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CASE Expression in SQL

The CASE statement is popularly known as CASE Expression, allows the user to execute a part of SQL statement
conditionally. In SQL, CASE statement is used for storing the procedure or formula of a particular column. The
CASE expression can be classied into two types namely:

Simple CASE Statement

Searched CASE Statement

Basic Syntax for Simple CASE Statement

CASE inp_exp1 /* It is just your column name */
WHEN condi_exp1 THEN reslt_exp1
[WHEN condi_exp2 THEN reslt_exp2]
[ELSE reslt_exp]
END

Dierence Between Inner and Outer Join

Joins in SQL table are used to combine the data present in two
dierent tables and display the result in a single table. The table
which displays the result of join is temporary; the resultant table will
be based on the comparison of columns between the tables. The
eectiveness of joins are based on the Continue reading
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How CASE Expression Work in SQL?

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How CASE Expression Work in SQL?

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In our CASE expression syntax, the WHEN conditional statement will be evaluated only if input_exp is similar to
condi_exp. If the condi_exp is returned similar to the input_exp then the analogous result_exp will be executed. If
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one WHEN condition is executed then other conditions
will notSTUDENTS+
be executed. In
other words,
in CASE
expressionMORE
a >>
condition which matches rst will be executed.

What happens when conditions are not matched in CASE expression?

If conditions mentioned in WHEN condition are not matched with CASE expression then the expression mentioned
in the ELSE condition will be displayed. If ELSE statement is not used then NULL value will be returned.

Simple CASE Expression

In simple CASE statement, a selector expression will be evaluated and will be matched against one or more WHEN
condition. The basic syntax for simple CASE expression is given below.
CASE selector
WHEN cond1
THEN result1;
WHEN cond2
THEN result2;
ELSE
result3;
END CASE

Searched CASE Expression

Searched CASE expression does not have any selector expression and will attempt to match against more than one
WHEN condition. The basic syntax for searched CASE expression is given below.
CASE
WHEN condition1 THEN
O/p 1; //Output 1
WHEN condition2 THEN
O/p 2; //Output 2
ELSE
O/p 3; //Output 3
END CASE;
Related: SQL & .NET Interview questions and Answers

Applications of CASE Expressions

CASE expressions can be applied in any place where scalar expressions are allowed. Scalar expressions like WHERE
and HAVING clauses present in a SELECT statement are also allowed. CASE expressions are popularly used to nd
Stored procedures, View and Formula of particular column.

Example for CASE Expression

Consider the following code as an example, in the code given below when the player_id is matched with barce_id
then the corresponding player name will be listed as output. If the player_id and barce_id are not matched then
ELSE condition will be used and not_a_barce_playerz will be displayed as an output.

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SELECT playerz_id,
CASE Barce_id
WHEN 1 THEN Iniessta

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WHEN 2 THEN Messsi

ELSE not_a_barce_playerz
END
FROM teamm_roster;
The above code can be re-written without expression clause. The rewritten SQL code without expression clause in
CASE statement is given below.
SELECT playerz_id,
CASE
WHEN Barce_id = 1 THEN Iniessta
WHEN Barce_id = 2 THEN Messsi
ELSE not_a_barce_playerz
END
FROM teamm_roster;
It is not mandatory to use ELSE condition in CASE expression because the ELSE condition will not be utilized when
the conditional expression is matched with result expression. If expressions did not match then NULL will be
returned as output. The SQL codes for our example without ELSE statement is given below.
SELECT playerz_id,
CASE Barce_id
WHEN 1 THEN Iniessta
WHEN 2 THEN Messsi
END
FROM contacts;
Read: More Interview Questions
Use of CASE Expression in Table Column Formula
When table design mode is created, properties of each column with several property values like default column
value and identity column value are set. The data manipulation program for the table can be customized by the user.
The following SQL code can be used to create column formula for a table.
// This is an SQL CASE pucca statement
(case [Code] when (01) then Place1_01 when (02) then Place2_02 _
when(03) then Place3_03 when(04) then Place4_04 when(05) _

then Place5_05 when (06) then Place6_06 when (07) then Place7_07 _
when(08) then Place8_08 when(09) then Place9_09 else Vacant end)

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CASE Expressions are also used in viewing an object present in a table. To view the object in a table, scalar
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expressions like WHERE and HAVING clauses used along with SELECT statement is used in CASE expression.

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