Train Automation Syste

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
We know that the railway network of India is the biggest in south Asia and perhaps the most
complicated in all over the world. There are so many different types of trains local, fast, super
fast, passenger, goods. etc. and there so many multiple routs.
In this project we try to give the same prototype for this type of trains. We are using
microcontroller 8051 as CPU. The motion of the train is controlled by the DC Motor, for
displaying message in the train we are using LCD Display of two lines. The train is designed for
two stations, named as Ujjain & Indore. The Stoppage time is of 2Sec. There is a LCD display
for showing various messages in the train for passengers. Before starting at station the train
blows the buzzer.
Whenever any engine observer an obstacle on its track it will stops automatically the
train. When the obstacle or other trains are removed from the track then train will start and go on.
Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents at the track
when two train are at same track, This project utilizes two powerful IR module; two pair of IR
module are fixed at one train at front and back side of the train and the two pair of IR module are
used at other train because when the two trains are at same track than the train IR module
observe the obstacle at track than the train will stop (motor will stop).
We are also including automatic gate controller. In this section we are including read
switch (this is magnetically operated) are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. When train
arrives at the sensing point alarm is triggered at the railway crossing point so that the people get
intimation that gate is going to be closed and at that time the LCD display the message GATE
WILL CLOSE. Then the control system activates and closes the gate on either side of the track.
Once the train crosses the other end control system automatically lifts the gate and the gate will
open and at that time the LCD display the message GATE WILL OPEN.
The power supply will provide by the solar energy in the project. We are also used the
solar panel for the power and the train will also run by the solar power. We are also used the
secondary power supply by the battery. When the train will run in night than we use the
secondary power supply.
WHY WE CHOOSE THIS PROJECT

Now a days public is facing many threats from the railway department by which they are
hesitating to plan a train journey. The main reason for this is due to the accidents that occur due
to negligence of train drivers. Though the railway department is trying to take actions to reduce
such informal things but couldnt see the face of success. To help out the department we have
designed our system.
We are seen in the railway the many problems are face and the many workers are
required in railway so we design a project according to requirement of railway
This project is introduced to railway gate controlling train intelligence. It means we
reduce the accident in the railway because we use the intelligence train. In the intelligence train
we include the driverless train(in this we defined the two station Ujjain and Indore and train will
automatic stop at the station and after some second the train will start and this process run
continuously) and also the IR sensor are used. (This is used to define the obstacle in front of
train).
This project also provide the time limitation and the main problem in railway is delay the train
50 its also reduced by this project.
FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT
This project is used for developing countries for bright future of countries.
It helps us to control the train without drivers and stations will indicate on LCD so
passenger doesnt have any difficulty.
The major advantage of this project it avoid the accidents.
These projects reduce the power consumption.
It is increase the technological trends and in this way help the people in many ways.
CHAPTER 2
WORKING
6

We are design the train automation system, we are dividing the project in two section
1. Intelligence train
2. Automatic gate controller
So first we explain the working of intelligence train, in the intelligence train when the train will
start from the first station (say Ujjain) at this time the LCD shows the message WELCOME TO
INTELLIGENCE TRAIN , after some time the motor will start train travel along the track,
again LCD display the message NEXT STATION INDORE. When the read switch is contact
with magnet (the magnet is attached with train) than the signal is send to the microcontroller,
according to signal the microcontroller provide the signal to the relay and motor will stop and at
that time the LCD display the message INDORE, before the train starting the buzzer will glow
and train will goes to Ujjain. If any cases when the train has come on the same track and both
train on the same track than the IR sensor detect the obstacle or train than the both train is stop,
at that time LCD display the message SORRY FOR THE INCONVINIENCE .
The second section is automatic gate controller, in this section the two read switch is placed
along the track and the distance between the gate and read switch is 1km. when the train is
contact with read switch than the read switch send the signal to microcontroller and
microcontroller provide the signal according to signal to L293D and its connected to DC motor
and motor move, close the gate and at that time the LCD display the message GATE WILL
CLOSE. The buzzer also glows at that time. When train is contact with the other end read
switch than at that time the gate will open and the LCD also display the message GATE WILL
OPEN.
This process repeat in our project
BLOCK DIAGRAM
7
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTELLIGENCE TRAIN

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER
READ SWITCH SENSOR
BUZZER
MICRO CONTROLLER P89V51RD2
LCD
L292D
DC MOTOR
POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
10

1. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF INTELLEGENCE TRAIN
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER
11
PCB LAYOUT:
1. PCB LAYOUT OF INTELLEGENCE SYSTEM
A. TOP VIES OF INTELLIGENCE TRAIN
12
B). BOTTOM VIEW OF INTELLIGENCE TRAIN
2. PCB OF AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER

A. TOP VIEW OF AGC
13
B. THE BOTTOM VIEW OF AGC
FLOW CHART
14
TESTING
A) Hardware
1. Continuity test
First of all we checked the PCB that all the tracks are as per the design of PCB and
showing continuity with the help of millimeter PCB layout.
15

2. Short circuit test
Then we check the PCB for any unwanted short circuit with the help of millimeter
and PCB layout.
3. Soldering
In the next step, we soldered the required components. And then checked that there
are no any unwanted short occurred due to soldering without putting ICs and keeping
power supply off.
B) Power supply test
In the next step, we put power supply on and checked whether required voltage is
appearing at the required voltage is appearing at the required points ie.+Vcc and GND
at respective points. We took care of not connecting ICs in the circuit while
performing this test.
C) Microcontroller test
For testing the microcontroller, we wrote the square wave generation program for
generating square wave on each port pin. Then we fed the program in micron roller
and checked the output with the help of CRO by connecting the microcontroller in the
circuit. We took care of not connecting any other IC in the circuit.
16
CHAPTER 3
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and
circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons
being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even
custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
17

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each
character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction
given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position,
controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII
value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.
Pin Diagram
Pin Description
Pin
No
1
2
3
Function
Name
Ground (0V)
Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V 5.3V)
Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor
Ground
Vcc
VEE
18

4
Selects command register when low; and data register when high
Register Select
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Low to write to the register; High to read from the register

Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given
Read/write
Enable
DB0
DB1
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB5
DB6
DB7
Led+
Led-
8-bit data pins
Backlight VCC (5V)

Backlight Ground (0V)
Required Theory
LCD displays are connected through 14 pins: 8 data pins (D0-D7), 3 control pins (RS, E, R/W), and three
power lines (Vdd, Vss, Vee). Some LCDs have LED backlight feature that helps to read the data on the
display during low illumination conditions. So they have two additional connections (LED+ and LED-),
making altogether 16 pin.
Control pins
The control pin RS determines if the data transfer between the LCD module and an external
microcontroller are actual character data or command/status. When the microcontroller needs to send
commands to LCD or to read the LCD status, it must be pulled low. Similarly, this must be pulled high if
character data is to be sent to and from the LCD module.
The direction of data transfer is controlled by the R/W pin. If it is pulled Low, the commands or character
data is written to the LCD module. And, when it is pulled high, the character data or status information
from the LCD registers is read. Here, we will use one way data transfer, i.e., from microcontroller to LCD
module, so the R/W pin will be grounded permanently.
The enable pin (E) initiates the actual data transfer. When writing to the LCD display, the data is
transferred only on the high to low transition of the E pin
Power supply pins

Although most of the LCD module data sheets recommend +5V d.c. supply for operation, some LCDs
may work well for a wider range (3.0 to 5.5 V). The Vdd pin should be connected to the positive power
supply and Vss to ground. Pin 3 is Vee, which is used to adjust the contrast of the display. In most of the
cases, this pin is connected to a voltage between 0 and 2V by using a preset potentiometer.
19

Data pins
Pins 7 to 14 are data lines (D0-D7). Data transfer to and from the display can be achieved either in 8-bit
or 4-bit mode. The 8-bit mode uses all eight data lines to transfer a byte, whereas, in a 4-bit mode, a byte
is transferred as two 4-bit nibbles. In the later case, only the upper 4 data lines (D4-D7) are used. This
technique is beneficial as this saves 4 input/output pins of microcontroller. We will use the 4-bit mode.
LCD Initialization
Before you may really use the LCD, you must initialization and configure it. This is
accomplished by sending a number of initialization instructions to the LCD.
The first instruction we send must tell the LCD whether we'll be communicating with it
with an 8-bit or 4-bit data bus.
We also select a 5x8 dot character front.
These two options are selected by sending the command 38h to the LCD as a command.
For sending command to LCD you have to do the following things.
EN = 0
RS = 0/1(0=Command, 1=data)
DATA = xxx (Any command in the table, or any character to be displayed)
RW = 0(Write mode selected)
EN = 1
Some Delay
EN = 0(Observe the high to low transition on EN)
Enable pin should be made to go a transition from high to low while you are writing the
LCD. This is called as negative edge triggering.
But when you are reading the content of any pin of the LCD i.e. R/W=1, you have to
make Enable pin to go from low to high transition. This is also referred to as positive
edge triggering.
20
CHAPTER 4
MECHANICAL DESIGN
The mechanical design is divided into three section:
1. Train set
2. Base for the project
3. Base of the motor
21

TRAIN SET
We are used three train set in our project. The train set is directly purchased by the market and
we are use that set in our project.
We are design intelligence train so the train set is important for our project and if we design the
train set than this project consumes more time and money so we directly purchased the train set
from the market and we use that.
In our project we use three train set because we design the two intelligence train so the two sets
are use in intelligence and the remaining one set is used for automatic gate controller.
The picture of train set is below
BASE FOR THE PROJECT

We are design the base of our project. The base is design by the iron rectangular rod and wooden
sheet. The length and the breadth of our base is 123cm and 76.2cm respectively.
The tracks of the train are placed at the wooden strip and its attached on the wooden sheet. The
rectangular iron rod is used at the four sides of the rectangular area and its provide the height of
the base.
The picture of the base is:
22
BASE OF THE MOTOR

The motor stand are also attach on the base and the motor stand is made by the wooden blocks
and this is attached at the wooden sheet and the motor is used in automatic gate controller.
SOFTWERE DESIGN
1. DIP TRACE
INTRODUCTION
Dip Trace is EDA software for creating schematic diagrams and printed circuit boards. The first
version of Dip Trace was released in August, 2004. The latest version as of October 2012 is Dip
Trace version 2.3. The interface and tutorials are multi-lingual (currently English, Czech,
Russian and Turkish). In January of 2011, Parallax switched from Eagle to Dip Trace for
developing its printed circuit boards. Dip trace is a popular program for designing your own
circuit boards. This document allows you to get started with ease by designing
simple Schematic and its PCB, pattern and component libraries, then trying
23

different package features. The tutorial includes step-by-step design guide
and many additional insets that allow you to discover program features.
MODULE
Schematic Design Editor
PCB Layout Editor
Component Editor
Pattern Editor
Shape-Based Auto router
3D PCB Preview, using Wings 3D format
DIAGRAM OF DIPTRACE LAYOUT:
24
KEIL
25

VISION
Vision3 adds many new features to the Editor like Text Templates, Quick Function
Navigation, and Syntax Coloring with brace high lighting Configuration Wizard for dialog based
startup and debugger setup. Vision3 is fully compatible to Vision2 and can be used in parallel
with Vision2.
What is Vision3?
Vision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that helps you write, compile,
and debug embedded programs. It encapsulates the following components:
A project manager.
A make facility.
Tool configuration.
Editor.
A powerful debugger.
To help you get started, several example programs (located in the \C51\Examples,
\C251\Examples, \C166\Examples, and \ARM\...\Examples) are provided.
HELLO is a simple program that prints the string "Hello World" using the Serial Interface.
MEASURE is a data acquisition system for analog and digital systems.
TRAFFIC is a traffic light controller with the RTX Tiny operating system.
SIEVE is the SIEVE Benchmark.
DHRY is the Dhrystone Benchmark.
WHETS is the Single-Precision Whetstone Benchmark.
Additional example programs not listed here are provided for each device architecture.
To create a new project in Vision
1. Select Project - New Project.
2. Select a directory and enter the name of the project file.
3. Select Project - Select Device and select an 8051, 251, or C16x/ST10 device from the Device
Database.
4. Create source files to add to the project.
5. Select Project - Targets, Groups, Files. Add/Files, select Source Group1, and add the source files
to the project.
26

6. Select Project - Options and set the tool options. Note when you select the target device from the
Device Database all special options are set automatically. You typically only need to configure
the memory map of your target hardware. Default memory model settings are optimal for most
applications.
7. Select Project - Rebuild all target files or Build target.
Debugging an Application in Vision2
To debug an application created using Vision

1. Select Debug - Start/Stop Debug Session.
2. Use the Step toolbar buttons to single-step through your program. You may enter G, main in the
Output Window to execute to the main C function.
3. Open the Serial Window using the Serial #1 button on the toolbar.
Debug your program using standard options like Step, Go, Break, and so on.
Starting Vision2 and Creating a Project
Vision2 is a standard Windows application and started by clicking on the program icon. To
create a new project file select from the Vision2 menu.
If select the Disassembly Window as the active window all program step
commands work on CPU instruction level rather than program source lines. You
can select a text line and set or modify code breakpoints using toolbar buttons or
the context menu commands.
1.
Click on the Keil uVision Icon on DeskTop.
2.
The following fig will appear.
27
3.
Click on the Project menu from the title bar.
4.
Then Click on New Project.
5.
6.
7.
Save the Project by typing suitable project name with no extension in u r own folder
sited in either C:\ or D:\
Then Click on Save button above.
Select the component for u r project. i.e. Philips
8.
Click on the + Symbol beside of Philips.
9.
Select AT89S52 as shown below
10.
Then Click on OK
11.
The Following fig will appear
12.
Then Click either YES or NOmostly NO
13.
Now your project is ready to USE.
14.
Now double click on the Target1, you would get another option Source group 1 as
shown in next page.
15.
Click on the file option from menu bar and select new.
16.
The next screen will be as shown in next page, and just maximize it by double
clicking on its blue boarder.
28

17.
Now start writing program in either in C or ASM
18.
For a program written in Assembly, then save it with extension .asm and for C
based program save it with extension .C
19.
Now right click on Source group 1 and click on Add files to Group Source
20.
Now you will get another window, on which by default C files will appear.
21.
Now select as per your file extension given while saving the file
22.
Click only one time on option ADD
23.
Now Press function key F7 to compile. Any error will appear if so happen.
24.
If the file contains no error, then press Control+F5 simultaneously.
25.
The new window is as follows.
26.
Then Click OK
27.
Now Click on the Peripherals from menu bar, and check your required port as
shown in fig below
28.
Drag the port a side and click in the program file.
29.
Now keep Pressing function key F11 slowly and observe.

You are running your program successful.
FLASH MAGIC
8051 Development Board support major chips From Philips. For programming that are flash
programmable microcontrollers that supports serial programming of devices. Flash
29

microcontroller can be erased and re-written as many times as possible. Flexibility to reprogram
number of times and its low cost make it ideal for use in a wide areas of applications. This
product is a combination of intelligent hardware and software.
Boot-loader Inside the Chip that understands a protocol received from
computer through serial port . On computer side software called Flash Magic is started that
identifies the hardware and the chip inserted. Program for the target microcontroller can be now
either read back or sent as Intel format HEX file. Support locking of devices to prevent reading
back of programmed chip. After locking the chip can still be erased and used again for loading
new programs. Philips series can only test in Development board.
FEATURES
Support major Philips devices

Lock of programs in chip supported to prevent program copying
Auto Erase before writing and Auto Verify after writing
Informative status bar and access to latest programmed file
Simple and Easy to use
30
Computer side software called Flash Magic is executed that accepts the Intel HEX format file
generated from compiler Keil to be sent to target microcontroller. It detects the hardware
connected to the serial port.
31

PCB MANUFACTURING PROCESS
It is an important process in the fabrication of electronic equipment. The design of
PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) depends on circuit requirements like noise immunity, working
frequency and voltage levels etc. High power PCBs requires a special design strategy.
The fabrication process to the printed circuit board will determine to a large extent the
price and reliability of the equipment. A common target aimed is the fabrication of small series of
highly reliable professional quality PCBs with low investment. The target becomes especially
important for customer tailored equipments in the area of industrial electronics.
The layout of a PCB has to incorporate all the information of the board before one can go on the
artwork preparation. This means that a concept which clearly defines all the details of the circuit
and partly defines the final equipment, is prerequisite before the actual lay out can start. The
detailed circuit diagram is very important for the layout designer but he must also be familiar
with the design concept and with the philosophy behind the equipment.
BOARD TYPES
The two most popular PCB types are:
1.
Single Sided Boards

The single sided PCBs are mostly used in entertainment electronics where manufacturing
costs have to be kept at a minimum. However in industrial electronics cost factors cannot
be neglected and single sided boards should be used wherever a particular circuit can be
accommodated on such boards.
2.
Double Sided Boards

Double-sided PCBs can be made with or without plated through holes. The production of
boards with plated through holes is fairly expensive. Therefore plated through hole
boards are only chosen where the circuit complexities and density of components does
not leave any other choice.
32

DESIGN SPECIFICATION
(I)
STEPS TAKEN WHILE PREPARING CIRCUIT
(A)
PCB DESIGNING
The main purpose of printed circuit is in the routing of electric currents and signal through a
thin copper layer that is bounded firmly to an insulating base material sometimes called the
substrate. This base is manufactured with an integrally bounded layer of thin copper foil which
has to be partly etched or removed to arrive at a pre-designed pattern to suit the circuit
connections or other applications as required.
The term printed circuit board is derived from the original method where a printed pattern
is used as the mask over wanted areas of copper. The PCB provides an ideal baseboard upon
which to assemble and hold firmly most of the small components.
From the constructors point of view, the main attraction of using PCB is its role as the
mechanical support for small components. There is less need for complicated and time
consuming metal work of chassis contraception except perhaps in providing the final enclosure.
Most straight forward circuit designs can be easily converted in to printed wiring layer the
thought required to carry out the inversion cab footed high light an possible error that would
otherwise be missed in conventional point to point wiring .The finished project is usually neater
and truly a work of art.
Actual size PCB layout for the circuit shown is drawn on the copper board. The board is
then immersed in FeCl3 solution for 12 hours. In this process only the exposed copper portion is
etched out by the solution.
Now the petrol washes out the paint and the copper layout on PCB is rubbed with a
smooth sand paper slowly and lightly such that only the oxide layers over the Cu are removed.
Now the holes are drilled at the respective places according to component layout as shown in
figure.
33

(B)
LAYOUT DESIGN
When designing the layout one should observe the minimum size (component body
length and weight). Before starting to design the layout we need all the required components in
hand so that an accurate assessment of space can be made. Other space considerations might also
be included from case to case of mounted components over the printed circuit board or to access
path of present components.
It might be necessary to turn some components around to a different angular position so
that terminals are closer to the connections of the components. The scale can be checked by
positioning the components on the squared paper. If any connection crosses, then one can reroute
to avoid such condition.
All common or earth lines should ideally be connected to a common line routed around the
perimeter of the layout. This will act as the ground plane. If possible try to route the outer supply
line to the ground plane. If possible try to route the other supply lines around the opposite edge
of the layout through the center. The first set is tearing the circuit to eliminate the crossover
without altering the circuit detail in any way.
Plan the layout looking at the topside to this board. First this should be translated
inversely, later for the etching pattern large areas are recommended to maintain good copper
adhesion. It is important to bear in mind always that copper track width must be according to the
recommended minimum dimensions and allowance must be made for increased width where
termination holes are needed. From this aspect, it can become little tricky to negotiate the route
to connect small transistors.
There are basically two ways of copper interconnection patterns underside the board. The
first is the removal of only the amount of copper necessary to isolate the junctions of the
components to one another. The second is to make the interconnection pattern looking more like
conventional point wiring by routing uniform width of copper from component to component.
34

(C)
ETCHING PROCESS
Etching process requires the use of chemicals. acid resistant dishes and running water
supply. Ferric chloride is mostly used solution but other etching materials such as ammonium per
sulphate can be used. Nitric acid can be used but in general it is not used due to poisonous fumes.
The pattern prepared is glued to the copper surface of the board using a latex type of
adhesive that can be cubed after use. The pattern is laid firmly on the copper using a very sharp
knife to cut round the pattern carefully to remove the paper corresponding to the required copper
pattern areas. Then apply the resistant solution, which can be a kind of ink solution for the
purpose of maintaining smooth clean outlines as far as possible. While the board is drying, test
all the components.
Before going to next stage, check the whole pattern and cross check
With the circuit diagram. Check for any free metal on the copper. The etching bath should be in a
glass or enamel disc. If using crystal of ferric- chloride these should be thoroughly dissolved in
water to the proportion suggested. There should be 0.5 lt. of water for 125 gm of crystal.
To prevent particles of copper hindering further etching, agitate the solutions carefully by
gently twisting or rocking the tray.
The board should not be left in the bath a moment longer than is needed to remove just
the right amount of copper. Inspire of there being a resistive coating there is no protection against
etching away through exposed copper edges. This leads to over etching. Have running water
ready so that etched board can be removed properly and rinsed. This will halt etching
immediately.
Drilling is one of those operations that call for great care. For most purposes a 0.5mm
drill is used. Drill all holes with this size first those that need to be larger can be easily drilled
again with the appropriate larger size.
35

(D) COMPONENT ASSEMBLY
From the greatest variety of electronic components available, which runs into thousands
of different types it is often a perplexing task to know which is right for a given job.
There could be damage such as hairline crack on PCB. If there are, then they can be
repaired by soldering a short link of bare copper wire over the affected part.
The most popular method of holding all the items is to bring the wires far apart after they
have been inserted in the appropriate holes. This will hold the component in position ready for
soldering.
Some components will be considerably larger .So it is best to start mounting the smallest
first and progressing through to the largest. Before starting, be certain that no further drilling is
likely to be necessary because access may be impossible later.
Next will probably be the resistor, small signal diodes or other similar size components.
Some capacitors are also very small but it would be best to fit these afterwards. When fitting
each group of components mark off each one on the circuit as it is fitted so that if we have to
leave the job we know where to recommence.
Although transistors and integrated circuits are small items there are good reasons for
leaving the soldering of these until the last step. The main point is that these components are very
sensitive to heat and if subjected to prolonged application of the soldering iron, they could be
internally damaged.
All the components before mounting are rubbed with sand paper so that oxide layer is
removed from the tips. Now they are mounted according to the component layout.
36

(E) SOLDERING
This is the operation of joining the components with PCB after this operation the circuit
will be ready to use to avoid any damage or fault during this operation following care must be
taken.
1. A longer duration contact between soldering iron bit & components lead can exceed
the temperature rating of device & cause partial or total damage of the device. Hence before
soldering we must carefully read the maximum soldering temperature & soldering time for
device.
2. The wattage of soldering iron should be selected as minimum as permissible for that
soldering place.
3. To protect the devices by leakage current of iron its bit should be earthed properly.
4. We should select the soldering wire with proper ratio of Pb & Tn to provide the
suitable melting temperature.
5. Proper amount of good quality flux must be applied on the soldering point to avoid dry
soldering.
37
CHAPTER 5
PROGRAMMING
38
CHAPTER 6
APPLICATION
39
This project is used in railway. In this project we including metro train, intelligence
Engine, and automatic gate control. All the things are used in railway.
The particular section metro train is used in industry
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Its also control by the pc using satellite.
Replacement of transmitter with low power transmitter & Receiver with highly sensitive
receiver to reduce the power consumption.
The range can be increased.
Track change is also including in that project.
COST ANALYSIS
S.N
Component
Quantity
Cost
40

o.
Name
1.
Resistor
23
10
2.
Capacitor
12
12
3.
LED
10
10
4.
IR-sensor module
280
5.
Oscillator
40
6.
Read Switch
300
450
7.
IC-P89V51RD2
8.
IC-L293D
40
9.
IC-7805
30
480
10.
LCD
11.
DC Motor
130
12.
Battery
60
13.
Relay
70
14.
Diode
20
20
15.
PCB
250
30
30
16.
Connecting
wire
17.
Transistor
18.
Header
19.
Strip
20.
Buzzer
10
5
30
30
40
41

21.
Solar panel
22.
Zip socket
23.
Connector
24.
25.
26.
1(10 volt)
3
20
1000
120
60
Train set
480
Magnet
40
12
Battery connector
Total
4029 /-
CONCLUSION
42

This project is an embedded system with software embedded into related hardware developed
with a view to merge many projects into one with a reasonable cost. If enhanced, it can transform
into more facilitating and smart project.
At present the system is fully automatic, it has no human control over it but we can
enhance it and install GPS system into it. So that we can be able to locate the train and after
installing certain features, we can be able to control it too.
Concluding, this work can be treated as an initialization to a project which can serve
virtually all requirement in the future public transport network.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
43

WEBSITE:
http://www.electronicsforu.com
http://www.8051projects.info
http://www.instructable.com
http://www.alldatasheet.com
http://www.datasheet4u.com
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
BOOKS:
R.S. SEDHA
ELECTRONICS
M.A. Mazidi
A TEXT BOOK OF APPLIED

THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM
APPENDIX
PCB
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
CCB
COPPER CLAD BOARD

44

IT
INTELLIGENCE TRAIN
AGC
AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER
DC
DIRECT CURRENT
AC
ALTERNATING CURRENT
GND
INDICATING GROUND TERMINAL
Vcc
INDICATING 5V DC
RPM
REVOLUTION PER MINUTE
45

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Train Automation Syste

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MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

WHY WE CHOOSE THIS PROJECT

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTELLIGENCE TRAIN

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

READ SWITCH SENSOR

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

B). BOTTOM VIEW OF INTELLIGENCE TRAIN

2. PCB OF AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROLLER

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

B. THE BOTTOM VIEW OF AGC

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Low to write to the register; High to read from the register

8-bit data pins

Backlight VCC (5V)

Power supply pins

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

BASE FOR THE PROJECT

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

BASE OF THE MOTOR

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

DIAGRAM OF DIPTRACE LAYOUT:

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

To debug an application created using Vision

Click on the Keil uVision Icon on DeskTop.

The following fig will appear.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Click on the Project menu from the title bar.

Then Click on New Project.

Click on the + Symbol beside of Philips.

Select AT89S52 as shown below

The Following fig will appear

Then Click either YES or NOmostly NO

Now your project is ready to USE.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Now start writing program in either in C or ASM

Click only one time on option ADD

If the file contains no error, then press Control+F5 simultaneously.

The new window is as follows.

Drag the port a side and click in the program file.

Now keep Pressing function key F11 slowly and observe.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Support major Philips devices

MICROCONTROLLER BASED TRAIN AUTOMATION SYSTEM