plate earthing and ring earthing materials shall be supplied by tower suppliers.

Earth conductor should not be encircled with metal clamps while taking it along the wall. This is
essential to eliminate the high inductive reactance that will impede the flow of surge current

along the conductor in case of lightning.

Earthing conductor shall not pass through any metallic conduit or pipe as this will increase

surge impedance.
BASED ON STRUCTURAL ACTION: Telecom towers range in height from 30 to 300 meters or
more. Free standing masts should not exceed 150m in height. Structures above 30m in height
may only be installed with a clearance certificate issued by the Nigeria Airspace Management
Authority (NAMA). No masts or towers (irrespective of the height) may be installed within 15km
of any airport without prior approval and a permit from NAMA. A permit must be obtained from
the Nigerian Communications Commission if height exceeds 20m.
a. SELF SUPPORTING TOWERS: free-standing lattice structures. Though the weight of
these towers is more they require less base area and are suitable in many situations. A
self-supporting tower is a free-standing tower with three or four legs connected by a
latticework of braces. Self-supporting towers can either utilize a single foundation
supporting all of the tower legs or individual foundations below each leg.
b. GUYED TOWERS: cable stabilized tower with a central mast (stabilized by tethered wires).
guys typically extend in three directions from the mast and extend to the ground where the
guys are anchored i.e. guyed in three directions. require separate foundations for the mast
and each guy anchor. much lighter than self-supporting type but require a large free space
to anchor guy wires. require large anchor blocks to hold the ropes; As a general rule, guys
should be planted in three directions at 120 o apart from each other. The distance from the
base of the tower to the guy anchor base should be one quarter of the height of the tower.
c. MONOPOLE towers or Post Masts are simple, single mast, hollow steel pipe towers;
utilizes a single foundation at its base. Usually single self-supporting pole, used when
number of antennae required is less or height of tower required is less than 9m; consist of
tapered steel tubes that fit over each other to form a stable pole; can be guyed or self-

supported. made from galvanised hollow steel pipes or high strength steel
BASED ON THE TYPE OF MATERIAL SECTIONS :
Based on the sections used for fabrication, towers are classified into angular and hybrid
towers (with tubular and angle bracings). Lattice towers are usually made of bolted angles.
BASED ON CROSS SECTION OF TOWER: