Departments of France

Departments of France
to mean a part of a larger whole. Almost all of them were

named after physical geographical features (rivers, mountains or coasts) rather than after historical or cultural territories which could have their own loyalties. The division of France into departments was a project particularly
identied with the French revolutionary leader the Abb
Sieys, although it had already been frequently discussed
and written about by many politicians and thinkers. The
earliest known suggestion of it is from 1764 in the writings of d'Argenson. They have inspired similar divisions
in many countries, some of them former French colonies.
Seine
Saint Denis
Lille
Pas de
Calais
Nanterre
Bobigny
Paris
Paris
Arras
Hauts
de
Seine
Nord
Crteil Val de
Marne
Amiens
Somme
Seine
Maritime
Rouen
Manche
Ardennes
Beauvais
Aisne
Oise
Caen
Saint L
Calvados
Charleville
Mzires
Laon
Pontoise
Chalons en
Champagne
Val
d'Oise
Eure
vreux
Versailles
Finistre
Ctes
d'Armor
Quimper
Ille
et Vilaine
Evry
Alenon
Chartres
Mayenne
Rennes
Loire
Atlantique
Nantes
Poitiers
Nevers
Cher
Charente
Creuse
Loire
Clermont
Ferrand
Cantal
Agen
Montauban
Gers
Mende
Rodez
Tarn
et Garonne
Pyrnes
Atlantiques
Gard
Nmes
Auch
Tarn
Montpellier
Hrault
Pau
Tarbes
Hautes
Pyrnes
Ardche
Haute
Garonne
Carcassonne
Foix
Gap
Drme
Hautes
Alpes
Lozre
Aveyron
Albi
Toulouse
Guyane
Runion
Isre
Valence
Privas
Cahors
Lot
et Garonne
Savoie
Le Puy
en Velay
Aurillac
Mont de
Marsan
Chambry
Grenoble
Lot
Gironde
Saint
Denis
Lyon
Haute
Loire
Dordogne
Bordeaux
Annecy
Saint
tienne
Corrze
Tulle
Haute
Savoie
Ain
Rhne
Puy
de Dme
Limoges
Prigueux
Fort de
France
Mayotte
Mcon
Bourg en
Bresse
Angoulme
Martinique
Mamoudzou
Jura
Moulins
Allier
Guret
Haute
Vienne
Territoire
de Belfort
Lons le
Saunier
Sane
et Loire
Vienne
Niort
Besanon
Doubs
Indre
La Rochelle
Landes
Vesoul Belfort
Haut
Rhin
Haute
Sane
Cte d'Or
Dijon
Guadeloupe
Cayenne
Vosges Colmar
Nivre
Bourges
Chteauroux
Charente
Maritime
Auxerre
Tours
Indre
et Loire
Deux
Svres
Vende
Chaumont
Haute
Marne
Blois
Angers
Maine
et Loire
La Roche
sur Yon
Basse
Terre
Loiret
Loir
et Cher
Vannes
Bas
Rhin
pinal
Aube
Yonne
Orlans
Strasbourg
Meurthe
et Moselle
Troyes
Eure
et Loir
Sarthe
Le Mans
Nancy
Melun
Essonne
Laval
Morbihan
Moselle
Bar le Duc
Marne
Seine
et Marne
Yvelines
Orne
Saint Brieuc
Metz
Meuse
Vaucluse
Avignon
Digne les Bains
Alpes de
Haute Provence
Most French departments are assigned a two-digit number, the Ocial Geographical Code, allocated by the
Institut national de la statistique et des tudes conomiques.
Some overseas departments have a three-digit number.
The number is used, for example, in the postal code,
and was until recently used for all vehicle registration
plates. While it is common for residents to use the numbers to refer to their own department or a neighbouring
one, more distant departments are generally referred to by
their names, as few people know the numbers of all the
departments. For example, inhabitants of Loiret might
refer to their department as the 45.
Alpes
Maritimes
Nice
Bouches
du Rhne
Var
Marseille
Toulon
Aude
Arige
Perpignan
Pyrnes
Orientales
Bastia
Haute
Corse
Ajaccio
Corse
du Sud
The 101 departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (French: dpartement, pronounced: [depat()m ])
is one of the three levels of government below the
national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the
administrative regions and the commune. There are 96
departments in metropolitan France and 5 overseas departments, which are also classied as regions. Departments are further subdivided into 334 arrondissements,
themselves divided into cantons; the last two have no autonomy and are used for the organisation of police, re
departments and sometimes elections.
In 2014, President Franois Hollande proposed to abolish

departmental councils by 2020, which would have maintained the departments as administrative divisions, and to
transfer their powers to other levels of governance. This
reform project has since been abandoned.
1 History
Each department is administered by an elected body

called a departmental council (conseil dpartemental
(sing.), conseils dpartementaux (plur.)). From 1800 to
April 2015, they were called general councils (conseil
gnral (sing.), conseils gnraux (plur.)).[1] Each council has a president. Their main areas of responsibility
include the management of a number of social and welfare allowances, of junior high school (collge) buildings
and technical sta, and of local roads and school and rural buses, and a contribution to municipal infrastructures.
Local services of the State administration are traditionally organised at departmental level, where the prefect
represents the government; however, regions have gained
importance in this regard since the 2000s, with some
department-level services merged into region-level services.
Main article: Territorial formation of France

The rst French territorial departments were proposed
in 1665 by Marc-Ren d'Argenson to serve as administrative areas purely for the Ponts et Chausses (Bridges
and Highways) infrastructure administration.
Before the French Revolution, France gained territory
gradually through the annexation of a mosaic of independent entities. By the close of the Ancien Rgime, it was
organised into provinces. During the period of the Revolution, these were dissolved, partly in order to weaken
old loyalties.
The modern departments, as all-purpose units of the government, were created on 4 March 1790 by the National
The departments were created in 1791 as a rational re- Constituent Assembly to replace the provinces with what
placement of Ancien Rgime provinces with a view to the Assembly deemed a more rational structure. Their
strengthen national unity; the title department is used boundaries served two purposes:
1
1
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
OF THE FRENCH EMPIRE (1812)
5W
Glasgow
5E
10
HISTORY
15
20
KINGDOM
OF SWEDEN
Edinburgh
Arhus
EMPIRE
OF RUSSIA
LEGEND:
Copenhagen
Border of the French Empire in 1812

Newcastle
Ourthe Franch departments

Carniole Intendances of the Illyrian Provinces
Scale 1 : 4 000 000
0
100
200
BALTIC SEA
Malm
Odense
km
300
NORTH
SEA
York
Limerick
Danzig
Kiel
Stralsund
Liverpool
Nottingham
Cork
Frise
Birmingham
10
UNITED KINGDOM
OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND
Norwich
Zuyderze
Lbeck DUCHY OF
Hambourg
MECKLENBURGEms-Oriental
SCHWERIN
BouchesGroningen
Bouchesde-lElbe
du-Weser
Brme
Stettin
GD
EmsOccidental
KIN
OM
OF
US
PR
SIA
Vistula
Warsaw
Pozna
Amsterdam
BouchesEms-Suprieur
de-lYssel
Hannover
The Hague
DUCHY OF WARSAW
YsselMagdeburg
Bouches-de-la-Meuse
Suprieur Lippe
(in personal union with Saxony)
KINGDOM OF
Lublin
Rotterdam
Mnster
WESTPHALIA
BouchesBouchesde-lEscaut Deux- du-Rhin
Southampton
Dover
W
Bruges
Nthes
Leipzig
Dortmund
ese
Escaut Anvers
Plymouth
Breslau
r
KINGDOM OF SAXONY
Gand
Kassel
Lys
MeuseOd
Calais
Bruxelles Infrieure Roer Cologne
Erfurt
er
Dresden
Lille
Dyle
Lige
Jemmapes
ENGLISH CHANNEL
Pas-de-Calais
50
Charleroi
Cracow
Ourthe
Nord
Coblence Giessen
Arras
SambreSomme
Prague
et-Meuse
Rhin-etFrankfurt
Cherbourg
Moselle
Amiens
Le Havre Seine-Infrieure
Forts
Mayence
Wrzburg
Rouen
Luxembourg
Aisne
Ardennes
Sarre
Oise
Caen
Manche
Se
MontNrnberg
Brnn
Calvados
in
Saarbruck Tonnere Mannheim
Eure e
Brest
Reims
PARIS
Moselle
Finistre
Orne
Marne
Ctes-du Nord
SeineMeuse
Stuttgart
Bas-Rhin
Nancy
et-Oise SeineRennes
et-Marne
Meurthe
Mayenne
KINGDOM OF
Eure-et-Loir
Troyes
Morbihan Ille-etStrasbourg
Linz
WRTTEMBERG KINGDOM OF BAVARIA
Vilaine
Pressburg
Sarthe
Ulm
Orleans
Aube
Vienna
HauteVosges
Loiret
Marne
Danube
Angers
Munich
Loire-Infrieure
LoirYonne
Raab
Pest
Maine-et-Loire Tours et-Cher
HauteSalzburg
Nantes
Sane Haut-Rhin
IndreCte-d'Or
n
Basel
et-Loire
Bourges
In
Besanon
Zrich
Dijon
Doubs
Vende
Nivre
Graz
Innsbruck
Luzern
Cher
Deux- Poitiers
Indre
LIECHTENSTEIN
NEUCHTEL Bern
Svres
Vienne
Sane-et-Loire
Carinthie
SWISS CONFEDERATION
Jura
La Rochelle
Allier
Fnfkirchen
HauteCharenteGenve
Creuse
Vienne
Infrieure
Sion
Temeswar
Udine
Trento
Charente
Lman
Ain
Simplon
Limoges
Clermont-Ferrand
Carniole
Agram
Rhne
Loire
Trieste
Lyon
Puy-de-Dme
Croatie-civile
Mont-Blanc
Corrze
45
Doire
Milan
Venice
Istrie Fiume
Croatie-militaire
Sava
Verona
Bordeaux
Dordogne
Saint-tienne Isre
Ssia
Cantal
Haute-Loire
KINGDOM OF ITALY
Belgrade
Gironde
Turin
Grenoble
P
Po
Marengo
Lot
ILLYRIAN
Ardche
Lot-et-Garonne
Taro
Hautes-Alpes
Lozre
Gnes
Drme
Aveyron
Bologna Ravenna
PROVINCES
Landes
Tarn-et-Garonne
Stura
Gnes Apennins
Sarajevo
Zara
Gard
Gers
Vaucluse Basses-Alpes Alpes- Montenotte
SAN MARINO
Toulouse Tarn
Dalmatie
Nmes
Maritimes
LUCCA
Basses-Pyrnes
Montpellier
Florence
HauteTarbes
Hrault
Garonne
Arno
Nice
Mditerrane
Var
Bouches-du-Rhne
Ancona
HautesLivourne
Pyrnes
Pamplona
Aude
Arige
Marseille Toulon
Sienne
Perpignan
Ombrone
PIOMBINO
Trasimne
Raguse
Pyrnes-Orientales
Cardiff
Berlin
Elb
London
Thames
Bristol
50
55
Knigsberg
KINGDOM OF DENMARK
Rh
ine
CONFEDERATION
OF THE RHINE
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Loire
Adige
Rhne
45
AD
Burgos
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
RI
AT
IC
Sgre
Salamanca
KINGDOM OF SPAIN
Ebro
Madrid
40
Pescara
Ter
Zaragoza
Bouchesde-lbre
Rome
Rome
Corse
Ajaccio
Montserrat
Barcelone
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
PONTECORVO
BENEVENTO
Naples
Durazzo
40
KINGDOM OF
SARDINIA
Valencia
Bari
Taranto
Sassari
Kerkira
CORFU
(to France)
Palma
0
KINGDOM OF NAPLES
Tarragone
Toledo
5W
SE
5E
10
15
20
Departments at the maximum extent of the First French Empire

(1812)
Geometrical proposition rejected
to 130 by 1809 with the territorial gains of the Republic and of the First French Empire (see Provinces of the
Netherlands for the annexed Dutch departments). Following Napoleon's defeats in 1814-1815, the Congress
of Vienna returned France to its pre-war size; the number
of departments was reduced to 86, as three of the original departments had been split. In 1860, France acquired
the County of Nice and Savoy, which led to the creation
of three new departments. Two were added from the
new Savoyard territory, while the department of AlpesMaritimes was created from Nice and a portion of the
Var department. The 89 departments were given numbers based on their alphabetical order.
The former provinces (colours) and the departements (limits in
black)
Boundaries were chosen to break up Frances historical regions in an attempt to erase cultural dierences and build a more homogeneous nation.
Boundaries were set so that every settlement in the
country was within a days ride of the capital of the
department. This was a security measure, intended
to keep the entire national territory under close control. This measure was directly inspired by the Great
Terror, during which the government had lost control of many rural areas far from any centre of government.
The old nomenclature was carefully avoided in naming
the new departments. Most were named after an areas
principal river or other physical features. Even Paris was
in the department of Seine.
The number of departments, initially 83, was increased
The department of Bas-Rhin and parts of Meurthe,

Moselle, Vosges and Haut-Rhin were ceded to the German
Empire in 1871, following Frances defeat in the FrancoPrussian War. A small part of Haut-Rhin remained
French, however, and became known as the Territoire
de Belfort, and the remaining parts of Meurthe and
Moselle were merged into a new Meurthe-et-Moselle department. When France regained the ceded departments
after World War I, the Territoire de Belfort was not reintegrated into Haut-Rhin. In 1922, it became Frances 90th
department. Likewise, the Lorraine departments were
not changed back to their original boundaries, and a new
Moselle department was created in the regained territory,
with slightly dierent boundaries from the pre-war department of the same name.
The reorganisation of le-de-France (1968) and the division of Corsica (1975) added six more departments,
raising the total to 96. Counting the ve overseas
departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Runion and Mayotte) the total comes to 101 departments. In 2011, the overseas collectivity of Mayotte became the 101st department.
2.1
Party political preferences
General characteristics
83
executive of a department was the prefect (prfet) who

represents the Government of France in each department
and is appointed by the President of France. The prefect
Main article: Administrative divisions of France
is assisted by one or more sub-prefects (sous-prfet) based
See also: List of French departments by population
The departmental seat of government is known as the in the subprefectures of the department.
The departments are further divided into communes, governed by municipal councils. As of 2013, there were
36,681 communes in France. In the overseas territories,
France
some communes play a role at departmental level. Paris,
the countrys capital city, is a commune as well as a de18 rgions
partment.
es
2 054 cantons
36 658 communes
er
-m
re
ut
d'o
342 arrondissements
un
mm
co
102 dpartements
In continental France (metropolitan France, excluding

Corsica), the median land area of a department is 5,965
km2 (2,303 sq mi), which is two-and-a-half times the median land area of the ceremonial counties of England and
the preserved counties of Wales and slightly more than
three-and-half times the median land area of a county of
the United States. At the 2001 census, the median population of a department in continental France was 511,012
inhabitants, which is 21 times the median population of a
U.S. county, but less than two-thirds of the median population of a ceremonial county of England and Wales.
Most of the departments have an area of between 4,000
and 8,000 km, and a population between 320,000 and
1 million. The largest in area is Gironde (10,000 km),
while the smallest is the city of Paris (105 km). The
most populous is Nord (2,550,000) and the least populous is Lozre (74,000).
The departments are numbered: their two-digit numbers appear in postal codes, in INSEE codes (including social security numbers) and on vehicle number
plates. Initially, the numbers corresponded to the alphabetical order of the names of the departments, but several
changed their names, so the correspondence became less
exact. There is no number 20, but 2A and 2B instead, for
Corsica. Corsican postal codes for addresses in both departments do still start with 20. The two-digit code 98
Population density in the departments (2007), showing the fr: is used by Monaco. Together with the ISO 3166-1 alphaDiagonale du vide
2 country code FR, the numbers form the ISO 3166-2
country subdivision codes for the metropolitan departprefecture (prfecture) or chef-lieu de dpartement and ments. The overseas departments get three digitse.g.
is generally a town of some importance roughly at the 971 for Guadeloupe (see table below).
geographical centre of the department. This was deterOriginally, the relationship between the departments and
mined according to the time taken to travel on horseback
the central government was left somewhat ambiguous.
from the periphery of the department. The goal was for
While citizens in each department elected their own ofthe prefecture to be accessible on horseback from any
cials, the local governments were subordinated to the
town in the department within 24 hours. The prefeccentral government, becoming instruments of national inture is not necessarily the largest city in the department:
tegration. By 1793, however, the revolutionary governfor instance, in Sane-et-Loire department the capital is
ment had turned the departments into transmission belts
Mcon, but the largest city is Chalon-sur-Sane. Departfor policies enacted in Paris. With few exceptions, the
ments may be divided into arrondissements. The capidepartments had this role until the early 1960s.
tal of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture (sousprfecture) or chef-lieu d'arrondissement.
Each department is administered by a departmental coun- 2.1 Party political preferences
cil (conseil dpartemental), an assembly elected for six
years by universal surage, with the president of the These maps cannot be used as a useful resource of
council as executive of the department. Before 1982, the voter preferences, because Departmental Councils are
3 FUTURE
elected on a two-round system, which drastically limits

the chances of fringe parties, if they are not supported
on one of the two rounds by a moderate party. After the
1992 election, the left had a majority in only 21 of the
100 departments; after the 2011 election, the left dominated 61 of the 100 departments. (Mayotte only became
a department after the election.)
Party aliation of the General Council Presidents of the various departments

in the elections of 2011.
Key to the parties:

Divers Centre = Independents of the Centre or
Democratic Movement (Mouvement dmocrate)

in the cantonal elections of 1998.
Divers Droite (DVD) = Independent conservatives

Divers Gauche (DVG) = Independent left-wing
politicians
MPF = Movement for France (Mouvement pour la
France) (right)
Nouveau Centre = New Centre (centre or centreright)
PCF = French Communist Party (Parti Communiste

Franais)
PRG = Radical Party of the Left (Parti Radical de

Gauche)
PS = Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste)
UDF = Union for French Democracy (Union pour
la Dmocratie Franaise) succeeded by Democratic
Movement
UMP = Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour
un Mouvement Populaire)

3 Future
The removal of one or more levels of local government
has been discussed for some years; in particular, the option of removing the departmental level. Frdric Lefebvre, spokesman for the UMP, said in December 2008
that the fusion of the departments with the regions was
a matter to be dealt with soon. This was soon refuted by
douard Balladur and Grard Longuet, members of the
Committee for the reform of local authorities, known as
the Balladur Committee.[2]
Party aliation of the Gen- In January 2008, the Commission for freeing French
eral Council Presidents of the various departments development, known as the Attali Commission, recomin the elections of 2008.
mended that the departmental level of government should
be eliminated within ten years.[3]
4.2
Former departments
Nevertheless, the Balladur Committee has not retained

this proposition and does not advocate the disappearance of the departments, but simply favors the voluntary
grouping of departments, which it suggests also for the
regions, with the aim of reducing the number of regions
to 15.[4] This committee advocates, on the contrary, the
suppression of the cantons.[4]
4
4.1
9A 9L 9D 9C
9F 9H
9J
9E
9B
9K
9R
9G
Maps and tables
9M
Current departments
Each department has a coat of arms with which they are

commonly associated, but not all are ocially recognized
or used. In some departments they are used, but in others
a logo or emblem is used.
4.2
9A 9L 9D 9C
9H
9F
9J
9G
9E
9B
9K
9M
9R
8B
8A
Former departments
4.2.1
Former departments of the current territory

of France
4.2.2
Departments
d'Algrie)
Departments of French Algeria from 1957 to 1962
4.2.3 Departments in former French colonies

of
Algeria
(Dpartements
4.2.4 Departments of the Napoleonic Empire in Europe
There are a number of former departments in territories
conquered by France during the French Revolution and
Napoleonic Empire that are now not part of France:
Notes for Table 7:
1. Where a Napoleonic department was composed of
parts from more than one country, the nation-state
containing the prefecture is listed. Please expand
this table to list all countries containing signicant
parts of the department.
2. Territories that were a part of Austrian Netherlands
were also a part of Holy Roman Empire.
The three Algerian departments in 1848
3. The Bishopric of Basel was a German PrinceBishopric, not to be confused with the adjacent
Swiss Canton of Basel.
Unlike the rest of French-controlled Africa, Algeria was

divided into overseas departments from 1848 until its independence in 1962. These departments were supposed
to be assimilated or integrated to France sometime in
the future.
4. The territories of the Republic of Venice were lost to

France, becoming the Septinsular Republic, a nominal vassal of the Ottoman Empire, from 180007.
After reverting to France at the Treaty of Tilsit,
these territories then became a British protectorate,
as the United States of the Ionian Islands
7
5. Maastricht was a condominium of the Dutch Republic and the Bishopric of Lige.
[2] La fusion dpartement-rgion n'est pas l'ordre du jour.

L'Express. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
6. On 6 June 1805, as a result of the annexation of

the Ligurian Republic (the puppet successor state
to the Republic of Genoa), Tanaro was abolished
and its territory divided between the departments of
Marengo, Montenotte and Stura.
[3] This is stated in the title of the section dealing with Decision 260 on page 197 of the Report of the Attali Commission (French)
7. Before becoming the department of Apennins, the

Republic of Genoa was converted to a puppet
successor state, the Ligurian Republic.
8. Before becoming the department of Arno, the
Grand Duchy of Tuscany was converted to a puppet
successor state, the Kingdom of Etruria.
9. Rome was known as the department du Tibre until
1810.
10. Before becoming the departments of Bouches-duRhin, Bouches-de-l'Escaut, Bouches-de-la-Meuse,
Bouches-de-l'Yssel, Ems-Occidental, Frise, YsselSuprieur and Zuyderze, these territories of
the Dutch Republic were converted to a puppet
successor state, the Batavian Republic (1795
1806), then those territories that had not already
been annexed (all except the rst two departments
here), along with the Prussian County of East
Frisia, were converted to another puppet state, the
Kingdom of Holland.
11. Before becoming the department of Simplon, the
Rpublique des Sept Dizains was converted to a revolutionary Rpublique du Valais (16 March 1798)
which was swiftly incorporated (1 May 1798) into
the puppet Helvetic Republic until 1802 when it became the independent Rhodanic Republic.
12. In the months before Lippe was formed, the
arrondissements of Rees and Mnster were part
of Yssel-Suprieur, the arrondissement of Steinfurt
was part of Bouches-de-l'Yssel and the arrondissement of Neuenhaus was part of Ems-Occidental.
See also
List of French departments by population, area and
population density
130 departments of the First French Empire
ISO 3166-2:FR
EXTERNAL LINKS
References
[1] Ministre de l'intrieur, Les lections dpartementales :

comprendre ce qui change (in French), retrieved 2015-0730
[4] Les 20 propositions du Comit (20 propositions of the

Committee)" (in French). Committee for the reform of
local authorities. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
7 External links
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
8.1
Text
Departments of France Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France?oldid=760098474 Contributors: Kpjas, David

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OwenBlacker, Rlquall, Karl-Henner, Neutrality, Mschlindwein, Hardouin, Picapica, D6, Duja, Discospinster, Ranma9617, Wclark, Vsmith,
Quiensabe, Dbachmann, Bender235, MG~enwiki, El C, Kwamikagami, Markussep, Fufthmin, Touriste, Smalljim, Giraedata, Nk, Rajah,
Rje, Pearle, Alansohn, Free Bear, Arthena, Andrewpmk, Swarve, Denniss, Caesura, Ross Burgess, Ksnow, Velella, AndreasPraefcke, Benson85, Binabik80, Gene Nygaard, Stemonitis, Bobrayner, Woohookitty, PatGallacher, Ddye, Tabletop, Eras-mus, Paxsimius, Mandarax,
MassGalactusUniversum, BD2412, Mayumashu, Erebus555, Vary, Nexcet, Funnyhat, Ligulem, Ewlyahoocom, Str1977, Idaltu, Chobot,
Scoops, Korg, YurikBot, Borgx, Al Silonov, Phantomsteve, RussBot, Pigman, Chris Capoccia, Groogle, Rsrikanth05, Thane, NawlinWiki,
The Ogre, Howcheng, Lexicon, RFBailey, Syrthiss, DeadEyeArrow, Bob247, Orioane, Djramone, Chanheigeorge, Cobblet, Silverhelm,
Willtron, Garion96, Toniher, Roke, Sardanaphalus, A bit iy, SmackBot, David Kernow, C.Fred, Kilo-Lima, Nudimmud, Kintetsubualo,
Athinaios, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Ppntori, Rmosler2100, Bluebot, Jprg1966, SJH, Bazonka, Stevenmitchell, Rarelibra, Peter17,
Sbluen, Wybot, Aaker, AndyBQ, -Ilhador-, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, BrownHairedGirl, Kiwipete, Ian Spackman, Simongraham, Green
Giant, Acumen76, HADRIANVS, Hvn0413, Volker89, Aquarelle, AxG, Neddyseagoon, Andrwsc, Skinsmoke, Iridescent, Bsskchaitanya,
Mbenzdabest, Neurillon, FairuseBot, Chris55, HennessyC, ShakespeareFan00, CmdrObot, Dycedarg, Eric, E.N.G., Ken Gallager, Keithh,
Myasuda, Cydebot, Christian75, JamesAM, Thijs!bot, Qwyrxian, SeNeKa, N5iln, Headbomb, Marek69, A3RO, Dawnseeker2000, Escarbot, Hmrox, Nachum, BokicaK, Seaphoto, Vanjagenije, Random user 8384993, JAnDbot, Miincee, The Transhumanist, Charles01, Pleasetakemeawalk, Joshua, Bongwarrior, TiaF, Gordito666, Mole2, Dane, Caranorn, D.h, Welshleprechaun, DGG, Rettetast, Emeraude, Birdie,
R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, ASDFGH, PrestonH, Tgeairn, Pharaoh of the Wizards, MoiraMoira, Trusilver, Pharos04, DomBot, Maproom,
Acalamari, M-le-mot-dit, Nwbeeson, Wildbear, Juliancolton, Inwind, Xavier Martn, Jplm, Idioma-bot, VolkovBot, AlnoktaBOT, LeilaniLad, DarknessBot, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, A4bot, Aymatth2, Andrein, Broadbot, Jackfork, AlleborgoBot, SPQRobin, Romuald
Wrblewski, SieBot, Coee, MuzikJunky, Ipankonin, Calliopejen1, PsY.cHo, Jdaloner, Lightmouse, KathrynLybarger, Miguel.mateo,
Mercenario97, Mk32, OKBot, Orange Tuesday, Dror dori, Paulinho28, Erico555555, Dancingwombatsrule, ClueBot, The Thing That
Should Not Be, Rodhullandemu, Swedish fusilier, Uncle Milty, Fjournoud, Place Clichy, Parkwells, Piledhigheranddeeper, Aroche, Pras,
Excirial, Alexbot, Jusdafax, Cenarium, Dlebouc, Razorame, Graham1973, Apparition11, RJPe, BodhisattvaBot, Stickee, Dthomsen8,
Avoided, Addbot, Some jerk on the Internet, PCMartinSeattle, Ronhjones, Underwaterbualo, Leszek Jaczuk, N.a 93, LaaknorBot,
Glane23, Favonian, Sportsfan92, The Quill, Numbo3-bot, Ehrenkater, Lightbot, Bermicourt, Luckas-bot, Hagar66, Lacivelle, Mac3387,
BenAllard, SVGBot, Nakor, AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Ulric1313, Strogano, Der Statistiker, JohnnyB256, Am13gore, Xqbot, Khajidha,
Mee Goring plus, Omnipaedista, Earlypsychosis, Weglinde, M0tty, Mattis, DITWIN GRIM, George2001hi, FrescoBot, Mistakender,
Abdul Qayyum Ahmad, Girlwithgreeneyes, XeBot, Oliolioli4568, I dream of horses, Elockid, B-noa, Moonraker, Ashitagaarusa, Reconsider the static, Jauhienij, Crusoe8181, Jjonduncan, SchreyP, Antemister, Bayernraute, Diannaa, Fry1989, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Dakotapie12345678910, Iloveyoudolly, TjBot, Coolguy71, Exopo, 6553eilrahc, Tomchen1989, Superbenjamin, Esoglou, EmausBot, Jrgen
Krause, Priceboy3, Ichigo53, Grindynamite, Wikipelli, Jewippy, Italia2006, Mz7, Ida Shaw, Wackywace, Midas02, Androspapa, SporkBot, Dasniper21, Kpineau, Wayne Slam, Jsayre64, Deorenlimbago, TyA, Thefullback, L Kensington, Donner60, PaulBetteridge, Knochen,
Bjung, Liamwood14, GEOADUDE100, Dudeistan, 28bot, Whoop whoop pull up, ClueBot NG, TrentonMyers, VinculumMan, Jager123,
MelbourneStar, Anand1731, Hopefulromntic, Nickname97, Monsterscreenclean, Daddad321, The Master of Mayhem, Cntras, Ericdropdead, Smmurray1, Exadrid, DeFy18, Nodulation, JWULTRABLIZZARD, Eleventh1, Sadpandaa, TheFossa, Crouchie9999, Sprinkler21, Suprgye, Wiki13, MusikAnimal, Laskdvlxcmnvz.,mxng, LESLIENARTS, Ajwhite417, Agam603, Blinky2k11, KevinHanshiWu,
Wannabemodel, Liam987, Kitten101030, SimonDScott, Taalll12345, Buspirtraz, SFK2, Jamesx12345, ZH8000, ShadowHillsWolf, Blaue
Max, Bobcary123, Daaaaaaaaa, Camyoung54, Ty5ege5y54y765h56, JingoJango1235, RFlavigny, SirBigglesHemmingburgThePompous,
Sarawrayyyy5, SamX, Wtmwarrick24, F6550, TeraCard, Cau7ion, Nalaa~enwiki, Matthewsamuel2002, Andsparkly, Droigheann, Chicowales, Trackteur, ARugh164000, Paolo Kanapi Wwe-Universe, Bodhisattwa, Leonng Arhyos Hrspino, Ms10vc, Tromboner181, IvanScrooge98, Bludmir6, Jean-Philippe Morin, FrenchFootball, Lookinland and Anonymous: 231
8.2
Images
File:Administration_territoriale_franaise.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Administration_
territoriale_fran%C3%A7aise.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Image:Administration territoriale franaise.png Original artist:
ttog
File:Algrie_fr.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Alg%C3%A9rie_fr.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: photograph of c. 1880 map Original artist: Alexandre Vuillemin (1812-1880)
File:Ambox_important.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs)
File:Arms_of_the_Pyrnes-Orientales.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Arms_of_the_Pyr%C3%
A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Heralder
File:Blason22.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Blason22.PNG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Blason29.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Blason29.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
User:Ttog Original artist: User:Ttog
File:Blason52.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Blason52.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Blason76.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Seine-Maritime.
svg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.
8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png'
width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align:
top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_
SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
2x'
data-lewidth='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text'
href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Seine-Maritime.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Koro
File:Blason_Bas_Rhin.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Bas-Rhin.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_
%28green%29.svg.png' width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align: top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
2x'
data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Bas-Rhin.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist:
Image created for the Blazon Project of the French Wikipedia
File:Blason_Boubon-La_Marche.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Blason_Boubon-La_Marche.svg

License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png'
width='88'
height='30' style='vertical-align: top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%
29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_
SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe
source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.
wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_Boubon-La_Marche.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Orror
File:Blason_Dordogne_1.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Dordogne.svg License:
Public domain Contributors:
<a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Dordogne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Anno16
File:Blason_Haut_Rhin.svg
Source:
fr_Haut-Rhin.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Haut-Rhin.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist:
Image created for the Blazon Project of the French Wikipedia
File:Blason_Meurthe-et-Moselle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_

fr_Meurthe-et-Moselle.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Meurthe-et-Moselle.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Darkbob
File:Blason_Meuse.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Meuse.svg
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Meuse.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Alex_erson
8.2
Images
File:Blason_Moselle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Moselle.svg

License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Moselle.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Alex_erson
File:Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Blason_Nord-Pas-De-Calais.
svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%
29.svg.png' width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align:
top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
2x'
datale-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text'
href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_
Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Fhiv
File:Blason_Rouergue.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Blason_Rouergue.svg License: CC-BYSA-3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png'
width='88'
height='30'
style='vertical-align: top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/
132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_
%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code
of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.
org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_Rouergue.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Ayack
File:Blason_Runion_DOM.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg
License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Manassas
File:Blason_Vosges.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Vosges.svg
License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Vosges.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Darkbob
File:Blason_de_la_Guyane.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Blason_de_la_Guyane.svg License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jrme
File:Blason_departement_Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Blason_
d%C3%A9partement_fr_Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.svg License: Public domain Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' datax-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%
29.svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png' width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align:
top' srcset='https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_
%28green%29.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow'
class='external
text'
href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Flying jacket
File:Blason_departement_Bouches-du-Rhone.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Blason_d%
C3%A9partement_fr_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne.svg License: Public domain Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%
1.5x,
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Bouches-du-Rh%25C3%25B4ne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Drome.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
10
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Dr%25C3%25B4me.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Jfblanc
File:Blason_departement_Haute-Vienne.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Haute-Vienne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/88px-Valid_
SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png' width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align: top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
1.5x,
https://upload.
2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Haute-Vienne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Ille-et-Vilaine.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_Ille-et-Vilaine.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Ille-et-Vilaine.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Isere.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Is%C3%A8re.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Is%25C3%25A8re.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Loire.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Loire.svg License:
CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Loire.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Maine-et-Loire.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_Maine-et-Loire.svg License: Public domain Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Maine-et-Loire.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Marne.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Marne.svg License:
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Marne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Morbihan.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Morbihan.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
8.2
Images
11
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Morbihan.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_departement_Var.svg Source:
fr_Var.svg License:
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Var.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_des_Pyrnes-Atlantiques.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques.svg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work, using Image:Meuble
hraldique Fleur de lys.svg, Image:Vache.svg, Image:Lion rampant.svg, Image:Blason Royaume Navarre (ecu francais).svg Original artist:
Peter Potrowl
File:Blason_dpt_fr_85_Vende.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Vend%C3%A9e.svg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Vend%25C3%25A9e.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: User:Jimmy44
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Allier.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Blason_comte_fr_Clermont_
%28Bourbon%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Unknown Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Ardeche.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_
Ard%C3%A8che.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Arige.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Ari%C3%A8ge.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Ari%25C3%25A8ge.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Galaad de Nallys 2/09/2007
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Aude.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Dessin personnel Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Cantal.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Cantal.svg License:
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Cantal.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: User:Gretaz
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Cher.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: uploaded by Syryatsu Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Gers.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Gers.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Haute-Loire.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Haute-Loire.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Haute-Loire.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
12
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Haute-Saone.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_

fr_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Haute-Sa%25C3%25B4ne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpt_fr_HautesAlpes.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Hautes-Alpes.svg License: Public domain Contributors: copie de la rponse du conseil gnral sur ce blason. Bonjour, J'ai bien reu votre
message et vous en remercie. Vous trouverez en pice jointe le blason ociel du dpartement. En vous souhaitant une agrable journe,
Cordialement, -- David MALLERET Conseil Gnral des Hautes-Alpes Service Communication - Webmaster
Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_HautesPyrenees.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg License: Public domain Contributors: derived from Image:Blason65.PNG
Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Landes.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_
Landes.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Site Emblmes de France Original artist: Joan Francs Blanc
File:Blason_dpt_fr_LoireAtlantique_dapres_Robert_Louis.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/
Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Loire-Atlantique.svg License: Public domain Contributors: La banque du blason Blasonnement:
d'hermine la fasce onde d'azur Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Nievre.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ni%
C3%A8vre.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Puy-de-Dome.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Puy-de-D%C3%B4me.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Puy-de-D%25C3%25B4me.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Rhone.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Rh%
C3%B4ne.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Sarthe.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_
Sarthe.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpt_fr_Tarn.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Tarn.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Ain.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Ain.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Ain.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: infoltrage
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Aisne.svg
Source:
<a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
A9partement_fr_Aisne.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Aisne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: User:Spedona
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Ardennes.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_Ardennes.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
8.2
Images
13
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Ardennes.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: User:Spedona 25/09/2007
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Aube.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Aube.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Aube.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Calvados.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Calvados.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Calvados.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Charente-Maritime.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Blason_
d%C3%A9partement_fr_Charente-Maritime.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Charente-Maritime.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Charente.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Charente.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Charente.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Corrze.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Corr%C3%A8ze.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Corr%25C3%25A8ze.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Cte-d'Or.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_C%C3%B4te-d%E2%80%99Or.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.
svg/88px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png' width='88' height='30' style='vertical-align: top' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/132px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 1.5x, https:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.
svg.png 2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external
text' href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%
25C3%25A9partement_fr_C%25C3%25B4te-d%25E2%2580%2599Or.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Deux-Svres.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Blason_d%
C3%A9partement_fr_Deux-S%C3%A8vres.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
14
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Deux-S%25C3%25A8vres.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Doubs.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Doubs.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Doubs.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Essonne.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Essonne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Essonne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Eure-et-Loir.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Eure-et-Loir.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Eure-et-Loir.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Eure.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Eure.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Eure.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Gard.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Gard.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Gard.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Gironde.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Gironde.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Gironde.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Haute-Garonne.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Haute-Garonne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
8.2
Images
15
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Haute-Garonne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Hauts-de-Seine.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Hauts-de-Seine.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Hauts-de-Seine.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Hrault.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_H%C3%A9rault.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Syryatsu
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Indre-et-Loire.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Indre-et-Loire.svg License: Public domain Contributors: No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed
(based on copyright claims). Original artist: No machine-readable author provided. Syryatsu assumed (based on copyright claims).
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Indre.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_
fr_Indre.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Dessin personnel d'aprs le site Emblmes de France Original artist: Jfblanc
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Jura.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Jura.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Jura.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Loir-et-Cher.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_Loir-et-Cher.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Loir-et-Cher.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Loiret.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Loiret.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Loiret.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Lot-et-Garonne.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Lot-et-Garonne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Lot-et-Garonne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Lot.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Lot.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C'
1.5x,
2x'
16
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Lot.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Lozre.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Loz%C3%A8re.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Loz%25C3%25A8re.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Manche.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Manche.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Manche.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Mayenne.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Mayenne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Mayenne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Oise.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Oise.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Oise.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Orne.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Orne.svg License:
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Orne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Sane-et-Loire.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Blason_d%
C3%A9partement_fr_Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Sa%25C3%25B4ne-et-Loire.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Seine-Saint-Denis.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Seine-Saint-Denis.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
8.2
Images
17
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Seine-Saint-Denis.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Seine-et-Marne.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Seine-et-Marne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Seine-et-Marne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Somme.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Somme.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Somme.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Tarn-et-Garonne.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Tarn-et-Garonne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Tarn-et-Garonne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Territoire_de_Belfort.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Blason_
d%C3%A9partement_fr_Territoire_de_Belfort.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Territoire_de_Belfort.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Val-d'Oise.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Val-d%E2%80%99Oise.svg License:
<a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-xrel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
class='external
text'
3AFilepath%2FBlason_d%25C3%25A9partement_fr_Val-d%25E2%2580%2599Oise.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Val-de-Marne.svg Source:
A9partement_fr_Val-de-Marne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Val-de-Marne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Vaucluse.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Vaucluse.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
18
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Vaucluse.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Vienne.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Blason_d%C3%
A9partement_fr_Vienne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
25C3%25A9partement_fr_Vienne.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Yonne.svg
Source:
A9partement_fr_Yonne.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img
alt='W3C'
1.5x,
https://upload.
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File:Blason_dpartement_fr_Yvelines.svg
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alt='W3C'
1.5x,
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25C3%25A9partement_fr_Yvelines.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
File:Blason_paris_75.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Blason_paris_75.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: <a href='//validator.w3.org/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='W3C' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
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SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.
svg/176px-Valid_SVG_1.1_%28green%29.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='91' data-le-height='31' /></a>iThe source code of this SVG is
<a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%
2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FBlason_paris_75.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Manassas
File:Cantonales_1998(dom).png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Cantonales_1998%28dom%29.png
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Cantonales_2008.svg Original artist: Cantonales_2008.svg: Pymouss44
File:Cantonales_2001.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Cantonales_2001.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pymouss44
File:Cantonales_2004.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Cantonales_2004.svg License: CC BY-SA
2.0 fr Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pymouss44
File:Carte_dmographique_de_la_France.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Carte_d%C3%
A9mographique_de_la_France.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Dpartements_de_France.svg Original artist: Dpartements_de_France.svg: Bayo
File:ChassisFiguratif.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/ChassisFiguratif.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.histoire-image.org/site/etude_comp/etude_comp_detail.php?analyse_id=280 Original artist: Comit prs
l'assemble nationale franaise, scan par Centre historique des Archives nationales - Atelier de photographie
File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg
License: Public domain Contributors: Self-drawn using Inkscape and gedit, redrawing of Image:BlasonCORSE.PNG using the head from
Image:Flag_of_Corsica.svg Original artist: MarianSigler {bla}
File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Mayotte.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mayotte.svg
License: Public domain Contributors: Flag of Mayotte (local).svg Original artist: Flag of Mayotte (local).svg]: from the xrmap ag collection 2.9.
File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guadeloupe.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_
Guadeloupe.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: dessin personnel d'aprs cette source Original artist: Brieg
8.2
Images
19
File:Coat_of_arms_of_Martinique.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_
Martinique.svg License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:
1.5x,
2x'
href='//validator.w3.org/check?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FCoat_of_arms_
of_Martinique.svg,,&,,ss=1#source'>valid</a>.
Original artist: Brieg
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Conseils_gnraux_2008.svg Source:
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A9raux_2008.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pymouss44
File:Conseils_gnraux_2011.png Source:
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A9raux_2011.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Conseils_gnraux_2008.svg Original artist: Conseils_gnraux_2008.svg: Pymouss44
File:Dpartements_de_France_English.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/D%C3%A9partements_
de_France_English.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Image:Dpartements de France.svg Original artist:
Original source image Image:Dpartements de France.svg by bayo
File:Dpartements_et_provinces_de_France.png
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/D%C3%
A9partements_et_provinces_de_France.png License: Public domain Contributors:
Departements de France map.svg Original artist: Departements de France map.svg: Superwikifan
File:Flag_of_Brittany_(Gwenn_ha_du).svg Source:
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%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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de_Loire.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Hand-drawn in Inkscape based on visual appearance seen at http:
//www.flagsandanthems.com/state/flag-centre.html. Fleur-de-lys segments cut&pasted from File:Bourgogne ag.svg Original artist:
User:Andrwsc
File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Patricia.di
File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Normandie.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Saebhiar
File:Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-Cote_dAzur.svg
Source:
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Provence-Alpes-Cote_dAzur.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Diades
File:France_L-2_(1812)-fr.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Map_administrative_divisions_of_the_
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Map of Europe in 1811 (French Empire), Cambridge Modern History Atlas, 1912:
1french-empire1811.jpg Original artist: Andrein
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
File:France_maximale.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/France_d%C3%A9partementale.svg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nilstilar
File:Haute_Savoie_blason.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Haute_Savoie_blason.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Jozl1 (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:
Jozl1,,&,,action=edit,,&,,redlink=1' class='new' title='User talk:Jozl1 (page does not exist)'>talk</a>)
File:Hmicycle_2_Palais_Bourbon_scropped_and_smaller.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/H%
C3%A9micycle_2_Palais_Bourbon_scropped_and_smaller.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: http://commons.wikimedia.org/
wiki/File:Hmicycle_2_Palais_Bourbon.jpg Original artist: Chatsam
File:Map_showing_the_Dpartements_of_Algeria_from_1962-1968_and_1968-1974.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Map_showing_the_D%C3%A9partements_of_Algeria_from_1962-1968_and_1968-1974.svg License: CCBY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Image:Algeria_elections_91_by_province.svg by Chabacano Original artist: Escondites
File:Nice_Arms.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Nice_Arms.svg License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors:
Eagle from <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_ancien(aigle).svg'
class='image'><img alt='Blason Bourgogne-comt ancien(aigle).svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/
Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_ancien%28aigle%29.svg/50px-Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_ancien%28aigle%29.svg.png'
width='50'
height='55'
srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_
ancien%28aigle%29.svg/75px-Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_ancien%28aigle%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%A9_ancien%28aigle%29.svg/100px-Blason_Bourgogne-comt%C3%
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File:Office-book.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Office-book.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This and myself. Original artist: Chris Down/Tango project
20
File:Pas_de_Calais_Arms.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Pas_de_Calais_Arms.svg License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: SVG elements from <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blason_Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg'
class='image'><img alt='Blason Beaumont sur Sarthe 72.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_
Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg/50px-Blason_Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg.png' width='50' height='55' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg/75px-Blason_Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_Beaumont_sur_Sarthe_72.svg/100px-Blason_Beaumont_
sur_Sarthe_72.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='600' data-le-height='660' /></a> <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Escudo_de_Arganda_del_Rey.svg' class='image'><img alt='Escudo de Arganda del Rey.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/
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srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Escudo_de_Arganda_del_Rey.svg/75px-Escudo_de_Arganda_
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de_Arganda_del_Rey.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='550' data-le-height='960' /></a>
Used
as
reference:<a
href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blason62.PNG'
class='image'><img
alt='Blason62.PNG'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Blason62.PNG/50px-Blason62.PNG'
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srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Blason62.PNG/75px-Blason62.PNG
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/></a> Original artist: Ipankonin
File:Pays-de-la-Loire_flag.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg License:
CC0 Contributors: agspot.net & double cur from the blason of Vende Original artist: Patricia.di, original author: Herv Pinoteau in
1976.
File:Petite_couronne-2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Petite_couronne-2.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Petite_couronne.svg Original artist: Petite_couronne.svg: User:Mortadelo2005
File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
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File:Savoie_Blason.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Savoie_Blason.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors: Cration personelle selon proposition Robert Louis Original artist: LBC
File:Translation_to_english_arrow.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.
svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work, based on :Image:Translation_arrow.svg. Created in Adobe Illustrator CS3 Original
artist: tkgd2007
File:le-de-France_ag.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Patricia.di
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Departments of France

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Departments of France

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Departments of France

to mean a part of a larger whole. Almost all of them were

Digne les Bains

The 101 departments of France

In 2014, President Franois Hollande proposed to abolish

Each department is administered by an elected body

Main article: Territorial formation of France

Border of the French Empire in 1812

Ourthe Franch departments

Departments at the maximum extent of the First French Empire

The department of Bas-Rhin and parts of Meurthe,

Party political preferences

executive of a department was the prefect (prfet) who

In continental France (metropolitan France, excluding

elected on a two-round system, which drastically limits

Party aliation of the General Council Presidents of the various departments

Key to the parties:

Party aliation of the General Council Presidents of the various departments

Divers Droite (DVD) = Independent conservatives

PCF = French Communist Party (Parti Communiste

PRG = Radical Party of the Left (Parti Radical de

Party aliation of the General Council Presidents of the various departments

Nevertheless, the Balladur Committee has not retained

Maps and tables

Each department has a coat of arms with which they are

Former departments of the current territory

Departments of French Algeria from 1957 to 1962

4.2.3 Departments in former French colonies

The three Algerian departments in 1848

Unlike the rest of French-controlled Africa, Algeria was

4. The territories of the Republic of Venice were lost to

[2] La fusion dpartement-rgion n'est pas l'ordre du jour.

6. On 6 June 1805, as a result of the annexation of

7. Before becoming the department of Apennins, the

[1] Ministre de l'intrieur, Les lections dpartementales :

[4] Les 20 propositions du Comit (20 propositions of the

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Departments of France Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France?oldid=760098474 Contributors: Kpjas, David

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Blason_Boubon-La_Marche.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Blason_Boubon-La_Marche.svg

File:Blason_Meurthe-et-Moselle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_

File:Blason_Moselle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Moselle.svg

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Blason_dpt_fr_Haute-Saone.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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