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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the performance and distillate yield analysis of a single sloped
green house solar still for growing plants in cold climates through better utilization of the
available sunlight. A green house solar still of area 0.20m x 0.50m along with still water
storage area 0.50m x 0.50m is constructed using stainless steel. Sides of the basin are well
insulated to prevent heat losses. The still body consists of a step type basin insulated at the
bottom with glass wool. There is a parallel openening at base of the step for the circulation
of air to green house channel. Slits are closed to prevent the air flow for solar still study.
Key Words : Solar still, Water collection, Efficiency, Greenhouse, Fossil fuel
INTRODUCTION
The basic principles of solar water
distillation are simple, yet effective, as
distillation replicates the way nature purifies
water. The suns energy heats water to the point
of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water
vapor rises, condensing on the glass surface
for collection. This process removes impurities
such as salts and heavy metals, as well as
destroys microbiological organisms. The end
result is water cleaner than the purest rainwater.
Heating saline water can be done using fossil
fuels like oil. But fossil fuels are slowly declining
with time because of the rapid consumption
used in technology development.
Solar energy is the best alternative
heating energy source. It is inexhaustible, clean
and available in almost all parts of the world.
The use of solar energy is however more
618
619
Thermophysical Properties
Thermophysical properties are estimated
using experimentally measured temperatures
of evaporation and condensation surfaces.
These values are given by Toyoma et al.26.
k = 0.0244 + (0.7673 10-4) Tav
...(1)
-5
-8
= (1.718 10 ) + (4.620 10 ) Tav ...(2)
Nu = (hci L / k)
...(7)
n
where
hci = C (Gr Pr) k / L
The values of constants C and n are
determined by the following conditions :
...(8)
Pr = (Cp / k)
...(9)
621
1200
1000
Radiation (W/m
800
600
400
200
S +
G.H
0
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:30 2:30 3:30 4:30
Time (min)
622
50
50
45
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
40
40
30
35
20
30
Glass (C)
Air (C)
Wat er (C)
Room (C)
10
Glass
Air
Water
Room
25
20
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:30 2:30 3:30 4:30
0
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:30
2:30
3:30
4:30
Time (min)
Time (mi n)
Fig. 4 shows the variation of instantaneous water collection with respect to time.
The water collection is increased to the
maximum of 92 ml and then decreased to 24
ml at 5 P.M. for still. Similarly the maximum
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
S
10
S+G
0
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
Time (min )
623
30
25
20
15
10
S
S+G
0
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 1:30
Time (min)
624
120
100
Humidity (%)
80
60
40
20
Time (min)
2430000
2420000
2410000
1)
2400000
2390000
2380000
2370000
S
S + G.H
2360000
Time (min)
625
12000
10000
SVP (pa)
8000
6000
4000
2000
S
S + G.H
0
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
Time (mi n)
4.5
180000
160000
3.5
140000
3
120000
Nu
Gr
2.5
100000
2
80000
1.5
60000
1
40000
20000
0.5
S
S + G.H
S
S + G.H
0
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
Time (min)
Time(min)
626
0.14
0.12
0.1
PR
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
S
S + G.H
0
9:00 10:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00
Time (mi n)
627
Table 1
Internal Heat Transfer Mode
2
Qri W/m
Qci W/m
Qei W/m
Qbe W/m
Qre W/m
Qce W/m
Still
52.25
15.90
124.67
3.93
104.11
64.54
48.59
14.46
106.62
3.52
111.87
80.47
evaporation rate.
A comparison chart for growth of plants
inside (G.H) and placed outside (O.G) the
green house solar still is listed in table 2.
Table 2
Day
G.Gram
G.H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
B.Gram
O.G G.H
Cotton
F.Gram
Gingili
H.Gram
Paddy
O.G
G.H
O.G
G.H
O.G
G.H
O.G
G.H
O.G
G.H
O.G
.05
.15
.20
.50
.75
.925
1.30
2.00
2.60
3.30
3.90
5.15
5.90
6.50
6.95
7.80
8.50
9.15
10.20
.05
.08
.20
.300
.500
.825
1.00
1.55
2.10
3.00
3.90
4.65
5.10
5.90
6.45
7.25
7.90
8.50
8.90
.05
.75
.225
.50
.75
1.00
1.75
2.30
3.10
3.55
4.10
4.60
5.35
5.80
6.90
7.30
8.60
9.10
.05
.75
.125
.30
.65
.90
1.20
1.60
2.80
3.50
4.20
4.50
5.05
5.50
5.90
6.50
7.00
7.20
.05
.070
.100
.150
0.50
0.90
1.30
2.00
2.60
3.00
3.50
3.95
4.60
5.20
6.12
6.89
7.60
8.13
.05
.10
.225
.350
.500
.750
1.50
2.50
3.45
4.50
6.50
7.50
8.80
9.20
10.30
11.10
12.30
12.90
14.10
15.00
16.60
17.20
.02
.08
.125
.190
.750
1.15
2.00
2.80
4.00
4.90
6.50
7.25
9.10
9.80
10.25
10.40
11.00
11.30
11.50
12.10
12.30
12.45
.05
.125
.170
.275
.500
.700
1.10
2.75
3.15
5.50
6.25
7.50
8.25
9.10
9.80
10.45
11.15
12.36
13.59
15.00
15.50
.05
.10
.20
.275
.50
.700
1.10
2.75
3.15
5.50
6.25
7.50
8.25
8.75
9.10
9.45
10.15
10.56
10.95
11.30
11.90
.05
.03
.025
.075 .075
.05
.100 .100
.10
.125 .125
.15
.405 .375 .325
.700 .500 .625
1.00 0.90 .825
1.75 1.35 1.25
2.15 2.15 1.50
4.20 3.50 3.50
5.30 4..20 4.10
6.25 5.65 5.10
6.90 6.30 5.75
7.50 7.20 6.30
8.10 7.90 6.90
9.20 8.50 7.20
9.90 8.90 7.90
10.90 9.50 9.00
12.00 10.00 9.60
13.35 10.35 10.55
14.80 10.70 11.10
CONCLUSION
The results show that :
(1) the still daily average efficiency is
about 16.05% (0.5 m2 area) for still and
12.15% (0.5 m2 area) for green house study;
(2) total daily yield is about 838 ml
.025
.05
.07
.10
.225
.325
.725
1.05
1.80
2.75
3.50
4.20
4.95
5.60
6.10
6.80
7.35
8.00
8.60
9.15
9.60
.05
.10
.125
.750
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.10
3.60
4.20
4.60
5.00
5.45
5.90
6.20
628
11.
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