c235 1tB PDF

IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986
(Reaffirmed 1998)
Edition 1.1
(1999-08)
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

PVC PIPES FOR POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
UDC 621.643.2 [678.743.22] : 628.1 : 620.1
BIS 2003
BUREAU
OF INDIAN
STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002
Price Group 8
IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD
IS : 12235 METHODS
WATER SUPPLIES
OF
TEST
FOR
UNPLASTICIZED
PVC
PIPES
FOR
POTABLE
Part 1
Measurement of Outside Diameter
Part 2
Measurement of Wall Thickness
Part 3
Test for Opacity
Part 4
Determining the Detrimental Effect on the Composition of Water
Part 5
Reversion Test
Part 6
Stress Relief Test
10
Part 7
Resistance to Sulphuric Acid
11
Part 8
Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Test
12
Part 9
Impact Strength at 0C
13
Part 10 Method for Determination of Organotin as Tin Aqueous Solution
15
Part 11 Extractability of Cadmium and Mercury Occurring as Impurities
17
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986
Indian Standard

0.
FOREWORD
has been done by basing Part 11 on the
following International publication.
0.1 This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 11) was

adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on
20 August 1986, after the draft finalized by the
Sanitary Appliances and Water Fittings
Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.
ISO/DIS 6992 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride

(PVC) pipes for drinking water supply
Extractability of cadmium and mercury
occurring as impurities, issued by International
Organization for Standardization.
0.2 This standard has been formulated to

specify methods of test for evaluating physical
and mechanical properties of unplasticized
PVC pipes for potable water supplies. The first
ten parts of this standard were earlier included
in IS : 4985-1988*. For the sake of convenience
as well as for keeping them up to date, these
test methods have been separated from
IS : 4985. Part 11 is newly added method of
test.
0.4 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment

No. 1 (August 1999). Side bar indicates
modification of the text as the result of
incorporation of the amendment.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a
particular requirement of this standard is
complied with, the final value, observed or
calculated, expressing the result of a test or
analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should
be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
0.3 In formulating this standard due weightage

has been given to international co-ordination
among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it
to the practices in the field in this country. This
*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

water supplies ( second revision ).
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
IS : 12235 (Part 1) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 1
MEASUREMENT OF OUTSIDE DIAMETER

2.5 Expression of the Result Round off
the reading or calculate the mean outside
diameter to the next higher 0.1 mm.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 1) covers the method
for measurement of outside diameter of
unplasticized
PVC
pipes
manufactured
according to IS : 4985-1988*.
NOTE The measurement of diameters less than or

equivalent to 40 mm may be obtained from the average
of 4 uniformly distributed measurements of diameters
using vernier calipers. For higher diameters up to
110 mm pitapes or vernier calipers shall be used, taking
the average of two measurements at right angle.
2. MEAN OUTSIDE DIAMETER

2.1 Required Precision The precision
required in each measurement is 0.1 mm.
3. OUTSIDE DIAMETER AT ANY POINT
2.2 Principle The determination of the

circumference of the pipe and division by
3.142 .
3.1 Required Precision The precision

required in each measurement is 0.05 mm.
2.2.1 A Pitape with an accuracy of at least

0.05 mm shall be used for the direct
measurement of the mean outside diameter.
3.2 Principle Determination of the

maximum and minimum outside diameters of
cross-section, several outside diameters being
measured until maximum and minimum values
are found.
2.3 Measuring apparatus shall be an ordinary

flexible tape or flexible tape suitably calibrated
to read diameters directly. This tape shall
comply with the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of stainless steel or some
other suitable material,
b) It shall permit the reading to the nearest
0.05 mm,
c) It shall be graduated in such a way that
neither its own thickness nor the
thickness of the graduation has any
influence
on
the
result
of
the
measurement, and
d) It shall have sufficient flexibility to
conform exactly to the circumference of
the pipe.
3.3 Measuring Apparatus Slide calipers

permitting a reading to the nearest 0.05 mm.
3.4 Procedure Place the fixed jaw of the
slide calipers on one side of the pipe and the
moving jaw on the other side, perpendicular to
the axis of the pipe, and move the calipers
along until both jaws make a clean contact with
the surface of the pipe. Take the reading after
checking that the instrument is in correct
position in relation to the pipe. Take
measurement around the same cross-section,
turning the calipers in the plane of this section
until the maximum and minimum values are
obtained.
3.5 Expression of the Results Round off
the reading to the next higher 0.1 mm and note
the readings of the largest and the smallest
values measured for the same cross-section.
2.4 Procedure Apply the tape on the whole

of the circumference perpendicular to the axis
of the pipe. The reading shall be taken only
under these conditions.

IS : 12235 (Part 2) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 2
MEASUREMENT OF WALL THICKNESS

d) The surface of the fixed and movable
contact points shall be made of hard steel.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 2) covers the method of
measurement of wall thickness of unplasticised
plastic pipes manufactured in accordance with
IS : 4985-1988*.
2.1.1.3 Procedure After introducing the fixed

contact point inside and perpendicular to the
axis of the pipe and applying it without force on
to the internal surface of the wall, free the
plunger and seek a position for the apparatus
which provides the lowest reading.
2. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
2.1 The wall thickness shall be measured by
any of the two methods given in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.
2.1.1 Dial Gauge Method
2.1.1.4 Expression of the result Round off the

lowest reading so obtained to the nearest
0.1 mm.
2.1.1.1 Required precision The precision

required in each measurement of wall
thickness is 0.05 mm.
2.1.2 Micrometer Method
2.1.1.2 Measurement apparatus The wall

thickness shall be measured with a dial gauge
complying with the following measurements:
a) It shall permit a reading up to 0.01 mm,
b) It shall be equipped with a fixed rod
forming a rigid unit with the apparatus,
c) The extremity of the plunger (movable
contact point) shall be hemispherical in
shape with a radius of approximately
1.0 mm, and
2.1.2.1 The precision in each measurement of

wall thickness is 0.05 mm.
2.1.2.2 Measuring apparatus The wall
thickness shall be measured with a ball-ended
micrometer permitting a reading to the
accuracy of 0.01 mm.
2.1.2.3 Expression of the result Round off the
reading obtained to the nearest 0.1 mm.

IS : 12235 (Part 3) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 3
TEST FOR OPACITY

standard lenses that give an absorption
percentage of about 0.2 percent; and
d) Check the alignment of the installation.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 3) specifies a method
for the determination of the opacity of plastics
pipes and fittings.
2.4.2 Measurement
1.2 It lays down the maximum acceptable limit

for light which may pass through the wall of
the pipe or fitting, if the particular standard
specifies that they be opaque.
2. TEST METHOD 1
2.4.2.1 Adjust the apparatus to obtain a

maximum reading, carefully arranging the
light sensor in such a way that it receives the
maximum light flux and record the maximum
deviation DM.
2.1 Principle Measurement of the light flux

passing through a test piece cut from a pipe of
fitting.
2.4.2.2 Place the test piece on the support and

position the whole ensuring that the test piece
is centred and perpendicular to the light beam.
2.2 Apparatus The

comprise the following.
2.4.2.3 Read the indicated maximum deviation

( D ) produced by the light beam. This deviation
corresponds to the light flux which has passed
through the wall of the test piece.
apparatus
shall
2.2.1 Adjustable power arc or incandescent

lamp, the intensity of light of which is constant
to 1 percent. When an arc lamp is used, a
suitable filter shall be provided to limit the
spectrum to 0.40 to 0.50 mm.
2.5 Calculation and Expression of Results

Calculate the percentage of light which has
passed through the wall of the test piece using
the formula:
2.2.2 Diaphragm and optical lenses; adjusted to

obtain a parallel and symmetrical incident
beams. The diaphragm shall be circular.
D - 100
-------DM
2.2.3 Support, arranged so that it maintains

the surface of the test piece to be examined
perpendicular to the optical axis and at a fixed
distance from the diaphragm of the cell.
where
D = maximum deviation produced by the
light flux from the source which has
passed through the wall of the test
piece, and
2.2.4 Photoelectric cell, used such that the

response of the reading or recording apparatus
is a linear and uniform function of the light
intensity, from a maximum incidence I0 up to
at least 0.01 I0.
DM = maximum deflection produced directly

by the light from the source.
2.3 Test Pieces Take section of convenient

length from the pipe or a sample of suitable
dimensions and the original thickness from the
wall of the fitting.
2.6 Test Report The test report shall

indicate the percentage of light that passed
through the wall of the test piece and whether
or not the result complies with the requirement
specified in 3.
2.4 Procedure
3. SPECIFICATION
2.4.1 Calibration
a) Check that the equipment indicators are
at zero, in the absence of light. Ensure
that the photoelectric cell is protected
from incident daylight;
b) Check that the indicators reach 100
percent, in the light emitted by the
luminous source in the absence of the test
piece;
c) Check the precision of the reading using
3.1 If the particular standard specifies that the

pipe or fittings shall be opaque, the percentage
of light which passes the wall of the pipe or the
fittings, determined according to 2 of this
standard, shall not exceed 0.2 percent.
4. TEST METHOD 2
4.1 Apparatus
4.1.1 The following are the apparatus required:
a) Source of light (Halogen Lamp 1 000 W),
6
IS : 12235 (Part 3) - 1986

4.2.2 Place the test piece on the photo-electric
cell in such a manner that one wall is touching
the photo cell surface between the light source
and the cell (distance between source and from
cell remaining constant).
b) Photo-electric cell (with filter correction to

match eye response), and
c) Digital current meter.
4.2 Procedure
4.2.3 Read on the spot light galvanometer the

maximum deflection produced by the light flux
of the source. The deflection corresponds to the
light flux passing through the wall of the test
piece.
4.2.1 The light source and photo-electric cell

shall be set up at a distance to get maximum
reading in the galvanometer in the absence of
sample and also in the absence of day light.
Connect the galvanometer to the photoelectric
cell and the maximum deflection produced by
the light flux of the source falling on the
photo-electric cell shall be noted.
4.2.4 The second deflection expressed as a

percentage of the first shall give the measure of
visible light transmitted.
IS : 12235 (Part 4) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 4
DETERMINING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON

THE COMPOSITION OF WATER
made solution shall be used for each series of
tests ( see 2.1.6 ).
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 4) covers the methods
of test for determining the deterimental effect
on the composition of water flowing through
plastic pipes manufactured according to
IS : 4985-1988*.
2.1.3 Close the other end of each pipe.

2.1.4 Maintain the pipes and contents at room
temperature for 48 hours, then empty the
water into suitable containers and retain for
analysis. This is the sample for lead
determination (first extraction).
2. PROCEDURE
2.1 Three pieces of pipe, as received, each of a
length to contain when stoppered not less than
the quantity of extractant required for
subsequent analysis, are plugged at one end
with a stopper of polyethylene (or some other
non-interfering material), fitted with a glass
cock and clamped to a stand with open end
upwards. Tap water is poured into the pipes
until it overflows slightly. Then the cock shall
be opened just sufficiently for a velocity of
3 m/min to be maintained inside the pipe. The
pipe shall be kept continuously filled with
water. After a period of 6 hours, the
pre-washing is discontinued, the stopper
removed and the interior of the pipe rinsed out
with
a
little
distilled
water
( see
IS : 1070-1977 ) to remove any remnants of
tap water. During pre-washing (but not
subsequently), the pipe sample may be fitted
with a non-interfering core so as to reduce the
quantity of washing water required, provided
the water velocity of 3 m/min is maintained.
2.1.5 Refill the pipes with the standard solution

as in 2.1.2, close and allow to stand as above for
48 hours. Empty and reject the solution. Refill
and repeat for a further 48 hours and retain
this third sample of solution for analysis. This
is the sample for analysis for lead (third
extraction), tin and any other toxic substances.
2.1.6 The water containing the desired quantity
of carbon dioxide may conveniently be prepared
by saturating a large bulk of water with carbon
dioxide, determining the carbon dioxide content
by a standard method such as that given in
IS : 3025-1964* (with suitable adjustment of
quantities) and then mixing with the calculated
quantity of carbon dioxide free water.
2.1.7 The metals present shall now be
determined. Determine the contents of lead and
organotin by the methods described in
IS : 3025-1964* and Part 10/Sec 1 and Sec 2
respectively or by any other suitable method.
The arithmetic average of the triplicate
determinations shall be reported in milligrams
per litre of the standard solution.
2.1.1 After the test pieces have been cleaned as

described above, close one end of each sample
tightly with a material that does not contain
any toxic substances and also does not interfere
with the determination of such constituents in
the aqueous samples.
2.2 Assessment of Results
2.1.2 Fill each pipe with distilled water ( see

IS : 1070-1977 ) containing added carbonic
acid equivalent to 150 mg CO2/litre. A freshly
2.2.1 The specimens, when tested as above,

shall meet the requirements given in 6.3 of
IS : 4985-1988.

Specification for water for general laboratory use
( second revision ).
*Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical)

for water used in industry.
Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable
IS : 12235 (Part 5) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 5
REVERSION TEST
c) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
14.1 mm 60 minutes.
1. SCOPE
test for reversion test performed on
unplasticized
PVC
pipes
manufactured
After the specified immersion period, the

specimen shall be removed from the bath, laid
on its side and allowed to cool to room
temperature. The distance between the two
scribed marks shall be measured along the
surface of the pipe and the percentage change
in length calculated.
2. GENERAL
2.1 This test may be carried out either in an air
oven or alternatively in a bath of ethylene
glycol, glycerol or mineral oil free from
aromatic hydrocarbons.
4. OVEN METHOD
2.2 Form of Test Specimen The test

specimen shall consist of a length of pipe
200 20 mm long. Two circumferential marks
shall be scribed on the test specimen 100 mm
apart and in such a way that one of these
marks is approximately 15 mm from one end of
the specimen.
4.1 Apparatus An electrically heated air

oven with circulating fan, the whole interior of
which is maintained automatically at a
temperature of 150 2C.
4.2 Procedure The specimen shall be
placed in the oven and the time measured from
the moment at which the oven regains a
temperature of 150C. The test specimens shall
be kept in the oven for a time determined as
follows:
a) For pipe of wall thickness not greater than
8.6 mm 60 minutes,
b) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
8.6 mm but not greater than 14.1 mm
120 minutes, and
c) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
14.1 mm 140 minutes.
3. IMMERSION METHOD
3.1 Apparatus The apparatus shall consist
of a thermostatically controlled bath in which
heat transfer medium is ethylene glycol,
glycerol or mineral oil free from aromatic
hydrocarbons. The bath is stirred continuously
and maintained automatically at a temperature
of 150 2C.
3.2 Procedure The test specimen shall be
suspended in the heat transfer medium by the
end farther from the scribed marks in such a
way that both scribed marks are completely
immersed. Care shall be taken to ensure that
the specimen does not touch the sides or bottom
of the bath. The test specimen shall be
immersed in the bath for a time determined as
follows:
a) For pipe of wall thickness not greater than
8.6 mm 15 minutes,
b) For pipe of wall thickness greater than
8.6 mm but not greater than 14.1 mm
30 minutes, and
5.1 The specimen, when tested as above, shall

meet the requirements given in 6.4 of IS : 49851988*.


After the specified period, the specimen shall be

removed from the oven, laid on its side and
allowed to cool to room temperature. The
distance between the two scribed marks shall
be measured along the surface of the pipe and
the percentage change in length calculated.
5. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS
IS : 12235 (Part 6) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 6
STRESS RELIEF TEST

be placed in the oven. The specimen may be
supported, if necessary, by a simple jig that has
been preheated in the oven.
1. SCOPE
test for stress relief test performed on the
unplasticized
PVC
pipes
manufactured
4.2 The specimen shall be kept in the oven for 1

hour. The duration shall be measured from the
time at which the oven regains the temperature
of 150C.
2. TEST SPECIMENS
2.1 The specimen shall consist of full bell end
portion with 100 mm length of plain pipe.
4.3 After 1 hour, the specimen shall be removed

from the oven and allowed to cool naturally in
the air before examination.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 An electrically heated air oven with
circulating fan, the whole interior of which is
maintained automatically at a temperature of
150 2C.
4. PROCEDURE
4.1 The specimen standing on its bell end shall
5.1 The sample shall meet the requirements

specified in 6.5 of IS : 4985-1988*.


10
IS : 12235 (Part 7) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 7
RESISTANCE TO SULPHURIC ACID

dry and weighed, then totally immersed in
93 0.5 percent (m/m) sulphuric acid for 14
days at 55 2C. Care shall be taken to avoid
gradual concentration of the acid during the
test due to evaporation losses, etc. After the
specified time, the specimen shall be removed,
washed in running water for 5 minutes wiped
dry with a clean cloth and reweighed
immediately.
1. SCOPE
test for resistance to sulphuric acid of
unplasticized
PVC
pipes
manufactured
2. FORM OF TEST SPECIMEN
2.1 The test specimen shall be cut from the pipe
and shall have a total surface area of
45 3 cm2.
3. PROCEDURE
3.1 The test specimen shall be cleaned, wiped
4.1 The average change in mass shall not

exceed the value given in 6.6 of IS : 4985-1988*.


11
IS : 12235 (Part 8) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 8
INTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST

water at ambient temperature. It shall be then
put in a water-bath at the test temperature
(permissible deviation 1C) and kept in the
bath for 1 hour to adjust the temperature.
1. SCOPE
test for internal hydrostatic pressure test
carried out on unplasticized PVC pipes
manufactured according to IS : 4985-1988*.
5.3 The pressure in the pipe shall then be

increased to the test pressure ( p ) gradually
and without shock, preferably within 10 to 30
seconds in the bath whose temperature has
been adjusted in accordance with 5.2. The
pressure with a permissible deviation of 2.5
percent shall be maintained for the test period
laid down in Table 4 of IS : 4985-1988*. The
test pressure ( p ) shall be calculated as follows
from the induced stress values in Table 4 and
dimensions given in Table 1 of IS : 4985-1988*:
2. GENERAL
2.1 The test shall be carried out not earlier
than 24 hour after the pipes have been
manufactured.
3. TEST SPECIMENS
3.1 A sample of pipe having free length
between the end fittings equal to ten times the
outside diameter but not less than 250 mm or
greater than 750 mm shall be taken for every
testing from each pipe to be tested.
2 s
p = -----------ds
4. APPARATUS
where
4.1 Equipment which permits the application of

controlled internal hydraulic pressure to the
specimen
which
is
immersed
in
a
thermostatically controlled water-bath.
p = test pressure in MPa,

= induced stress in MPa,
s = minimum wall thickness
nominal and
d = outside diameter in mm.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 The pipe shall be fitted with the locking
plugs at both ends in such a way that the axial
forces coming from the internal pressure are
transmitted to the pipe. The pipe shall remain
free to move in longitudinal direction.
in
mm,
5.2 Through a closable opening in one of the

locking plugs, the pipe shall be filled with
6.1 The sample shall not rupture during the

prescribed test period. The test showing bursts
within a distance d from the end cap, where d is
the mean outside diameter, shall be
disregarded and the test repeated.


12
IS : 12235 (Part 9) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 9
IMPACT STRENGTH AT 0C
length which is positioned below the
guidelines so that the tip of the impact
striker is not more than 2.5 mm from the
axis of the Vee block.
1. SCOPE
test of impact strength of unplasticized PVC
pipes at 0C manufactured according to
IS : 4985-1988*.
f) A release mechanism such that a striker

may fall through the height as required in
Table 1 on the top surface of the pipe
specimen.
2. SPECIMEN
2.1 Each specimen 300 mm long shall be a
complete section of pipe. The ends of each
specimen shall be cut clean and square to the
axis of the pipe.
g) Means for maintaining a constant height

of fall by vertical movement of either the
Vee block, the release mechanism or the
main frame in order to accommodate
various diameters of pipe.
3. CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMEN

3.1 Each specimen shall be conditioned for at
least 1 hour prior to test at a temperature of
0 1C. Individual specimens shall be tested
within 10 seconds of removal from the
conditioner. For round the clock ( see 5.1.1.2 )
testing, when the test might not be completed
within 10 seconds, the specimen shall be
reconditioned for a further period of at least 10
minutes.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 An impact testing machine (falling weight
machine), a suitable form of which is shown in
Fig. 1, shall be used which shall consist
essentially of the following:
a) A main frame which may be rigidly fixed
in a true vertical position.
b) Guiderails carried from the inside of the
main frame on side bearings which may be
adjusted to keep them parallel and
vertical.
c) A striker which may fall freely within the
guiderails and which is equipped with a
hardened hemispherical striking surface
of 25 1 mm diameter. The striking
surface shall be free from flats and/or
other imperfections.
d) An appropriate set of mass which may be
firmly attached to the striker to enable the
combined mass of striker and mass
attached to be adjusted to the values given
in Table 1.
e) A specimen support comprising a 120
cast steel Vee block at least 250 mm in
FIG. 1 IMPACT TESTING MACHINE

13
IS : 12235 (Part 9) - 1986
TABLE 1
5.1.1.1 Each specimen shall be marked with a

longitudinal zero line positioned at random and
from this line, further parallel lines shall be
marked equidistantly at intervals of not less
than 50 mm covering the circumference only
once. The pipes shall be placed on the Vee block
in such a way that one of the marked lines is
uppermost. The striker shall then be allowed to
fail freely on to the marked line on the pipe as
described above.
MASS OF STRIKER AND HEIGHT OF

FREE FALL
[Clauses 4.1 (d), (f) and 5.1]
MEAN OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
mm
TOTAL MASS
OF STRIKER
kg
HEIGHT OF FREE
FALL
mm
Up to and
including 25
0.25
500 10
32 to 50
0.25
1 000 10
63 to 75
0.25
2 000 10
90 to 110
0.50
2 000 10
1.00
2 000 10
125 and above
5.1.1.2 If the specimen does not fail as a result

of cracking or splitting, the specimen shall be
rotated until the next marked line is uppermost
in the Vee block, and a second blow made with
the striker. The process shall then be repeated
until all the marked lines have been tested or
until a failure is recorded. (This procedure of
impact testing a specimen more than once is
known as round the clock testing.)
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 The total mass of the striker and height of
free fall shall be adjusted to the values
appropriate to the diameter of the pipe under
test according to Table 1.
5.1.1 The specimens up to and including 50 mm
mean outside diameter shall be subjected to a
single blow only. For pipes with mean outside
diameter exceeding 50 mm size, the procedure
given in 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2 shall be adopted.
6.1 The sample, when tested as above, shall
meet the requirements given in A-1.7.1 of
IS : 4985-1988*.

14
IS : 12235 (Part 10) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 10
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ORGANOTIN AS TIN

AQUEOUS SOLUTION
100 ml with water. Filter, if necessary.
This solution should be prepared fresh
daily.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 10) covers the method
for determination of organotin as tin aqueous
solution
of
unplasticized
PVC
pipes
manufactured according to IS : 4985-1988*.
NOTE The life of this solution may be extended to

about one week if it is stored under refrigeration
conditions.
2. PRINCIPLE
g) Standard Tin Solution 0.2 mg Sn/ml.

Dissolve 0.200 g of tin in 100 ml of 50
percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid and dilute
with the same acid to 1 000 ml.
h) Standard Tin Solution 0.02 mg Sn/ml.
Prepare by diluting the 0.2 mg Sn/ml
standard solution [reagent (g)] as required
with 25 percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid.
j) Standard Tin Solution 0.004 mg Sn/ml.
Prepare by diluting the 0.02 mg Sn/ml
standard solution [reagent (h)] as required
with 25 percent ( v/v ) hydrochloric acid.
2.1 Toluene-3, 4-dithiol (dithiol) forms a

coloured complex with an acid solution of
divalent tin. This colloidally dispersed red
compound is used for the determination of tin
by a spectrophotometric method.
2.2 The lower limit of the determination is
about 2 g of tin.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 Spectrophotometer suitable for use in
the visible region of the spectrum with 1 and
4 cm cells.
5. PROCEDURE
4. REAGENTS
5.1 Preparation of Colour Standards
4.1 The reagents used shall be of. recognized

analytical reagents quality. Water complying
with IS : 1070-1977 shall be used throughout.
a) Concentrated
density 1.42.
Nitric
Acid
a) High Range ( 100-500 m Tin per Test )

Into six 25-ml one-mark volumetric flasks
( see IS : 915-1975* ) transfer volumes of
the 0.004 mg/ml standard tin solution
[reagent (j)] from 0 to 5.0 ml increasing by
stages of 1.0 ml. Treat each in the
following manner:
Dilute with water to about 6 ml, add 2 drops
of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)] followed by
2 ml of the dilute sulphuric acid [reagent (d)]
and mix thoroughly. Cautiously add 0.4 ml of
the dodecyl sodium sulphate solution
[reagent (e)] with constant swirling; avoid
shaking which creates foam. Continue to
swirl the contents of the flask while adding
0.2 ml of the toluene-3, 4-dithiol solution
[reagent (f)]. Dilute to 25 ml, stopper the
flask and shake thoroughly. Fifteen minutes
after the addition of toluene-3, 4-dithiol
solution, measure the optical density of each
solution in a 1-cm cell at a wavelength of
535 m and with water in the matched
comparison cell. Prepare graph of the optical
density readings against micrograms of tin
present.
relative
b) Perchloric Acid 600 g/litre solution.

c) Thioglycollic Acid approximately 98
percent.
d) Dilute Sulphuric Acid 25 percent (v/v)
solution.
e) Dodecyl Sodium Sulphate 20 g/litre
solution. Dissolve 2 g of dodecyl sodium
sulphate (sodium lauryl sulphate) in
100 ml of warm water. The solution may
lose its clarity on cooling; gentle warming
will restore it.
f) Toluene-3, 4-dithiol 2 g/litre solution.
Dissolve 0.2 g of toluene-3, 4-dithiol
(dithiol) or 0.28 g of zinc toluene-3,
4-dithiol in 5 ml or 5 N sodium hydroxide.
Add 1 ml of thioglycollic acid and dilute to
Specification for water for general laboratory use
( second revision ).
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flask ( first

revision ).
15
IS : 12235 (Part 10) - 1986
Dilute with water to about 15 ml, add 2

drops of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)]
followed by 10 ml of the dilute sulphuric
acid [reagent (d)] and mix thoroughly.
Cautiously add 2.0 ml of dodecyl sodium
sulphate solution [reagent (e)] with
constant swirling; avoid shaking, which
creates foam. Continue to swirl the
contents of the flask while adding
1.0 ml of toluene-3, 4-dithoil solution
[reagent (f)]. Dilute to 25 ml, stopper
the flask and shake thoroughly. Fifteen
minutes after the addition of toluene-3,
4-dithoil solution measure the optical
density of each solution in a 4-cm cell at
a wavelength of 535 m and with water
in the matched comparison cell. Prepare
a graph of the optical density readings
against the micrograms of tin present.

5.2 Determination Evaporate a suitable
volume of the test solution ( see Part 4 ) to
dryness, add 2 ml of the diluted sulphuric acid
[reagent (d)] and evaporate to fumes of sulphur
trioxide. Add concentrated nitric acid [reagent
(a)] dropwise until the oxidation is complete.
Cool, add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid
[reagent (a)] followed by 0.2 ml of perchloric
acid [reagent (b)] and evaporate to fumes of
sulphur trioxide. Cool, transfer the contents of
the basin quantitatively to 10 ml one-mark
volumetric flask ( see IS : 915-1975* ) and
dilute to about 8 ml with water. Add two drops
of thioglycollic acid [reagent (c)] and, with
constant swirling, 0.4 ml of the dodecyl sodium
sulphate solution [reagent (e)]. Add 0.2 ml of
the toluene-3, 4-dithiol solution [reagent (f)];
dilute to the mark, stopper the flask and shake
thoroughly. Transfer a quantity to a suitable
cell and 15 minutes after the addition of
toluene-3, 4-dithoil solution, measure its optical
density at a wave-length of 535 m, with water
in the matched comparison cell, and read the
amount of tin present from the appropriate
calibration graph ( see 5.1 ).
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks ( first

revision ).
*Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks ( first

revision ).
b) Low Range ( Up to 100 m Tin per Test )

Into six 50-ml one-mark volumetric
flasks ( see IS : 915-1975* ) transfer
volumes of the 0.02 mg/ml standard tin
solution [reagent (h)] from 0 to 10.0 ml
increasing by stages of 2.0 ml. Treat each
in the following manner:
16
IS : 12235 (Part 11) - 1986
Indian Standard

PART 11
EXTRACTABILITY OF CADMIUM AND MERCURY OCCURRING

AS IMPURITIES
2. FIELD OF APPLICATION
2.1 This standard applies to unplasticized
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes intended for the
transport of drinking water. It only relates to
the extractability of:
a) cadmium and its derivatives, and
b) mercury and its derivatives.
6.1.2 Clamp the test pieces vertically with open

end upwards.
6.1.3 Pass tap water of pH 7 to 8 through the
test pieces so that its linear rate of flow is
3 m/min, calculate from the average internal
cross-sectional area of the pipe and the test
pieces are continuously filled with water.
6.1.4 Maintain the water flow for a period of
60 +10 min.
0
6.1.5 At the end of this period, stop the water
flow, remove the stoppers and rinse out the test
pieces with distilled water.
6.2 Extractability Test
3. PRINCIPLE
3.1 Pre-washing of test pieces during a fixed
time. Filling the test pieces with water acidified
with carbon dioxide. Determination of the
quantity of extracted impurity.
6.2.1 Close, with a stopper ( see 4.2 ) one end of

each pre-washed test piece.
6.2.2 Fill each test piece with acidified water
( see 4.2 ), the temperature of which has been
adjusted to approximately 20C.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part 11) specifies a method
of test for the determination of the
extractability of cadmium and mercury
occurring as impurities from unplasticized PVC
pipe
manufactured
according
to
IS : 4985-1988*.
NOTE For each series of tests, a freshly prepared

solution of acidified water ( see 4.3 ) shall be used.
NOTE The analytical test methods to be used for the

determination of the quantity of material taken into
solution are not defined. They shall, however, allow the
analysis to be carried out with an accuracy of 0.005 mg/l
for cadmium and of 0.000 6 mg/l for mercury.
6.2.3 Close the other end of each test piece by

means of a stopper ( see 4.2 ) and maintain the
filled test pieces at 20 2C for 48 hours.
6.2.4 First Extraction At the end of 48 hours,
empty the water from the test pieces into
suitable stoppered containers and determine
the quantity of cadmium or mercury.
6.2.5 Second Extract Fill the same test
pieces with the test water ( see 4.3 ) and, having
closed them again, maintain them at 20 2C
for 48 h. At the end of this period, transfer the
test water from the test pieces to suitable
stoppered containers and determine the
quantity of cadmium and mercury in each.
6.2.6 Third Extract Fill the test pieces for a
third time with the test water ( see 4.3 ) and
having closed them again, maintain them at
20 2C for 48 h. At the end of this period,
transfer the test water from the test pieces to
suitable stoppered containers and determine
the quantity of cadmium and mercury in each.
4. APPARATUS
4.1 Glass Tube with Glass Cock
4.2 Stoppers in polyethylene or any other
material which has been shown not to effect the
results.
4.3 Distilled water, acidified to a pH of 4.5 0.1
by bubbling a current carbon dioxide through
it.
5. PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
5.1 For each test, select three pieces of the pipe
at random, each of which is 300 mm in length
and has an internal volume at least equal to the
volume of the extracting liquid required to
determine with the required precision the
amount of material which has migrated.
6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Pre-washing
6.1.1 Close one end of each test piece with a
stopper ( see 4.2 ) fitted centrally with the
lengths of glass tube ( see 4.1 ) fitted with a
stopcock.
7. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
7.1 Cadmium
7.1.1 Calculate for the three test pieces the
arithmetic mean of the quantities of cadmium
determined in the extracts for first, second and
third extractions.

17
IS : 12235 (Part 11) - 1986

d) Analytical
method
used
for
the
determination of the quantity of mercury
in aqueous solution;
e) Duration of pre-washing;
f) Quantities of extracted cadmium found for
each test piece for first, second and third
extraction;
g) Arithmetic mean of the quantities of
extracted cadmium for the pipe for first,
second and third extraction;
h) Quantities of extracted mercury found for
each test piece for first, second and third
extraction;
j) Arithmetic mean of the quantities of
extracted mercury for the pipe for first,
second and third extraction; and
k) Details of the procedure which have not
been provided for by this test method and
also any accidental circumstance which
might have attached the results.
7.1.2 Express the results in milligrams per litre

with an accuracy of 0.005 mg/l.
7.2 Mercury
7.2.1 Calculate for the three test pieces the
arithmetic mean of the quantities of mercury
determined in the extracts for first, second and
third extractions.
7.2.2 Express the results in milligrams per litre
with an accuracy of 0.000 5 mg/l.
8. TEST REPORT
8.1 The test report shall include the following
information:
a) Complete identification of the pipe tested;
b) Number of test pieces;
c) Analytical
method
used
for
the
determination of the quantity of cadmium
in aqueous solution;
18
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
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Copyright
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Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no
changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of
Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards : Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : CED 50
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No.
Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1
August 1999
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

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IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

UDC 621.643.2 [678.743.22] : 628.1 : 620.1

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

Measurement of Outside Diameter

Measurement of Wall Thickness

Test for Opacity

Determining the Detrimental Effect on the Composition of Water

Stress Relief Test

Resistance to Sulphuric Acid

Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Test

Part 10 Method for Determination of Organotin as Tin Aqueous Solution

Part 11 Extractability of Cadmium and Mercury Occurring as Impurities

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

IS : 12235 (Parts 1 to 11) - 1986

METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

0.1 This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 11) was

ISO/DIS 6992 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride

0.2 This standard has been formulated to

0.4 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment

0.3 In formulating this standard due weightage

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

IS : 12235 (Part 1) - 1986

METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

MEASUREMENT OF OUTSIDE DIAMETER

NOTE The measurement of diameters less than or

2. MEAN OUTSIDE DIAMETER

3. OUTSIDE DIAMETER AT ANY POINT

2.2 Principle The determination of the

3.1 Required Precision The precision

2.2.1 A Pitape with an accuracy of at least

3.2 Principle Determination of the

2.3 Measuring apparatus shall be an ordinary

3.3 Measuring Apparatus Slide calipers

2.4 Procedure Apply the tape on the whole

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

IS : 12235 (Part 2) - 1986

METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

MEASUREMENT OF WALL THICKNESS

2.1.1.3 Procedure After introducing the fixed

2.1.1.4 Expression of the result Round off the

2.1.1.1 Required precision The precision

2.1.2 Micrometer Method

2.1.1.2 Measurement apparatus The wall

2.1.2.1 The precision in each measurement of

*Specification for unplasticized PVC pipes for potable

IS : 12235 (Part 3) - 1986

METHODS OF TEST FOR UNPLASTICIZED

TEST FOR OPACITY

1.2 It lays down the maximum acceptable limit

2.4.2.1 Adjust the apparatus to obtain a

2.1 Principle Measurement of the light flux

2.4.2.2 Place the test piece on the support and

2.2 Apparatus The

2.4.2.3 Read the indicated maximum deviation

2.2.1 Adjustable power arc or incandescent

2.5 Calculation and Expression of Results

2.2.2 Diaphragm and optical lenses; adjusted to

2.2.3 Support, arranged so that it maintains

2.2.4 Photoelectric cell, used such that the

DM = maximum deflection produced directly