T - Power Ele - 28-07 - 16 - EE - LS2-sol - 1243

1.
(d)
7.
(b)
13.
(c)
19.
(b)
25.
(c)
2.
(a)
8.
(d)
14.
(c)
20.
(c)
26.
(a)
3.
(d)
9.
(b)
15.
(b)
21.
(c)
27.
(b)
4.
(c)
10.
(c)
16.
(c)
22.
(a)
28.
(a)
5.
(c)
11.
(a)
17.
(d)
23.
(a)
29.
(a)
6.
(a)
12.
(c)
18.
(d)
24.
(b)
30.
(c)
CTEE16 | Power Electronics

Explanation
1.
(d)
2. (a)
V0
2d
3/2
/2
Output voltage V0 =
4Vs
(sin nd) (sin n / 2) (sin nt)

n = 1,3,5 n
RMS value of fundamental component

Vrms(fundamental) =
4Vs
sin d 1
= 120, 2d = 120 d = 60
Vrms(fundamental) =
3.
4.
5.
4Vs
sin 60 = 0.78 V = 0.78 V

s
(d)
Ripple current is independent of E(back emf) so it remains same.
(c)
(c)
RMS output voltage for single-phase half-bridge inverter
(V0rms )HB
Output power
P0 HB =
P0 HB =
Vdc
2
2
(V0rms
)HB = Vdc2
4R
2
Vdc
4R
...(1)
RMS output voltage for single-phase full-bridge inverter
(V )
0rms
Output power
FB
= Vdc
P0 FB =
P0 FB =
(V )
2
0rms
FB
2
Vdc
R
2
Vdc
R
...(2)
By dividing (1) with (2),
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2
Vdc
P0HB
4R
=
2
P0FB
Vdc
R
4 P0 HB = P0 FB
6. (a)
RMS value of fundamental component is
V1rms =
2Vdc
= 10.8 V
2
Vdc = 24 V
For a 1- half bridge inverter,

V0 =
Vdc
= 12 V
2
RMS harmonic voltage
n = 3,5,7
1/ 2
Vn2
rms
V02 V12
rms
1/ 2
= 122 (10.8)2
= 5.23 V
Total harmonic distortion (THD)

1 2
Vn
THD =
V1rms n = 2,3 rms
=
7.
1/ 2
2
V02 V1rms
V1rms
5.23
= 0.484 = 48.4%
10.8
(b)
8. (d)
The advantages possessed by PWM technique are as under :
(i)
The output voltage control with this method can be obtained
without any additional components.
(ii) With this method lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimised along with its output voltage
control. As higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering requirements are minimised.
9. (b)
The converter circuits which employ zero voltage and/or zero current switching are called resonant converters.
These converters are basically used to reduce the switching losses.
10. (c)
A dual converter with circulating current mode is preferred if load current is to be reversed quite frequently
and a fast response is desired in the four quadrant operation of the dual converter.
11. (a)
Approximately, the slip may be neglected, with the output inverter frequency related to synchronous speed.
N =
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120 f
P
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Also, at each condition, the voltage/frequency ratio = 220/50
hence the required inverter outputs are:
f =
voltage =
900 4
= 30 Hz
120
220
30 = 132 V.
50
12. (c)
We have, RMS value of fundamental component
V1rms =
2Vdc
= 10.8 V
2
The lowest harmonic is third harmonic.

Third harmonic voltage is, V3rms =
2Vdc
= 3.6V
3 2
Vdc = 24 V
HF for the third harmonic
V3rms
3.6
=
= 33.33%
HF3 = V
10.8
1rms
DF of the third harmonic

DF3 =
(V
3rms
/ 32
V1rms
) = 3.6 / 9 = 0.037 = 3.7%

10.8
13. (c)
Here
Vm =
2 230V
Average output voltage

V0 =
3Vm
3 2 230
= 310.60 V
Let the battery emf is E and average charging current is I0 then,

V0 = E + I0R
I0 =
V0 E 310.60 240
=
= 8.82 A
R
8
14. (c)
The resistances
R1 = R2 =
Vdc 120
=
= 6
I
20
Now, we have the relation for C for successful commutation as

C = 1.44
t off
R1
= 1.44
60 106
= 14.4 F
6
15. (b)
For a three phase bridge inverter, rms value of output line voltage
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10
2
Vdc
3
Vline(rms) =
Vdc = 500 V
= 0.816 500 = 408 V

16. (c)
For a single-phase semiconverter feeding a separately excited motor.
V0 = Vt =
Vm
(1 + cos ) = Ea + Iara
330
(1 + cos 30) = 80 + Ia 4
196.01 = 80 + Ia 4
Average armature current,
Ia =
T =
Motor torque,
196.01 80
= 29 A
4
E Ia
80 29
=
= 15.82 Nm
1400
N
2
2
60
60
17. (d)
KVL in the loop is,
V + L
di
= 0
dt
V = L
dt =
di
dt
L
di
V
Integrating on both sides,
dt
V di
0.1
4 103
100
t min = 4 s
The minimum width of the gating pulse required to properly turn on the SCR is 4 s.
t min =
18. (d)
V03 =
4 Vs
4 230
sin3(t ) =
sin3(t )
3
3
= 97.6150 sin (942.47t)

1
Z3 = R + j 3 L
3 C
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1
= 4 + j 3 2 50 35 103
3 2 50 155 10
= 4 + j(32.986 6.8453)
42 + (26.1407)2
Z3 = 26.44
I0 =
97.6150
1
= 2.61A
26.44
2
19. (b)
In a single-phase semiconverter

Input displacement factor (IDF) = cos 1 = cos
2

= cos = cos 30
2
IDF = 0.866
Current distortion factor (CDF) =
Is1
Is
2 =
( )
2 2 cos
2 2 0.866
60
180
= 0.955
20. (c)
The output voltage waveforms of the circuit is
i
VS
C
L
VC
VS
2VS
VD
0
VS
according to the waveforms

voltage across inductor is zero, since inductor is short circuited for dc.
voltage V1 = Vs = 100 V
voltage V3 = 2Vs = 200 V
hence, the three voltages are 100 V, 0, 200 V
21. (c)
IGBT and MCT are bipolar devices so the statements 2 and 4 are not correct.
22. (a)
Given chopper is a buck chopper so,
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V0 = Vs
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11
12
I0
Imax
I
IL
Imin
V0TOFF
L
I = 2IL = 2 I0
This is applicable only at boundary of continuous and discontinuous condition
I =
LC =
23.
24.
Vs (1 )
2 0f
(a)
(b)
Here in this case line commutated inverter means the battery is supplying power to source.
I0 =
V0 =
E + I0 R =
5000
= 11.11 A
450
3Vml
cos
3(400) 2
cos
312.236 = 540.189 cos
1 312.236
= cos
540.189
= 125.31
25. (c)
The diode will start conducting at an angle 1, where
1 = sin1
150
= 27.46
2 230
Arrange value of charging current,

1 1
I0 =
(Vm sin t E ) d ( t )
2R 1
2 27.46
2 2 230cos27.46 150

2 8
180
I0 = 4.97 A
power delivered to battery is,
P = E I0 = 150 4.97
P = 745.5 W
=
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13
26. (a)
VO
Vm
t
trr
trr
If reverse recovery time is taken into consideration, the diodes D1 and D2 will not be off at t = , but will
continue to conduct until
+ t rr
the reduction in output voltage is given by cross hatched area.

Average value of this reduction in output voltage is given by
t =
Vr =
1 rr
Vm sin t d (t )
0
Vm
(1 cos trr )
with zero reverse recovery time, average output voltage
Vr =
2Vm
2 2 230
= 207.07 V
for f = 2500 Hz, the reduction in the average output voltage,
V0 =
Vr =
Vm
(1 cos trr )
2 230
180
6
1 cos 2 2500 40 10

= 19.77 V
percentage reduction in average output voltage =
19.77
100
207.07
= 9.55%
27. (b)
If number of pulses increases, output waveform becomes more uniform dc. The harmonic content will be
decreased.
28. (a)
When zero of the triangular wave coincides with zero of the reference sinusoid, there are (m 1) pulses per
half cycle.
i.e.,
fc
2f 1
(m 1)
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14
29. (a)
+
io
Va
Vc
ia
T1
T3
T5
L
o
a
d
ib
Vb
T4
T6
V0
T2
ic
vs
vb
va
vc
va
Vm
0
60
90
120
180
360
VA = Vm sint
Phase A will get maximum voltage at t = 90. At this instant
V0 = VA VB
V0 = Vm sint Vm sin(t 120)
= Vm Vm sin(30)
V0 = 1.5 Vm
[ t = 90]
30. (c)
Even harmonics are always zero for a halfwave symmetry waveform.
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CTEE16 | Power Electronics

(sin nd) (sin n / 2) (sin nt)

RMS value of fundamental component

sin 60 = 0.78 V = 0.78 V

RMS output voltage for single-phase full-bridge inverter

By dividing (1) with (2),

For a 1- half bridge inverter,

RMS harmonic voltage

Total harmonic distortion (THD)

CTEE16 | Power Electronics

The lowest harmonic is third harmonic.

DF of the third harmonic

) = 3.6 / 9 = 0.037 = 3.7%

Average output voltage

Let the battery emf is E and average charging current is I0 then,

Now, we have the relation for C for successful commutation as

= 0.816 500 = 408 V

Integrating on both sides,

= 97.6150 sin (942.47t)

CTEE16 | Power Electronics

Current distortion factor (CDF) =

according to the waveforms

312.236 = 540.189 cos

Arrange value of charging current,

CTEE16 | Power Electronics

the reduction in output voltage is given by cross hatched area.

with zero reverse recovery time, average output voltage

for f = 2500 Hz, the reduction in the average output voltage,

percentage reduction in average output voltage =

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