CCAsCCAs

benzimidazoloneCCAs

Electro-photographicCharge Control Agents

TonerTriboelectrically-Adjusted Pigments

91

NIP

[1-3]

CMY

LBPs

CMYK

PPFs

[2]CCAs

SRCP[4]

90-95

/
5
1-3CCA

CCAs

5m25m

Ingredient

Concentration

Function

Triboelectric

Coloristic

Influence

Influence

Resin

90

Polymer-Matrix

Pigment

Color

+++

CCA

Friction Charge

+++

Waxes

Fusing

Flow Agents

0.5

++

External Additives
Flowability

CCAcharge control agent

Rclativc influence+ + + = dominating+ = certain(+) = less0 = nearly zcro

A/B
Toner Ingredient

System 0

System 1

System 2

System 3

Resin

100

99

95

94

CCA

Pigment

100

100

100

100

Total

92


Coulter Counter

q/m/

+
=

[3]

CCAsq/m

[6]

Blow-Off/

[7]

styrene/methacrylate10/90

90m
973

/Nigrosine

98ferrite

triphenylmethanes[5]

ferrite90m2

Nigrosinetriphenylmethanes

70g

150rpmq/m

CCs

q/m2.5g

q/m

CCs

P. Y. 180

/ A

93

Y-

M-C-K

P.Y. 180

type 1 new

1.

2.

P. Y. 180 typesBq/m
Type

Target
Application

q/m

Shade

Transparency

value
[uC/g]

Specific

Particle

Particle

Surface

Size

Shape

(m3/g)

d50(um)

1(new)

Toner

-9

yellow-green

High

60

0.12

More cubic

2(old)

Plastic

-20

yellow-green

Low

24

0.32

rod-like

180
94

P. Y. 180type 1new2oldB2

3.

P. Y. 180 type 1new

Type 1Type 2
q/m

2oldq/m

type 1

2Resin

T = ca 120

CCAs

q/m

CCAs

70

A1BF4-,Cl-,---
95

perfluorinated
ClBF4-
tetraphenylborate

5. R. Baur, H-T. Macholdt, Journal of

Electrostatics, 301993213-222.
6. W. Herbst, K. Hunger, Industrial Organic
Pigments, VCII Weinheim 1993.
7. H.-t. Macholdt, A. Sieber,, Triboelectric
Charging Properties of Organic Pigments",
Journal of Imaging Technology, 14pp. 89-93,
1988.

8. Colour Index, 3 rd Issue, The Society of

CCAs

Dyers and Colourists, Bradford/UK, 1982.

The Colour Index describes and lists the

different pigments in terms of running

numbers and combines this number with

CAS-No and chemical constitution. For

instance, Pigment Yellow 180=P.Y180 ; CAS

No.:77804-81-0.

1. L.B Schein, Electrophotography and

Development Physics"; Springer Series in

9. R. Baur, H.-T. Macholdt,, Organic Pigments

for Digital Color Printing"; IS+T 11 th
International Congress, Hilton Head/US
Proceedings, pp 118-121, 1995.

Electrophysics 14; Springer Verlag, 1992.

2. J.S. Chang, A.J. Kelly, J.M. Cowley;
Handbook of Electrostatic Processes" Marcel
Dekker, Inc; 1995.
3. G.M. Sessler, Electrets", Springer Verlag,
2nd Edition, 1988.
4. L. De Schamphelaere, Short Run Digital
Color Printing, IS+T 11 th International
Congress, Hilton Head/Us, 1995.
96