W orld of Mathematics

What is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to ideas and MethodsSecond Edition

Richard Courant
Herbert Robbins
Ian Stewart
Oxford University Press in New York
1996
592
2009

1. /

1985547
2. /

1985671

2005584

1
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W orld of Mathematics

70

Klein,

Hilbert

1941

What is

Mathematics?

Hermann Weyl, 1885-1955

Marston Morse, 1892-1977

70

Marshall Stone, 1903-

194319451947

1989

1996

Ernst Hellinger, 1883-1950

1978

1967

13

/ /

1951

Richard Courant,

1888-1972

20

/ /

Breslau

Wrocaw

1 http://book.
chaoxing.com/ebook/read_10515719.html
2

- Gian-Carlo Rota,

1932-1999
Gian-Carlo Rota Fabrizio Palombi
Indiscrete Thoughts (Modern Birkhauser
Classics) Birkhauser Boston, 1996
Blank Brian E. Blank, What Is
Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to
Ideas and Methods, book review, Notices of
the American Mathematical Society 48, 11
(December 2001), pp. 1325-1329
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1977

20102011

1910 23

W orld of Mathematics

35
4

7
1935

1933

Constance Reid 8

complete

1934
1935

Herbert Robbins,

1915-2001

91931

Hassler Whitney, 1907-1989

1938

1939

19 60

Jerzy Neyman

convergence 10
3 Methods of Mathematical Physics
Methoden der
mathematischen Physik
4

Differential and Integral Calculus

Vorlesungen ber Differential- und
Integralrechnung

5 Introduction to Calculus and Analysis

Fritz John
6 http://
genealogy.math.uni-bielefeld.de/genealogy
7

8 Constance ReidCourant, Springer

1996
1999

9 Donald Albers and Gerald Alexanderson

(eds.)Mathematical People: Profiles and
InterviewsBirkhuser
1985
10

(, F; P )
(Xn)n1 X

> 0 n1 P ( Xn X ) <

(Xn)n1 (Xn)n1

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W orld of Mathematics

1931

1941

A. Lawrence

1933

William

William Lowell Putnam

Feller, 1907-1970

10

1942

5
Ian Stewart

Warwick University

11

12

14
13

1995

Michael Faraday Medal

1938
Putnam
11 Does

God Play Dice? The New Mathematics

of Chaos,
1995
12 Flatterland,
2008
13 Lifes Other Secret: The New Mathematics
of the Living World,
2002
14 Natures Numbers,
1996
15 Jacques Solomon Hadamard1865-1963,
An Essay on the Psychology of Invention in
the Mathematical Field, New York: Dover
Publications, 1954
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48

15

Martin Gardner

1718

W orld of Mathematics
16

1997

22

16

Peter

Lax, 1926-

12
20

Springer

17

Hurwitz

18

Hans Rademacher, 1892-1969

Vladimir Arnold, 1937-2010

Otto Toeplitz, 1881-

19

1940

Kvant1990

21

22 20 a, b

salon

Mersenne1588-1648

1647

17

Grundlehren

18 Dritte Staffel der Golden

Oldies zusammen mit den beiden modernen
Klassikern von Rademacher/Toeplitz und
Hurwitz Hurwitz

19 1930 Von Zahlen

und Figuren: Proben mathematischen Denkens
fr Liebhaber der Mathematik

The Enjoyment of
Mathematics:Selections from Mathematics for
the Amateur
1981
202002 26 4
104 http://w3.math.sinica.edu.
tw/media
21

Mathematical Omnibus:
Thirty Lectures on Classic Mathematics
Dmitry Fuchs Serge Tabachnikov
2007
Kvant

22 On teaching mathematics, 1997 3 7

Palais de Dcouverte
Uspekhi Mat. Nauk
53 (1998), no. 1 (319), 229234;
Russian Math. Surveys 53 (1998), no. 1,
229236 HTML
http://pauli.uni-muenster.de/~munsteg/
arnold.html
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W orld of Mathematics

5
Otto Toeplitz1.8.1881-15.2.1940
1928 1935

. .
2011 9

a
a

Stephan Cohn-Vossen, 1902-1936
George Polya, 18871985
Felix Klein, 1849-192519

80

1938

9
1947

Felix Klein1849-1925
23

23

/
2008
24

25 Pafnuty Chebyshev1821-1894
-
1 n n 2n

26 A. N. Shiryaev From the Heritage of

A. N. Kolmogorov: The Theory of Probability,
Theory Probab. Appl. 48, pp. 191-220
11

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24

25

Shiryaev 26

W orld of Mathematics

70

New Rochelle

1956

A. D. Aleksandrov

A. N. Kolmogorov M. A.

Lavrent'ev

3 20

I. M.

10

Gel'fand
S. L. Sobolev

O. A. Ladyzenskaja

350

9 1939 1942

2500

1958

Anti-

DEDICATED TO

Courant27

700 800

27 Shiryaev 26 Anticourant

Anti-Courant & Robbins

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W orld of Mathematics

Blank

11

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9 FOUR
COLORS SUFFICE
1976 Wolfgang Haken 10 1971
Kenneth Appel 1 + 1 = 2

W orld of Mathematics

11

13 Albrecht Drer , 1471-1528

17

28

1.

2.

2 2

1882

3.

1796 19

16

C

30

40

B

A

12

14
28

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W orld of Mathematics

Brianchon

18

J. V. Poncelet,

1788-1867

Grard

Desargues, 1591-1661

Dido

ABC A'B'C'

814

15 1967

16 200

ekf
e k + f = 2

29

29

1987

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17

W orld of Mathematics

y=

1
z

log x
1

20

18

1838 Jacob

log x =

1
dz, x > 0
z

log x z y

Steiner, 1796-1863

= 1/z z = 1 z = x

17

log x x 1 (x > 0)

ex

Paul Lvy

1
e = lim 1+
n
n
n

12

19

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W orld of Mathematics

1 1 1
= 1 + +
3 5 7
4

the
best mathematics

1
= arctan1 =
dx
0 1+ x 2
4

= (1 x 2 + x 4 x 5 +)dx

x m dx =

1
m+1

1
1+x 2

9

a

y =

x = 0 x = 1

xn

24

(1 + x)n x 0

13

1939-1941

30

30

The Princeton Companion to

M a t h e m a t i c s VIII. 6, http://press.
princeton.edu/chapters/gowers/gowers_
VIII_6. pdf

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formal mathematics

high vulgarization

local rules

meaningful
mathematics

Mathematics:
Its Content, Methods and Meaning, 1963
MIT

W orld of Mathematics

22

21

14

1958

2009

/ /

32

1901-

1968

31

1916-1976 1941

31

32

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W orld of Mathematics

log ln

log

1930

ln

33

1996 512

Fang

Chung Fan Chung

1949
Gillman
34

15

1.5

1994

1994

Pascal

600

/
331989

2008

34 What Is Mathematics?, book review by

Leonard Gillman, The American Mathematical
Monthly 105, 5 (May 1998), 485488
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W orld of Mathematics

23

60

60

36

Andrew Wiles1953-

35

30

10

35

36

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W orld of Mathematics

24 1937 25 1956

16

1895-1992

Leonard Nelson

1922

1982

1920

1891-1936

1925

1921

37

, 1999 8 11 ,12 ,16

,17

http://
lsec.cc.ac.cn/fengkangprize/FKscan/Fscan1.
pdf
38

http://www.mmrc.iss.ac.cn/wtwu/
.htm
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1902-1961

1927

1984 6

1934

1923

1925

37 38

Richard

Dedekind, 1831-1916

W orld of Mathematics

1928
43
1

1941

1996
1949 1979
1985 /
1985 / 20102011
2
(a)

(b)

26

Integralrechnung39

1939-

1949

951

Richard Courant

401952

41

40 50

50
42

1973

2012 2 10

Vorlesungen ber Differential-und

1927

39

1898-1974

40 http://book.chaoxing.com/
ebook/read_11020691.htmlhttp://book.
chaoxing.com/ebook/detail_80410171.html
41 2010
http://www.infzm.com/content/50601
42

http://math.sjtu.edu. cn/xiaoyou/old/
alumni_news/alumni_news_7.htm
43 1928

1927
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