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READING &

LISTENING EXTRA

1
ADVANCED UNIT 1

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Do you keep in touch with people
via social media? If so, which media
do you use? Why?
2 Do you change your profile picture
very oen? If so, what makes you
change it? What kinds of photos do
you choose?
3 Are there any other online contexts
where you have a different identity?
(e.g. video game avatars) If so,
which? What is your avatar like?
Read the article about online
identities and answer the questions.
1 How do people project their identity
through social media?
2 What is different about the
identities people use in the gaming
world?
Read the article again. Underline the
correct alternative.
1 You can get a(n) detailed/incomplete
impression about a persons identity
from looking at their profile picture.
2 People who smile at the camera
usually/rarely want people to like
them.
3 Introverts choose images which
are mysterious/dont show their faces.
4 Its common to show professional/
childhood photos if you dont want
to be taken seriously.
5 When changing their profile
pictures, people sometimes feel/
dont often feel pressure to copy
each other.
6 Peoples identities in virtual worlds
are much more/less fantastic than on
social media.
7 These identities can provide you
with a lot of freedom. They are also
dangerous/a form of escape.
8 Peoples real identities can be far
more interesting/boring than their
invented ones.

Projecting
an online
identity
There are more than 2 billion users of
social media in the world. When you
check out the online profiles of these
people, the first thing you see is their profile picture and
cover photo. It gives you a first, albeit superficial, impression of
their identity or how they choose to project it online.
Extroverts and narcissists are easy to spot they are always gazing
directly at the camera or doing something daring like parachuting
or bungee-jumping. They are inclined to smile and look confident.
These are the kinds of people who post a lot of images of
themselves and expect lots of likes when they do!
Introverts, on the other hand, have a tendency to look away from
the camera in their profile pics. They may post another kind
of image altogether perhaps a landscape or something that
conjures up a particular mood, or their pet. This distracts the
attention away from them and onto something that they like.
Those who are a little more light-hearted might show a photo
of themselves when they were a cute four-year-old, and that
might encourage their friends to follow suit, and share their own
childhood pics. On work-oriented social media sites on the other
hand, its more common to see professional-looking photos. For
example, having bookshelves in the background of your photo can
make you look learned and intelligent.
Of course, there are other reasons why people change their profile
pictures: in response to a particular piece of news, or to show
support for a cause or solidarity for a certain group of people.
If many people do this at once, people can feel peer pressure to
do the same another example of sharing in the online world.
But its not just on social media that people project an online
identity. This issue is even more pronounced in the gaming
community. The avatars that gamers use are often far more
removed from their real selves and represent a fantasy image of
someone they dream of being. Due to the nature of the games
themselves, peoples chosen avatars often perform a role in a
virtual world like Second Life. Many avatars can walk and talk but
also fly or be reborn their creation can push the boundaries of
our imaginations. This represents an opportunity for people to take
on a whole new identity, to play a new role in their imagined life.
It is a form of escapism, but it can also be incredibly liberating.
The only problem is that these virtual identities can take over your
life, leading some people to neglect their real-world obligations
and friendships. Perhaps this is the danger of developing a
new identity online that the real world is just too boring in
comparison!

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

1
4

Find the verbs and verb phrases 18 in the article.


Match them with their meanings a)h). Which two
verbs/verb phrases collocate with an identity?
1 check out
2 spot
3 gaze
4 conjure up
5 follow suit
6 project
7 take on
8 take over
a) identify
b) adopt
c) bring a feeling to mind
d) control
e) get information about someone/something
f) do what someone else has done
g) try to make other people have a particular idea
about you
h) look in a particular direction for a long time

5
6

Work in groups and discuss. Is the article right


about online identities or does it take the issue too
seriously? Explain your answers.

The adjectives in the box are from the recording.


Match the adjectives with their meanings 18.
upbeat melancholic optimistic enigmatic
solitary insecure confident
A person who
1 likes to be alone is
.
2 is mysterious and difficult to understand
.
is
3 is not very confident about himself/herself
.
is
4 is full of energy and enthusiasm is
.
5 is prone to being sad is
6 believes in his/her own abilities is
7 is hopeful about the future and thinks good
.
things will happen is

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Do you agree that it is easy to project a different
identity of yourself online?
2 Do you think this can be dangerous or is it just a
bit of fun?
3 What other kinds of identity do you think people
project in different contexts?

1.1 Listen to three people talking about the


identities they project on social media. Match the
people 13 with the facts a)c).
1 Leandra
2 Boris
3 Carol
a) likes to share the good things in life.
b) changes his/her profile photo all the time.
c) had a profile picture which did not reflect his/her
real personality.

Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?


Leandra
1 She chose a photograph which gave the
impression that she was more attractive than she
really is.
2 She doesnt regret projecting an untrue image of
herself.
Boris
3 He changed his profile photo for no particular
reason.
4 He wanted people to be curious about him.
Carol
5 She likes to tell people when she is happy or sad.
6 She feels that the images she posts express her
true identity.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

2
ADVANCED UNIT 2

Work in pairs and discuss. Use the ideas below.


1 If you want to find some information about a
particular topic, what do you do?
2 What do you think most people do?
3 What dont people do very oen anymore?
Go to a library to do some research.
Watch an online lecture.
Look it up on Wikipedia or another online
encyclopedia.
Do a Google search and follow the links.
Ask somebody you know for advice.
Attend a conference by an expert in the field.
Read the article about accessing opinions and facts
in the digital age. How would the writer of the
article answer question 1 in Exercise 1?

Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T)


or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 Nowadays, people are used to getting what they
want when they want it.
2 The information we find online is always
trustworthy and accessible.
3 Problems arise because information is too easy
to obtain.
4 The kind of information we find is different
but the way we receive it has not changed
dramatically.
5 It is not necessarily a good thing that people
watch serious talks about education.
6 With technologys help we can take in complex
information more easily.
7 When it comes to obtaining information,
attending events and conferences is something
long forgotten.

EDITORIAL

An online world of information

Many people argue that all this is a natural consequence of


the digital age. It is a more democratic age: we can write and
upload our own content and share it happily with others.
But generally, online writers dumb down the ideas they
write about. All that information is there at our fingertips,
but its expressed in shorter, simpler ways and, worse, its
possibly inaccurate.
We not only have greater access to information it is
also delivered in ways that previously would have seemed
inconceivable. In the past if you had wanted to find some
academic knowledge, you would have needed to attend a
lecture by an expert in the field. Now, websites like TED,
Big Think and 99 Percent provide online access to
thought-provoking talks on all manner of subjects. The
most viewed talk by Sir Ken Robinson, called Do schools
kill creativity?, has been viewed over 36.5 million times.
That many views of an academic talk on education surely is
worth celebrating.

The digital age is one of instant gratification. The situation


may be familiar to you: youre having coffee or dinner with
some friends when somebody asks a general knowledge
question. Nobody knows the answer but at least one person
gets their smartphone out ready to find it. Where do we go
for that info? Chances are it will be a random Google search
or a check on Wikipedia. Triumphantly, they provide you
with the answer. Its information which you dont argue
with and then instantly forget its ephemeral.
The internet seems to be the most popular place to find
information these days and its not hard to see why it is all
just a click away. But, couldnt that also be why problems
arise? After all, how do we know that the information we
read is correct? What is the original source of these facts?
And do we really understand the difference between opinion
and fact?

Does this mean we can trust the internet for opinions, but
not so much for facts? That might be a rather simplistic
argument, but I think there is some truth in it. Online
lectures are a good example. Its also true to say that
complex ideas can be made more accessible and dynamic
via video. For example, the RSA (the Royal Society of Arts)
has a number of online animated lectures, including one on
kinetic typography. As the lecturers speak, words and
images expressing their ideas pop up on the screen making
the ideas easier to assimilate. It makes academic
information more fun!
All this doesnt mean that the digital age has turned us into
hermits watching everything online. In fact, people attend
conferences more than ever before to watch experts deliver
their words of wisdom live. Perhaps so much time online
means we crave that human contact. Whatever the reason,
we now have more choice than ever before about where to
go for our information. We just have to remember to be
critical in our appreciation of it!

Pearson Education Limited 2016

2
4

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
Look at the words and phrases in bold in the text
and try to guess what they mean. Then complete
the sentences 110 with the correct form of the
words/phrases.
1 A problem has arisen with your booking. I cant
find your details online. When did you book
the room?
2 She became
and shut
herself away, but thats when she produced her
finest work.
3 The jury were given
evidence about the case and the accused was
convicted of a crime he didnt commit.
4 A lot of the information on social media is
. You dont remember any of
it the next day.
films to
5 One of the most
come out this year, it could be a candidate for
an Oscar.
a favourite
6 When youre
food, like some chocolate, its difficult to resist
the urge.
7 That video was too fast for me
everything. Can I watch
it again?
8 Travelling around the globe like we do today
years ago.
would have been
Now we take it for granted.
9 The audience didnt know much about the
some of the
subject so I
more complex ideas.
10 When youre online, information keeps
all the time. It can be very
distracting.
Work in pairs and discuss.
1 Do you agree with what the article says about
online information? Why/Why not?
2 What do you think the writer means in the last line
of the article?
3 Can you think of any ideas or opinions that you
have accessed online recently and that you would
recommend?
4 How did you access that information?

2.1 Listen to two people talking about


watching public speakers online. In their opinion,
what are five ingredients that can contribute to a
great talk?
1
2
3
4
5

Listen again. Underline the correct alternative.


1 David knows most/only one of the online
lecture sites.
2 Beth says that you have to be stupid/brave not to
use slides in a lecture.
3 The problem with slides is that they are really
boring to watch/a barrier between the speaker and
the audience.
4 The two kinds of talks that Beth likes are actually
opposites/very similar.
5 The format you choose to give the talk depends/
shouldnt depend on the subject matter.
6 Some of the best talks are shorter/longer than the
18-minute average.
The words and phrases in the box are from the
recording. Complete the sentences 18 with the
correct word/phrase.
vividly it takes guts gripping in sync with
rely on cope with to get your message across
a whole range of
1
2

4
5
6

to speak in public. Id be
really scared to do that.
A good speech should include
emotions and be serious and
humorous at the same time.
You dont have to speak perfectly in another
language, the important thing is
.
remember watching Ken
I
Robinsons talk online for the first time.
to watch.
Some speakers are
Just like actors, you cant take your eyes off them.
a script
You should never
if you speak in public, you should always be
spontaneous.
A lot of speakers are great but they cant
questions from the audience
at the end because that part is unpredictable.
Timing is also important if you do use slides,
its a good idea for your speech to be
the visual material.

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Do you agree with Beths opinion about good
public speakers?
2 What other qualities are important for public
speaking, or what other advice would you give a
speaker?
3 Have you ever spoken in public? If so, what was
it like?

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

3
1

2
3

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 What is a World Heritage Site?
2 Do you know of any World
Heritage Sites in your country?
3 What kinds of places can be
World Heritage Sites?
places of natural beauty?
cities?
monuments?
4 Which country in the world do
you think has the most World
Heritage Sites? Why?
5 Think of five possible threats to
these sites.
Read the article about UNESCOs
World Heritage Sites and check
your answers in Exercise 1.
Read the article again. Underline
the correct alternative.
1 The World Heritage List consists
of sites mainly unknown/known
to most people in the world.
2 The writer believes that
UNESCOs criteria for sites
of natural beauty/cultural
significance are subjective.
3 The writer is surprised/not
surprised that the UKs Lake
District has not already been
selected as a World Heritage Site.
4 Threats to natural sites posed
by mining are a common
problem all over the world/
particularly in Africa.
5 The writer refers to places where
visitors to some sites have been
restricted/prohibited because of
damage.
6 The writer agrees/doesnt agree
that Italy should have the largest
number of World Heritage Sites.

4 A Match 18 with a)h) to make

collocations from the article.


1 success
a) damage
2 important
b) tourism
3 natural
c) significance
4 irreversible
d) story
5 tourist
e) factor
6 mass
f) destination
7 aesthetic
g) phenomenon
8 cultural
h) value

All you need to know about


World Heritage Sites
Did you know that there are now over 1000 World
Heritage Sites around the globe? These are places of
outstanding natural beauty or cultural significance,
which the international community has designated as
worth preserving and protecting.
These include Chinas celebrated Great Wall in the
cultural category, Tanzanias Serengeti National Park in
the nature category and Perus historic sanctuary of
Machu Picchu, which is actually an example of both.
However, most of the list consists of lesser-known sites,
which are equally unique and diverse, including the
historic city of Timbuktu in Mali and natural wonders
such the West Norwegian fjords.

TRAVEL

ADVANCED UNIT 3

How are these sites chosen? UNESCO bases its decisions


on ten criteria. As a masterpiece of human creative
genius which represents an historical age, its easy to
see why sites like the Pyramids of Egypt are on the list,
but for natural wonders, potential sites must contain
superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional
natural beauty and aesthetic value. That begins to
sound a little more subjective. Hence there is some
debate about those sites which get included on the
nature list and those which dont. A good example is the
UKs Lake District which, despite being unspoilt, highly
picturesque and a major tourist destination, has against
the odds, still not been selected. A campaign is now
underway for the Lake District to be included in the future.

Worryingly, 48 sites on the World Heritage List are currently considered


at serious risk. For sites of natural beauty, climate change, natural
disasters, environmental accidents, erosion and pollution all contribute
to this risk. Recently, mining and oil exploration, as well as dam-building,
have caused irreversible damage, especially in Africa.
For sites of cultural significance, mass tourism can be a problem,
especially at the more famous destinations. For example, visitors to
the Alhambra in Granada, Spain, are now limited and large groups can
no longer visit because of damage to the site. In some parts of the
world, looting and vandalism can also be a big issue at sites which dont
employ sufficient security guards or other forms of protection. Wars
and conflicts can be an important factor in the lack of protection
offered at such sites.
Although such threats are worrying, there have been success stories
too. The ancient site of Delphi in Greece was recently added to the list
after plans to build an aluminium plant nearby were abandoned. The
magnificent temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia have now been
safeguarded and the Whale Sanctuary in El Vizcano Bay in Mexico has
also recently been saved after threats such as oil drilling, development
and tourism were averted.
So, if you want to check out a number of World Heritage Sites, which
country should you go to? Thats easy! It turns out that Italy is the
number one country with a grand total of 51 sites on the List, including
the cities of Venice, Florence and Siena. Its not hard to see why.
Theres almost a masterpiece on every street corner!

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

3
B

5
6

Complete the sentences with the collocations in


Exercise 4A.
1 This initiative is a real success story because it has
helped protect so many sites around the world.
2
can damage many sites,
so the number of visitors is sometimes limited.
3 Australias Great Barrier Reef is a real
, it has a unique
ecosystem.
4 Many natural sites have unfortunately suffered
, oen because of mans
negligence.
5 Some sites have enormous
, like the Alhambra. It is
perhaps the most important monument in Spain .
of the Taj Mahal
6 The
is clear. It is real global icon and you can buy lots of
souvenirs featuring images of the site.
7 Not every World Heritage Site is a popular
. Most are not well known.
in preserving these
8 An
sites is protecting them from environmental damage.

The words in the box are from the recording.


Complete sentences 18 with the words in
the box.
milestone harmony masterpiece innovation
aesthetic landmark heritage highlight

If you could nominate a place in your country as a


World Heritage Site, which place or places would you
choose? Why would you choose them?

1 The Taj Mahal has a truly unique


:
a white marble mausoleum and a jewel of
Muslim art in India.
2 The Tower of London has become the citys
over the years. Its one of
Londons most famous icons, along with Big Ben.
3 Four hundred types of coral and 1500 species
in Australias
of fish live in
Great Barrier Reef the largest of its kind in
the world.
4 The whole city of Venice is an extraordinary
. Even the smallest
architectural
building contains extraordinary works of art.
5 The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is
amazing, with Mount Everest being the most
of course you cant
obvious
miss it!
6 The Silk Road network in China linked multiple
civilisations centuries ago and represents true
.
technical
of Salvador
7 The multicultural
de Baha in Brazil is evident when you walk
around its enchanting streets.
8 The Mezquita in Crdoba, Spain, represents
in Islamic architecture.
a/an

3.1 Listen to two people discussing two places in


the UK (the Lake District in the North of England and
The Forth Bridge in Scotland) that could be added to
the World Heritage List. Answer the questions
1 What is their opinion about sites of cultural value and
natural beauty in the UK?
2 What is their main argument in defence of their
chosen site?
Grasmere,
Lake District,
UK

Forth Bridge,
Scotland, UK

Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or


false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 Linda thinks that the UK has very few sites
already on the World Heritage List.
2 Gary believes that other countries have more
beautiful natural landscapes than the UK.
3 Linda prefers the Lake District to the bridge
because it is more meaningful to people.
4 Gary agrees that the whole of the Lake District
is beautiful.
5 Linda argues that the Lake District is pure and
unspoilt by man.
6 Gary says the bridge is a masterpiece of
engineering.
7 Linda is persuaded to change her mind at
the end.

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Do you agree with Linda or Garys point of
view? Why?
2 Has your opinion changed now about the sites
you would nominate for your country? If so, how?
3 Which of the World Heritage Sites in Exercise 8
would you most like to visit? Why?

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

4
ADVANCED UNIT 4

2
3

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 What do you know about food
issues? What do you know about
the topics below?
Organic food
Fair trade products
Farm-to-table restaurants
Slow food
2 Are these topics common/
widely discussed in your country?
Is the issue of food important in
your society?
Read the blog post and check your
answers to Exercise 1.
Read the blog post again.
Underline the correct alternative.
1 The author finds the prevalence
of organic foods in his
supermarket surprising/worrying.
2 He thinks it is important that we
ignore/try to understand these
food labels.
3 The organic labels work because
consumers feel better when they
buy organic food/think organic
food is better quality.
4 The author mistrusts the
Farm-to-table movement
because local food doesnt
always make sense/some places
dont maintain the correct
standards.
5 The Slow food movement
makes sense because it
teaches us about healthy eating/
is a good alternative to fast food.
6 Movements associated with
food waste are better because
they are more serious/
are not commercial.
7 There have been campaigns
about supermarkets throwing
away food before the sell-by date/
which doesnt have a perfect
appearance.
8 The author believes that the
French using le doggy bag is a
sensible/silly idea.

Posted 18:43

Its organic
so it must
be good!
One of the most important social issues today is maintaining a healthy diet.
Many of us lead an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and eat poorly, leading
to a higher incidence of heart disease and strokes. The food industry has
thus responded with attempts to make food look healthier but recently its
marketing has gone crazy! These days it seems impossible to go into a
supermarket without seeing food with organic stamped all over it. But why?
Eating a balanced diet is surely enough, does it have to be organic as well?
The same with restaurants do they all have to belong to the Farm-to-table
category?
Lets remind ourselves of what these terms really mean and why they have
such a hold over us foodies. For an avocado to be organic it is has to
have been grown without pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Many countries
require producers to obtain a certificate before they are allowed to state that
their food is organic. However, this doesnt stop supermarkets calling the
most unlikely foods organic without any proof of their origin on the packet.
The same goes for Fair trade coffee. How do we really know that those
producers in developing countries were paid a fair price for their work? What
most cynics think is that these labels are just an excuse to increase prices
people believe that the organic or fair trade option is always going to be
superior, and therefore accept that it is more expensive.
Now to the Farm-to-table movement. The idea that the whole process
of food production should be local harvesting, storage, processing,
packaging, sales and even consumption makes so much sense. Why
eat food that has been shipped or flown in from across the world? Its not
environmentally sound and it cant taste that good. Eating whats fresh and in
season is great but the big problem is that half of these restaurants dont fulfil
the movements original criteria. You happily tuck into your locally sourced
meal, but who knows if the standards applied were really that rigorous?
The same is not true of the Italian Slow food movement, the objectives of
which are clearly educational. For example, the movement warns us about the
risks of processed or convenience food, the drawbacks of factory farms.
It lobbies against government funding of genetic engineering and teaches
gardening skills to students and prisoners. The only problem, once again,
is that their label is used indiscriminately. My local burger joint is apparently
Slow food. Now, how that can be?
I generally have more time for movements which tackle the terrible problem
of food waste. Why? Because theres no logo to help sell it. Did you know
that in the UK we throw away 7.2 million tonnes of food and drink every year?
That costs the country 12 billion! But change is starting to happen. Celebrity
chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstalls campaign to cut this waste by encouraging
supermarkets not to throw away fruit and veg that dont look right has been
a great success. In France, new laws now oblige supermarkets to give away
unsold food that has reached its sell-by date, and even force restaurants
to provide containers for uneaten food or leftovers. So, we can all ask for
le doggy bag the next time we dine in France. Lets hope such changes
continue to gather pace in future.
Likes: 12

Comments: 3

Pearson Education Limited 2016

4
4

5
6

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in bold in
the blog post.
1 We never waste any food in my house, we always eat up all
the
.
like a ready meal
2 Sometimes well buy
if we dont have time to cook.
in a restaurant because
3 I never ask for a
I usually eat everything!
4 I dont like to buy imported fruit and vegetables, its always
.
better to eat food that is
.
5 My friends and I dont consider ourselves
Well eat almost anything!
. I try to eat a mixture of
6 I think I have a
things and its usually healthy stuff
a juicy
7 but occasionally I cant help but
burger!
8 I would hate to buy food that comes from
those poor animals!
Are the sentences in Exercise 4 true for you? If not, change them
so that they are.
Work in groups or pairs and discuss. What is your opinion of the
blog? Choose one option. Explain your reasons.
1 I agree in general, but its a little cynical. For example, some
organic food is really good.
2 I disagree. There isnt a lot of interest in these topics where I live.
The important thing is to eat well and thats it.
3 I agree we shouldnt be blinded by labels. Educating people
about what they eat is more important.

4.1 Listen to two people, Rachel and Charlie, discussing the


importance of eating well and answer the questions.
1 Why does Rachel believe that diet is important?
2 What can be done to help?
3 What does Charlie say in response to this?
Underline the correct alternative.
1 Charlie likes fast food and/doesnt like fast food but believes that
people should be allowed to eat it if they want.
2 Charlie believes that the health service is under pressure
because of the ageing population/poor standards.
3 Rachel believes that people need
more information about food/to eat less food.
4 Rachel says that fast food is just as unhealthy as always/may
have improved a little.
5 Charlie says that there are a few/plenty of people who eat
healthy food but still get ill.
6 Rachel believes that diet is the number one health issue/is one of
many important health issues out there.
7 She believes that there should be warnings on food similar to/
different from those found on cigarettes.
8 Charlie thinks she has a point but doesnt agree/disagrees with
everything she says.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

The words in the box are from


the recording. Complete the
sentences 18 with the words in
the box.
duty dictatorial patronising
self-esteem policymaker
stretched epidemic subsidise
1 If you tell people what to do and
dont listen to their opinion, youre
being
.
something, you
2 If you
contribute to its cost so more people
can benefit.
3 You can describe something as a/an
, meaning that it
is unpleasant and is increasing/
spreading rapidly.
4 If you describe an institution
, it is in trouble
as
because it lacks investment, people
and/or equipment.
, you
5 If you have a
have a legal or a moral obligation to
do something.
, you
6 If you have high
believe that you are important and
deserve to be treated as such.
is somebody who
7 A
has the authority to make new rules
or laws.
attitude,
8 If you have a
you behave towards someone
as if they were not important or
intelligent.

10 Work in pairs or small groups and

discuss.
1 Do you think diet is an important
social issue where you live?
Why/Why not?
2 Have peoples diets changed
recently? If so, why? What changes
have taken place?

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

5
ADVANCED UNIT 5

Work in pairs and discuss. What do you understand by


the term citizen journalists? Choose the best answers.
1 People who want to change the world by writing about it.
2 People who witness an event and report on it before the
conventional media get to the scene.
3 People who set up their own sites, blogs or radio
channels because they aspire to be journalists.
4 People who want to investigate a particular topic
because they wish to give it more exposure.
5 People who offer an alternative to official news sources
which may ban reporting about a particular topic.
Read the article about the rise of citizen journalism and
check your answers to Exercise 1. What else have you
learnt about the topic?

Opinion
You write the news

he way we receive the news


is changing fast. In the
old days, we would go to the
newsstand every morning and buy
a newspaper. Now you dont go
to find the news, the news comes
to you. For example, when the
singer David Bowie died, I found
out when my mobile beeped at 5
oclock in the morning. The device
woke me up to tell me because it
was a major news story. This is the
nature of breaking news you find
out as soon as something happens,
wherever you are and whatever
you are doing.
In the case of Bowies death, I
knew the information was genuine
as it was published by a verifiable
newspaper source. But imagine if
I had got the news in a message
from a friend or on a social media
update would I have believed it?
Thats an important question
because today people find out
about certain events before
professional journalists do. For
example, you happen to be
walking down the street when you
witness a fire, a road accident or
something more dramatic like an

erupting volcano. Youre there with


your mobile phone at the ready to
take a photo or video of the scene
as events happen. As you got there
first, you feel compelled to share
your pictures with everybody or
send them to your local newspaper.
Your image or story can then easily
go viral soon millions of people
could be looking at it. This is one
kind of citizen journalism its
entirely amateur and, importantly,
the reporting is fortuitous and
unplanned.
However, there are other kinds
of citizen journalists out there.
These are people who are deeply
concerned about a particular
(possibly local) issue. They may
feel that that the mainstream press
are not giving the topic enough or
the right kind of coverage. If, for
example, you set up a blog about
an issue that concerns you, you can
attract people who are on the same
wavelength as you, and possibly
offer a fresh angle. This allows a
news story to be investigated and
reported in a different way to that
of most professional journalists.
For example, in Spain, property
evictions have been launched
by banks and local councils, but
the mainstream media did not

Pearson Education Limited 2016

give the story much exposure.


Consequently, citizen journalists
began investigating the issue and
reporting on it. As a result, public
awareness of the issue has grown
incredibly as those evicted from
their homes could have their
voices heard.
Citizen journalists also play a vital
role at moments of political
uprising. For example, in some
countries official media may censor
reporting of protests or unrest
but the news can be leaked out
through social media. The fact that
politicians and people in the public
eye respond through the same
channel and use social media to air
their views is further evidence of
its power and reach.
So, is citizen journalism a good
thing for society? Well, its certainly
positive that the general public
can help contribute. It makes the
news more real and more honest
somehow. But, of course, the
general public cannot always be
trusted (just as some traditional
media cant). There is clearly space
for both. The important thing is to
be open-minded about the news
you receive, regardless of where it
comes from.

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

5
3

Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) or


false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 The writer describes breaking news as news which
you dont expect.
2 He believed the news about David Bowies death
because of the source.
3 Eye-witness reporting of news rarely comes about
by chance.
4 Citizen journalists can work together to investigate
a news story from a different perspective to that
of professional journalists.
5 Social media is primarily used by people who
normally dont have their voices heard.
6 The writer finishes by stating that citizen
journalism is the future of the news.
Match the words and phrases from the text 16
with their meanings a)f).
1 mainstream
2 be on the same wavelength
3 a fresh angle
4 exposure
5 be in the public eye
6 air ones views

1 He/She got financially rewarded for his/her work.


2 His/Her work was about something that had
concerned him/her for sometime.
3 He/She happened to be at the right place at the
right time.
4 His/Her work was among the first to be seen by
the world.
5 His/Her work was important because it altered
peoples viewpoints.
6 His/Her journalistic work was related to other
work he/she does.
7 He/She sent his/her work to the media.
8 His/Her work was discovered by the media.
9 He/She used his/her own initiative to get a
news story.

a) have a similar opinion


b) conventional/normal
c) a new or different perspective
d) give your opinion
e) public attention
f) be well known

5
6

Work in pairs. Think of a story that has been


published recently or that you remember well.
How could a citizen journalist have reported it
differently? Would it have improved it? If so, how?

5.1 Listen to three different people who have


been citizen journalists. What news did they report
in each case? How did they report it?
1

Listen again and match the speakers with facts


about their stories. There are three pieces of
information per person.
Melanie:
,
,
,
,
Roger:
,
,
Patricia:

Match 17 with a)f) to make collocations from


the recording. How many other collocations can
you make?
1 video
a) photographer
2 amateur
b) footage
3 exclusive
c) attitudes
4 biased
d) coverage
5 media
e) viral
6 go
f) misconception
7 common
g) story
Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.
1 Where do you get your news? (e.g. podcasts,
online, blogs, social media, newspaper media, etc.)
2 What do you think of citizen journalists? Do
you think they contribute to the ways news is
presented or not? Explain your reasons.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

6
ADVANCED UNIT 6

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Do you or does anyone you
know have a tattoo? What does
it show?
2 Are tattoos a current trend
where you live? How many
people have them?
3 What designs do people
have and what do you think
they signify?
Read the article. Choose the best
summary, a), b), c) or d).
a) Tattoos are the latest trend and
look unlikely ever to go out of
fashion.
b) Tattoos have had different
associations but these are
mostly negative.
c) Tattoos are classless and have no
special quality anymore.
d) Tattoos have become very trendy
but the opposite could be true
one day.
Read the article again. Underline
the correct alternative.
1 Nearly/Over a third of young
people are tattooed in Western
Europe.
2 Tattoos were once/
have always been linked to
working-class professions.
3 Tattoos are oen symbols
whose meaning most people/
only certain people can
understand.
4 According to the author, tattoos
have now become the exception/
the norm.
5 People can be motivated by/
directly copy the tattoos that
celebrities have.
6 The author understands/
doesnt understand why some
tattoos are in fashion.
7 Wanting to get rid of your
tattoos is becoming popular
everywhere/in some places.
8 Japanese people may wish to
remove their tattoos because
they are out of fashion/
dont have positive connotations
there.

Tattoos rule, but for how long?


If there is one trend that seems unstoppable, it is the habit of tattooing your body.
Amazing as it may sound, in Western Europe, twenty percent of adults have tattoos.
This rises to just under thirty percent for those between sixteen and forty-four. In the
UK, the number of tattoo parlours has tripled in the last decade. They number more
than 2000. In ten years time, half of young people may have been inked.
Tattoos were once associated with social class. Soldiers, sailors, bikers and criminals
traditionally sported tattoos and the link with prisoners or gang members was
particularly strong. Through the ages, tattoos have been regarded as indelible marks
of loyalty, devotion or love. Sometimes these marks were in code and difficult to
decipher for those not in the know. For example, by the late 1800s, ninety percent
of British navy personnel had tattoos. A turtle signified that you had crossed the
equator and a dragon that you had served in China.
In spite of this, tattoos did not always have an edge to them. At one time, they were
even popular with the aristocracy. As a prince, the future King George V of England
had a dragon tattooed on his arm when in Japan in 1882.
In the present day, tattoos seem to have lost any kind of stigma and it is difficult to
say with what social class they are more popular. You will find a tattoo parlour now
in most high streets and even shopping centres around the world. People record
all kinds of things on their bodies. They are often influenced by celebrities in their
choice of tattoo. For example, the trend for tattooing words in foreign characters is
said to have derived from the media exposure given to footballer David Beckhams
multiple examples of body art. Beckham has his wifes name Victoria tattooed in
Sanskrit, the words spiritual perfection in Latin, and a long Chinese proverb inked
down his side. In fact, he has a total of 40 different tattoos including multiple codes,
tributes, numbers and names all of which have a special significance for him.
So, whats trendy at the moment? After a quick glance at Pinterest, contemporary
designs seem to be arrows, the infinity logo, map coordinates, punctuation marks
(including &), origami symbols and, strangely enough, feathers.
Tattoos may now well be the cultural norm in the UK after all, the current British
prime ministers wife has one but in some countries, negative associations still hold
sway. Japan is one country which has seen a big rise in people wishing to remove
their tattoos.
I wonder how long will it be before the backlash begins here and well be doing the
same as in Japan? Perhaps tattoos will soon be pass and rejecting body art will be
the fashion. Is virgin skin going to be a new sign of rebellion? Only time will tell!

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
decipher in the know edge stigma derive hold sway
backlash pass
1 That design is so
this year, you shouldnt wear it.
.
2 Sometimes, the meaning of tattoos cannot be
Theyre really mysterious.
soon, tattoos cant be
3 I think there will be a
fashionable forever.
4 People are very impressionable, and what celebrities do can
.
sometimes
to her. Shes so cool.
5 That model has a real
6 To find a good tattoo artist, its best to speak to somebody
.
from the Polynesian word tatau,
7 The word tattoo
meaning correct.
to tattoos now, they are not strange or
8 There is no
exciting anymore but almost the norm.

Work in pairs or groups and discuss. Do you agree with the writers
opinion about tattoos? Do you think they will go out of fashion one
day? Did anything surprise you about the article? If so, what?

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

The words/phrases in the box are


from the recording. Complete the
sentences 18 with the correct form
of the words/phrases in the box.
cutting-edge pluck up the courage
take off have a yearning surpass
meaningful frowned upon
peer pressure

1 Ive never
to get
a tattoo but I feel different about body
piercing, I think thats great!
2 Tattoos used to be a trend that was
but now they are
accepted by most people.
3 A lot of people change their look
. They
because of
feel they have to follow what their
friends do.
4 The tattoo was better than I thought, it
all my expectations.
5 I think its good to have a tattoo that is
that reminds you
of something or someone important.
so much
6 Tattoos
lately that there are tattoo parlours
everywhere nowadays.
7 I wanted to have a tattoo when
I was a teen, but I didnt
to do it.
8 If I ever get a tattoo, Id like to get
design
a
something modern and different
to the rest.

6.1 Listen to six different people talking about tattoos


and complete the table.
Does he/she talk about
tattoos with reference
to the past, present or
future?

What tattoo does


he/she have or would
he/she like to have?

Daniel

past

Maori design

Linda

Richard

Barbara

Kurt

Tracy

10

Listen again and match the people 16 with the


information a)l).
1 Daniel
4 Barbara
,
5 Kurt
,
2 Linda
6 Tracy
,
3 Richard

,
,
,

a) His/Her tattoo doesnt really mean much to him/her.


b) He/She got his/her tattoo because of a celebrity.
c) He/She was influenced by friends and colleagues of a
similar age.
d) He/She plans to have tattoos that will be really different.
e) He/She had his/her tattoo removed.
f) He/She doesnt get to see his/her tattoo very oen.
g) His/Her tattoo is simple but very symbolic.
h) He/She would like his/her tattoo to make him/her feel good.
i) His/Her tattoo caused some controversy in the past.
j) He/She would like to have lots of tattoos all over his/her
body.
k) He/She doesnt think of his/her tattoo as something
fashionable at all.
l) He/She never dared to have a tattoo before.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

Work in pairs and discuss.


1 Which of the speakers in the recording
do you identify with, if any? Why?
2 Would you like to have a tattoo more
or less now? Has your opinion about
tattoos changed? If so, how?

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

7
ADVANCED UNIT 7

2
3

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 Look at the images and the title of the
article about Bhutan. What do you think
Gross National Happiness means?
2 Why do you think people choose to go
to Bhutan?
3 What kinds of tourists do you think go
there? Why?

Bhutan:
Gross
National
Happiness

Read the article and check your answers


in Exercise 1. Why is Bhutan unique?
Read the article again. Circle the correct
answer.
1 From the beginning, Bhutan
a) prohibited large groups of tourists
visiting together.
b) insisted that travellers visit in
organised groups.
c) did not allow travellers to come on
their own.
2 This and other policies have meant that
a) very few people have visited the
country.
b) the country has attracted mainly
prosperous travellers.
c) the country has become too exclusive.
3 According to the writer, modernisation
a) has not affected the peoples lifestyle
that much.
b) has made major changes to the
Bhutanese way of life.
c) has gone too far and transformed the
country.
4 The writers attitude to Gross Domestic
Happiness is
a) positive because its such a
refreshing concept.
b) negative because its not believable.
c) positive but with some minor
reservations.
5 Generally speaking, the writer believes
that Bhutan
a) is genuinely different.
b) is artificially different for tourists.
c) is not that different from other
countries in the region.
6 The writers final point is that travellers
a) will have an unforgettable and
unique experience in Bhutan.
b) will enjoy it so much that they will
not want to leave Bhutan.
c) will reflect on their lives aer
experiencing Bhutan.

Bhutan is a place to really unwind from the stresses and strains of daily
life. It has obvious attractions: wonderful Himalayan trekking, ancient
Buddhist monasteries, vibrant markets and dance festivals. It has
splendid scenery and exotic wildlife, too, but the country is unique in
other more unexpected ways for example, in its attitude to tourism.
Until the early seventies, Bhutan did not allow any foreign travellers.
When the country did finally open its borders, it did so in a very
cautious fashion. From the start, travellers were required to get visas
and book with an authorised tour operator. Independent travel in
Bhutan is still not permitted and tourists have to pay a daily fee of
$250 in high season keeping the country a backpacker-free zone.
Together with the countrys inherent mystique, these policies have
deliberately cultivated Bhutans reputation as an exclusive destination,
a haven for the rich in a very poor part of the world.
Insisting on high-budget, low-impact tourism is all part of Bhutans
sustainable development policy. By law, at least 60 percent of the
land must remain forested for future generations. It was also the
first country to ban smoking and plastic bags. Although the countrys
infrastructure has been transformed and modernisation is clearly in full
swing, peoples daily lives have not been that affected. There are more
than 60,000 motor vehicles now but there are still no traffic lights!
When it opened up to tourism, the Bhutanese government also
struck on a concept that could not fail to attract visitors. The country
announced to the world that it measures its progress not by the
conventional idea of Gross Domestic Product but by Gross National
Happiness meaning that the country is one of the few places in the
world where compassion is favoured over capitalism and well-being
over productivity.
Perhaps this is all something of an illusion. The country has witnessed
more change in the last sixty years than in the previous four hundred,
but you wouldnt necessarily know that. The need to cultivate the
exotic and remain unique for foreign travellers means that the
population has to abide by some pretty rigorous laws. For example,
the government demands that women wear the traditional kira, a
Bhutanese kimono; and men the gho, a long robe; in schools and public
offices and on formal occasions.
However, Bhutans cultural identity is so influenced by its populations
Buddhist beliefs that you can quickly overlook these impositions.
The place and its inhabitants do seem truly different, particularly the
peoples childlike charm, their deep respect for religious practitioners
and for the sacred environment that surrounds them.
It is perhaps this sense of difference more than anything else that gives
travellers to Bhutan a real feeling of freedom not just from their
routine but from Western ideals and concepts that govern their lives
back home. What seemed important may suddenly seem irrelevant.
A visit here could make you return with a different vision of the earth
and how best to live your life on it.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

7
4

Complete the sentences with the correct form of


the words in the box.

illusion vision cultivate haven overlook


charm compassion well-being

bliss strenuous acclimatise packed


cleansing off the beaten track play it by ear
pressed for time

1 Many Himalayan countries are a


for
trekkers and mountaineers.
2 On holiday, its normal to focus on the good things
anything bad.
and
3 You might return from your holiday to Bhutan
of how your life
with a different
could be.
4 Your first impression of a country can sometimes
, you can sometimes get it
be an
wrong.
5 To attract more visitors, the country is
a more exclusive image.
6 When they are on holiday, many people
.
experience a feeling of
7 The Bhutanese governments policies aim to show
for people, they really care about
peoples health and happiness.
8 The country retains much of its traditional
its like going back in time.

5
6

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss. Aer


reading the text, what is your impression of
Bhutan? Would you like to visit the country more
or less? Why?

7.1 Listen to a conversation between two


people, Joe and Helen, who have just been on
holiday in Bhutan. Which of them had a positive/
negative experience? Why? Give two reasons to
support each opinion.
Joe:

The words and phrases in the box are from the


recording. Replace the words in italics in 18 with
the words and phrases in the box.

1 I love the idea of adventure holidays but I try to


avoid doing things which are too tiring
.
2 I like travelling to places which are away from the
, its far
main tourist sites
more relaxing.
3 I think its important when you arrive in a new
place to get used to the new surroundings
.
4 I dont like to have a tight schedule when
travelling, its much better to improvise
.
5 For me, not doing anything at all on holiday is
!
wonderful
6 I love winding down and relaxing when I can
meditation and yoga can be very purifying
.
7 I hate going to really touristy places which are full
.
of people
8 When I travel, I like to get everywhere early
.
I dont like to be rushed

Work in pairs or small groups. Look at the sentences


in Exercise 8. Which do you agree or disagree with?
Why? Use some of the expressions to describe what
would be your ideal holiday experience.

Helen:

Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?


Correct the false sentences.
1 Joe and the people on his tour had health
problems in Bhutan.
2 The one thing that Joe liked was visiting the
capital city.
3 Joe didnt like the fact that the country was only
set up for wealthy visitors.
4 Helen didnt really speak to other travellers.
5 The weather was sometimes bad which spoiled
her trip a little.
6 She loved her trip because she did not feel in a
rush.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

8
ADVANCED UNIT 8

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 How good are you at measuring time?
2 How do you separate work time from leisure time?
3 Does your perception of time change depending
on your mood?
Read the article about our perception of time.
Choose the best summary of the article.
1 Perception of time is complex but connected with
our feelings.
2 Our time perception is linked with age and memory.
3 We each perceive time very differently, so it is
impossible to analyse.

HOW TIME FLIES


As we get older, our perception of time changes.
However, our perception of time is probably most
altered by our emotional state. If you are stressed at
work or anxious for any reason, youll probably feel
that you have less time on your hands.
When faced by this pressure of time, we tend to
multi-task we try to do many things simultaneously.
Due to our current state of permanent connectedness,
we can in fact do almost everything from the comfort
of our sofas make an appointment at the doctors,
rush off a few work emails, do some online shopping.
By doing this, we feel we are making better use of our
time, but are we actually doing the opposite simply
exacerbating the feeling of time pressure? Surely the
digital age has made all this worse by blurring the
difference between work and play?
This common illusion is an example of how complex
it is to perceive time accurately. Apart from sensations
such as jetlag, when our inner body clock clearly has
been severely disrupted, it is hard to pinpoint why
we perceive time in different ways. People who take
yoga or meditation classes claim that their sense of
relaxation is due to a feeling of time slowing down.
The same would appear to occur when we immerse
ourselves in reading a novel or even when stroking
a pet. We are relaxed and actions seem to take place
lightly and effortlessly.
On the other hand, consider the last time you
saw a fast-moving film full of action-packed
distractions. You probably felt that time was
moving very fast. This is particularly true with
scary movies fear can distort time to an
incredible extent, speeding up time judgements
as our pupils dilate, our pulse rate soars and
our blood pressure increases.

Read the article again and underline the correct


alternative.
1 That multi-tasking does us good is an illusion
because we actually achieve less/feel more under
pressure.
2 The author feels that work and leisure time are
still/no longer separate concepts in most peoples
brains.
3 Jetlag is an example of a sensation which we
dont understand at all/understand quite well.
4 When we feel fear, we sense time as passing more
slowly/quickly.
5 People with ADHD get excited/bored more easily.
6 The writers conclusion is that perception of time
is highly confusing/deeply personal.

Likewise, we all know that when we are not enjoying


ourselves our perception of time goes the other way.
Imagine youre stuck in a meeting that is dull and
boring time appears to slow to a snails pace. In
contrast, for football fans, Saturdays big match seems
to fly by. And how many people on Sunday night have
that feeling of Where did the weekend go?
Brain disorders can, of course, also determine
how we perceive time. People with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have trouble
distinguishing different lengths of time, which may
explain why they cannot concentrate for long and
need constant stimulation to remain engaged.
Studying time perception may be complex, but
scientists seem to have discovered that we each live in
our own personal time zone, which is dependent on
the world each of us experiences. Perhaps this explains
why some of us like to arrive at the gate ten minutes
before our plane leaves and others two hours!
So, on the next occasion youre late for work, you
could justifiably say to your boss that you actually
arrived with time to spare, you were just stuck in your
own time zone!

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

8
4

Complete the sentences with the correct form


of the verbs in the box.

tend exacerbate blur pinpoint


immerse yourself stroke distort distinguish
1 I like to
in reading a good book or
watching a great film.
2 Im freelance, so I oen find it hard to
between leisure and work time.
my
3 When Im stressed, I love
pet cat, Felix. Time slows down and I feel
instantly better.
stress,
4 Multi-tasking only
I think. Doing everything at the same time is not
the answer!
5 This film plays with your perception of time, and
the line between reality and
it
fantasy.
to wear
6 I have a mobile phone but I
a watch too because its easier to tell the time.
how hard it is to
7 The article
measure our perception of time.
8 When I arrived I didnt know what time it was,
nor the day: Jetlag can really
everything.

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 Do you agree with the article about how we
perceive time?
2 Which of the situations described in the article do
you identify with, if any?
3 Do you think you judge time well? Why/Why not?
Give examples.

a) He/She believes that his/her example may be one


that is felt by others.
b) He/She thinks that his/her anecdote could be
his/her own personal problem.
c) He/She talks about an event which happens rarely.
d) His/Her perception of time can vary a great deal
when doing the same action.
e) He/She refers to a sense of timelessness.
f) How he/she feels may prompt a sense of losing
track of time.
g) He/She refers to something that could alleviate
his/her problem.
h) His/Her context is related to a stressful situation.
i) His/Her anecdote is strongly associated with the
effect of the weather.
j) He/She refers to a particular moment when
he/she judged the time wrong.

Lucy

Times goes

Taking a long time to get


off a plane

slowly

1 If youre not able to keep still because of boredom


or anxiety, you feel
.
2 If youre extremely tired and have no energy, you
.
have a feeling of
time, you feel really happy
3 If you
because you are doing something that you like.
, its because something is
4 If time
continuing for longer than it should.
, youre full of energy and
5 If you feel
really excited about something.
of time, you no longer know
6 If you
what time it is.
, youre unable to leave
7 If youre
your house on your own because of illness or
disability.
around the house, you do
8 If you
things slowly and in an enjoyable way.

Christian
Rachel
Sandra
Kathryn

The words in the box are from the recording.


Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the words in the box.
restless treasure exhilarated drag on
exhaustion housebound potter lose track

8.1 Listen to five people talking about how


differently they perceive time. What context do
they talk about? Does time go quickly, slowly or
both for them? Complete the table.
Context

Listen again. Match the speakers 15 with the facts


a)j). There are two facts per person.
1 Lucy
,
,
2 Christian
,
3 Rachel
,
4 Sandra
,
5 Kathryn

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 Which of the people in the recording do you
identify with? Why?
2 When does time pass particularly quickly or slowly
for you? Give examples.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

9
ADVANCED UNIT 9

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 What icons traditionally symbolise your
country or culture?
2 Do you think these icons truly represent
where you live, or are they simply
stereotypical? Why/Why not?
3 What alternative icons can you think of?

Read the article about cultural icons of the UK. Which is the
best summary of the article?
1 Apart from buildings, food and people, most people in the
UK dont argue about the icons which represent their country.
2 The choice of icons in the UK has always been sexist and it
seems like it will continue that way.
3 There is some controversy in the UK about choosing icons
that truly represent the country, but progress is being made.

IS IT ICONIC?
Recently, the English were asked
to vote on which icons represented
their country. The results proved
quite controversial. For some
things, like food and drink, there
was no debate whatsoever: cup of
tea and sandwich went to the top
of the list. These were considered
quintessential English symbols,
despite the fact that they almost
certainly have been replaced in the
high street by their Italian
equivalents the cappuccino and
the panini. However, there was
some debate about the nations
favourite dish. Fish and chips
now seems to have been replaced
by the chicken tikka masala an
example of an arrival from another
nation, in this case India. The
latter has been heralded as an
important icon specifically for that
reason it symbolises the
extraordinary melting pot that is
the UK today, a country with one
of the highest immigrant
populations in the world.
Some people objected to the red
double-decker bus, the black cab
and the tube map because they
said these represent a strong bias
towards the capital. There was a
strong feeling that modern
examples should also be used.
Why always include Big Ben
(London again!) when you could
equally choose Sir Anthony
Gormleys striking contemporary
sculpture Angel of the North, found
in the far north of the country? At
20 metres tall and over 50 metres
wide, Gormleys work was a very
popular choice, probably because
its monumental appearance
already feels iconic. However, very

few people really know what it


symbolizes. The concept behind
the sculpture is threefold to
honour the coal miners who used
to work nearby, to express the
transition from an industrial to an
information age and to serve as a
focus for our future hopes and
fears. An icon that looks to the
future and not the past now that
is a step forward!
The same controversy also applies
to the choice of representative
people. If you were British, who
would you prefer to represent the
country? Recently, there has been
a great debate about who appears
on the nations banknotes.
Campaigners have been canvassing
for more female representation, as
well as the inclusion of people that
the population really felt stood for
something important. Its about
time the country did away with
putting ex-governors of the Bank
of England on their banknotes,
they say!

Pearson Education Limited 2016

Until recently, apart from the


Queen herself, the only women to
appear on the UKs money were
the prison and social reformers
Elizabeth Fry and Florence
Nightingale. The others were all
men the naturalist Charles
Darwin, the economist Adam
Smith and the inventor James
Watt. In the last fifty years, of the
eighteen people to appear on
banknotes, only two have been
women. For this reason, the fact
that the novelist Jane Austen will
appear on the new 10 banknote
(replacing Darwin) has been seen
as an enormous victory.
But there is some way to go, it
seems. The new British passport,
which purports to be a celebration
of UK success in innovation,
architecture, art and performance,
features only two women against
seven men and Shakespeare
appears on every page. The
debate and controversy will no
doubt continue for some time.

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

9
3

Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Correct the false sentences.
1 The author implies that the British drink more coffee than tea
these days.
2 The popularity of chicken tikka masala is a symptom of Britains
multicultural identity.
3 A lot of icons are popular only with Londoners.
4 The Angel of the North is a popular icon but people interpret
it wrongly.
5 The author believes that the Angel of the North transmits a
positive message.
6 Campaigners are only interested in seeing more women
represented on banknotes, stamps, etc.
7 The inclusion of Jane Austen on the 10 banknote is great but
more needs to be done in terms of female representation.

a) Perhaps another icon is rivaling


this one.
b) Another version of the icon was
created for a specific reason.
c) The powerful thing about the icon is
its versatility.
d) It sums up what the USA is all about.
e) Its a very powerful image with an
inspiring message.
f) Its the most familiar symbol of the
USA around the world.
g) The imitations of the icon do not
matter.
h) The icon could not have been an
easy thing to create.
i) It was created only a few decades ago.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in


the box.
quintessential herald melting pot object to bias canvass
stand for purport
1 I really
the British governments decision to put
mainly male figures on banknotes. I dont agree at all.
2 Its important to include people on stamps and banknotes
something important, who represent
who really
important values.
British
3 I would agree that the cup of tea is a
symbol its the perfect example of Britishness.
of different cultures and
4 London today is a real
races. I think its great.
5 Some people say that the British icons show a
towards London. An example is the black cab.
6 If you praise something in a very expressive way, you
it.
7 When people want you to vote for a particular candidate, they
your support by, for example, knocking on your
door.
to be a celebration of everything
8 The festival
British, at least that is its intention.

Work in pairs or groups and discuss.


1 What do you think of the British icons described in the article?
2 Which of them had you heard of before?
3 Which others do you think you could add?

6A

9.1 Listen to three people talking about their favourite


American icons and complete the table.

Glenda

Favourite icon

Year created

Barack Obama campaign poster

2009

Peter
Patricia

What three things do the icons they mention have in common?

Pearson Education Limited 2016

Listen again and match the facts a)i)


to the different peoples icons. There
are three facts per person.
1 Glenda
,
,
,
,
2 Peter
,
,
3 Patricia

Underline the correct alternative.


1 The Coke bottle is a highly
recognisable/compelling image.
Almost everybody is familiar with it.
2 The I NY logo stands for/conveys a
happy, fun image that people want
to have on their clothes.
3 The Pepsi logo is not as accessible/
eye-catching as the Coke one it
doesnt attract your attention as much.
4 All these logos have inspired
countless/curious imitations, but this
is all part of becoming an icon.
5 The Obama poster features a
long-shot/close-up of his head and
shoulders.
6 Even if you cant actually see these
images, I think they must be easy for
you to encapsulate/visualise.
7 Iconic images really represent/
capture peoples imagination.
8 Although they seem related
to marketing, all these images
epitomise/resonate the USA in some
way or another.
Work in pairs or groups. Look at the
questions in Exercise 1 again. Have you
changed your mind about the icons
that represent your country? Think of
new icons that could convey something
different about where you live and
perhaps challenge stereotypes.

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA

10
ADVANCED UNIT 10

Work in pairs or small groups and discuss.


1 Do you drive or cycle? Which do you prefer? Why?
If not, why dont you travel this way? If so, where
do you like driving/cycling?
2 Are there any well-known or dangerous roads in
your country? Why are they well known?
Read the article about the craziest/most dangerous
roads in the world and answer the questions.
1 What is the main difficulty of each of the roads?
2 Which roads goes in a downhill direction, which
uphill and which neither?
3 What kind of scenery would you expect to see
on each?
Read the article again. Match the roads 13 with
the facts a)i). There are three facts per road.
1 Yungas Road, Bolivia
,
,
,
,
2 Stelvio Pass, Italy
3 Trans-Sahara Highway,
,
,
Northern Africa
a) It is technically very difficult to drive.
b) There are many fatalities every year.
c) You need to make special preparations before
tackling the journey.
d) It is worth it when you reach the top.
e) There could be some issues when crossing from
one country to another.
f) The road is not entirely finished.
g) It has become a major tourist attraction.
h) It hosts an important competition.
i) The views on the road change incredibly fast.

Underline the correct alternative.


1 Any road can be panoramic/perilous, you always
have to be careful when you drive.
2 Some weather conditions can really harm/hamper
your progress on the road.
3 The landscapes are really breathtaking/hair-raising
but dont stop to look at them or you could fall!
4 The road is really dangerous because its never
straight, it zigzags/straightens continuously.
5 The history of the road is really interesting, it
dates back/stretches to World War I.
6 If you undertake/overtake this road, youll need to
be especially prepared.
7 The road is particularly barren/unsealed, there is
nothing to see except the flat land and the horizon.
8 The reward/rock fall of a great view at the end of a
journey always makes it worthwhile.
Work in pairs or small groups and discuss. Which of
these roads would you like/not like to travel on? Why?

AT YOUR
OWN RISK
Yungas Road, Bolivia

This is the worlds most dangerous road. Its


nickname is Camino de la Muerte (Road of Death)
for a reason it claims more than 200 lives per year.
Starting in Bolivias capital, La Paz, it ascends to a
height of 4650 metres before dropping 3000 metres
to Coroico, in the tropical Yungas region. The landscape
thus changes very fast as the road winds its way over
steep hillsides of lush greenery and round rocky outcrops.
The road could not be more perilous it has no rails and is
only about 3.2 metres wide. Rain and fog can hamper
visibility and there are loose rocks in many places. Yet,
despite all this, the breathtaking scenery and its potential
danger has attracted an increasing number of tourists,
mostly mountain bikers. This is also due to the fact that
there is an amazing stretch of downhill riding, around
50km long. Every year thousands embark on this crazy
adventure. Just think carefully before you join them!
Stelvio Pass, Italy

The British motoring programme Top Gear called this the


greatest driving road in the world. The Stelvio Pass has
48 never-ending hairpin turns that zigzag through the Alps,
making this a real challenge for any driver. Overtaking is
strictly prohibited here! The roads construction dates back
to the 1820s and its design has changed very little since
then. Before the end of World War I, it formed the border
between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy. Today,
it connects the Italian region of Lombardy with Austria.
Apart from cars, in high season scores of cyclists and
motorcyclists struggle to ride this highest stretch of road
in the Eastern Alps. Italys top cycling competition, the
Giro dItalia, often crosses it. Dont let the astonishing
Alpine views break your concentration the panorama
gets increasingly beautiful as you ascend youll need all
your wits about you to drive this successfully. The reward
comes when you get to the top and can experience
great skiing on the Stelvio glacier at an elevation of
2750 metres. Enjoy!
Trans-Sahara Highway, Northern Africa

Most roads are dangerous because of heights but some


are frightening for other reasons. This highways risks
actually are significantly greater than the two mountain
passes above. Here, the danger lies in the roads extreme
length (over 4500km), the fact that only 85 percent of
it is paved and the number of potentially complicated
border crossings. The highway links the capitals of Algeria
and Nigeria Algiers and Abuja and crosses the whole
of Niger via the city of Agadez. The barren landscape and
desert barely change for days on this road. Still want to do
it? Before you set off, youll need a special 4x4 adapted
for the desert climate, at least two spare tyres and plenty
of fuel and water supplies. Sandstorms and temperatures
of up to 50C can be a major problem, with sand blocking
parts of the route. So why undertake such a journey?
For the incredible peace and quiet that youll experience
and the thrill of taking a journey of really epic proportions.

Pearson Education Limited 2016

10

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
8

The words/phrases in the box are


from the recording. Match the
words/phrases in the box with their
meanings 18.
understatement blast
appeal to somebody thrilling
nickname adrenalin rush
harrowing hairpin bend
1
2
3

10.1 Listen to two people, Robert and Sharon, talking about


travelling on the roads in the article. Answer the questions.
1 Which of the roads is Sharons favourite?
2 Which other road not in the article do they talk about?
3 Why does Robert mention this road in the first place?
Listen again and circle the correct answer.
1 Why doesnt Robert like the idea of travelling on these roads?
a) He is not an adventurous person.
b) He doesnt like heights.
c) He doesnt like driving or cycling.
2 Why does Sharon prefer the Bolivian route?
a) She considers it the most dangerous.
b) She loves mountain-biking and its the best route for that.
c) She believes the landscape is really varied and different.
3 Why does Robert prefer the idea of walking?
a) Otherwise, you cant really enjoy the views because you are
going too fast.
b) Hes not fit enough to cycle.
c) Its much safer to walk, there is less risk of accidents.
4 Sharon believes that the Trans-Sahara Highway must be
a) really boring because the landscape doesnt change.
b) an amazing challenge for anyone who likes epic journeys.
c) an endurance test for people and therefore not very enjoyable.
5 What does Robert add when describing the history of the
Romanian road?
a) It was a crazy idea of the Romanian leader Ceausescu.
b) Many people died building the road.
c) Historically, its more interesting than the Italian road.
6 How does the conversation end?
a) Robert and Sharon agree to disagree.
b) They generally agree, except about the Romanian road.
c) They both agree not to go anywhere for the moment.
Pearson Education Limited 2016

: a very sharp
turn in a road that forms a u-shape
: extremely
upsetting or frightening
: to damage or
destroy something with explosives
or bombs
: a sudden
feeling of excitement from an
increase in a chemical released by
your body
: to attract or
interest somebody
: an informal/
friendly term for somebody or
something
: a way of
saying something that makes it
seem less important or serious
: extremely
exciting

Work in pairs or small groups and


discuss. Describe a long journey that
you have done by car, bicycle or on
foot but dont mention any place
names. Talk about the ideas below.
Once you have described it, can your
classmates guess where the trip
took place?
How long was the trip?
How did you feel during it?
Was it tiring or not?
What landscape(s) did you see?
Would you recommend it?

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
ADVANCED
ANSWER KEY
UNIT 1

1 via their profile picture and cover photo


2 identities in the gaming world are
more about fantasy

1 incomplete 2 usually
3 dont show their faces 4 childhood
5 sometimes feel 6 more
7 a form of escape 8 boring

1e 2a 3h 4c 5f 6g 7b 8d
two verb/verb phrases that collocate with
an identity: project, take on

1c

2b

3a

1 True
2 False She says it was a big mistake.
3 False He changes his profile photos
depending on his mood.
4 True
5 False only when she is happy
6 True

1 solitary 2 enigmatic 3 insecure


4 upbeat 5 melancholic 6 confident
7 optimistic

UNIT 2

The writer would say points 3, 4 and to a


lesser extent, 6.

1 True
2 False Information is easily accessible
but is possibly inaccurate.
3 True
4 False it is also delivered in ways that
would have seemed inconceivable
5 False that many views of an academic
talk on education surely is a fact worth
celebrating
6 True
7 False people attend conferences
more than ever before

2 a hermit 3 inaccurate 4 ephemeral


5 thought-provoking 6 craving
7 to assimilate 8 inconceivable
9 dumbed down 10 popping up

6
1
2
3
4
5

1 only one
2 brave
3 a barrier between the speaker and the
audience
4 opposites
5 depends
6 shorter

1 Linda believes that there should be


more sites of natural beauty on the
UKs list of World Heritage Sites. Gary
believes that the balance is right
and that it is natural that the list is
dominated by sites of cultural value.
2 Lindas main argument is that the Lake
District means a lot to people, that
its beautiful landscape is an excellent
example of the perfect harmony
between man and nature.
Garys main argument is that the Forth
Bridge is a masterpiece, a unique feat
of engineering and design which you
cant find anywhere else.

Dont use slides.


Talk should be like a compelling story.
Use a gripping video.
Keep the length short.
Transmit emotion, relive the story as
you tell it.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

It takes guts
a whole range of
to get your message across
vividly
gripping
rely on
cope with
in sync with

2 Possible answers:
the inclusion of humour, have a clear
focused message, have a good rapport
with the public (be relaxed from the
start), use pauses for effect and to give
you time to think, move around when
youre speaking, etc.

1 False She thinks that twenty-nine is


a lot.
2 True
3 True
4 False He says that some parts of the
Lake District are not that beautiful.
5 False She says that mans intervention
is the key element, that man has made
it more beautiful.
6 True
7 False She will still vote for the Lake
District.

1 aesthetic 2 landmark 3 harmony


4 masterpiece 5 highlight 6 innovation
7 heritage 8 milestone

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

1 a place of outstanding natural beauty/


cultural significance that is worthy of
protection/preservation
3 Places of natural beauty, cities and
monuments can all be World Heritage
Sites.
4 Italy has most World Heritage Sites.
5 Threats include mass tourism,
vandalism, climate change, pollution,
natural disasters, wars and conflicts, etc.

1 unknown 2 natural beauty 3 surprised


4 particularly in Africa 5 restricted
6 agrees

4A

1d 2e

3g

4a

5f

6b

7h

4B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Mass tourism
natural phenomenon
irreversible damage
cultural significance
aesthetic value
tourist destination
important factor
Pearson Education Limited 2016

8c

Organic food: food grown without


pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Fair trade products: food that has been
produced in developing countries but for
which local workers have been paid a fair
price
Farm-to-table restaurants: restaurants
which believe that the whole process
of food production should be local
harvesting, storage, processing, packaging,
sales and consumption
Slow food: educational movement which
promotes local food that is in season and
warns about the risks affecting the food
industry, e.g. factory farms, processed
food, genetically modified foods, etc.

3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

surprising
try to understand
think organic food is better quality
some places dont maintain the correct
standards
teaches us about healthy eating
are not commercial
which doesnt have a perfect appearance
sensible

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
4

1 leovers 2 convenience food


3 doggy bag 4 in season 5 foodies
6 balanced diet 7 tuck into
8 factory farms

(Sample answers)
1 Rachel believes that diet is important
because: 1) our health is worsening
as a result of poor diets, 2) this
means the health system is put under
pressure because more people require
treatment.
2 To help the situation: 1) labels can be
placed on food warning of their risks
(like tobacco), 2) healthy food can be
subsidised by the government
3 He believes that people should be
able to eat what they like and that the
cost to society of unhealthy eating is
exaggerated. Plenty of people who eat
well get ill.

8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

doesnt like fast food but


the ageing population
more information about food
may have improved a little
plenty of
is the number one health issue
similar to
thinks she a point but doesnt agree

1 dictatorial 2 subsidise 3 epidemic


4 stretched 5 duty 6 self-esteem
7 policymaker 8 patronising

UNIT 5
Sentences 2, 4 and 5 accurately describe
the term citizen journalists.

1 False Breaking news is news that you


get the moment it happens.
2 True
3 False Eye-witness reports frequently
come about by chance (you happen to
be walking )
4 True
5 False The article says that many
well-known people use social media.
6 False The writer says that there is
room for both professional and citizen
journalists.
1b 2a

UNIT 7

1 earthquake and tsunami in Chile: she


videoed it and sent the video to a TV
channel
2 train drivers strike: he took a photo and
posted it online. It was later published
in a national newspaper.
3 an attack on a homeless man: she
wrote a blog about it

Melanie: 3, 4, 7
Roger: 1, 8, 9
Patricia: 2, 5, 6

1b 2a 3g 4c 5d 6e 7f
Other collocations include: video story,
video coverage, amateur footage, amateur
coverage, exclusive footage, exclusive
coverage, biased photographer, biased
footage, biased coverage, biased story,
common attitudes, common story

UNIT 6

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Nearly
were once
only certain people
the norm
can be motivated by
doesnt understand
in some places
dont have positive connotations

What tattoo does


he/she have or would
he/she like to have?
Maori design

Daniel

past

Linda

future

Richard

present

4e

5f 6d

3a

4c

5a

6c

1 haven 2 overlook 3 vision


5 cultivating 6 well-being
7 compassion 8 charm

4 illusion

Barbara

past

Kurt

present

Tracy

future

dragon
feather
heart and name
cutting-edge design

10

4 b, i

1 strenuous 2 off the beaten track


3 acclimatise 4 play it by ear 5 bliss
6 cleansing 7 packed
8 pressed for time

UNIT 8

star

5 g, k

6 d, j

8
3c

2b

Does he/she talk about


tattoos with reference
to the past, present or
future?

2 h, l 3 a, f

1c

1 False Only Joe had health problems.


2 True
3 False He says that the country is very
popular and has become less exclusive.
4 True
5 False The weather was sometimes
bad but that didnt spoil her trip.
6 True

1 c, e

1 pass 2 deciphered 3 backlash


4 hold sway 5 edge 6 in the know
7 derives/is derived 8 stigma

1 Gross National Happiness is the Bhutan


governments way of measuring their
progress as a country. Progress is
measured according to the peoples
happiness and well-being rather than
economic profit or productivity.
2 to do trekking, to visit monasteries/
markets/festivals, to take time out, to
enjoy a different way of life
3 Relatively wealthy tourists, no
backpackers. Bhutan is unique
because of its Buddhist culture and
its sustainable development policies,
including its attitude to tourism.

Joe had a negative experience because


1) he felt sick due to the altitude, 2) it was
crowded
Helen had a positive experience because
1) she had such a sense of freedom there,
2) she went to places that are rarely visited

1 had a yearning 2 frowned upon


3 peer pressure 4 surpassed
5 meaningful 6 have taken off
7 pluck up the courage 8 cutting-edge

Pearson Education Limited 2016

2
3

1 feel more under pressure 2 no longer


3 understand quite well 4 quickly
5 bored 6 deeply personal

1 immerse myself 2 distinguish


3 stroking/to stroke 4 exacerbates
5 blurs 6 tend 7 pinpoints 8 distort

READING &
LISTENING EXTRA
6

UNIT 10
Context

Times goes

Taking a long time to get


off a plane

slowly

watching Radiohead/
favourite band live in
concert

quickly

Rachel

exercise/running

both

Boris

being stuck in the house

slowly

Kathryn

spending time at the


beach

quickly

Lucy
Christian

1 b, h

2 c, j

3 d, f

4 a, g

5 e, i

1 restless 2 exhaustion 3 treasure


4 drags on 5 exhilarated 6 lose track
7 housebound 8 potter

Bolivia: difficulty: very narrow and steep,


no barriers, bad weather
direction: downhill
scenery: great variety of landscapes,
mountains and tropical green forests
Italy: difficulty: lots of bends, technically
difficult to drive
direction: uphill
scenery: snowy mountains and valleys
North Africa: difficulty: length and fragile
state of road, bad weather
direction: largely flat (neither uphill or
downhill)
scenery: desert landscape

1 b, g, i

2 a, h, d

3 f, e, c

UNIT 9

1 perilous 2 hamper 3 breathtaking


4 zigzags 5 dates back 6 undertake
7 barren 8 reward

2
3

1 True
2 True
3 False A lot of icons have been
criticised for favouring London.
4 False People like it but dont interpret
or understand it all.
5 True
6 False They are also interested in
seeing people who actually stand for/
represent something important.
7 True

1 object to 2 stand for 3 quintessential


4 melting pot 5 bias 6 herald
7 canvass 8 purports

1 Sharons favourite is the Bolivia one.


2 The other road they talk about is one in
the Carpathian mountains in Romania.
3 Robert mentions that road because
he says that a TV programme Top Gear
claimed it was the best road to drive
on in the world (not the Italian road
mentioned).

1b 2c

3a

4a

5b

6c

1 hairpin bend 2 harrowing


3 blast 4 adrenalin rush
5 appeal to somebody 6 nickname
7 understatement 8 thrilling

6A
Favourite icon
Glenda Barack Obama campaign
poster
Peter

Coca-Cola bottle

Patricia I NY

Year created
2009
1915
1977

6B

They are all related to marketing and


advertising, they were all created to
transmit a message, they have all been
imitated.

1 e, g, h

2 a, d, f

3 c, i, b

1 recognisable 2 conveys
3 eye-catching 4 countless 5 close-up
6 visualise 7 capture 8 epitomise

Pearson Education Limited 2016

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