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08/09/2008

PBL for
Supporting Critical Thinking
Irfannuddin

Objectives:










Background of critical thinking


Definition of critical thinking
Component of critical thinking
Way to enhance critical thinking
Definition of PBL
Types of PBL
Component of PBL
Practice with PBL
PBL preparation

08/09/2008

Key Questions
 Why does critical thinking?
 What is critical thinking?
 How to enhance critical thinking
ability?
 What is PBL?
 How the student should prepare for
PBL?

Case
Dr. Rame, saw an advertisement from
internet that there is a new
supplement to decrease body weight.
He directly recommend the
supplement to his patient which
bought via MLM company.
After consumed the complement, his
patients report that they got allergy
cause by supplement

08/09/2008

Why Critical Thinking ?

Why critical thiking ?


 Medicine is
 Deep & extensive  Priorities
 Rapidly develop  Always adaptive
 Art & science  Excessive variation

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Medicine is deep and extensive

 You have to know


 What are your competencies
 What are your priorities
 What you need

Medicine is rapidly develop

 Doctor is a long-life learning profession


 You have to always adaptive
 Always looking for new information
 Critically appraise of all information
 Validity, reliability, necessarily

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Medicine is art & science

 You have to determine your own style/


methods
 But always consider ethics and standard

What is critical thinking ?


Ennis:
 Reasonable reflective thinking that is
focused on deciding what to do or believe.
 The intellectual disciplined process of
actively and skillfully conceptualizing,
applying, synthesizing, and or evaluating
information gathered from, or generated
by, observation, experience, reflection,
reasoning or communication as a guide to
belief and action.

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What are the component of CT ?


Kennedy, Fisher & Ennis :
 Identify the problem with their assumptions
 Clarify & focus on problem
 Analyze the problem
 Inferential or resumed
 Logically thinking base on inductive &
deductive
 Evaluate the validity & reliability of
assumptions, data, & information

How to enhance critical thinking?


 Always focused, do & believe on
critical thinking concept in learning
 How:
 Perform the critical thinking component
in learning of some issues

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Some methods in Medical School


 Pro-ACTIVE
 Problem-Objective-Alternative-ConsequencesTradeoffs-Integrate-Value-Evaluate

 COBMT
 Clinical Oriented Basic Medical Teaching

 Ommundsen Group Discussion


 PBL
 Problem Based Learning

 Etc.

What is Problem Based Learning?


 A small group discussion moderated by
tutor
 The process called tutorial

 Stimulated (triggered) by problem


 Stimulate student to critically think about
how to think the content with some steps of
thinking
 The student must:
 Determine the problem
 Think how to solve it
 Evaluate the resolution

08/09/2008

Example of PBL Steps


Mc. Master & Queens University
(Unpad)

Diana F Wood (7-Step)


 Mastrict, UGM,Unand

Brandas Step
(UI)

Read the problem

Identify & clarify unfamiliar terms

Clarification and definition of the problem

Brainstorming
Hyphothesis
- What we know
- What we need to know
Learning issues

Define the problems

Analysis of the problem

Identify/discuss/assign
Individual reading/research
Return
- Review case
- Report and discuss
- Assess progress
- Self evaluation
- Next problem

Development of hypothesis
Identification the knowledge needed
Identification of what already is known
Brainstorming
Discuss the problems
Explanation of prior knowledge
Identify incomplete knowledge

Identification learning resources


Collection of new information
Synthesis of old and new information
Repetition of steps, as necessary

Review step 2-3


Tentative solutions

Identification of what was not learned

Formulate learning objective

Summary of what was not learned

Private study

Testing the understanding of knowledge

Discus result of private study

PBL steps in FK-Unsri


Modification from all steps
1st phase of TUTORIAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Term clarification
Identify the problems
Analyze the problems
Formulate the hypothesis
Formulate the limited knowledge & learning issues

1.

Self Directed Learning

2nd phase of TUTORIAL


7.
8.
9.

Synthesis and resume of self learning result


Identify new learning issues
Self Directed learning

Plenary discussion

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Lets go to PBL

The trigger
Namaku Siti Maonah, saya mau cerita:
Siti Kelembungan temanku, lagi bersedih. Dia sedih
karena pacarnya Raden John Tralala memutuskan
hubungan atas perintah ibu si Raden.
Setahuku Raden John Tralala adalah keturunan bangsawan
Palembang asli. Ibunya mensyaratkan agar setiap calon
istri anaknya harus bisa membuat pempek lenggang.
Sedangkan Kelembungan mahasiswa FK-Unsri yang terlalu
sibuk belajar, sehingga tidak tahu bagaimana cara
memasak
Ayo teman-teman mari kita tolong Siti Kelembungan

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1. Term Clarifications

2. Identify the problems


 P = (O E)xC





P = Problem
O = Observe
E = Expected
C = Concern

 Problem ?

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3. Analyze the problems


 Make a lot of questions related to
problems (5W1H)
?
?
?

Brain-storming !!!
 Try to answer your own questions

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4. Formulate the hypothesis

5. Formulate learning issues

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2nd phase of TUTORIAL


Synthesis and resume of self
learning result
Identify new learning issues
Self Directed learning
Plenary discussion

You want to success in PBL


Dont do this:
 Act without think (impulsive)
 Need help in every learning (overdependent)
 Do not understand the causative relation
 Do not think comprehensive (miss meaning)
 Over convinced to believe the truth (dogmatis)
 Not fleksibel (think tight)
 Always afraid (do not confidence)
 Lazy to think harder (anti-intellectual).

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08/09/2008

Thank You

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