Name:

________________________________

Teacher: _______________________________

Class: _______________________________

FORT STREET HIGH SCHOOL

2016

HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE COURSE

ASSESSMENT TASK 3: TRIAL HSC

Mathematics Extension 2

Time allowed: 3 hours

(plus 5 minutes reading time)
Syllabus
Outcomes

E2, E3
E4, E6
E7, E8
E5
E2E8

Assessment Area Description and Marking Guidelines

Questions

Chooses and applies appropriate mathematical techniques in order to

solve problems effectively
Applies appropriate strategies to construct arguments and proofs in the
areas of complex numbers and polynomials
Uses efficient techniques for the algebraic manipulation of conic
sections and determining features of a wide variety of graphs
Applies further techniques of integration, such as slicing and cylindrical
shells, integration by parts and recurrence formulae, to problems
Usesideasandtechniquesofcalculustosolveproblemsinmechanics
involvingresolutionofforces,resistedmotionandcircularmotion
Synthesises mathematical processes to solve harder problems and
communicates solutions in an appropriate form

110

Section I

Total Marks 100

Section I
10 marks
Multiple Choice, attempt all questions.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Section II
90 Marks
Attempt Questions 1116.
Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section.

Q1Q10
Section II

General Instructions:

Questions 1116 are to be started in a new booklet.

The marks allocated for each question are indicated.
In Questions 11 16, show relevant mathematical
reasoning and/or calculations.
Marks may be deducted for careless or badly arranged
work.
Board approved calculators may be used.

Total 10
/10
Total 90

13
14
15
16
Marks

Marks

Q11

/15

Q12

/15

Q13

/15

Q14

/15

Q15

/15

Q16

/15

Percent

11, 12

Section I
1 What is 3 i expressed in modulus-argument form?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

2(cos
2(cos

i sin )
6
6

i sin )
6
6

2(cos
2(cos

5
5
i sin )
6
6

5
5
i sin )
6
6

x2 y2

1.
4 3
What are the coordinates of the vertex of the hyperbola?
(B) (0, 2)
(A) (2, 0)
2 Consider the hyperbola with the equation

(C)

(0, 4)

(D) (4, 0)

x2 y2

1
a 2 b2
and the chord PQ subtends a right angle at ( 0,0) . Which of the following is the
correct expression?

3 The points P(a cos , b sin ) and Q ( a cos , b sin ) lie on the ellipse

(A)

tan tan

b2
a2

(B)

tan tan

a2
b2

(C)

tan tan

b2
a2

(D)

tan tan

a2
b2

4 What is the value of sec xdx ? Use the substitution t tan 2x .

(A) ln | (t 1)(t 1) | c
(C)

ln | (1 t )(t 1) | c

ln |

1 t
| c
1 t

(D) ln |

t 1
| c
t 1

(B)

Page3of12

5 What is the volume of the solid formed when the region bounded by the curves
y 2 x 3 and y 2 x is rotated about the x-axis? Use the method of slicing.

(A)

5
cubic units
14

(B)

10
cubic units
14

(C)

5
cubic units
7

(D)

10
cubic units
7

A particle of mass m is moving in a straight line under the action of a force.

m
(6 10 x)
x3
Which of the following is an expression for its velocity at any position, if the
particle starts from rest at x 1 ?
F

(A) v

1
(3 10 x 7 x 2 )
x

(B)

v x ( 3 10 x 7 x 2 )

(C)

1
2(3 10 x 7 x 2 )
x

(D) v x 2( 3 10 x 7 x 2 )

The equation y 3 xy x 3 7 implicitly defines

Which of the following is an expression for

(A)

3x 2
3 y2 1

(B)

y 3x 2
3y2 x

(C)

y 3x 2 7
3y2 x

(D)

3 y 2 y 3x 2
x

in terms of .

dy
?
dx

Page4of12

Let , and be roots of the equation x 3 3x 2 4 0 . Which of the following

polynomial equations have roots 2 , 2 and 2 ?

(A)

x 3 9 x 2 24 x 4 0

(B)

x 3 9 x 2 12 x 4 0

(C)

x 3 9 x 2 24 x 16 0

(D)

x 3 9 x 2 12 x 16 0

Two equal circles touch externally at B. XB is a diameter of one circle. XZ is the

tangent from X to the other circle and cuts the first circle at Y.
Z
Y

Which is the correct expression that relates XZ to XY?

(A) 3 XZ 4 XY
(B) XZ 2 XY
(C) 2 XZ 3 XY
(D) 2 XZ 5 XY

10

Which conic has eccentricity

(A)

x2 y2
1
3 2

(B)

x2 y 2
1
32 22

(C)

x2 y2
1
3 2

(D)

x2 y 2
1
32 22

13
?
3

Page5of12

Section II

Question11(15marks)

a) (i)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

Findrealnumbers A and B suchthat

7x 1
A
B

x x 2 x 1 x 2
2

(ii)

Hence,find

7x 1
dx
x2

b) (i)

Prove

f ( x) dx

f (a x) dx
0

(ii)

Henceevaluate

1 tan x

1 tan x dx
0

c) If z1 3i and z2 1 i ,findvaluesof
i)

z1 z2

ii)

z1 z2

iii)

z1

z2

2
2

d)

z isacomplexnumbersuchthat arg z

i)
ii)

and z 2 .

Showthelocusofthepoint P representing z intheArganddiagram.

Findthepossiblevaluesoftheprincipalargumentof z i for z onthelocus.

Page6of12

Question12(15marks)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

a) Suppose , , and arethefourrootsofthepolynomialequation

x 4 px 3 qx 2 rx s 0

i)

findthevaluesof and intermsof

, , and .

ii)

showthat p 2q
2

iii) apply the results in part (ii) to show that x 3 x 5 x 7 x 8 0 cannot

havefourrealroots.

b) Let P x x5 10 x 2 15 x 6 .
i)

showthat x 1 isarootof P x ofmultiplicitythree.

ii)

Hence,orotherwise,findthetwocomplexrootsof P x .

c) If , , are the roots of x3 3 x 2 2 x 1 0 find the equation whose roots are

1 1 1
, , .

d) Evaluate t e t dt.
0

Page7of12

Question13(15marks)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

2
.
x 1

a) Function f x isdefinedby f x log e

i)

Statethedomainof f x .

ii)

Writetheequationofanyasymptotetothegraphof y f x .

iv) Isthefunctionincreasingordecreasing?Justifyyouranswer.

v) useyouranswerstotheabovequestionstosketchgraphsofthefollowing.

iii) Findthe x intercept(s)of y f x .

) y f x
y f x

y ln f x

b) P 2 p,

2
isavariablepointonthehyperbola xy 4 .Thenormaltothehyperbolaat
p

2
P meetsthehyperbolaagainat Q 2q, . M isthemidpointof PQ .
q

p3

i)

Showthat q

ii)

Showthat M hascoordinates

1 2 1 1
2
p 2 , p 2 p .
p p

iii) Showthatthelocusof M isgivenbytheequation x3 y 3 y 2 x 2

.
2

Page8of12

Question14(15marks)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

a) Let I n (sin x ) n dx ,where isaninteger, n 0 .

0

i)

Usingintegrationbyparts,showthat,for n 2

n 1
In
I n 2
n
ii)

Henceshowthat

sin

2n

x dx

2n !
22 n 1 n !

b) Thediagramshowsthegraphof f x

x
for 0 x 1 .
1 x2

Theareaboundedby y f x ,theline x 1 andthe x axisisrotatedabouttheline

x 1 toformasolid.
Usethemethodofcylindricalshellstofindthevolumeofthesolid.

c)

Evaluate

ln x

(1 ln x)

dx

Page9of12

Question15(15marks)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

a) Inthecaseofturbulentflow,thefrictionalforceonanobjecttravellingthroughafluidis
modelledasbeingproportionaltothesquareofthetravellingvelocity.

In the case where a particle is falling vertically through the atmosphere, gravity is
providing downward acceleration and the resistive frictional force is effectively acting
upward, since friction always opposes motion. The situation is represented
diagrammaticallybelow.

Expressing the objects net force in terms of its velocity and a positive coefficient
yields

mx mg v 2
Accordingtothisrepresentation,thenetaccelerationoftheobjectisthereforegivenby

x g v 2 where

Thecoefficient dependsonthesurfaceprofileandmassoftheobject.
i)

Show that setting the initial height of the object as x 0 and assuming that the
initialvelocityiszeroyieldsthefollowingequationofmotion.

Show that this allows the velocity to be written as a function of position in the
followingway.

ln g v 2 2 x ln g

ii)

v x

1 e
2 x

iii) Byusingtheresultfrom(ii),statetheobjectsterminalvelocity.

iv) Calculate the terminal velocity of a table tennis ball in free fall through the

atmosphere. Take g 9.8 ms 2 and 0.2 m 1 and give your answer in

v)

kilometresperhour.

Howfarinmetreswillthetabletennisballfallbeforeitreaches80%ofitsterminal
velocity?

Page10of12

1
2

b) A particle of mass m, attached by a light rod to a pivot point C, moves with constant
speedinahorizontalcirclewhosecentreOisdistanthmetresbelowC.

i.
ShowthatthetimeTsecondstakenforonerevolutionoftheparticleisgivenby

T 2

h
,wheregmetrespersecondpersecondistheaccelerationdueto
g

gravity.

ii.

discusstheeffect,ifany,onthemotionoftheparticleifitsspeedisdoubled.

Page11of12

Question16(15marks)
a)

STARTANEWBOOKLET

Marks

A water sprinkler is positioned at a point on level ground at a distance of x

metres from a vertical wall. Water is projected from the sprinkler at v m/s at an
angle to the ground. Neglecting air resistance and taking g as the acceleration
duetogravity.Attime t ,thehorizontalandverticaldisplacementofthewaterfrom
the point of projection are x vt cos , and y vt sin

1 2
gt respectively (DO
2

NOTPROVETHESERESULTS).
i)

Showthat gx 2 tan 2 2 xv 2 tan 2 yv 2 gx 2 0

ii) If there are two possible angles of projection, prove that

gy g 2 x 2 y 2 .
2

iii) showthatthewaterfromsprinklerhitsthebaseofthewallonlyif v

gx

iv) Given v 2 gx , prove that the maximum height that can be reached by
thewaterprojectedbythesprinklerupthewallis

b)

15 x
metres.
8

Thediagrambelowshowspartofapolygonaldome.Eachcrosssectionisaregularn
sidedpolygon.

The vertex of the dome is units directly above the centre of the polygonal
base,whichis unitsfromeachvertex.Acirculararcjoinsthetopofthedome
toeachvertexofthebase.

i) Showthattheareaofthehorizontalcrosssection unitsfromthebase
isgivenby

n 2
2
r x 2 sin

2
n

ii) Henceshowthatthevolumeofthedomeisgivenby

nr 3
2
sin
3
n

iii) Show that as n , the volume of the dome approaches that of a

hemisphere.

EndofPaper
Page12of12

Fort Street High School

TRIAL HSC Mathematics Extension 2 - Solutions
Questions 1-10: Multiple Choice
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. C
Question 11:
a)
7x 1
A
B
i)

, hence equating numerators

2
x x 2 x 1 x 2
7 x 1 A x 2 B x 1
x 2 : 15 A 2 2 B 2 1 B 5
x 1:

6 A 1 2 B 1 1 A 2

7x 1
2
5

x x 2 x 1 x 2
7x 1
dx
ii) 2
x x2
2
5
dx

x 1 x 2
2 ln x 1 5ln x 2 c

b)

2016
10. D
Marking

for correct B
value
for correct A
value

Comments

Well done

i) Let x a u

x0 au

dx du
Then

xa u0

for correct
integration

for set-up

Page | 1

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

a

f ( x) dx
0

for substitution

f (a u ) du

Well done

f (a u ) du
0

for conclusion

f (a x) dx
0

(as a definite integral is independent of the variable used.)

ii)

1 tan x

1 tan x dx
0

1 tan x
4
dx

0 1 tan
x
4

tan

1 tan

tan

1 tan

tan x

Well done

tan x
dx

tan x

tan x

(using (i) above)

for using pt (i)

result

Page | 2

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

1 tan

tan x tan tan x

4
4

.
1 tan

tan x

1 tan
1 tan

tan x

tan x tan

dx
tan x

1 tan x 1 tan x
dx
1 tan x 1 tan x
0
4

for resolving to
simple integral

2 tan x
dx
2

sin x
dx
cos x
0

ln cos x 04
ln

1
2

1
ln 2
2

for value

c)
i)

z1 z2

22

5
ii) z1 z2
3i 1 i
1 2i

for value

Well done

for value
Page | 3

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

iii)

z1
z2
3i 1 i
.
1 i 1 i
3i 3i 2

1 1

3 3i
2

for value

d)
i)

Well done

for diagram

The locus of P is the interval OZ, with the point at O excluded.

for explanation

Page | 4

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

ii) All the possible points for the complex number z i lie on the interval AC.

When z 2 , z i is at A. As z 0 , z i C . Hence:

arg C arg z i arg A 1, 3 1

arg z i tan 1
2

for value

3 1

Poorly done. Most

students did not get
even the minimum
value for arg i

for value
tan 1 3 1

Page | 5

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

Question 12:
a)

Marking

b
a
p

Comments

i)

for value

c
a
q

ii) 2 2 2 2

2
2

for value
for expansion/
conncetion

p 2q

Well done

p 2 2q

for value

iii)
2

p 2 2q
3 2 5
2

1
0
Hence some roots must be complex, so not all roots are real.

for conclusion
with justification

Page | 6

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

b)
i)

P x x5 10 x 2 15 x 6
P ' x 5 x 4 20 x 15
P " x 20 x3 20

P 1 15 10.12 15 1 6
0

for working

P ' x 5.14 20 1 15
0

Well done

P " x 20.1 20
3

0
Hence x 1 is a root of multiplicity 3.
x 2 3x 6
3
2
5
4
3
2
ii) x 3 x 3 x 1 x 0 x 0 x 10 x 15 x 6

for justification

x5 3x 4 3x3 x 2
3 x 4 3 x3 9 x 2 15 x

3x 9 x 9 x 3x
4

for
Q x x 2 3x 6

6 x 2 18 x 2 18 x 6
6 x 2 18 x 2 18 x 6
.
.
.
.

Thus P x x5 10 x 2 15 x 6

x 1 Q x
3

x 1 x 2 3 x 6
3

So x 2 3x 6 0 gives

Page | 7

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

3 32 4.1.6
2
3 15

2
3
15
as the two complex roots.

i
2
2

c)

for values

1
x

for correct method

As 3 2 1 0
3
2
1
1
1

3

2 1 0
x
x
x
3

1 3x 2 x 2 x3 0
x3 2 x 2 3x 1 0 is the required equation.

Well done
for correct
equation

Page | 8

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

dv
et
u t
dt
du
1
v e t
dt
Then

d) Let

t e

dt

for correct by
parts set-up

te t e t dt
2

Well done

2e 2 0 e t
2e e 1
2

1 3e

for resolving

for correct answer

e2 3
2
e

Page | 9

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

Question 13:

Marking

2
a) For f x log e
:
x 1
2
i) Domain needs
0
x 1
x 1 0

x 1
ii) x 1
2
iii) ln
0
x 1
2
1
x 1
2 x 1
x3
Hence the x-intercept is 3, 0 .

for value
for value

Well done for (i)

(iii)

for point

iv)
2
f x ln

x 1
ln 2 ln x 1
f ' x 0

1
x 1

as x 1 from (i).
0
Hence the function is always decreasing.

Comments

for working

for justification

Some had errors in

dy
or didnt simplify
dx
sufficiently to
support argument
dy
that
0. Some
dx
incorrect limits used
instead of sign of
dy
.
dx

Page | 10

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

v)
a.

Well done

for graph

Page | 11

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

b.

for graph

Well done

Page | 12

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

g.

for graph

for intercept/
asymptotes
A few did not realize
restriction on
domain of 1 x 3 .

Page | 13

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

b)
i)

4
x
dy 4

dx x 2

2
At P 2 p, :
p

1
m 2 , so normal has gradient p 2 . Hence
p
Gradient of PQ:
2 2

q p
mPQ
2q 2 p

(b) (i) and (ii)

Generally well done

for gradient

pq
2
pq

2q p
1
pq
As these are the same (equal):
1
p2
pq
1
q 3
p

for equating

Page | 14

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

2 2

2q 2 p
q p
ii) xm
and ym
2
2
pq
1 1

p q
1
p 3
1
p
p3
p
1
1
p2 2
p
p
iii)
1 2 1
p p2
y p

x
1

p 2 p2
p

2 1
p p2

2
p

1
p2 2
p

2
p
y p2 x
y
p2
x
Then from

for both values

for y to x
relationship

(iii) many students

tried to use the
incorrect method of
showing LHS=RHS.
This does not show
the equation is the
locus of M.
It just shows that the
identity is true
(without relating it to
the locus) which is
not what the question
required.

Page | 15

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

1

y p 2 p2
p

y p 2 p2
p

y2

y x y

using above.
x y
x

y y 2 x2
y

x xy

for substitution

for algebra to
result

2
1 2
y x2
3
x y

x3 y 3 y 2 x 2

as reqd.

Page | 16

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

Question 14:
a)

Marking

Comments

i)

I n sin n x dx
0

sin n 1 x.sin x dx
0

Let u sin n 1 x

dv sin x
du n 1 sin n 2 x.cos x v cos x
Then by parts:

for by parts set-up

Generally well done

I n 0 0 n 1 1 sin 2 x .sin n 2 x dx
2

n 1 sin n 2 x sin n x dx

resolves by
parts

n 1 I n 2 I n
Hence
I n n 1 I n 2 n 1 I n

n 1 I n I n n 1 I n2
nI n n 1 I n 2
n 1 I
I
n

n2

resolves to
I n , I n 2 relationship
resolves algebra
to result
as reqd.

Page | 17

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

sin

ii) To show

2n

x dx

2n !
22 n 1 n !

i.e.

sin

2n

x dx I 2 n

2n 1

I n2
2n
2n 1 2n 3

I n4
2n 2n 2

establishes pattern

2n 1 2n 3

...I 2
2n 2n 2
2n 1 2n 3 1

... .I 0
2n 2n 2 2

Now I 0 sin 0 x dx
0

1 dx

finds I 0

Many had problems

establishing a
pattern, and only a
few found the value
for I 0 .

x 02

2n 1 2n 3
From the pattern

... we note the missing terms to be in sequence in the

2n 2n 2
numerator are 2n, 2n 2, 2n 4,... hence inserting these:

identifies missing
terms to complete
pattern

Page | 18

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

I 2n

2n 2n 1 2n 2 2n 3 2n 4 1
... .

2n 2n 2n 2 2n 2 2n 4 2 2
2n.2n 1.2n 2.2n 3...2.1.

2n 2n 2
2

resolves factorials
and powers correctly

...42.22.2

2n !
2 n .2 n 1 .22 n 2 ..22 22.2212.2
2

2n !

2 .2. n n 1 n 2 ...2.1
2 n

2n !
22 n 1 n !

as reqd.

b)

x
C 2 1 x

y r 1 x

Hence the shell is rectangular with area

A lb
x
2 1 x y where y
1 x2
Thus the volume of the shell is
V 2 1 x y. x

set-up: diagram
with derivation of
V in appropriate
detail

Set-up was generally

poorly done. Radius
was often incorrectly
identified as x .

Page | 19

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

1

V lim V
x 0

resolves sum to
integral

lim 2 1 x y. x
x 0

2 1 x y.dx
0

2 1 x
0

x
.dx
1 x2

x x2
.dx
1 x2
0

1 x 2 1 x
.dx
1 x2
0

2
1

1 x 2 1 x

2 1
0

1 x2

resolves into
partial fractions (any
method)

.dx

1
x

.dx
2
1 x 1 x2
1

2 x tan 1 x ln 1 x 2
2

0
1

2 1 tan 1 1 ln 1 1 0 tan 1 0 ln 1 0
2
2

ln 2 2
2

answer

Page | 20

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

c)

ln x

(1 ln x)

dx

Let u 1 ln x so ln x u 1 , then
1
x eu 1
du dx
x
dx eu 1 du
ln x
(1 ln x)2 dx
u 1
2 .eu 1 du
u
1 1
2 .eu 1 du
u u
eu 1
eu 1
du 2 du

u
u
u 1
eu 1
e
1 u 1
du

e du
u
u
u

eu 1
eu 1
eu 1
du
du

u
u
u
eu 1

c
u
x

c
1 ln x

uses appropriate
substitution

Generally well done

resolves to simple
integration

answer back into

original variable

Page | 21

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

Question 15:
a)
i)

Marking

Comments

x g v2
dv
g v2
dx
vdv
dx
g v2
2 vdv
2 dx
g v2
v

ln g v

2 x c

When x 0, v 0 :

2 0 c ln g 02

resolves to
integration

Generally well done.

Several students
successfully used
x

~dx ~dv
resolves integral
correctly

method.

correct c value

c ln g

ln g v 2 2 x ln g
ii)

2 x ln g v 2 ln g
g v2
2 x ln

g
g v2
e 2 x
g
2 x
ge
g v2

resolves to
exponentials

Well done.

v 2 g ge 2 x
v2
v

1 e
2 x

correct algebra to
result

1 e (as v >0)
2 x

Page | 22

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

iii) Terminal velocity when x , e 2 x 0 , hence
vT

iv) vT

1 0

correct reasoning

as reqd.

Some used the

acceleration
definition to get to
the same result.
Dont substitute
into equations its
not a number!

9.8
0.2
7m/ s
7 60 60
km / h

1000
25.2 km / h
v) From (i):
2 x ln g ln g v 2

1 g
ln

2 g v 2

9.8
1
ln

2 0.2 9.8 0.2 0.8 7 2

2.55m

correct result

Some did not read

requirements and left
the answer in m/s.

substitutions
correct

Generally well done.

correct answer

Page | 23

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

b)
i) Forces Diagram

forces diagram
and resolution of
forces correct

Resolving Forces:
Vertically: no motion
Fi 0

Horizontally: circular motion

F mr

T cos mg 0

T sin mr 2

T cos mg

: tan

Set-up and forces

diagram, with
resolution of forces,
usually poorly done.

mr 2
mg
r 2
g

But from diagram: tan

r
, hence
h

Page | 24

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

r r 2

h
g
g
2
h
g
h
For Period:
2
T

linking the two

expressions for tan
.

resolved for
with correct
resolution to required
result.

g
h

h
as reqd.
g

ii) When the speed doubles: v2 2v1

Page | 25

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

We know from h
So from part (i):
v1 r11
g
h1 2

1
2
T1
1

that h decreases as increases and so clearly .

compared to double speed:
v2 r22
g
h2 2

2
2
T2

With v2 2v1 , this gives the following relationships:

:
v
2 2
r2

2v1
r2

appropriate
working to support
conclusions below

Generally poorly
done.
Many assumed a
doubling of
rather than v , thus
not reading the
question carefully,
and erroneously
finding that angle or
radius doubled.

2r
1 .1
r2
:

h2

22
g
2r1 2
.1
r2

r g
2 2
2r1 1
r
2 h1
2r1

Page | 26

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

As h2 h1 , this leads to
r2
h1 h1
2r1
r2 2r1
:
2
T2

Period is specifically
mentioned in the
previous part, so
reference should be
made to this!
Ensure you
understand that the
parts are linked!

2
2r1
.1
r2

r
2 T1
2r1
Thus height and period decrease, radius and angle increase (but NOT by doubling).
Note also that
r
tan 1
h1
tan

height, radius and

angle (at least two
mentioned)
effect on period

r2
h2
r2

r2
h1
2r1
r
2 1
h1
2 tan

tan 1 2 tan (i.e. the angle is not doubled)

Page | 27

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

Question 16:
a)
i)

Marking
x vt cos gives t

x
v cos

1
Substituting this into y vt sin gt 2 gives
2

1 x
x
g
y v sin .

v cos 2 v cos
gx 2
x tan 2
2v cos 2
2v 2 y 2v 2 x tan gx 2 sec 2

Comments

resolves for t and

substitutes

links sec to
tan

2v 2 x tan gx 2 1 tan 2

Generally well done.

resolves to
required eqn.

2v 2 x tan gx 2 gx 2 tan 2
0 gx 2 tan 2 2v 2 x tan gx 2 2v 2 y as reqd.
ii) Considering the equation as a quadratic in tan , for two possible angles 0 .
Hence
b 2 4ac 0

2v x
2

4.gx 2 . 2v 2 y gx 2 0

link to
discriminant and set- Some students did
not realize to use the
up of inequality
discriminant.

4v 4 x 2 8 gx 2 v 2 y 4 g 2 x 4 0
v 4 2 gv 2 y g 2 x 2 0
v 4 2 gv 2 y g 2 x 2
v 2 gv y g y g x g y
4

correct algebra to
result

gy g 2 x 2 y 2
2

Page | 28

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

iii) To hit the base of the wall substitute y 0 in (ii):

0 g 2 x 2 02
2

correct reasoning

v4 g 2 x2
v gx

Many students did

not use the inequality
derived in (ii).

, noting g , x, v are all >0.

Hence v gx to hit the base of the wall.

iv) Substituting v 2 gx into (ii):

gx

gy

correct inequality

g x y

4 gx gy

g 2 x2 y2

g 2 4x y g 2 x2 y2
2

16 x 2 8 xy y 2 x 2 y 2
16 x 2 8 xy x 2
15 x 2 8 xy
15 x
(as x 0 )
y
8
ALTERNATE METHOD (used by many)
Substituting v 2 gx into (i):
0 gx 2 tan 2 8 gx 2 tan 8 gxy gx 2

x tan 2 8 x tan 8 y x
x
x
y x tan tan 2
8
8
dy
x

x sec 2 tan sec 2

d
4
dy
0 gives
d

Having missed the

correct algebra to link earlier, many
did not use this
eliminate y 2
method, but used the
alternate method
below.

correct reasoning

ALTERNATE
MARKING
finding tan 4

Page | 29

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

x
0 x sec 2 tan sec 2
4
x
sec2 4 tan
4
Hence tan 4 as sec 2 0 .
tan 4 into :
x
x
y 4 x .16
8
8
15 x

as reqd.
8
Also:

y'

proving the result. Many students did

not confirm that the
required value was a
maximum.

tan 1 3 tan 1 4 tan 1 5

showing a max
value.

Hence the value is a maximum.

b)
i) Top view:

Side view
radians

From the side view: y r 2 x 2

Many students did

not demonstrate the
relationship between
x, y and r in a right
triangle. Most
students recognised
the need to use
1
A ab sin C .
2

Page | 30

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

From the top view, one triangle has
1
A ab sin C
2
1
2
y 2 sin

2
n
So the total cross-sectional area is
n
2
AT y 2 sin

2
n
n
2
r 2 x 2 sin

2
n
ii) V AT x
n 2
2
r x 2 sin

2
n
Hence
V V

lim
x 0

n
2
r 2 x 2 sin
2
n
0

resolves to given
result

Well done.

n 2
2
r x 2 sin

2
n

diagrams and setup for one crosssection

dx

n 2 2 1 3
sin
r x x
2 n
3 0

derivation of V
leading to integral

n 2
sin
2 n

resolves for r
values

3 1 3
r r 0
3

n 2r 3
2
.sin
.

2 3
n
nr 3
2
sin

3
n

as reqd.

resolves to result

Page | 31

Fort Street HS Trial HSC Extension 2 Mathematics 2016 Solutions

iii) Noting that n implies

2
0 , then
n

nr 3
2
sin

n 3
n
nr 3
2
lim
sin

2
0 3
n
n
lim

2
sin

n
2
n
n
2
sin

2 r 3
n

lim
3 2 0 2
n
n
3
2 r

.1
3
2 r 3

3
14

r3
which is half the volume of a sphere (a hemisphere) as reqd.
23

resolves limit
correctly

nr 3 2
lim
. .
2
n
0 3

Hardly any students

realized that as
2
n ,
0
n
and hence were
unable to correctly
sin x
resolve lim
1.
x 0
x

demonstrates
conclusion with
supporting working

Page | 32