Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan 2016

Floridas Imperiled Species
Management Plan
2016-2026
Floridas Imperiled Species

Management Plan
Acomprehensive,integratedapproach
fortheconservationofstatelistedspecies
October15,2016
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
FinancialsupportforthisplansdevelopmentwasprovidedbytheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservation
CommissionandtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicesStateandTribalWildlifeGrantsProgram
Acknowledgements
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanistheculminationofsignificanteffortofmanyindividualswithin
andoutsideoftheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission.Theongoing,indepthinvolvementof
stakeholdersandpartnerswaskeytothisplanspublication.Inaddition,theplansauthorswouldliketothank
leaderswithinFWC,whohavecontinuallysupportedtheplansconceptionanddevelopment;stafffrommany
agencydivisions,whoprovidedvaluableexpertiseandinput;andthenumerouspartnersthatdevotedtimeto
reviewingandimprovingdrafts.
Manyworkeddiligently,togetherandwiththeauthors,toanswerthechallengeofconceptualizingthisplan.
TheseincludeAndreaAlden,DavidArnold,MarkBarrett,RobinBoughton,BrianBranciforte,MikeBrooks,Cur
tisBrown,DeborahBurr,RyanButryn,ScottCalleson,CalyCoffey,TerryDoonan,ThomasEason,JimEstes,Ann
Forstchen,KippFrohlich,RolandGarcia,GregGibson,JudyGillan,BobGlazer,JenniferGoff,CarolineGorga,
BonitaGorham,JessicaGraham,WhitneyGray,AndrewGrayson,BradGruver,DaveHankla,DianeHirth,Ted
Hoehn, Cavell Kyser, Jerrie Lindsey, Gil McRae, Maria Merrell, Ron Mezich, Kyle Miller, Emily Norton, Tim
OMeara,TomOstertag,GeorgeOtto,KateHaleyParsons,ChrisPaxton,JoePrenger,KellyRezac,FredRobi
nette,JimRodgers,ScottSanders,SteveShea,BenShepherd,ElizabethSlack,BrianSmith,KentSmith,Lawson
Snyder,BethStys,DanSullivan,MaryTruglio,BillTurner,ShannonWhaley,AmberWhittle,AngelaWilliams,
Shannon Wright, and Michael Yaun. Dr. Michael Thomas, of Environmental Economics, Inc., developed the
impactsassessment.
PrimaryauthorsofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanareLauraBarrett,ClaireSunquistBlunden,
BrieOchoa,andMelissaTucker.
Recommendedcitation:
FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission.2016.FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.Talla
hassee,Florida.
CoverphotographbyDavidMoynahan,FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission.
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FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION
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Foreword
TheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission(FWC)hasalonghistoryofactivelyconservingabroad
diversityoffishandwildliferesourcesincludingnongameandimperiledspecies.WeknowFloridascitizens
andvisitorsvaluethesewildliferesourcesandparticularlyappreciateconservationeffortstomaintainspecies
thatareimperiledandneedmoreattentionandsupport.Tohonorthepublictrustinthisregard,FWChas
dedicatedincreasinglysignificantworkandfundingtosupporttheconservationofnongameandimperiled
speciesandthenaturalcommunitiestheyinhabit.Theseefforts,alongwithstrongsupportfrompartnersand
stakeholders,compriseasenseofcommunityownershipofnongamewildlifeandimperiledspeciesthatwill
helpensuretheirlongtermsurvivalandwelfare.
Floridalawconfirmstheimportanceofprotectingandconservingimperiledwildlifespecies.In2010,FWCap
provedrevisedrulesdirectinghowtheagencyevaluates,lists,andprotectsthesespecies,includingthedevel
opmentofmanagementplansforspecieslistedasThreatenedbythestate,andforspeciesbeingremoved
fromthestateimperiledspecieslist.Sincethattime,FWCstaffhasprovidedqualifiedexpertisenecessaryto
completeFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan(ISMP),representingFWCsfirstcomprehensiveap
proachtothemanagementofmultiplestatelistedspecies.
TheresultingISMPhasbenefittedgreatlythroughwiderangingpartnerengagementthathasfurthergalva
nizedbroadcommunityownershipandsupportforlongtermwildlifeconservationefforts.Stakeholdershave
beenactivelyinvolvedsincetheISMPsinitiation,andtheirfeedbackhasbeencontinuallysoughtandincorpo
ratedthroughouttheplansdevelopment.TheISMPwasdevelopedwiththecontinualapplicationofscience
baseddecisionmaking.Whenintegratedwiththeinsightfulinputofstakeholders,thisapproachhasresulted
inamorecomprehensive,highlyinclusive,andscientificallyrobustapproachtoplanningforconservationand
recoveryofmultiplestatelistedspecies.
TheISMPidentifiesconcentrated,speciesspecificconservationactionsaswellasbroad,integratedstrategies.
ItdirectsFWCsworkforstatelistedspecies,whichincludesleadingimplementationoftheconservationac
tionsidentified,aswellasimplementingSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines:measures
designedtofacilitateconservationthroughvoluntaryactionsandpermitting.TheISMPwillbeimplemented
withintentionalfocusonareasmanagedforconservationandsimultaneouscooperationwithprivateland
ownerstoensurethegreatestlevelofconservationisachievedascosteffectivelyaspossible.Whilesuccessful
implementationoftheISMPwillbeachievedprimarilythroughnonregulatorymeans,someelementsofthe
plan,suchasprotectingspeciesfromunauthorizedtake,ormechanismstoauthorizeallowableincidentaltake,
requiresomeregulatoryframeworkandassociatedrules.
Ourstatelistedspeciesexistintheverylocationsandhabitatswheremanyofusenjoyfishing,hunting,boat
ing,wildlifeviewing,andotheroutdoorrecreationalactivities.TheseplacesaresovaluabletoFloridiansand
ourvisitors,andabigpartofthatvalueisknowingwesharethemwithdiverse,healthy,andinterestingwildlife
communities.Thisplanisdesignedtoensurethelongtermstabilityofthesespecialcommunitiesand,indoing
so,continuebringingvalueandenrichmenttothequalityoflifeweenjoyinFlorida.
NickWiley
ExecutiveDirector
FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission

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ExecutiveSummary
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan(ISMP)istheresultofaprogressiveapproachtoEndangeredand
ThreatenedspeciesmanagementinFlorida.Forthefirsttime,conservationgoals,andactionsnecessaryto
achievethem,arepublishedforFloridasstatelistedspecies(seetheSpeciesActionPlans[SAPs]).Additionally,
astrategic,comprehensiveplantoimproveconditionsforimperiledspeciesispresentedhereinframework
forimplementationoverthenext10years.Thisplan,alongwiththesupportingSpeciesActionPlans,addresses
theneedsof57species.
ThisplanfocusesprimarilyonimprovingtheconservationstatusofFloridasimperiledwildlifethroughreduc
ingtheriskofextinction,maintainingsufficienthabitat,andimprovingpublicandpartnersupportofconser
vationefforts.Toachievethis,ISMPobjectivesfocusontwokeyareas:fillingdatagapsnecessarytoimprove
conservationandmanagement,andmaximizingconservationthroughdirectedcommunication,outreach,and
management.Whiletheseobjectivesmayemphasizepublicconservationareasforimplementation,theim
portanceofprivatelandsinsupportingconservationforimperiledspeciescannotbeundervalued.Therefore,
greatattentionwillbeplacedonworkingcooperativelywithprivatelandownerstosustainandfurthercon
serveimperiledspecies.
Ofthe57speciescurrentlyincludedintheISMP,37arelistedasstateThreatened,fivearelistedasSpeciesof
SpecialConcernbythestate,and15havebeenremovedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpecies
List (seeTable 1). Addressing the needsofFloridas imperiled wildlife is a broad challenge, which FWC has
elevated as one ofsix agency strategicinitiatives fromthe Agencys20142019 StrategicPlan.Threeother
strategicinitiatives(ConservationThroughInnovation,ExpandingParticipationinConservation,andConflict
Wildlife)alsodirectlysupportISMPobjectives,andthefocusontheseinitiativeswillcomplementsuccessful
implementationoftheISMP.
TheISMPwasinitiatedfollowingCommissionapprovedregulatorychangestoChapter68A27,F.A.C.,Rules
RelatingtoFloridasEndangeredorThreatenedSpecies,requiringitsdevelopment.Thus,theregulatorycom
ponenttothisplanincludesfulfillmentofthatrequirementthroughchangestotheFloridaAdministrativeCode
rules.Ruleamendmentsincludelistingstatuschanges,possessionlimits,cleanupofcrossreferencedrules,
andclarificationorsimplificationoflanguagewhereneeded(Table5outlinesproposedrulechanges).
Inadditiontoprovidingadequatespeciesprotections,theregulatorycomponentoftheISMPalsoaimstoim
proveclarity,efficiencies,andpermittingoptions.SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines
willbepreparedforall57speciesandwillprovideessentialinformation,includinghabitatrequirementsand
relatedprotectionsastheyapply.TheseGuidelineswilloutlinewhenapermitisrequired,whatactivitiesare
allowedwithoutapermit,andotherimportantinformationsuchasbufferzonesorseasonalrestrictions.They
willalsoinclude(whenapplicable)minimizationoptionstoavoidimpacttoaspeciesandpreempttheneedfor
apermit.
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanisorganizedintosixchapters.
The Introduction provides background on the history of imperiled species management in Florida and de
scribestheinitialdevelopmentandtimelineforFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.
LawandPolicydescribestheregulatoryauthorityinplaceforprotectingFloridasEndangeredandThreatened
speciesandexplainschangesinpermitting,rules,andpolicies.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TheSpeciesActionPlanSummariescontainsynopsesofthemajorthreats,conservationgoals,andkeyactions
detailedinthecompleteSpeciesActionPlans.ThecompleteSAPsoutlinerecommendedconservationactions
andhowtheymaybeimplemented.Theyalsoserveasavaluableresourcetolandmanagers,researchers,local
governments,andotherpartnersastheydetailthestepsnecessarytoachieveindividualspeciesconservation
goals,includingimprovingstatustothepointthatsomespeciesmaybedelisted.TheSAPsarefoundationalto
theISMP,servingasoneoftheplanskeybuildingblocks.Theirimplementationiscriticaltomeetingspecies
specificconservationobjectives.
Theintegratedconservationstrategiesidentifycommonelementsacrossspecies.Thesemanagementstrate
giesaddresstheneedsof,andareintendedtobenefit,multiplespeciesandhabitatsconcurrently.Theinte
gratedconservationstrategiesweredevelopedwithcarefulevaluationofpotentialconflicts,emergingissues,
resourcelimitations,andlandscapescaleconsiderations.Integratedactionsserveasthestepstoimplement
theintegratedconservationstrategies.LiketheSAPs,theintegratedconservationstrategiesarefundamental
totheISMP,andaredesignedtoleadustowardsachievingtheISMPgoal.
Implementationoutlinesourapproachforprioritizingandmanagingresourcestomaximizetheeffectiveness
oftheISMPandtomakemeaningfulconservationprogress.Conservingorimprovingthestatusofimperiled
speciestoeffectivelyreducetheriskofextinctionrequiresbroadpublicandpartnersupport.FloridaFishand
WildlifeConservationCommissionwillactivelyengageacrossouragency,withpartnersandthepublic,toim
proveimperiled species managementat both regional and statewide levels. Thischapter alsooutlinespro
posedISMPprogressmonitoringandareviewandrevisionschedule.
TheImpactsAssessmentaddressestheecological,sociological,andeconomicimpactsassociatedwithimple
mentingornotimplementingtheISMP.Thissectionidentifiespotentiallyaffectedpartiesandpotentialcosts
orbenefitstothoseparties.FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissioncountson,andwillinclude,
substantialinputfromstakeholdersfortheimpactsassessment.

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TableofContents
Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................................ii
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................iii
ExecutiveSummary..............................................................................................................................................iv
ListofTables.......................................................................................................................................................vii
ListofFigures.....................................................................................................................................................viii
Glossary................................................................................................................................................................ix
ListofAcronyms..................................................................................................................................................xii
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................1
Goalandobjectives...........................................................................................................................................1
Speciesincludedinthisplan.............................................................................................................................2
Imperiledspeciesmanagementsystem...........................................................................................................5
Plandevelopment.............................................................................................................................................6
Contributionstoimperiledspeciesmanagement..........................................................................................10
Benefitsofthecomprehensiveandintegrativeapproach.............................................................................13
LawandPolicy....................................................................................................................................................14
Laws................................................................................................................................................................14
FWCpermitting...............................................................................................................................................24
Rulesandstatutes...........................................................................................................................................30
Policies............................................................................................................................................................34
SpeciesActionPlanSummaries..........................................................................................................................39
Mammals........................................................................................................................................................40
Birds................................................................................................................................................................48
Reptiles...........................................................................................................................................................69
Amphibians.....................................................................................................................................................81
Fish..................................................................................................................................................................85
Invertebrates..................................................................................................................................................94
IntegratedConservationStrategies....................................................................................................................97
Researchandmonitoring................................................................................................................................99
Habitatconservationandmanagement.......................................................................................................106
Incentivesandinfluencing............................................................................................................................109
Lawandpolicy..............................................................................................................................................113
Educationandoutreach................................................................................................................................113
Logisticalsupportandinfrastructure............................................................................................................119
Implementation................................................................................................................................................127
Implementationapproach............................................................................................................................128
Implementationresources............................................................................................................................144
Implementationprocess...............................................................................................................................146
ImpactsAssessment..........................................................................................................................................150
Ecologicalimpacts.........................................................................................................................................150
Socialimpacts...............................................................................................................................................151
Economicimpacts.........................................................................................................................................152
LiteratureCited.................................................................................................................................................165

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ListofTables
Table1.The57speciesincludedinFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan,2016..................................4
Table2.SpeciesconservationgoalsidentifiedintheSpeciesActionPlans.........................................................8
Table3.Stateregulatoryprogramsthatmayimpactorconsiderimperiledspeciesortheirhabitats..............22
Table4.Minimizationmeasures.........................................................................................................................27
Table5.ProposedrulechangesinsupportofimplementingFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan..31
Table6.IntegratedconservationstrategiesandactionsandassociatedSpeciesActionPlanactions............121
Table7.PriorityactionstodeterminethestatusofdatadeficientSpeciesofSpecialConcernby2017........130
Table8.Datagappriorities................................................................................................................................133
Table9.Timelinefordevelopmentofamonitoringroadmap.........................................................................135
Table10.Objective4implementation:regionalassessmentsdevelopmenttimeline.....................................137
Table11.ImplementationprioritiesforFWCdivisionsandoffices..................................................................139
Table12.Objective5implementationtimeline...............................................................................................140
Table13.Objective6implementationtimeline...............................................................................................144
Table14.Examplesofstakeholdersandinterestcategories...........................................................................153
Table15.Taxonomyofpossiblecosts(C)resultingfromISMPimplementation.............................................156
Table16.Taxonomyofpossiblebenefits(B)ofISMPimplementation............................................................157
Table17.AnevaluationofproposedF.A.C.rulechangeswithrespecttoeconomicimpacts.........................162
Table18.StateThreatenedspecies,andthepotentialfactorstoconsiderinassessingimpacts...................164

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ListofFigures
Figure1.SpeciesincludedinFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan(ISMP)for20162026...................3
Figure2.ImperiledSpeciesManagementPlandevelopmenttimeline..............................................................10
Figure3.Integratedconservationstrategies(ICSs)............................................................................................98
Figure4.GoalandobjectivesofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.............................................127
Figure5.MeansbywhichpublicinteractionwithFWCleadstoconservationgains.......................................141

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Glossary
Bestmanagementpractices:Methods,measures,orpractices(oftenvoluntary)thataredeveloped,selected,
orapprovedbyvariousagenciestoprovideguidancetolandownersandotherstoprotect,enhance,andpre
servenaturalresources,includingwildlifehabitat.ExamplesincludetheFloridaDepartmentofAgricultureand
ConsumerServicesFloridaForestryWildlifeBestManagementPracticesandtheFloridaAgriculturalWildlife
BestManagementPractices.
Breeding:Animalsarepresentandengagedinbehaviorsuchascourtship,nestscraping,territorialdefense,
egglaying,and/orcaringfordependentyoung.
Citizenscience:Scientificresearchconducted,inwholeorinpart,byamateurornonprofessionalscientists.
Crypticspecies:Thosespeciesthatmaynotbeeasilyobserved,tracked,orsurveyedduetocamouflageor
behaviorratherthanrarity.
Endemic:Nativeto,andrestrictedto,adefinedgeographicarea.
Environmental Resource Permit program: A state ofFlorida program that regulates activities involving the
alterationofsurfacewaterflows.PermitapplicationsinthisprogrammaybeprocessedbyeithertheFlorida
DepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionoroneofthestateswatermanagementdistricts.
Essentialbehavioralpatterns:Behaviorsassociatedwithbreeding,feeding,orsheltering.
Federalcandidatespecies:PlantsandanimalsforwhichtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehassufficientinfor
mationontheirbiologicalstatusandthreatstoproposethemasendangeredorthreatenedundertheEndan
geredSpeciesAct,butforwhichdevelopmentofaproposedlistingregulationisprecludedbyotherhigher
prioritylistingactivities.
Federallylistedspecies:ThosespeciesprotectedunderthefederalEndangeredSpeciesAct,includingfederally
EndangeredspeciesandfederallyThreatenedspecies.
FloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList:FloridaslistofwildlifedesignatedasfederallyEndangered
orThreatened,stateThreatened,orstateSpeciesofSpecialConcerninaccordancewithRules68A27.003,and
68A27.005,F.A.C.
FloridasWildlifeLegacyInitiative:Aprogramdesignedtocombineeffectivestatewideplanningwithregional
partnershipdevelopmenttoimplementwildlifeconservationactionsatthelocallevel.
Harass:AsdefinedbyRule68A27.001(4),F.A.C.,inthedefinitionoftakeforstateThreatenedspecies,means
anintentionalornegligentactoromissionthatcreatesthelikelihoodofinjurytowildlifebyannoyingittosuch
anextentastosignificantlydisruptnormalbehavioralpatternsthatinclude,butarenotlimitedto,breeding,
feedingorsheltering.
Harm:AsdefinedbyRule68A27.001(4),F.A.C.,inthedefinitionoftakeforstateThreatenedspecies,means
anactthatactuallykillsorinjuresfishorwildlife.Suchanactmayincludesignificanthabitatmodificationor
degradationwhereitactuallykillsorinjureswildlifebysignificantlyimpairingessentialbehavioralpatterns,
includingbreeding,feeding,orsheltering.
Imperiledspecies:AspeciesthatislistedonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListinaccordance
withRules68A27.003and68A27.005,F.A.C.,orprotectedbydesignationunderthefederalEndangeredSpe
ciesAct.
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GLOSSARY
Incidentaltake:Anytakingotherwiseprohibited,ifsuchtakingisincidentalto,andnotthepurposeof,the
carryingoutofanotherwiselawfulactivity(asdefinedinRule68A27.001(5),F.A.C.).
IntegratedConservationStrategy:Conservationstrategiesdesignedtomeettheneedsofmultiplespeciesand
theirhabitats,withsupportingactionsintendedtoimprovetheconservationstatusofFloridasimperiledspe
cies.
Intentionaltake:AsdefinedinRule68A27.007(2)(a),F.A.C.,intentionaltakeistheresultofactivitiespur
poselycarriedouttocausethetake;forexample,collectionofanimalsforscientificresearch.
LowerKeys:TheareafromBigPineKeytoKeyWest.
Marginalbenefits:Amountpeoplearewillingtopayorgiveinordertoobtainadditionalgoodsorservices.
Marginalcosts:Thosecostsassociatedwithproducingadditionalunitsofgoodsorservices.
Manmadestructures:Structurescreatedbypeople,whichmayormaynotbeintendedforusebywildlife.
Structuresinclude(butarenotlimitedto)buildings,bridges,utilitypoles,signs,equipment,heavymachinery,
pipes,loadingdocks,andbatandbirdhouses.
Minimizationmeasures:Actionsintendedtoaddresstheevaluationfactorsconsideredduringtheincidental
takepermittingprocessdescribedinRule68A27.007(2)(b),F.A.C.,forstateThreatenedspecies,andtoulti
matelyreducetakeofthespecies.
Mitigation:Oneofthemeasuresintendedtoaddresstheevaluationfactorsconsideredduringtheincidental
takepermittingprocessdescribedinRule68A27.007(2)(b),F.A.C.,forstateThreatenedspecies,andtoulti
matelycounterbalancetakeofthespecies.
Rangelimitedspecies:Thosespeciesthatoccurinonlyoneortwocounties,orinnarrowstripsofhabitatin
uptofivecounties.
Regionalstaff(FWC):Agencystaffofthefiveregionaloffices:Northwest(8502653676);NorthCentral(386
7580525);Northeast(3527321225);Southwest(8636483200);andSouth(5616255122).
Singleuse nest: A nest that is used by a species once for nesting activities and is rarely, if ever, reused in
subsequent nesting attempts by the same species. StateThreatened species that rarely reuse nests are
Wakullaseasidesparrow,Scottsseasidesparrow,Worthingtonsmarshwren,Mariansmarshwren,reddish
egret,littleblueheron,roseatespoonbill,tricoloredheron,whitecrownedpigeon,Americanoystercatcher,
snowyplover,blackskimmer,leasttern,andFloridasandhillcrane.
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines(Guidelines):Guidelinesthatcontainspeciesspe
cificinformationonthehabitatandrangeofspecies,providetechnicalassistanceonconservationpractices
andavoidingtake,andidentifythepermittingoptionsavailablewhentakewilloccur.DetailsinGuidelinesvary
basedonthelistingstatusofthespecies.
Speciesevaluationrequest:AnevaluationofaspeciesforlistingonorremovalfromFloridasEndangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesListasdescribedinRule68A27.0012,F.A.C.
SpeciesFocalArea:Areascontainingfeatures(suchasuniquepopulationunitsorhabitattypes)importantto
thelongtermconservationofaspecies,asidentifiedinSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuide
lines.
Species of Greatest Conservation Need: In Florida this includes animals that are at risk or are declining as
identifiedinChapter3ofFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan.Itincludesfederallylistedandstatelistedspecies
aswellasmanyotherspecieswhosepopulationsareofconcern.
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GLOSSARY
SpeciesofSpecialConcern:Atemporarycategoryofprotectionforspeciesdeterminedtobedatadeficient
duringtheBiologicalStatusReview,andaffordedtheprotectiondescribedinRule68A27.005,F.A.C.,which
declaresthatnopersonshalltake,possess,transport,orsellanyspeciesofspecialconcernincludedinthis
subsectionorpartsthereofortheirnestsoreggsexceptasauthorizedbypermitfromtheexecutivedirector,
permitsbeing issued uponreasonable conclusion thatthe permitted activitywillnot be detrimentaltothe
survivalpotentialofthespecies.Forpurposesofthissection,thedefinitionofthewordtakeinRule68A1.004,
F.A.C.,applies.
Statelistedspecies:ThosespecieslistedonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListasstatedesig
natedThreatenedorstateSpeciesofSpecialConcern.
StateThreatened:SynonymouswithstatedesignatedThreatenedandThreatened.Astatedesignationfor
anyspecies,subspecies,orisolatedpopulationoffishorwildlife(includinginvertebrates)thatisnativetoFlor
idaandmeetsthecriteriadescribedinRule68A27.0001(3),F.A.C.,andisaffordedtheprotectionsdescribed
inChapter68A27.00,F.A.C.
Take: 1) For stateThreatened species (Rule 68A27.001(4), F.A.C.): to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot,
wound,kill,trap,capture,orcollect,ortoattempttoengageinsuchconduct.2)ForSpeciesofSpecialConcern
(Rule68A1.004(79),F.A.C.):taking,attemptingtotake,pursuing,hunting,molesting,capturing,orkillingany
wildlifeorfreshwaterfish,ortheirnestsoreggsbyanymeanswhetherornotsuchactionsresultinobtaining
possessionofsuchwildlifeorfreshwaterfishortheirnestsoreggs.
Wildlife/HabitatManagementPlan:Generalsiteinformationaswellasthemethods,measures,practices,or
actionstobeimplementedtoaddressstateThreatenedspeciesandSpeciesofSpecialConcernobservedor
reasonablylikelytooccuronaprojectsitethatisthesubjectofactivitiespermittedinaccordancewithboth
Chapter373,PartIVandChapter378,PartII,FloridaStatutes.

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ListofAcronyms
AHCR
AquaticHabitatConservationandRestoration
AHRE
AquaticHabitatRestorationandEnhancement
BCA
Benefit/costanalysis
BMP
Bestmanagementpractice
BRG
BiologicalReviewGroup
BSR
BiologicalStatusReview
CCAA
CandidateConservationAgreementwithAssurances
CCB
CooperativeConservationBlueprint
CCCL
CoastalConstructionControlLine
CRP
ConceptualReclamationPlan
CSA
CoordinatedStatusAssessments
DEP
FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection
DRI
DevelopmentofRegionalImpact
ERP
EnvironmentalResourcePermit
ESA
EndangeredSpeciesAct
ETDM
EfficientTransportationDecisionMaking
F.A.C.
FloridaAdministrativeCode
FDACS
FloridaDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServices
FNAI
FloridaNaturalAreasInventory
F.S.
FloridaStatutes
FWC
FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission
FWLI
FloridasWildlifeLegacyInitiative
FWRI
FishandWildlifeResearchInstitute(divisionofFWC)
GIS
Geographicinformationsystem
HCP
HabitatConservationPlan
HSC
HabitatandSpeciesConservation(divisionofFWC)
ICS
IntegratedConservationStrategies
IFAS
InstituteofFoodandAgriculturalSciences
INRMP
IntegratedNaturalResourceManagementPlan
ISMP
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan

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LIST OF ACRONYMS
IUCN
InternationalUnionforConservationofNature
LAP
LandownerAssistanceProgram
NOAA
NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration
NRCS
NaturalResourceConservationServices
REDI
RuralEconomicDevelopmentInitiative
SAP
SpeciesActionPlan
SERC
StatementofEstimatedRegulatoryCosts
SFA
SpeciesFocalArea
SGCN
SpeciesofGreatestConservationNeed
SSC
SpeciesofSpecialConcern
SWERP
StatewideEnvironmentalResourcePermit
SWG
StateWildlifeGrantsprogram
TNSM
ThreatenedandNongameSpeciesManagement
UMAM
UniformMitigationAssessmentMethod
USFWS
U.S.FishandWildlifeService
WaterCAT FloridaWaterResourceMonitoringCatalog
WCPR
WildlifeConservation,Prioritization,andRecoveryprogram
WHMP
Wildlife/HabitatManagementPlan
WMA
WildlifeManagementArea
WMD
WaterManagementDistrict

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Introduction
Thefirstofitskindforstatelistedspecies,FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan(ISMP)isa10year
plancreatedtoaddresstheconservationneedsofmultiplespeciesthroughacomprehensiveapproach.The
approachistwofold:useintegratedstrategiestobenefitmultiplespeciesandsimultaneouslyaddressindivid
ualspeciesneeds.Thiscomprehensiveapproachisastrategiccoursetoimperiledspeciesconservationand
management,anditincreasestheopportunitytouseavailableresourcestobenefitagreaternumberofspecies
andeffectivelyimproveconditionsforFloridaswildlifestatewide.Thestrategiespresentedareintendedto
minimizethreatsandreversenegativeimpacts,andtoaddressthecomplexityofimprovinghabitatconditions
formultiplespecies.
Goal and objectives

DevelopmentofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanwasacrossagencyeffort,withsignificantinput
frompartnersandstakeholders.Theresultisablueprintforstatewidemanagementofimperiledspecies,the
purposeofwhichistoimprovemanagementandconservationbyreducingtheriskofextinction,maintaining
biodiversity,andimprovingpublicandpartnersupportforconservationefforts.Conveyingidentifiedthreats
andknownspeciesneeds,aswellaspromotingopportunitiesforthepublicandpartnerstoimprovecondi
tionsforwildlife,arecriticalcomponentsofthisplan.ThroughimplementationoftheISMP,FloridaFishand
Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) intends to improve the conservation status of Floridas imperiled
wildlifethroughstrategicmanagement,research,andoutreach.Progresswillbemeasuredandevaluatedand
appropriatecoursecorrectionsmade,withtheknowledgethatadjustmentsforemerginginformationandis
sueswillbenecessary.
Thegoalandobjectivesofthisplanlargelyfocusontwokeyareas:fillingdatagapstoimproveconservation
and management, and maximizing conservation through directed communication, outreach, and manage
ment.Considerablegapsinknowledgeexistformanyimperiledspecies(somehavebeenlistedinFloridafor
morethan30yearsandonlylimitedresearchandmonitoringhavebeenconductedforcertainspecies).To
effectivelyimprovethestatusofthesespecies,ourunderstandingofspeciesspecificattributesandrequire
mentsmustimprove.Directedcommunication,outreach,andmanagementforFWCstaff,ourpartners,and
thepublicareimportantforincreasingsupportandachievingtheresultsnecessaryforimperiledspeciescon
servation.Targetingoutreachtospecificaudienceswillimproveitseffectiveness(Haubold2012),andFWCwill
continuetoexpandeffortstodothis(e.g.,providingGuidelinesandbestmanagementpracticestolandowners
andlandmanagers).ThisplanemphasizesFWCscommitmenttoworkcooperativelywithprivatelandowners,
aswellasmanagersofpublicconservationlands,toimproveconservationforspeciesincludedinthisplan.
ThisplanistheresultofaprogressiveapproachtowildlifeconservationinFlorida.Throughpublicengagement
andclosepartnershipswithstakeholders,othergovernmentagencies,andnongovernmentalorganizations,a
streamlined,comprehensive,andprioritizedprocesshasbeencarefullydesignedtofacilitatesuccessfulcon
servationofFloridaswildlife.Throughimplementation,coordinationandcollaborationwiththemanypartners
thatsupportISMPsdevelopment,willcontinuetobeacriticalcomponentofsuccessfullyachievingtheplans
goal.

1
1
INTRODUCTION
PrioritiesfortheISMParereflectedinsixobjectives,whichtogethersupportachievementoftheISMPgoal.
Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan goal

Withbroadpublicandpartnersupport,conserveorimprovethestatusofimperiledspeciestoeffectivelyre
ducetheriskofextinction.
Objective 1
By2017,conductnecessaryresearchandreevaluatethefivespeciesdesignatedasSpeciesofSpecialConcern.
Objective 2
By2020,complete15percentofdatagapactionsidentifiedinSpeciesActionPlansandby2025,30percent.
Objective 3
By2025,implementamonitoringplanforallspeciesincludedinFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan
withanexistingsurveyprotocol.
Objective 4
By2016,completearegionalassessmentfortheFWCNorthwestregionandby2020foreachoftheotherFWC
regions.
Objective 5
By2017,focusatleast10percentofagencyresourcesonsupportingimplementationofFloridasImperiled
SpeciesManagementPlanandSpeciesActionPlans.
Objective 6
By2018,developasystemtoaccountforprotectionsandconservationgainsforspeciesincludedinFloridas
ImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanthroughouttherangeofFWCengagementwithpartnersandstakehold
ers.
Species included in this plan

ImperiledspeciesarethosethatFloridaisindangeroflosingthatis,speciesthatfacethreatstolongterm
survival.ThespeciesincludedinthisplanarethoselistedonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList
asstatedesignatedThreatenedorSpeciesofSpecialConcern(SSC)inotherwords,statelistedspeciesand
thosespeciesthatwerefoundtonolongerwarrantlistingandwereremovedfromFloridasEndangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesList.
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanisdesignedtoaddresstheneedsof57species(seeTable1):
37statedesignatedThreatenedspecies,
FiveSpeciesofSpecialConcern,and
15delistedspecies(i.e.,speciesremovedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList).
SpeciesremovedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListin2016areincludedinthisplan,and
conservationactionsareidentifiedforeachtopreventthemfromagainbecominglisted,asrequiredbyChap
ter68A27,FloridaAdministrativeCode(F.A.C.).TheSpeciesofSpecialConcernlistingstatusisexpectedtobe
phasedoutbytheendof2017,onceupdatedBiologicalStatusReviews(BSRs)forthefiveSpeciesofSpecial
Concernarecompleted.FollowingtheupdatedBSRsforSSCs,arecommendationwillbemadetoeitherre

2
2
INTRODUCTION
movethespeciesfromthelistorretainitasThreatened.Thiswillallowforasinglestatelistingstatus(Threat
ened),inaccordancewiththeintentofthe2010rulechangesinChapter68A27,F.A.C.
In2010,changestotherulesrelatingtoEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesinitiatedBSRsforallstatelisted
species,andrequiredmanagementplandevelopmentforthosewithoutadraftorfinalmanagementplan.As
seeninFigure1,speciesincludedintheISMPdonotincludethosethatappearonFloridasEndangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesListasfederallyEndangeredorfederallyThreatened.
Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan includes:

StateThreatenedSpecies
andSpeciesofSpecial
Concern
SpecieslistedonFlorida's
Endangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesList
thatdidnot,asof2013,
haveamanagementplan
(draftorfinal).
Speciesremovedfromthe
statelistin2016
Speciesremovedfrom
Florida'sEndangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesListin
2016.Thesespecieswill
rolloutoftheISMP
followingthe10year
revision(in2026),unless
relisted.
Speciesthatbecomestate
listedpriortoISMP
revisionin2026
Anyspeciesthat,through
anevaluationrequestfor
listingonFlorida's
Endangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesList,
undergoesaBiological
StatusReview,meets
statelistingcriteria,and
becomeslisted.
Figure 1. Species included in Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan (ISMP) for 2016-2026.
AnyspecieslistedinthefuturewillbeincorporatedintoFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.Species
maybeconsideredforadditionto,orremovalfrom,FloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListthrough
submissionofaspeciesevaluationrequestorbyemergencylistingrequestasdescribedinRule68A27.0012,
F.A.C. For a species evaluation requestto be complete, the species must undergo a biological vulnerability
screening(anevaluationprocessusingspecificcriteriatodetermineaspeciesbiologicalscore),followedbya
BSR.EmergencylistingdeterminationsmadeeffectiveonatemporarybasisbyExecutiveOrdermustbeap
provedorterminatedbytheCommission.Ifitisdeterminedthatthespeciesmeetscriteriatobeaddedtoor
removedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList,aSpeciesActionPlan(SAP)willbedeveloped
(orrevised,ifonealreadyexists)withinoneyear.UponapprovalbytheCommission,thespecieswillbeadded
toorremovedfromthelistinaccordancewithRule68A27.0012,F.A.C.,andtheISMPwillbeamendedac
cordingly.

3
3
INTRODUCTION
Table 1. The 57 species included in Florida's Imperiled Species Management Plan, 2016.
Delisted
Species of
Special Concern
Threatened
2016
Status
Taxa
Threatened (T)
Species of Special Concern (SSC)
Delisted in 2016
(DL)
Mammals
4
2
2
Birds
16
1
4
Common Name
Reptiles
7
1
4
Amphibians
2
0
2
Fish
6
1
2
Scientific Name
Invertebrates
2
0
1
Total
37
5
15
57species(asof2016)
Status Change
BigCypressfoxsquirrel
Evergladesmink
SanibelIslandricerat
Sherman'sshorttailedshrew
Americanoystercatcher
Blackskimmer
Floridaburrowingowl
Floridasandhillcrane
Leasttern
Li leblueheron
Marian'smarshwren
Reddishegret
Roseatespoonbill
Sco 'sseasidesparrow
Snowyplover
SoutheasternAmericankestrel
Tricoloredheron
Wakullaseasidesparrow
Whitecrownedpigeon
Worthington'smarshwren
Barbour'smapturtle
Floridabrownsnake(LowerKeys)
FloridaKeysmoleskink
Floridapinesnake
Keyringnecksnake
Rimrockcrownedsnake
Shorttailedsnake
Floridabogfrog
Georgiablindsalamander
Blackmouthshiner
Bluenoseshiner
Crystaldarter
Keysilverside
Saltmarshtopminnow
Southerntessellateddarter
BlackCreekcrayfish
SantaFeCavecrayfish
Sciurus niger avicennia

Neovison vison evergladensis
Oryzomys palustris sanibeli
Blarina shermani
Haematopus palliatus
Rynchops niger
Athene cunicularia floridana
Angone canadensis pratensis
Sternula anllarum
Egrea caerulea
Cistothorus palustris marianae
Egrea rufescens
Platalea ajaja
Ammodramus marimus peninsulae
Charadrius nivosus
Falco sparverius paulus
Egrea tricolor
Ammodramus marimus juncicola
Patagioenas leucocephala
Cistothorus palustris griseus
Graptemys barbouri
Storeria victa
Plesodon egregius egregius
Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus
Diadophis punctatus acricus
Tanlla oolica
Lampropels extenuata
Lithobates okaloosae
Eurycea wallacei
Notropis melanostomus
Pteronotropis welaka
Crystallaria asprella
Menidia conchorum
Fundulus jenkinsi
Etheostoma olmstedi maculaceps
Procambarus pictus
Procambarus erythrops
RemainingT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
RemainingT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
RemainingT
SSCT
RemainingT
RemainingT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
SSCT
Homosassashrew
Sherman'sfoxsquirrel
Osprey(MonroeCounty)
Alligatorsnappingturtle*
Harlequindarter
Sorex longirostris eionis

Sciurus niger shermani
Pandion haliaetus
Macrochelys temminckii
Etheostoma histrio
RemainingSSC
RemainingSSC
RemainingSSC
RemainingSSC
RemainingSSC
Easternchipmunk*
Floridamouse
Brownpelican
Limpkin
Snowyegret
Whiteibis
Peninsularibbonsnake(LowerKeys)
Redratsnake(LowerKeys)
Stripedmudturtle(LowerKeys)
Suwanneecooter
Gopherfrog
PineBarrenstreefrog
LakeEus spupfish
Mangroverivulus
Floridatreesnail
Tamias striatus
Podomys floridanus
Pelecanus occidentalis
Aramus guarauna
Egrea thula
Eudocimus albus
Thamnophis sauritus sackenii
Pantherophis guatus
Kinosternon baurii
Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis
Lithobates capito
Hyla andersonii
Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi
Kryptolebias marmoratus
Liguus fasciatus
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
TDL
SSCDL
TDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
SSCDL
* Specieslis ngstatusrecommenda onhaschangedsinceSpeciesAc onPlandevelopmentduetonewdata,

warran ngrevisionoftheBiologicalStatusReview.SeeSAPSummariesformoreinforma on.
Species are color coded by taxa:
INTRODUCTION
Imperiled species management system

Background
From1972to1999,FloridasprocessforaddingorremovingspeciesfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatened
SpeciesListdidnotincludefixedcriteriaorastandardizedspeciesevaluationprocess.In1999,withtheassis
tanceofstakeholders,FWCadoptedalistingprocessthatincludesquantitativecriteriabasedontheInterna
tionalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).In2003,FWCrespondedtostakeholderconcernsaboutthe
managementofimperiledspeciesbybroadeninggrouprepresentationtofindasolution.Followingenhance
mentstothelistingprocess,FWCcontinuedtoworkwithabroaderpoolofpartnersandstakeholderstofur
therrefinetheevaluationandmanagementofimperiledspecies,andtoaddresspublicconcerns.
Current system
In 2010, FWC officially adopted the imperiled species
managementsystemthroughchangestoChapter68A27,
Components of FWCs imperiled
F.A.C.Thelistingprocess,acriticalpartofimperiledspe
species management system
cies management (Haubold 2012), is only one of many
components of Floridas approach to imperiled species
Measurable listing criteria
Biological Status Reviews
management;thisisanimportantdistinctionandwaskey
Management plan development
to achieving stakeholder support. The system includes
(through Species Action Plans
measurablecriteriausedtodetermineaspecieseligibil
and Floridas Imperiled Species
ity for listing on Floridas Endangered and Threatened
Management Plan)
SpeciesList,requiresBiologicalStatusReviewsforspecies
beingconsideredforadditiontoorremovalfromthelist,
andspecifiesmanagementplandevelopmentforallspe
ciesbeingaddedtoorremovedfromthelist(seesidebar).
Conservationactionsnecessarytoaddressthreatstoaparticularspeciesorsuiteofspecies,includingprotec
tiveprovisionssuchaspermittingstandardsorpossessionlimits,arecomponentsofamanagementplan.Spe
ciesnotalreadylistedandbelievedtobeathighriskofextinctionmaybeevaluatedduringtheallocatedannual
timeframe,orimmediatelyifanemergencylistingrequestissubmitted,withtheintenttominimizethreats
andimpactsandtoimprovethestatusofimperiledspeciesandreducethepotentialneedforfuturefederal
listing.
Desired future condition

Thinkingbeyondjustthelistingprocesstoconsiderthedynamicsofaneffective,comprehensivemanagement
systemledFWC,inpartnershipwithstakeholders,todefinethedesiredfutureconditionoftheimperiledspe
ciesmanagementsystemas,
AFloridawherenonativespeciesgoesextinctduetohumanactionorinaction;speciesdeclinesarehalted
or reversed; species conservation is coordinated among partners; biodiversity is maintained; adequate
fundingisavailableforspeciesconservation;andtheimportanceofspeciesconservationisfullysupported
bythepublic.
Realizingthedesiredfutureconditionfortheimperiledspeciesmanagementsystemreliesheavilyontheef
fectivedevelopmentandimplementationoftheISMP.ThiswillnotbeachievedbyFWCorotherstateorfed
eralagenciesalone;successdependsonpartnershipswithstakeholdersandthecitizensofFlorida.Withmany

5
5
INTRODUCTION
endemicspeciesandamosaicofuniquenaturalcommu
nities, wildlife management in Florida has been influ
enced by numerous stakeholders, agencies, programs,
andplans.Otheragencyandpartnerplanningeffortsand
the resulting resources continue to influence conserva
tionplanning.Theyhaveprovidedafoundationandestab
lishedastandardtowhichtheISMPwasdeveloped,and
theywillcontinuetobeintegraltoFloridaswildlifeman
agement.
Nine factors of an effective

imperiled species management
system (Haubold 2012)
Resources
Partnerships
Communication and outreach
Policy, regulation, enforcement
Science and technology
Designation of at-risk species
Conservation activities
Species and habitat
Public support
Ninemajorfactors(seesidebar)areidentifiedaskeyto
aneffectiveimperiledspeciesmanagementsystem(Hau
bold 2012), none of which should be considered inde
pendently.Forexample,withoutresourcesorpublicsup
port,conservationactivitiescouldnotoccur.Ifaspecies
status is not accurately determined through the listing
process, which typically requires good science, the species might not receive the directed conservation it
needs.Conversely,iflistedwhennotatrisk,itmighttakeresourcesawayfromotherspeciesneedingdirected
management(Haubold2012).
Plan development
DevelopmentofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanbeganin2010,followingCommissionapproval
ofchangestotheThreatenedandEndangeredSpeciesRule,andhasinvolvedhundredsofagencystaffmem
bers,partners,andstakeholders.Theresultingplanisacomprehensiveapproachtowildlifemanagement.The
public,partners,andstakeholdershavebeenactivelyengagedindevelopinganintegratedandcomprehensive
plan.DevelopmentoftheISMPhasincludedBiologicalStatusReviews;developmentofSpeciesActionPlans;
andevaluationofsharedneeds,emergingissues,andavailableprotectivemeasures;followedfinallybythe
developmentofintegratedconservationstrategies(ICSs)(Figure2).Thestrategiesandactionspresentedin
thisplanaredesignedtobenefitmultiplespecies.Theyarenot,however,intendedtoreplacespeciesspecific
needsidentifiedinSpeciesActionPlans,speciesmanagementplans,orSpeciesConservationMeasuresand
PermittingGuidelines;rather,thesedocumentsserveascomponentsoftheISMPsholisticapproach.
Thebalanceofusingintegratedstrategiesandsimultaneouslyaddressingtheneedsofindividualspeciesisa
strategiccoursetoachievingtheISMPconservationgoal:Withbroadpublicandpartnersupport,conserveor
improvethestatusofimperiledspeciestoeffectivelyreduceoftheriskofextinction.
Biological Status Reviews

Immediately following adoption of the 2010 changes to Chapter 68A27, F.A.C., Biological Review Groups
(BRGs)appointedbyFWCevaluatedthosespeciesalreadyonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpecies
List.ThegroupsconductedBiologicalStatusReviewsforallspeciesonthelistthathadnotreceivedareview
inthepastdecade61intotal.Inaccordancewiththenewlyadoptedevaluationcriteria(underRule68A
27.0012(2)(b),F.A.C.),theBRGslookedatpopulationsizeandtrends,distributionandrange,threatstothe
species,populationviabilitymodels,andaspectsofthelifehistorythatmayinfluencetherangewideandFlor
idaspecificstatus,accordingtotheGuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesandCriteria(IUCN2001)
andGuidelinesforApplicationofIUCNRedListCriteriaatRegionalLevels(IUCN2003).TheBRGsalsoconsid
eredinformationsubmittedbythepublicandthebestavailablescientificandcommercialbiologicaldatafor
6
6
INTRODUCTION
thespeciestodetermineifitsstatusmetlistingcriteria.Over200externalexpertsandstaffwereinvolvedin
developmentandpeerreviewoftheapprovedBSRs.
FollowingtheBiologicalStatusReviews,FWCstaffultimatelyrecommendedthat40speciesbelistedasThreat
enedonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.BasedonFWClistingcriteria,evidenceindicated
that16specieswerenotfacingahighriskofextinction,andstaffrecommendedremovingthemfromthelist.
ThesespecieshavepublishedSpeciesActionPlansandwillcontinuetoreceivemanagementandprotection
adequatetopreventthembeingrelistedonFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.Staffrecom
mendedthatfivespecies,forwhichkeyinformationisunknown,remainSpeciesofSpecialConcern,withthe
intenttopursueadditionalinformationsufficienttodeterminewhethertheymeetlistingcriteria(seeTable1
forspecificlistingstatuschanges).
The FWC Commissioners agreed with the recommendations and directed staff to proceed with developing
managementplansforspeciesthatdidnotalreadyhaveadraftorfinalmanagementplan.Ofthe61state
listedspeciesthathadnotundergoneaBiologicalStatusReviewinadecade,one(theFloridablackbear[Ursus
americanusfloridanus])hadadraftmanagementplan,andthree(Atlanticsturgeon[Acipenseroxyrinchusox
yrinchus],pillarcoral[Dendrogyracylindrus],andFloridabonnetedbat[Eumopsfloridanus])becamefederally
listedandarenotincludedintheISMP.Thisleavesatotalof57speciesincludedintheISMP.
Species Action Plans

SpeciesActionPlansoutlinethemanagementactionsnecessarytominimizetheimpactsofknownthreats,
improvehabitatconditions,andstreamlineeffortstoconserveandrecoverthespecies.TheFWCstaff,part
ners,andnumerousstakeholderswereinvolvedindevelopingSpeciesActionPlanstoaddresstheneedsofthe
speciesevaluatedduringtheBSRs.Followingpublicreview,SpeciesActionPlanswerepublishedinNovember
2013andfinalizedwithCommissionapprovalascomponentsoftheISMP.GoalsfortheSpeciesActionPlans
weredeterminedbasedontherecommendedlistingstatusandconsiderationofthelistingcriteriatriggered
for each species (Table 2). For Threatened species, goals were developed with intent to improve species
status so it can be removed from listing and not again need to be listed. However, for those Threatened
species with a limited range, goals were developed to improve the species status so it is secure within its
historical range. For the few remaining Species of Special Concern, goals include gathering information
necessary to determine the species status. For species being removed from the list (delisted), goals were
developedwithintenttomaintainorimprovethespeciesstatussothespecieswillnotneedtoberelistedin
the future. In support of the selected conservation goal, each Species Action Plan includes specific
management objectives and prioritized conservation actions. Speciesspecific actions, categorized among
habitat conservation and management, population management, research and monitoring, rule and
permitting intent, law enforcement, incentives and influencing, education and outreach, and coordination
with other entities, are included along with identified partners and organizations that are key to
implementation. Conservation actions are primarily nonregulatory, and directly support the ISMP through
their emphasis on filling knowledge gaps and maximizing conservation though directed communication,
outreach,andmanagement.

7
7
INTRODUCTION
Table 2. Species conservation goals identified in the Species Action Plans.
Species Listing Status
Species Action Plan Conservation Goals

GoalsforThreatenedspecieswerecreatedwiththeintenttoimprovethe
conservationstatusofthespeciestoapointthatthespeciescanberemoved
fromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListandwillnotagain
needtobelisted.
Threatened
ForThreatenedspeciesthathaveaverylimitedrange,occurinfewerthan
10locations,and/orhaveapopulationtotalinglessthan1,000mature
individuals,goalswerecreatedwiththeintenttoimprovetheconservation
statusofthespeciestothepointthatthespeciesissecurewithinits
historicalrange.
SpeciesofSpecialConcern
Goalsaredesignedtodeterminetheconservationstatusforthespecies.
Delisted
Goalsforspeciesbeingremovedfromthelistwerecreatedwiththeintent
thattheconservationstatusofthespeciesismaintainedorimprovedsothat
thespecieswillnotneedtoberelistedonFloridasEndangeredand
SpeciesActionPlanswillberevisedwithinsevenyears,andmaybeupdatedsooner,asprogresstowardobjec
tivesoradditionalinformationnecessitates.StaffwilldeveloparollingscheduletoavoidrevisingallSAPswithin
thesameyear.Ifanyadditionalspeciesaredeterminedtomeetstatelistingcriteria,aSAPwillbeprepared
withinoneyearofCommissionapprovaloftherecommendedlistingstatus.
CriticaltotheISMP,SAPsassesscurrentconditionsandprioritizetheactionsandresourcesneededtoimprove
speciesconservationstatus.ImplementationoftheSAPsisongoing,withmanyactionsalreadyinprogress,
anditisthroughthespeciesspecificactionsthatintegratedconservationstrategiesemerged.WhileSAPspro
videthedetailedstepsnecessarytoimprovetheconservationstatusforindividualspecies,theISMPoutlines
theimplementationstrategiestoensurethatbenefitsaremaximized,resourcesareappliedinthemosteffec
tivemanner,andwildlifepopulationsaremanagedholistically.
Integrated conservation strategies

WhileSAPsidentifythreatsandoutlineconservationneedsforindividualspeciesorgroupsofspecies,ICSstake
amorecomprehensiveapproachbyfocusingonhigherlevelstrategiesandtheintegratedactionsthatbenefit
multiplespeciesandtheirhabitats.IntegratedconservationstrategiesfacilitateimplementationoftheSAPs
whilealsoconsideringemergingissuesandpotentialconflicts,therebyfocusingimplementationonareasand
issuesthatwillyieldthehighestlevelofconservationforthegreatestnumberofspecies.Whilethe14ICSs
describeintegration ofspecies needs; habitat needs; and staff time, effort, andresources, they are notin
tendedtomeetthecompleteneedsofallspecies.SpeciesspecificneedsoutsideoftheICSsarenotdiscounted
andwillbeaddressedsimultaneouslywithICSimplementation.
AccomplishingtheICSsandtheirintegratedactionsrequirescommunicationandcoordinationacrossagency
andpartnerboundaries,aswellaswithstakeholders.Effectiveprogressdependsonimplementationatare
gionalandlandscapescale,andconsiderationoftheneedsofotherspeciesnotincludedinthisplan.Comple
mentaryprogramsandcoordinationofappliedresourceswillachievethemostconservationforthegreatest
numberofspecies.
8
8
INTRODUCTION
Law and policy

TheLawandPolicychapterwascarefullydevelopedwithintenseconsiderationofthenonregulatorycompo
nentsoftheplan.The2010rulechangestoChapter68A27,F.A.C.,includedrevisionofthetakedefinition.
Take,asdefinedinRule68A27.001(4),F.A.C.,extendsprotectiontostateThreatenedspecieswiththeaddi
tionoftakeresultingfromharm(whichmayincludesignificanthabitatmodificationordegradationthatresults
inactualinjuryordeathbyimpairingessentialbehavioralpatternsincludingbreeding,feeding,orsheltering)
andharassment(anintentionalornegligentactoromissionthatcreatesthelikelihoodofinjurytowildlifeby
annoyingittosuchanextentthatnormalbehavioralpatternsaredisrupted).ForSpeciesofSpecialConcern
anddelistedspecies,takeinRule68A1.004(79),F.A.C.,appliestoandprotectsthesespecies,andtheirnests
oreggsfrompursuing,hunting,molesting,capturing,orkilling,unlessotherwiseallowedinanalternaterule
chapter(seetakeinGlossary).
Take,asdefinedinF.A.C.rules,isfundamentaltothedevelopmentandimplementationofpermittingguidance
andfuturespeciesprotections.SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines(Guidelines)willin
cludebothnonregulatoryandregulatoryguidance,asappropriate,andwillbeanadditionalresourcetothe
SAPsinprovidingspeciesspecificconservationdetails.Dependingonlistingstatus,theGuidelineswillbetai
loredtoprovideinformationrelevanttothespecies,suchashabitatsthatsupportessentialbehavioralpatterns
foreachspecies,andrelatedprotectionsastheyapply.Notallspecieswillhavethesamelevelofdetailinthe
Guidelines,evenamongthosewithasharedlistingstatus.TheCurrentProtectionssectionwillfirstidentify
rulesfortakeofstateThreatenedspeciesorSpeciesofSpecialConcern.Anyadditionalprotectionsforstate
ThreatenedspeciesorSpeciesofSpecialConcernorprotectionsfordelistedspecieswillalsobesummarized
withreferencetotheapplicablerule,statute,orfederalregulation.Additionalprotectionsmayincludepos
sessionlimits,feedingprohibitions,orfederalrequirementsformigratorybirds.Throughcollaborationamong
staff,partners,andstakeholders,SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelineswillbedeveloped,
andwhencompletedwillbepresentedtotheCommissionforapproval.TheGuidelineswillberevisedaswar
ranted,followingpublicreview,andCommissionapproval.
Ourlevelofknowledgeandunderstandingoflifehistoryandecologyvarieswidelyamongthespecies.Because
ofthecrypticnatureofsomespecies,simplyfindingthempresentsachallenge;therefore,attemptingtoin
terpretwhenactionsoractivitiesmayresultintakeforcrypticspeciesisnotalwayspossibleandcouldleadto
inefficientandunreasonableresults.Thisplanopenlyacknowledgesthatthemanagementapproaches,even
amongstateThreatenedspecies,willadaptbasedonourlevelofknowledgeandunderstandingoftheessen
tialbehavioralpatternsforeachindividualspecies.
Implementation
PartnersandstakeholdershaveprovidedsignificantinputintothedevelopmentofFloridasImperiledSpecies
ManagementPlan.TheISMPalongwiththeassociatedSpeciesActionPlans,laws,policies,andSpeciesCon
servationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesformstheroadmaptoguideustowardimprovingconditions
forFloridasimperiledspecies.WhileFWCwilltaketheleadincoordinatingandsupportingtheISMPsimple
mentation,theagencywillstillrelyveryheavilyonotherstateandfederalagencies,ourkeypartners,and
engagedstakeholderstoprovidethenecessaryinputandresourcesforsuccessfulimplementation.Withso
much unknown about many statelisted species, a significant focus for this plans first 10 years is to fill
knowledgegapsnecessarytoimprovemanagementandconservationforthesespecies.
Inadditiontofillingknowledgegaps,identifyingmoresystematic,coordinatedapproachestoimperiledspecies
managementandconservationareprioritiesforachievingourgoal.Eachoftheaboveobjectiveswillbemon

9
9
INTRODUCTION
itored,andprogresswillbereportedannually.BecausetheISMPoutlinesimplementationofintegratedstrat
egiessimultaneouswithcompletingactionsthataddressindividualspeciesneeds,annualprogressreporting
willalsoincludeaspeciesupdatetodocumentachievementsonprioritizedspeciesactionsintheSAPs.
AformalreviewofISMPprogresswilloccurfiveyearsafterplanapproval.Thisreviewwillincludeanassess
mentofthesixmeasurableobjectives,summarizeprogressonSAPsandICSs,andincludeinputfromkeypart
nersandstakeholders.Assessingprogressmidwaythroughtheplans10yearrevisiontimeframewillallow
for thoughtful evaluation on any changing priorities, consideration of emerging issues, sharing of lessons
learned,andformalengagementwithstakeholders.
TheISMPisaguidingpartofanoverallimperiledspeciesmanagementapproachtosupportFloridaswildlife
diversity.AchievingthegoaloftheISMPwilltakemanyyears,inpartduetothemagnitudeofthechallenges
facingstatelistedspecies,andinpartduetothebiologyandconservationneedsofsomespecies.Becauseof
thecomplexityofimplementingtheISMP,thisplanprovidesthedirectionandsideboardsforimplementation,
whileallowingforflexibilityinhowtoproceed.Assessingthepotentialimpactsofimplementingornotimple
mentingtheISMPinformsFWCastobetterfulfillitsmissionofmanagingfishandwildliferesourcesfortheir
longtermwellbeingandthebenefitofpeople.
TheISMPalsoincludesanassessmentofecological,social,andeconomicimpactsintheImpactsAssessment
chapter,preparedwithstakeholderinput.Theimpactsassessmentlooksatpotentialcostsandbenefits of
implementing, or not implementing, theplan. Proposed rule changesthatmay haveeconomic impacts are
individuallyaddressedinTable17.
Imperiled
species
management
systemadopted
withchangesto
Chapter68A27,
F.A.C.(effective
Nov2010)
SpeciesAction
Plans
developed,
reviewedby
partnersand
stakeholders,
thenrevised
Integrated
Conservation
Strategies
developed,
reviewed,and
revised
Florida's
Imperiled
Species
Management
Planapproved
bythe
Commission
2010
2011 2013
2013 2014
2016
2011
2013
2014 2016
FWCstaff
recommends
listingstatus
forspeciesthat
underwent
peerreviewed
Biological
StatusReviews
FinalDraft
SpeciesAction
Plans
presentedto
the
Commission
Florida's
Imperiled
Species
Management
Plan
developed,
reviewedby
stakeholders,
andrevised
Figure 2. Imperiled Species Management Plan development timeline.
Contributions to imperiled species management

Florida,hometomanyendemicspeciesanduniquenaturalcommunities,isamongthemostbiologicallydi
versestatesintheU.S.(NatureServe2002).WildlifemanagementinFloridahasbeeninfluencedbynumerous
10
10
INTRODUCTION
stakeholders,agencies,programs,andplans.Inadditiontotheircontributionstoimprovingwildlifediversity
inFlorida,theprogramsandresourcesoutlinedbelowareamongthosethathavemostinfluenceddevelop
mentoftheISMPandwillbeinstrumentalintheISMPssuccessfulimplementation.
FWC Agency Strategic Plan

TheAgencyStrategicPlanisacomprehensiveroadmaptoaccomplishingFWCsmissionofmanagingfishand
wildliferesourcesfortheirlongtermwellbeingandthebenefitofpeople.TheAgencyStrategicPlanoutlines
strategicinitiatives:areaswheresignificantgainsareneededintheshortterm.Strategicinitiativesidentify
programsandconservationchallengestowhichFWCiscommittedtomakingmeaningfulprogressinthenext
fiveto10years.CompletingtheISMPandbeginningimplementationofprioritizedspeciesactionsandinte
gratedconservationstrategiesisoneofthesixstrategicinitiativesinthe20142019AgencyStrategicPlan.
Floridas Wildlife Legacy Initiative

ThefederalStateandTribalWildlifeGrantsProgram,createdbytheU.S.Congressin2000,encouragesefforts
toprotectandconservewildlifebeforetheybecomeimperiled.Florida'sStateWildlifeGrantsProgram(SWG)
issupportedbythefederalStateandTribalWildlifeGrantsProgram,whichprovidesannuallyappropriated
fundingtoeverystateandterritory.Asarequirementofparticipatinginthisprogram,Floridadevelopeda
StateWildlifeActionPlan,whichidentifieslistedandnonlistedspeciesdeemedtobeatriskordeclining.Inthe
State Wildlife Action Plan, these atrisk species are referred to as Species of Greatest Conservation Need
(SGCN).TheSWGisamatchinggrantsprogramthatprovidesfinancialsupportforprojectsthataddresscon
servationneedsidentifiedinFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan.
TomeettheintentoftheStateandTribalWildlifeGrantsProgram,andtofurtherthegoalsofFloridasState
WildlifeActionPlan,FWCcreatedFloridasWildlifeLegacyInitiative(FWLI).Anonregulatoryprogram,FWLIis
designedtocombineeffectivestatewideplanningwithregionalpartnershipdevelopmenttoimplementcon
servationactionsatthelocallevel.PartnersareessentialinidentifyingandimplementingpriorityFWLIgoals
thatsupportFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan.TheFWLIgoalsdirecttheuseofSWGfundingandotherFWC
resources.
ThroughFWLI,FWChasworkedwithmorethan100partnerstosecure$33millioninfundingandmatching
contributionstoundertakeapproximately200projectsthatincludehabitatrestoration,research,surveying
andmonitoringtofillspeciesdatagaps,andotherconservationprojectsonbothpublicandprivatelands(FWC
2012).InformationgatheredhashelpedguidemanagementofSpeciesofGreatestConservationNeed.Other
supportedactivitiesincludeprescribedfireteams,coralmonitoringandrecovery,springsworkinggroups,wa
terquality improvement, and seagrass restoration and monitoring. Projects that address the actions and
threatsidentifiedinFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlancomplementimplementationoftheISMP.Together,
bothplanswilladdressthreatstoFloridasimperiledandatriskwildlife.
Promoting Wildlife Diversity

MaintainingwildlifediversityisthecorefocusofFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan.TheWildlifeConservation,
Prioritization, andRecovery (WCPR)program within FWC assists FWC land managers in prioritizingspecies
needs.Section259.105(2)(a)11,F.S.,requiresthatotherlandmanagementagenciesconsultFWCaboutman
agementactivitiesrelatedtoimperiledspecies,andFWCthenprovidestechnicalassistanceandothersupport
thatnonFWClandmanagersneedtoimprovewildlifeconservationonFloridaspubliclands.StafffromFWC
commentsonavarietyofdevelopmentandlandconversionprojectsduringtheplanningphase,andthrough

11
11
INTRODUCTION
thisprocess,speciesneedsareconsidered,withoptionstominimizeorpreventimpactsandimproveland
scapelevelplanningforconservationanddiversity.Otherlandscapelevelprogramsthataddresswildlifedi
versityincludethefederalLandscapeConservationCooperativeandtheFWCledCooperativeConservation
Blueprint(CCB).TheseprogramshaveinfluencedISMPdevelopmentbytheirrequestsformorerefinedinfor
mationregardingimperiledspecies.Inordertoprovidespeciesspecifichabitatmanagementrecommenda
tionsorrelaythehigherlevelneedsformultipleimperiledspecies,theinformationhadtobecompiledand
evaluated.TheSpeciesActionPlans,integratedconservationstrategies,SpeciesConservationMeasuresand
PermittingGuidelinesallcomponentsofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanprovidetherefined
informationthatFWCwillusetoofferconsultationandtechnicalassistanceregardingimperiledspeciescon
servationandmanagementinFlorida.ThroughdevelopmentandimplementationoftheISMP,FWChasin
creasedand,willcontinuetoincrease,asappropriate,theresourcesnecessarytoprovidemoreconsultation,
technicalassistance,andcommentingrelatedtostatelistedspecies.
State-federal coordination
OncespeciesarefederallydesignatedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA),theappropriatefederalagency
(NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationFisheries[NOAAFisheries]orU.S.FishandWildlifeService
[USFWS])assumestheleadroleforconservationofthosespecies.Thetransitiontofederallistingunderthe
ESAdoesnotentirelyendtherolethatstateagenciesmayhaveinresearchormanagementforaparticular
species.TheUSFWSInteragencyPolicyRegardingtheRoleofStateAgenciesinESAActivitiessummarizesthe
authorityunderwhichstateandfederalagenciesworktogethertoprotectfederallylistedspecies.TheFWCis
highlyengagedwithUSFWSandNOAAFisheriesinconservationandmanagementactivitiesformanyfederally
listedspecies,including,forexample,theFloridagrasshoppersparrow(Ammodramussavannarumfloridanus),
Atlanticsturgeon,Gulfsturgeon(Acipenseroxyrinchusdesotoi),multiplebeachmice(Peromyscusspp.),and
Easternindigosnake(Drymarchoncouperi).
Thethreespeciesthatbecamefederallylistedbetweenthe2010BSRsandthe2016publicationoftheISMP
(Atlanticsturgeon,pillarcoral,andFloridabonnetedbat)arenotincludedintheISMP;however,theinfor
mationintheirSpeciesActionPlansishighlyvaluableindevelopingfederalrecoveryplansandidentifiesprior
ityactionsthatFWCstaffcansupportasthespeciestransitionfromstatetofederaloversight.Whilefederal
agencies(NOAAFisheriesorUSFWS)willultimatelyassumetheleadroleforconservationofthosethreespe
cies,FWCwillcontinuetoworkcloselywithourfederalpartners,asisdoneforotherfederallylistedspecies.
Manylandscape andhabitatlevel activities benefit both statelisted andfederally listed species; thus,any
recommendationsforstatelistedspeciesortheirhabitatsmustalsosupporttheprotectionoffederallylisted
speciesandtheirhabitats.
TheUSFWS,NOAAFisheries,andFWCarealsoworkingcloselyinresponsetotherecentmultidistrictlitigation
petitiontolistmorethan300speciesunderthefederalESA.ManyofthesepetitionedspeciesareonFloridas
EndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList,anddevelopmentandimplementationoftheSAPsandtheISMPmay
helppreventtheneedforlistingatthefederallevel.Forsomespecies,suchasBarboursmapturtle,alligator
snappingturtle,andFloridapinesnake,federallyfundedprojectsareunderwaytofilldatagapsnecessaryto
fullyimplementSpeciesActionPlansandprovideinputtostatusreviewsatthefederallevel.
In addition to the federal agency coordination for petitioned species, FWC actively participates in recovery
planningsetforthinSection4ofthefederalESA.Ongoingrecoveryteamand/orrecoveryplanninginvolve
ment by FWC staff includes the Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri), Florida scrub jay
(Aphelocomacoerulescens),Floridamanatee(Trichechusmanatuslatirostris),andFloridapanther(Pumacon
colorcoryi),amongothers.

12
12
INTRODUCTION
Section6ofthefederalESAoutlinescooperativeworkwiththestates.FloridasSection6Agreement,revised
in2012,isanexcellentexampleoffurtheringjointmanagementefforts.InadditiontostandardSection6lan
guagethatallowsstatestosurveyandmonitorfederallylistedspeciesandprovidessomefundingformanage
mentofthesespecies,theagreementbetweenFloridaandUSFWShastheflexibilityforFloridatoissuepermits
forfederallylistedspecies,ifconditionsareagreedonbyboththestateandfederalagencies.FloridasSection
6AgreementisintendedtohighlightthetrulycooperativenaturebetweenFWCandthethreeUSFWSfield
offices located in Florida, an approach that began in 2003 with development of the Manatee Forums. The
ManateeForumsbeganwithagoalofincreasingcooperationbetweenFWC,USFWS,andstakeholdergroups.
InadditiontotheSection6Agreement,Floridaplaysanactiveroleinotherfederalconservationprograms,
includinghabitatconservationplans(HCPs)andsafeharboragreements,bothofwhichassistnonfederalland
ownerswhoencounterfederallylistedspeciesontheirproperties.StafffromFWCprovidesthetechnicalas
sistancenecessaryforFloridalandownersandmunicipalitiestoenrollintheseprograms.Overthelastdecade,
FWChasassistedinthedevelopmentofHCPsandlandacquisitions,includingeasements,fortherecoveryof
federallylistedspecies.CandidateConservationAgreementswithAssurances(CCAAs)allowlandownerswith
federalcandidatespeciesontheirpropertytoreceivecreditforbeneficialmanagementpractices,withthe
assurancethatifthecandidatespeciesislistedinthefuture,thelandownerwillnothaveadditionalregulatory
burdensassociatedwiththeirongoingactivities.ThedevelopmentofCCAAsalsoincorporatesstatelistedspe
cieswhereappropriate,andbenefitsthesespecies,improvingconservationforasuiteofspecies.
Benefits of the comprehensive and integrative approach

WhiletheISMPisadaptiveandwillberevisedtoreflectchangingpriorities,newinformation,andprogress
towardconservationgoals,theshifttoamorecomprehensiveapproachtoimperiledfishandwildlifeconser
vationinFloridahasalreadyyieldedthepositiveoutcomesshownbelow.
ThoroughandsystematiccompilationofavailableinformationonFloridasimperiledspeciesallows
FWCtobemoreefficientandeffectiveinconsultationswithlandownersandlandmanagers,aswell
asininternalprioritizationandimplementationofresearchandmanagementactivities.
TheabilitytoprovidesupportinginformationtotheUSFWSandNOAAFisheriesforpetitionedspe
cieshasalsoimproved.Notonlyarespeciesthreatsandconservationneedsidentified,butaddi
tionalresearchisbeingconductedforseveralpetitionedspeciestogathermuchneededadditional
data.ProvidingthisinformationanddemonstratingFWCsabilitytobringconservationandneces
saryprotectionstothesespeciesmayhelptoprecludetheneedforfederalprotection.
Greatlyimprovedcollaborationamongagencystaffhasallowedforthoughtfulevaluationofneces
saryprotectionsandhowtobestachievetheminarealworldapplication.Becausethespeciesare
quitedifferent,theISMPopenlyacknowledgesaspolicythattheywillnotallbetreatedthesame.
Inputisexpectedandneededfrompartnersandstakeholdersonthosenecessaryprotectionsand
howbesttoachievethem.
Withthedesiretobemoreproactiveandworkmorecloselywithlandowners,landmanagers,devel
opers,andlocalgovernmentsinplanningforlandusechanges,developments,projects,and/orfu
turelanduse,FWChasalreadyincreasedresourcestoprovideconsultation,technicalassistance,and
commenting.Asnecessary,FWCwilladjustresourcestosupportanyincreaseinpermittingforstate
listedspecies.
Partnersandstakeholdershavebeenheavilyengagedinplanningandwillbeneededforsuccessful
implementationaswell.

13
13
LawandPolicy
FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissionisthebodycreatedbytheFloridaConstitutiontomanage,
protect,andconservethestatesfishandwildlifespecies.Itistheagencysmissiontomanagefishandwildlife
fortheirlongtermwellbeingandthebenefitofpeople,andthismissionincludesimperiledspecies.Themis
sionisbalanced,andprotectionofimperiledspeciesdoesnotprecluderecreation,development,orconsump
tiveuseofwildlife.LawsandpoliciescreatetheframeworkwithinwhichFWCimplementsitsmission.Laws
includestatutespassedbytheFloridaLegislature(Chapter379,FloridaStatutes[F.S.])andrulesapprovedby
thesevenmemberFishandWildlifeConservationCommission.Imperiledspeciesrulesareprimarilyorganized
intoChapter68A27,F.A.C.,withsupportingstatutesinChapter379,F.S.Policiesareformallyapproveddefin
itivestatementsofaprincipleorcourseofactiontoguideagencydecisionmaking,orthemannerofproceed
ingregardingtheagencysmanagement,protection,andconservationoffishandwildliferesourcesfortheir
longtermwellbeingandthebenefitofpeople.
DevelopingFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanrequiredreviewofexistinglawsandpoliciestode
termineifadditionsandchangeswouldbenecessarytoimplementtheplan.Changesincluderuledeletions,
additions, and modifications, as well as new policies, and Species Conservation Measures and Permitting
Guidelines(nowindevelopment;seeObjective6).Thischapterpresentslawandpolicychangesneededfor,
orassociatedwith,achievingthegoaloftheISMP:toconserveorimprovethestatusofimperiledspeciesto
effectivelyreducetheriskofextinction.Theregulations,includingpermittingrequirements,associatedwith
statelistedspeciesarenotintendedtoprovideamechanismforrecoveryofthesespecies,buttheyshould
preventdeclinessothatotherconservationactionsoutlinedintheSpeciesActionPlansandintegratedconser
vationstrategiescanthenachievetheconservationgoalsforeachspecies.
Laws
Thelawandpolicyframeworkforimperiledspeciesmanagement,protection,andconservationisbasedon
theconceptoftake.Lawsrelatingtoimperiledspeciesregulateiftakemaylawfullyoccur,whenandhowit
maydoso,andtheconsequencesofitoccurringillegally.Federallaws,suchastheEndangeredSpeciesAct,
theMigratoryBirdTreatyAct,theBaldandGoldenEagleProtectionAct,andtheMarineMammalProtection
Actprovideregulatoryoversightfortakeoffederallylistedspecies,allmigratorybirds,marinemammals,and
eagles.Forstatelistedspecies,Chapter68A27,F.A.C.,definestakeandtheconditionsinwhichitcanoccur.
Otherrules(suchas68A16.003,F.A.C.,forbirds;68A25.002,F.A.C.,forreptiles;and68A26.002,F.A.C.,for
amphibians)addresstakeandprovidepossessionlimitsforwildlife,includingsomestateThreatenedspecies
andthosespeciesremovedfromChapter68A27,F.A.C.,followingdeterminationthatthespeciesnolonger
meetsstatelistingcriteria.ThesestateandfederallawsworktogethertoprotectspeciesthroughoutFlorida
andreducetheriskofextinction.Chapter68A27,F.A.C,identifiesspeciescoveredunderthefederalEndan
geredSpeciesActasfederallylisted,andstateinvolvementinconservationandmanagementoffederallylisted
speciesisaddressedbySection6oftheEndangeredSpeciesAct.However,theISMPdoesnotaddresstakeof
federallylistedspeciessincethisistheprimaryresponsibilityofUSFWSandNOAAFisheries.
Thethreespecies(pillarcoral,Floridabonnetedbat,andAtlanticsturgeon)thatwerestatelistedatthetime
oftherulechangein2010becamefederallylistedaftertheBSRandthedevelopmentoftheSAPs,soearly
draftsoftheISMPincludedthesespecies.AlthoughtheyarenolongerincludedintheISMPandnoSpecies
ConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelineswillbedevelopedforthem,FWCremainsinvolvedinthe
managementandconservationofthesespecies.
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LAW AND POLICY
Understanding and limiting take

Thedefinitionoftake(Rule68A27.001(4),F.A.C.)forstateThreatenedspeciesistoharass,harm,pursue,
hunt,shoot,wound,kill,trap,capture,orcollect,ortoattempttoengageinsuchconduct.Thetermharmin
thisdefinitionmeansanactthatactuallykillsorinjuresfishorwildlife.Suchanactmayincludesignificant
habitatmodificationordegradationthatactuallykillsorinjureswildlifebysignificantlyimpairingessentialbe
havioralpatterns,includingbreeding,feeding,orsheltering.Thelevelofhabitatmodificationordegradation
significantenoughtoresultintakevariesbasedoneachspeciesessentialbehaviors,andonthespeciesuse
ofspecifichabitatfeaturesforthesebehaviors.Thetermharassmeansanintentionalornegligentactoromis
sionthatcreatesthelikelihoodofinjurytowildlifebyannoyingittosuchanextentastosignificantlydisrupt
normalbehavioralpatterns,whichinclude,butarenotlimitedto,breeding,feeding,orsheltering.Thedefini
tionofharassdoesnotincludehabitatmodificationordegradation.
AdifferentdefinitionoftakeappliestospeciesnotlistedasstateThreatened.SpeciesofSpecialConcernare
thosethatBRGsidentifiedasdatadeficienttotheextentthattheirlistingstatuscouldnotbedetermined.This
isatemporarycategoryofimperilmentbecausethesefivespecieswillbereevaluatedbytheendof2017and
eitherlistedasThreatenedorremovedfromthestatelist.Forthesespecies,thedefinitionoftake(Rule68A
1.004(79),F.A.C.)istaking,attemptingtotake,pursuing,hunting,molesting,capturing,orkillinganywildlife
orfreshwaterfish,ortheirnestsoreggsbyanymeanswhetherornotsuchactionsresultinobtainingposses
sionofsuchwildlifeorfreshwaterfishortheirnestsoreggs.Harmandharassarenotcomponentsofthis
definitionoftake,soactivitiesthatdisruptessentialbehavioralpatternsarenotconsideredastakeforSpecies
ofSpecialConcern.
TakeforstateThreatenedspeciesisfurthercategorizedintotwotypes:intentionalandincidental.Intentional
takeresultsfromactivitiespurposelycarriedouttocausethetake;forexample,collectionofanimalsforsci
entificresearch.Incidentaltakeoccursincidentalto,andisnotthepurposeof,someotherwiselawfulactivity;
forexample,whenlandisclearedduringconstructionandthenestoryoungofastateThreatenedspeciesis
unknowinglydestroyed.
Takeisimportantbecauseitcanaffectaspeciesstatusanditsabilitytorecoverfromimperilment.Takecan
reducethenumbersofindividualsofaspecies,orthespecifichabitatfeaturesthatsupportessentialbehavioral
patterns,toapointwhereviablepopulationsarenolongerpossible.
ImperiledspecieslawsandpoliciesestablishtheframeworktocontroltakesothatstateThreatenedspecies
maypersistwithoutincreasingthelikelihoodofextinctionorextirpation.Otherconservationactions,suchas
landorpopulationmanagement,canthenfocusonachievingthegoalofspeciesrecovery,ifpossible,toapoint
wheretheprotectionsoflistingarenolongerneeded.Fundamentaltothisframeworkisthattakeofstate
listedspeciesisprohibitedbylawunlessFWCissuesapermitorothertypeofauthorizationallowingtaketo
occur.Authorizationsfortakewithoutadditionalpermittingareprovidedinrule,forsomeactivities.Examples
oftheseinclude1)landmanagementactivitiesthatbenefitwildlifeandthatarenotinconsistentwithManage
mentPlansforspeciesasdefinedinRule68A27,F.A.C.,areauthorizedanddonotrequireapermitforinci
dentaltake;2)takeofstatelistedspeciesonairportproperties,asaddressedinRule68A9.012,F.A.C.,which
alsooutlineswhennoadditionaltakepermittingisneeded,and3)wildlifespecificbestmanagementpractices
(asoutlinedintheforestryandagriculturalprogramsadministeredbytheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture
andConsumerServices[FDACS]).
Withinthisframework,FWCusesbothnonregulatoryandregulatoryapproachestoaddressconservationof
imperiledspecies.Nonregulatoryapproachesincludeusinginfluenceandincentives,asdetailedintheInte
gratedConservationStrategieschapter,suchascoordinatingwithlocalgovernmentsinthedevelopmentof
comprehensiveplans.RegulatoryapproachesincludeotheragenciesregulatoryprocessesaswellasFWCs
15
15
LAW AND POLICY
permittingprocesses.Technicalassistanceisprovidedthroughoutallstagesofprojectdevelopmentbefore
formalentryintootheragenciesorFWCspermittingprocesses,includingpreapplicationmeetings,andcan
generallybeprovidedduringanyoftheseapproaches.
Species Conservation Measures and Permitting Guidelines

SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines(Guidelines)arebeingdevelopedinsupportofthe
ISMPandSAPs.Forstatelistedspecies,theseGuidelineswillprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofthesuite
ofapproachesFWCusestomanagetake.Fordelistedspecies,Guidelineswilloutlinethevoluntaryconserva
tionmeasuresavailabletocontinuetoconservethespecies,andanyrelevantprotections.TheGuidelinesare
intendedtobeasinglesourceforthepolicyandprotocolsassociatedwithFWCsimperiledspeciestechnical
assistanceandpermittingprograms,andFWCsinteractionwithapplicantsandotherregulatoryagenciesasit
pertainstowildlife.ForeachstateThreatenedspecies,theGuidelineswillidentifyspeciesrangeandhabitat
featuresthatsupportessentialbehaviorsoffeeding,breeding,andsheltering.Theywillalsoprovideguidance
onwhenanimpairmentoftheessentialbehaviorswouldbesignificantandmeetthedefinitionoftakethrough
killingorinjuringwildlifeordisruptingnormalbehavioralpatternssuchthatitconstitutesharassment.Details
withintheGuidelinesvarybasedonthespeciesstatus(Threatened,SpeciesofSpecialConcern,ordelisted)
andourknowledgeofthespeciesneeds.
TheGuidelinesareorganizedintothefollowingsections,andthescopeofeachisaddressedindetaillaterin
thischapter:
Biologicalbackground,
Distributionandsurveymethodology,
Recommendedconservationpractices,
Measurestoavoidtake,
Coordinationwithotherstateandfederalagencyprocesses,and
FWCpermitting.
Guidelinesincludespeciesspecificrequirementsandrecommendations,includingidentificationofthehabitat
featuresthatsupportessentialbehavioralpatternssuchasfeeding,breeding,andsheltering.Requirements
areactionsorprotocolsthatmustbefollowedtoavoidtheneedforpermitting,oraspartofapermitting
processbyFWCorotherpermittingagencies.Theyalsoincludeactionsthatmustbeundertakentoavoidvio
latingFWCsorotheragenciespermitconditionsandrules.ThetermsshallormustintheGuidelinesdenote
requirements. Recommendations include preferred protocols or techniques that applicants or permittees
shouldfollow,butthatarenotrequired(i.e.,otherviablemethodsareallowed).Thetermsshouldandmayin
theGuidelinesdenoterecommendations.Guidancefordelistedspeciesuserecommendationsoverrequire
ments,withafocusontechnicalassistancetopreventrelistinginthefuture,althoughsomespeciesmayhave
possessionlimitsthatapplytothetaxaatlarge.
TheSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelineswillprovideoptionsbasedonprojectsize,time
frame,andtypeofimpactandwillaccommodatemostprojectbasedpermittingneeds.However,theseGuide
linesmaynotaddresspermittingneedsofalllarger,landscapescaleprojectsthataffectstatelistedspecies.
Theselandscapelevelprojectsofferuniqueopportunitiestobalanceconservationandlanduse,andpermit
tingneedscanbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Insomeinstances,theselargepropertiesmayalready
havelandconservationmeasuresinplacethroughotherprogramsthatmayaddresssomestatelistedspecies
protections.Landownerswithrealestateholdingsofsignificantregionalimpactandwiththepotentialfortake
ofstatelistedspeciesmaycontactFWCtodiscussoptionsforagreementstailoredtothespecificneedsof
thoseholdings.ConsiderationofsuchagreementsbyFWCwillincludethelandownerscommitmenttomeet

16
16
LAW AND POLICY
therequirementsoutlinedinRules68A27.005and27.007,F.A.C.,fortakeofstatelistedspecies.Thesetypes
ofagreementscanbeapprovedbytheFWCExecutiveDirector.
TheseGuidelinesdonotaddressalltechnicaldetailsoraspectsofthepermitapplicationprocess.Theydonot
addresspermittingforfederallylistedspeciessincefederalpermittingiscompletedseparatelyfromFWCper
mitting;forstatelistedspeciesthatoverlapinrangeandhabitatusewithfederallylistedspecies,coordination
withtheUSFWSishighlighted,andbenefitstoboththestateandfederallylistedspeciesmayoccurthrough
theuseoftheconservationpractices.AlthoughGuidelinesarenotintendedtoneedannualrevisions,when
changesareproposedbystafforstakeholderstheywillbereviewedasneededbyanFWCstandingteamand
providedtothepublicandpartnersforcommentpriortoanyproposalforchanges.TheGuidelineswillbe
revisedaswarranted,followingpublicreview,andCommissionapproval.
Biological background
EachsetofGuidelinesprovidesspeciesspecificinformationthatoutlinesthecontextforrecommendedcon
servationpracticesandpermitting.Althoughthebiologicalbackgroundprovidesimportantinformation,the
detailsofthissectionareinformationalonly,andarenotrecommendationsorrequirements.ForstateThreat
enedspecies,thisincludesadescriptionoftheessentialbehavioralpatternsoffeeding,breeding,andshelter
ing,andadescriptionofwhenimpairmentofthosebehaviorswouldbesignificantenoughtomeetthedefini
tionoftake.ThissectionalsodescribesspecificthreatstoaspeciesthattheGuidelinescanaddress.Forspecies
withlimitedinformationonlifehistoryandecology,thebackgroundclearlydescribesareasofuncertainty.
Distribution and survey methodology

RangemapsareprovidedforeachspeciesandmatchthosefoundintheSAPsummaries.Theareasidentified
onthemapsareintendedforinformationalpurposesonly,andrepresentthegeographicareathatencom
passestheprincipleobservationsofindividualsofaspecies,includingareasofinterveningunoccupiedhabitat.
Inadditiontorangemaps,countylistofcountieswherethespecieshasbeenobservedisalsoincluded.
Surveyscanprovidesitespecificinformationaboutspeciespresence.Surveyresultscaninformdecisionson
potentialavoidanceandminimizationmeasures,iftheyareneededandpracticable.Surveymethodologyfor
eachspeciesisprovidedifavailable.Ifsurveysforstatelistedspeciesareconductedinaccordancewiththe
methodologyoutlinedintheGuidelines,andspeciesarenotdetected,noFWCpermittingisneeded.
Recommended conservation practices

Conservationpracticesaregeneralmeasuresthatwillbenefitthespecies.Recommendationsvarybyspecies
andprovidedetails relatedto management for specific habitat features or to minimize known threats.For
example,habitatfeaturesmayincludespecificforagespeciesorsuggestedtreedensities;threatminimization
mayincludereduceduseofpesticidesorrecommendationsforsignstodecreaseroadmortality.Theseprac
ticesarenotrequired; however, using these recommendations will increase the suitabilityofa site forthe
species.Implementingrecommendedconservationpracticesdoesnotrequireapermitauthorizingincidental
take.Informationcontainedintheconservationpracticesalsomaybeusefultoconsiderduringprojectdevel
opmentorwhenidentifyingpotentialavoidanceorminimizationmeasures,iftakeisexpectedtooccur.
Measures to avoid take

Whentakeofstatelistedspeciespresentatasiteisavoided,noincidentaltakepermittingisnecessaryfor
thosespecies.ThissectionoftheGuidelinesdescribesthreecategoriesofavoidingtake:activitiesthatarenot
expectedtocausetake,avoidancemeasuresthatwilleliminatetheneedforFWCtakepermitting,andother
authorizationsfor take such as wildlifespecific best management practices (as outlined in the forestryand
agriculturalprogramsadministeredbytheFloridaDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServices).
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17
LAW AND POLICY
Activitiesthatarenotexpectedtocausetakeincludealimitedsetofspecificactivitiesthatdonotmeetthe
definitionoftakeforSSCorThreatenedspecies.ExamplesincludeFWCapprovedaversiveconditioningmeth
ods(seethepolicyforAversiveConditioningofStateListedSpecies)andtakeofinactivebirdnestsasdescribed
intheNestRemovalforInactiveSingleUseNestsofStateThreatenedBirdspolicy.Avoidancemeasuresthat
willeliminate the needfor FWC take permitting may include buffer distances or season restrictions,which
whenfollowedwouldeliminatethelikelihoodoftakeandtheneedforanyfurtherFWCpermitting.Although
theseavoidancemeasuresareprovided,onsomesitestheymaynotbepracticableduetosmalllotsizesor
projectdesign.
Agriculture,asdefinedinSection570.02,F.S.,conductedinaccordancewithChapter5I8,F.A.C.,andthewild
lifebestmanagementpractices(BMPs)adoptedinRules5I8.001and5M18.001,F.A.C.,bytheDepartment
ofAgricultureandConsumerServicepursuanttoSection570.94,F.S.,isauthorizedanddoesnotrequirea
permitauthorizingincidentaltakedespiteanyotherprovisionofRule68A27.007,F.A.C.,orRule68A27.005,
F.A.C.ParticipationconfirmedthroughasignedNoticeofIntentfortheFDACSFloridaForestryWildlifeBMPs
andFloridaAgriculturalWildlifeBMPsandimplementationoftheseBMPsprovidesapresumptionofcompli
ancewithregardtoincidentaltakeofstatelistedspecies.TheForestryTechnicalAdvisoryGroup,inaccord
ancewithSection570.94,F.S.,meetseverytwoyearstodiscussenrollmentin,continuedimplementationof,
andpotentialdevelopmentofnewBMPs.StafffromFWCwillworkwithFDACStocreateaTechnicalAdvisory
Groupthatwilldiscussenrollmentin,continuedimplementationof,andpotentialdevelopmentofnewAgri
culturalBMPs.Guidelineswillidentifythepracticesfoundwithintheseprogramsastheyapplytoaspecific
species.AsidentifiedinSAPs,FWCstaffwillworkwithFDACStocontinuetoevaluateimplementationand
effectivenessofwildlifeBMPsandothermeasuresthatalsoavoidtake.
Coordination with other state and federal agencies

As the state review agency, FWC is responsible for providing assistance to local, state, and federal entities
regardingFloridasfishandwildliferesourcesthatfallunderitsauthority.AspartofFWCsresponsibility,staff
providessciencebasedtechnicalassistancetopublicandprivatelandowners,localgovernments,nongovern
mentalorganizations,federalagencies,andotherstateagencies.Technicalassistancemayincludepotential
locationsofwildlife,habitattypesthesespeciesuse,anddetailsonthespecifichabitatfeaturesthatsupport
essentialbehavioralpatterns,surveymethodologies,recreationalopportunities,landmanagementconsider
ations,andconservationopportunities.EarlyinteractionwithFWCstaffcanhelppreventtheneedforwildlife
relatedpermitslaterintheplanninganddevelopmentprocess.ParticipationbyFWCinmanagementrelated
reviewssuchassectorplansandlargescalecomprehensiveplanamendmentsallowstheagencytoprovide
countiesandplanningcouncilswithinformationthatmayassistthemwithlandscapelevelplanning.Existing
planningtoolssuchastheCriticalLandsandWatersIdentificationProjectandtheCooperativeConservation
Blueprintcanbeusedearlyinlandscapelevelplanningprocessestomaximizeconservationanddevelopment
opportunities.
ReviewofspecificlandandwateruseprojectsoftenbeginswithFWCstaffprovidingprospectiveapplicants
andpartnerswithinformationonpotentialimpactstofishandwildlifepriortoenteringanyregulatoryprocess.
Iftakeofstatelisted species is not anticipated,technical assistance may include recommendations forsite
developmentthatwillbewildlifefriendlyandmaintainhabitatconnectionsacrossthelandscape.Whenrec
ommendationsofthistypeareincludedintechnicalassistancecommunications,thereisnoregulatoryrequire
menttofollowthem.Otherformsofinformationoftenconsistofspeciesorhabitatfeaturesthatsupportes
sentialbehavioralpatternslikelytooccurwithinthearea;surveymethodstofurtherassessstatelistedspecies
onsite;methodsforavoidingorminimizingimpactstothesespeciesincludingpotentialtakefromhabitatmod
ificationordegradationwhereitkillsorinjureswildlifebysignificantlyimpairingessentialbehavioralpatterns;

18
18
LAW AND POLICY
permittingalternativeswhentakeisunavoidable;andoptionsforachievingconservationorscientificbenefit
forstateThreatenedspecies.Theinformationprovidedtotheapplicantconstitutestechnicalassistancerec
ommendationswithnoregulatoryrequirementtofollowthem.Earlydiscussioncanleadtoprojectdesigns
thatavoidalltake,preventingtheneedtoenteranypermittingprocessforstatelistedspecies.Insomein
stances,avoidingalltakeisnotapracticalalternative;inthesecases,staffcanprovideinformationnecessary
forinitiatingFWCspermittingprocess.Thisinformationincludesspeciesorhabitatspecificmethodsforas
sessing potential impacts, methods for avoiding or mini
mizing impacts, and options to achieve a conservation
benefitasidentifiedintheincidentaltakepermittingpro
cess.Permittinginformationprovidedtoapplicantsduring
Information provided to applicants
thetechnicalassistancephasedoesnotreplacetheneed
can expedite and ensure success
forreviewofapplicationsbyFWCpermittingstaffforcom
through the permitting
pletenessandconsistencywithrulerequirements.
process. Information includes
ForactivitiesgovernedbybothChapter373PartIV,F.S.,
(Environmental Resource Permit [ERP]) and Chapter 378
PartII,F.S.,(ConceptualReclamationPlan[CRP]),theap
plicant may request FWC review of the Florida Depart
mentofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP)application,ifit
includes a Wildlife/Habitat Management Plan (WHMP),
anditissubmittedconcurrentlytoDEPandFWC.AWHMP
shalladdressallstatelistedspeciesobservedorreasona
bly likely to occur on a project site. The application and
WHMP will be reviewed by FWC staff to determine
whetherornotitcomplieswiththerequirementsunder
Chapter68A27,F.A.C.andthestandardsherein.
Species- or habitat-specific
methods for assessing potential
impacts,
Methods for avoiding or
minimizing impacts, and
Options to achieve a conservation or scientific benefit as identified in the incidental take permitting process.
WerecognizethatERP/CRPlandscapelevelprojectsofferuniqueopportunitiestoprovideregionallysignificant
benefits,connectivity,andprotectionsformultiplestatelistedspeciesandtheirhabitats.TheWHMPmayin
cludeandFWCshallconsider,ifincluded,applicantcontrolledlands,andnonapplicantcontrolledlandsadja
centtoandintheregionalvicinityofaproposedERP/CRPprojectsitethat,takentogether,achievelandscape
levelspeciesorhabitatbenefitsorlandscapelevellinkagespromotingfishandwildlifemovementbetween
andamonghabitatcapableofsupportingessentialbehavioralpatterns.IfaWHMPachievesthisscientificor
conservationbenefitforstatelistedspeciesandshowstheactivitywillnothaveanegativeimpactonthesur
vivalpotentialofthosestatelistedspecies,itispresumedtocomplywiththerequirementsunderChapter
68A27,F.A.C.,andthestandardsherein.
StafffromFWCshallissueadeterminationthattheWHMPissufficienttocomplywiththerequirementsof
Chapter68A27,F.A.C.,orprovideawrittenresponsestatinghowtheWHMPdoesnotcomplywiththere
quirementsof68A27,F.A.C.NoadditionalFWCauthorizationsforthosespeciesaddressedintheWHMPare
required,despiteanyotherprovisionsofChapter68A27,F.A.C.,iftheactivitiesareconductedinaccordance
withthefinalERP/CRPapprovalsandthefinalFWCapprovedWHMP.ImplementationofthefinalERP/CRPand
approvedWHMPprovidesapresumptionofcompliancewithChapter68A27,F.A.C.,asoutlinedabove,for
speciesincludedintheWHMP.
TheFWCauthorizationshallbeineffectforthedurationoftheERP/CRP,duringwhichtimeFWCmayverify
continuedimplementationoftheWHMPandanyERP/CRPprovisionsapplicabletostatelistedspecies.Acopy
oftheannualreportssubmittedtotheFDEPpermittingagencyshallbeprovidedtoFWC.Ifsubsequentsignif
icantmodificationsorchanges,asdefinedintheWHMP,aremadetotheWHMP,FWCshallbenotifiedto
19
19
LAW AND POLICY
reviewtheamendedWHMP.ThescopeofFWCsreviewshallbelimitedtothescopeoftheapplicantspro
posedchange(s)totheWHMP.IfstatelistedspeciesnotincludedintheWHMPareencounteredontheproject
site,FWCshallbeconsulted,andifnotalreadyprovidedforintheWHMP,additionalmeasuresmaybere
quired.IntheeventthataspecieslistingstatusischangedbyFWC,arevisiontotheWHMPmaybenecessary
toremoveorupdatereferencestospeciesspecificmeasures.TheamendedWHMP,ifapprovedbyFWC,shall
besubjecttothesamepresumptionofcompliancesetforthabove.Theseprovisionsshallnotapplytoactivities
constitutingintentionaltakesubjecttoRule68A27.007(2)(a),F.A.C.
Review of land and water conversion projects
Asareviewingandcommentingagencyinotherstateagencyregulatoryprograms,FWCcanaddresstakeof
imperiledspecies.Onceanapplicantentersintoaregulatoryprocess,FWCstaffworkswiththeapplicant,as
wellaswiththerespectiveregulatoryagency,toidentifyandaddressfishandwildlifeimpactsasrequiredby
the particular regulatory process. Depending on the regulatory process, conditions may be included in the
otherstateagencypermitthatrequiremeasuresbetakentoavoid,minimize,ormitigateimpactstofishand
wildliferesources.Unliketechnicalassistanceprovidedintheplanningstages,theseconditionscanbecome
regulatoryrequirementsofexecutingthepermitfromanotherstateagency.
Althoughtheotherregulatoryprocessesaddressgeneralimpactstowildlife,FWCcanutilizeinformationpro
videdthrough these processes to evaluate if those general impactsare also causes oftake undertherule
defined context of take of SSC and stateThreatened species. Wildlife conservation is addressed by FWC
throughnumerousstateregulatoryprocessesbyidentifyingimpactstofish,wildlife,andhabitatresourcesand
providingimplementationstrategiestooffsetthoseimpacts(seeTable3).Eachoftheseprocessesprovides
FWCuniqueopportunitiestoworkwithotheragenciesandapplicantstoidentifyandimplementactionsthat
complywithRules68A27.005,F.A.C.,and68A27.007,F.A.C.,forimpactsthatalsoconstitutetakeofstate
listedspecies.Suchopportunitiesmayincludeincorporatingprotectivemeasuresorconditionsintopermits,
modifyingsitedesignplanstoavoidtakeanddesignateconservationareas,monitoringandmanagingtake
duringdevelopmentandoperation,anddesignatingregionallyimportanthabitatareasforconservation.
Aspartofreviewinganyprojectwheretakeofastatelistedspeciesislikely,FWCstaffwilllookattherequire
mentsforpermittingtakeinChapter68A27,F.A.C.,andthemeasuresforavoidance,minimization,andmiti
gationthatareincorporatedintoprojectsaspartofthepermittingandregulatoryprocessesofotherlocal,
state,andfederalagencies.Ifpermitsissuedbyotheragenciesadequatelyprovidesimilarinformationneeded
forissuingaSSCorstateThreatenedspeciestakepermit,FWCwillevaluatetheseapplicationstodetermineif
theymeettherequirementsofChapter68A27,F.A.C.,withaminimalapplicationprocess.Thismaybeaccom
plishedthroughthefollowingoptions:1)issuingaconcurrenttakepermitfromFWC,2)amemorandumof
understandingwiththecooperatingagencythatwouldallowthatagencytoissueatakepermitunderFWC
staff approved conditions, or 3) a programmatic permit issued to another agency. These permits would be
enforceable, transparent, and issued based on the understanding that implementation of project commit
mentswillsatisfytherequirementsofRule68A27.005,F.A.C.,orRule68A27.007,F.A.C.Iftheseconditions
arenotmet,thenaseparateincidentaltakepermitwouldberecommended.
OneexampleofthisprocessistheERPprogramimplementedbyDEPandthefivewatermanagementdistricts
(WMDs)underChapter373PartIV,F.S.(twoFloridacounties,BrowardandHillsborough,alsohavetheauthor
itytoissueERPspursuanttoSection373.441,F.S.).TheERPprogramappliestoanyactivitythatmayalter
surfacewaterflows,includingdredgingandfillinginwetlands,andactivitiesinuplandsthatmaycreatestorm
waterrunoff. The majority ofland conversion or development projects in the statemust go throughsome
portionoftheERPprogram.StafffromFWCreviewsapplicationssubmittedtoDEPandtheWMDsunderthe
ERPprogramfornewpermits,modifications,andconceptualpermitswiththepotentialtoaffectwetlands.

20
20
LAW AND POLICY
SeveralERPtypesarereviewedbyFWCstaff,including,butnotlimitedto,dredgingandfillinginwetlands,
mining,stormwatermanagement,navigationaldredging,seaports,andelectricalandnaturalgastransmission.
Staffreviewsthesepermitstoassesspotentialimpactstofishandwildliferesources,includingwetlandde
pendentstatelistedspeciesandthehabitatfeaturesthataresupportingessentialbehavioralpatterns,asau
thorizedunderChapter379,F.S.,andChapter68A27,F.A.C.LawsandpoliciesrelatingtoFWCsstatelisted
species are the framework and guidance for such reviews. Through the commenting process, DEP and the
WMDscanincorporateFWCconditionsintopermitstheyissueandiftheconditionsaresimilar,orequal,to
requirementsofanFWCincidentaltakepermit,itmaystreamlineasecondarypermittingprocess.Additionally,
ERPpermitstypicallyrequiretheapplicanttoprovideminimizationandmitigationforwetlandorotherim
pacts,whichmayincludeminimizationormitigationinadjacentuplands.Wetlandmitigationofferedunder
theERPwillbereviewedbyFWCtoseeifitcomplieswiththerequirementsofRule68A27.007,F.A.C.,for
permittingfortakeofstateThreatenedwetlanddependentspecies.Ifthefactorsforissuinganincidentaltake
permitareaddressedthroughtheERPprogram,FWCmaynotrequireanyadditionalmeasuresorpermitting.
Ifotherregulatoryagencypermittingprocessesdonotallowforminimizationconditions,ordonotachieve
theconservationorscientificbenefitnecessaryforpermittingtakeofstateThreatenedspecies,thenFWCstaff
willcontinuetoworkwiththeapplicanttocompletetheFWCpermittingprocess.

21
21
LAW AND POLICY
Table 3. State regulatory programs that may impact or consider imperiled species or their habitats.
Program
Statute
Developments of
380.06(12)(c) F.S.
Regional Impact (DRI)
DRI Substan al
Devia ons
380.06(19)(b)11., F.S.
Master DRIs
380.06(21), F.S.
Rule/Agreement
Comments
73C40.024(2), F.A.C.
Allows regional planning council to request input from other agencies.
73C40.041, F.A.C.
Listed Plant and Wildlife Resources Uniform Rule allows FWC to place condi ons into
development orders related to fish and wildlife resources, conserva on areas, and habitat
management.
Requires review if an area set aside for listed species via the DRI process is to be aected by
the devia on.
73C40.028(1), F.A.C.
Requires the same procedures as for a DRI to be followed.
County
Comprehensive Plan 163.3184(1)(c)9., F.S.
Amendments
Allows FWC to review county comprehensive plans and plan amendments only.
Sector Plans
163.3245(3)(c), F.S.
Includes FWC as a review agency.
163.3248(4), F.S.
Allows property owners to consult with FWC as well as other agencies.
163.3248(9) and (9)(a),

F.S.
Allows landowners to enter into agreements with FWC.
Rural Lands
Stewardships
Statewide
Environmental
Resource Permit
(SWERP)
373.414(1)(a)2. and
373.414(1)(a)4., F.S.
Sec ons 5.5.2.2, 10.2.2,

and 10.2.7 of the
Applicants Handbook
(which is incorporated by
reference into rule by Ch.
62330.010(4)(a), F.A.C.)
62330.417(3)1, F.A.C.
Wetland Mi ga on
373.414(2)(a) and (b), F.S.
Mi ga on Banks
373.4136, F.S.1
Uniform Mi ga on
Assessment Method 373.414(18), F.S.
(UMAM)
Joint Coastal
Program
161.055(2)(b), F.S.
The public interest test in statute requires considera on of whether the ac vity will adversely
aect the conserva on of fish and wildlife, including endangered or threatened species, or
their habitats and whether the ac vity will adversely aect the fishing or recrea onal values
or marine produc vity in the vicinity of the ac vity.
Requires a le er of consistency concurrence from FWC to get a general permit for a boat ramp.
Statute addresses protec on of listed species in isolated wetlands.
62342, F.A.C.
373.4136(4)(f), F.S., considers [t]he extent to which the mi ga on bank provides habitat for
fish and wildlife, especially habitat for species listed as threatened, endangered, or of special
concern, or provides habitats that are unique for that mi ga on service area.
62345.300(2), F.A.C.
Requires considera on of use of the area by fish and wildlife.
62345.300(3)(a), F.A.C.
Includes a requirement to assess the area and iden fy what fish and wildlife func ons are
supported by the community/habitat.
62345.400(8), F.A.C.
Requires considera on of the an cipated wildlife u liza on and type of use (feeding, breeding,
nes ng, res ng, or denning), and applicable lis ng classifica ons (Threatened, Endangered, or
Species of Special Concern as defined by Rules 68A27.003, 68A27.004, and 68A27.005,
F.A.C.).
62B49.001, F.A.C.
Indirect inclusion through Environmental Resource Permi ng requirements in the program.
62B33.005, F.A.C.
Coastal Construc on
161.163, F.S.
Control Line (CCCL)
The Applicants Handbook requires that DEP/WMDs send FWC copies of individual permit
applica ons. Sec on 10.2.7 addresses secondary impacts to wetlanddependent listed species.
62B41.0055, F.A.C.
62B55, F.A.C.
MiamiDade County 373.4149(5), F.S.

Lake Belt Plan and
mi ga on
373.41492(6)(b), F.S.
Language in statute and rules references the states responsibility to consider impacts to
nes ng sea turtles. FWC has responsibili es related to sea turtles under 379.2431, F.S. Rule
62B33.005 establishes beaches and dunes as integral part of coastal system, providing habitat
for wildlife.
Allows FWC Execu ve Director, among others, to enter into agreements with landowners to
implement the program.
Includes FWC on an interagency commi ee to oversee mi ga on expenditures.
Harris Chain of Lakes 373.467(1)(b), F.S.

Restora on Council
373.468 F.S.
and program
Includes FWC in the Harris Chain of Lakes Restora on Council and allows FWC to review
proposals, restora on techniques, and data associated with restora on eorts of the program.
Surface Water
Improvement and
373.453(3), F.S.
Management (SWIM)
plans and programs
Iden fies FWC as a review agency.
Wekiva River Basin

Commission
369.324(1)(f)6., F.S.
Includes FWC as an ad hoc nonvo ng member of the Wekiva River Basin Commission.
Ecosystem
Management
Agreements
403.0752, F.S.
Enables FWC to establish voluntary ecosystem management agreements with regulated

en es and other governmental agencies.
403.507(2)(a)4., F.S.
Electrical Power
Plant and
Transmission Line
Si ng Act
403.508(3)(a)4., F.S.
403.526 (2)(a)4., F.S.
403.527(2)(a)5., F.S.
403.941(2)(a)4. F.S.
Natural Gas
Transmission Pipeline 403.9411(4)(a)5., F.S.
Si ng
403.9412(1)(d), F.S.
Relates to power plants and iden fies FWC as a review agency and a poten al party to the
hearing.
Relates to transmission lines and iden fies FWC as a review agency and a poten al party to the
hearing.
Relates to power plants and iden fies FWC as a review agency and a poten al party to the
hearing. Also includes FWC in review of alterna ve corridors.
1
373.403(18), F.S., defines ecological value as the value of func ons performed by uplands, wetlands, and other surface waters to the abundance, diversity, and habitats of fish, wildlife, and listed species. These
func ons include, but are not limited to, providing cover and refuge; breeding, nes ng, denning, and nursery areas; corridors for wildlife movement; food chain support; and natural water storage, natural flow
a enua on, and water quality improvement, which enhances fish, wildlife, and listed species u liza on.
22
LAW AND POLICY
Program
Statute
Rule/Agreement
378.205(2), F.S.
Statute allows DEP to seek comments from other agencies on reclama on applica ons.
62C16.0041(1)(e), F.A.C.
Requires the applicant for a conceptual reclama on plan or plan change to describe the
loca ons of listed species.
62C16.0051(11), F.A.C.
Requires operators to incorporate measures to oset fish and wildlife values lost as a result of
mining opera ons andiden fy special programs to restore, enhance, or reclaim par cular
habitats, especially for endangered and threatened species. Also allows them to designate
specific loca ons within the mine as Wildlife Areas and include a plan for reclama on and
management for sites so designated. Slopes, revegeta on, and erosion control requirements
may be modified by the department in such areas on a casebycase basis where such changes
will benefit the overall plan for the propaga on of wildlife.
62C36.008(4), F.A.C.
Reclama on performance standards must include provisions for safety to wildlife.
Mandatory
Phosphate Mine
Reclama on
Limestone
Reclama on
378.503(4), F.S.
Requires that reclama on is conducted in a manner which has minimal longterm adverse
impacts on surface and groundwater resources, wildlife.
378.601(4)(b), F.S.
Heavy Mineral
Mining Reclama on
62C37.008(10), F.A.C
378.703(3), (8), and (9),

F.S.
Everglades
Improvement and
Management
Florida Coastal
Management
Program
380.23, F.S.
62611.300(3), F.A.C.
Rule states that [t]he discharge of reclaimed water to treatment or receiving wetlands shall
[n]ot cause adverse eects on endangered or threatened species (one of three General
Qualita ve Design Criteria).
Statute describes the unique ecosystem of the Everglades and the solu ons needed to address
nega ve eects of hydroperiods, invasive species, and phosphorous levels. Prevents
phosphorous criteria from causing an imbalance in the natural popula on of flora and fauna.
Program guide for the

Florida Coastal
Management Program
379, F.S., is incorporated into the Florida Coastal Management Program. The Florida Coastal
Management Program Guide describes the program in detail and describes FWCs connec on
to the program as well as wildlife related issues addressed by the program and consistency
determina on.2
62C30.005(1), F.A.C.
Requires that the project (including roads) not cause permanent impact onthe wildlife of the
area, with special emphasis on rare and endangered species in the Big Cypress Watershed.
Requires that roads shall be constructed to avoid serious damage or enduring scars to land
62C30.005(2)(a)8., F.A.C. and wildlife, and to avoid obstruc ng the natural movement of water and wildlife in the Big
Cypress Watershed.
Oil and Gas Drilling in

the Big Cypress
Watershed
Ecient
Transporta on
Decision Making
(ETDM)
Aquaculture lease
applica ons
62C38.008(7)(b). F.A.C.
Requires the operator to iden fy what measures have been incorporated into the conceptual
plan to oset fish and wildlife values lost as a result of mining ac vi es and shall iden fy
special programs to restore, enhance, or reclaim par cular habitats, especially for endangered
and threatened species.
373.4592, F.S.
380.205(2), F.S.
Requires operators to iden fy what measures have been incorporated into the conceptual
plan to oset fish and wildlife values lost as a result of mining ac vi es and shall iden fy
special programs to restore, enhance, or reclaim par cular habitats, especially for endangered
and threatened species .
All refer to the need to protect wildlife or oset impacts to habitat.
Fullers Earth Mining

Reclama on
Wastewater
Discharge into
Wetlands
Comments
253.75, F.S.
62C30.005(2)(a)11.,
F.A.C.
Prohibits access corridors and drilling pads from being constructed in or through those zones
which are documented and/or confirmed by the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish
Commission as areas of high level Florida panther ac vity unless reasonable and prudent
alterna ves are not available. Known redcockaded woodpecker colonies, rookeries, alligator
holes, research sites, pine uplands, and threatened or endangered species habitats shall be
avoided where possible. And, requires that drilling sites be located to minimize nega ve
impacts on the vegeta on and wildlife, including rare and endangered species.
ETDM website
Describes ecient transporta on decisionmaking, the environmental screening tool, and

FWCs role as a review agency in the Agency Opera ng Agreement
1821.021(1)(l)3., F.A.C.
Tenyear site plans

186.801(2)(e), F.S.
for electricity u li es
Requires each u lity to submit to the Public Service Commission a report that includes the
views of appropriate local, state, and federal agencies.
Rural Economic
Development
Ini a ve (REDI)
Iden fies FWC as having a REDI representa ve.
288.0656(6)(a)10., F.S.
Campus Master Plans 1013.30(6), F.S.

2
Federal Consistency in Florida
The Florida Coastal Management Program (FCMP) was approved by NOAA in 1981 and is codified at Chapter 380, Part II, F.S. The State of Florida's coastal zone includes the area encompassed by the state's 67
coun es and its territorial seas. The FCMP consists of a network of 24 Florida Statutes administered by eight state agencies and five water management districts. This framework allows the state to make integrated,
balanced decisions that ensure the wise use and protec on of the state's water, property, cultural, historic, and biological resources; protect public health; minimize the state's vulnerability to coastal hazards;
ensure orderly, managed growth; protect the state's transporta on system; and sustain a vital economy. Federal consistency reviews are integrated into other review processes conducted by the state depending on
the type of federal ac on being proposed. The Florida State Clearinghouse, administered by the DEP Oce of Intergovernmental Programs, is the primary contact for receipt of consistency evalua ons from federal
agencies. The Florida State Clearinghouse coordinates the states review of proposed federal ac vi es, requests for federal funds, and applica ons for federal permits other than permits issued under Sec on 404 of
the Clean Water Act and Sec on 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. Consistency reviews of federal permits issued under those Acts are conducted in conjunc on with wetland resource and environmental resource
permits issued by the Department of Environmental Protec on or the water management districts. The Oshore Projects Unit, also in the Oce of Intergovernmental Programs, coordinates consistency reviews of
federal ac vi es proposed in oshore waters. Regardless of the process used, the review of federal ac vi es is coordinated with the appropriate FCMP member agencies. Each agency is given an opportunity to
provide comments on the merits of the proposed ac on, address concerns, make recommenda ons, and state whether the project is consistent with its statutory authori es in the FCMP. Regional planning councils
and local governments also may par cipate in the federal consistency review process by advising the Department of Economic Opportunity (DEO) on the local and regional impact of proposed federal ac ons.
Comments provided by regional planning councils and local governments are considered by the DEO in determining whether the proposed federal ac vity is consistent with specific sec ons of Chapter 163, Part II,
F.S., that are included in the FCMP. If a state agency determines that a proposed federal ac vity is inconsistent, the agency must explain the reason for the objec on, iden fy the statutes the ac vity conflicts with
and iden fy any alterna ves that would make the project consistent. As the designated lead coastal agency for the state, DEP communicates the agencies comments and the states final consistency decision to
federal agencies and applicants for all ac ons other than permits issued under Clean Water Act Sec on 404 and Sec on 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. The states consistency decisions on those permits are made
through the approval or denial of the wetland resource or environmental resource permits issued under Chapter 373, Part IV, F.S. The public can review projects submi ed for the state's review at h p://
appprod.dep.state.fl.us/clearinghouse/. Comments on those projects can be sent to the Florida State Clearinghouse using the contact informa on on that page.
23
LAW AND POLICY
FWC permitting
Permitsauthorizingeitherintentionalorincidentaltakecan,undercertainconditions,beissuedbyFWCfor
statelistedThreatenedspecies,asdescribedinRule68A27.007,F.A.C.TheSpeciesofSpecialConcernpermit
tingstandardisfoundinRule68A27.005,F.A.C.,anddoesnotincludeadistinctionbetweenincidentaland
intentionaltake.AllpermittingguidanceforSSCisincludedinasinglesectionofthedocumentnotdividedinto
intentionalandincidentaltake.Separatestandardsforincidentalandintentionaltakearenotidentifiedinrule
forSSC,soallpermitsareissuedwhentheactivitywillnotbedetrimentaltothesurvivalpotentialofthespe
cies.AlthoughsometakeofSSCmaybeincidentaltootherwiselegalactivities,takepermittingfornonThreat
enedspeciesislimitedtotheindividualanimalortheirnestsandeggs,andmitigationisnotincludedinthe
permittingprocess.Insomecases,speciesremovedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList
(andthusremovedfromChapter68A27,F.A.C.)willberegulatedbypossessionlimitsinotherchaptersofthe
FloridaAdministrativeCode:68A25,68A26,and68A6.Fortakeorpossessionbeyondwhatisallowedinthe
rulesofthosechapters,permitsareissuedusingthestandardsinRule68A9.002,F.A.C.Thejustifiablepur
posesoutlinedinRule68A9.002,F.A.C.,arescientific,educational,exhibition,propagation,management,or
otherjustifiablepurposes.
OthertakepermittingexemptionsareprovidedinRule68A27.007,F.A.C.Landmanagementactivitiesthat
benefitwildlifeandarenotinconsistentwithmanagementplans,agricultureusingbestmanagementpractices,
andfiresuppressionareallexemptfromanypermittingrequirements(Rules68A27.007(c),(d),and(e),F.A.C.).
Specifically,anyagriculturalorsilviculturalactivitiescoveredbyaNoticeofIntenttoimplementFDACSFlorida
ForestryWildlifeBMPsorFloridaAgriculturalWildlifeBMPsdonotrequireapermit.Relocationofcommensals
consistentwithGopherTortoisePermittingGuidelines(Rule68A27.003,F.A.C.)andFWCPolicyontheRelo
cationofPriorityCommensalsrequiresnoadditionalincidentaltakepermit.
Intentional take permitting

Intentionaltakeisnotincidentaltootherwiselawfulactivities.Itisoftenassociatedwithtrapping,collecting,
or handling a species for research or conservation. For stateThreatened species, intentional take permits,
commonlycalledscientificcollectingpermits,mayonlybeconsideredforscientificorconservationpurposes
(definedasactivitiesthatfurthertheconservationorsurvivalofthespeciestaken),includingcollectionofsci
entificdataneededforconservationormanagement.Suchpermitscanonlybeissuediftheactivitieswillben
efitthesurvival potential ofthe species.For statedesignated SSC, permits are issued uponthe reasonable
conclusionthatthepermittedactivitywillnotbedetrimentaltothesurvivalpotentialofthespecies.Permitting
guidelines for each species identify the circumstances under which intentional take is allowed and provide
guidanceonmeetingtheconditionsforissuanceofanintentionaltakepermit.
Scientific collecting and conservation

Scientificcollectingandconservationpermitsallowforthehandlingofanimals,includingcaptureandholding.
Capturingandhandlingalwaysposesomeriskstoananimal,butknowledgegainedcanoutweighpotential
risks.Tominimizeimpactsandassurethatscientificcollectingpermitsareonlyissuedforactivitiesbeneficial
to a species, permits are issued for stateThreatened species using the guidance found in Rule 68A27.007
(2)(a),F.A.C.:
1. Whetherthepurposeforwhichthepermitrequiredisadequatetojustifyremovingspecimensofthe
speciesfromthewild;
2. Theprobabledirectandindirecteffectwhichissuingthepermitwouldhaveonthewildpopulationof
thespeciessoughttobetaken;
3. Whether the permit would conflict with any program intended to enhance survival of the species
24
24
LAW AND POLICY
soughttobetaken;
4. Whetherthepurposeofthepermitwouldlikelyreducethethreatofextinctionforthespeciessought
tobetaken;
5. Theopinionsorviewsofscientistsorotherpersonsororganizationshavingexpertiseconcerningthe
speciessoughttobetaken;and
6. Whetherexpertise,facilities,orotherresourcesavailabletotheapplicantareadequatetosuccessfully
accomplishtheobjectivestatedintheapplication.
Risks to property or human safety

Intentionaltakemaysometimesbenecessaryifaspecies,orspecificfeaturesofthespecieshabitatthatsup
portessentialbehavioralpatterns,posesarisktohumansafetyorproperty.Forsomespecies,aversivecondi
tioningmeasureshavebeendevelopedtomodifythebehaviorofindividualanimals.Whenaversivecondition
ing is not successful and concerns still exist for human safety or property, applications for intentional take
permits will be considered on a casebycase basis (see the policy for aversive conditioning). This option is
limitedtocertainspeciesthatareasafetyrisktopeopleorproperty,andtheSpeciesConservationMeasures
andPermittingGuidelinesprovidespecificsonwhataversiveconditioningactivitiesareallowedwithoutaper
mit. Examples of intentional take to protect property or human safety may include harassment to prevent
wildlifefromattackingpeople(e.g.,squirtingaggressivesandhillcraneswithwater).
Incidental take permitting

IncidentaltakepermitsmaybeissuedforstateThreatenedspeciesbyFWCwhentakecannotbeavoideddur
ingotherwiselawfulactivities,iftherewillbeascientificorconservationbenefitanditisshownthattheper
mittedactivitywillnothaveanegativeimpactonthesurvivalpotentialofthespecies.Conservationbenefit,
scientific benefit, and negative impact are evaluated by considering factors listed in Rule 68A27.007(2)(b),
F.A.C.Theseconditionsareusuallyaccomplishedthroughacombinationofavoidingtakewhenpracticable,
minimizingthetakethatwilloccur,andmitigatingforpermittedtake.BecauseFWCincidentaltakepermits
areonlyissuedforstateThreatenedspecies,thepermittingguidelinesforSpeciesofSpecialConcerndonot
includeincidentaltakepermittinginformation,onlyintentionaltakepermittinginformation.
Scientific and conservation benefit

InordertoconsistentlyimplementF.A.C.rulewhenissuingincidentaltakepermits,thefollowingdefinitions
formthepolicyguidanceonwhatconstitutesascientificorconservationbenefit.
ConservationBenefitApplicationsforincidentaltakeofstateThreatenedspecieswillbeconsideredonacase
bycasebasis.ThroughconsiderationofthesevenevaluationfactorslistedinRule68A27.007,F.A.C,itmust
beclearthatanyproposedtakeiscounterbalanced,andthereisanadditionalbenefitforthelossofspeciesor
habitatcomponentssupportingtheessentialbehavioralpatternsofbreeding,feeding,orsheltering.Thelevel
ofcounterbalanceplusadditionalconservationisdeterminedbyreviewoftheproposedactivitythroughthe
sevenevaluationfactors.Thelevelisspecifictohowtheapplicationaddressesthesevenevaluationfactors
andtothespeciesconcerned.
ScientificBenefitAnystudythatwouldprovidesignificantadvancementinknowledgeormanagementofthe
species,asidentifiedintheSpeciesActionPlanorothermanagementorrecoverydocuments,maybeusedto
meettheconditionofscientificbenefit.Becausescientificbenefitcanbeusedinlieuofconservationbenefit,
thevaluetothespeciesmustbemeasuredagainstspeciesneedsandconservationactions,asdeterminedby
FWC.Scientificbenefitmayvarybasedonspeciesandourcurrentknowledgeofspeciesneedsandhabitats.

25
25
LAW AND POLICY
Evaluation factors
Inadditiontotherequirementforascientificorconservationbenefitforanyincidentaltakepermitissued,the
permittedactivitymustalsohavenonegativeimpactonthesurvivalpotentialofthespecies.Sevenevaluation
factors(listedinRule68A27.007(2)(b),F.A.C.)mustbeconsideredwhenissuinganincidentaltakepermitfor
astateThreatenedspecies:
1. Theobjectivesofafederalrecoveryplanorastatemanagementplanforthespeciessoughttobe
taken;
2. Theforeseeablelongrangeimpactovertimeiftakeofthespeciesisauthorized;
3. Theimpactstootherfishandwildlifespeciesiftakeisauthorized;
4. Theextentofinjury,harm,orlosstothespecies;
5. Whethertheincidentaltakecouldreasonablybeavoided,minimized,ormitigatedbythepermitap
plicant;
6. Humansafety;and
7. Otherfactorsrelevanttotheconservationandmanagementofthespecies.
Minimization measures
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesprovideoptionsforminimizingtakeofstateThreat
enedspecies.Althoughonlyevaluationfactor5includesthetermminimized,theGuidelinesincludeasuiteof
minimizationmeasuresthatassistinaddressingalltheevaluationfactors.Minimizationcanlessentheimpact
ofactivities,butnottothelevelthatharmiseliminated;however,thesemeasuresareimportanttoaddress
therulerequirementofhavingnonegativeimpactonthesurvivalpotentialofthespecies,asshownbythe
applicantandassessedthroughtheevaluationfactors.Projectsthatcannotavoidalltake,includingharm,may
requireadditionalconservationtomeetthethresholdofprovidingaconservationorscientificbenefit.Focusing
onavoidanceinthepreFWCpermittingprocess,oronminimizationmeasuresduringprojectdesign,mayre
ducewhatisneededtoachieveaconservationorscientificbenefit.Minimizationmeasuresareincludedinall
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelineswrittenforstateThreatenedspecies,andmayin
cludethecategoriesoutlinedinTable4.
Inadditiontothespeciesspecificminimizationmeasures,multispeciesoptionsarebeingdevelopedtoprovide
recommendations and requirements for activities that will impact multiple statelisted species in an area.
TheseoptionsareintendedtominimizepotentialconflictsinimplementingSpeciesConservationMeasures
andPermittingGuidelines,whichfocusonasinglespecies,andofferstreamlinedminimizationmeasuresand
mitigationoptions.Notallhabitatsorlocationsinthestateareexpectedtohavemultispeciesguidelineoptions
becausetheseoptionsaredrivenbyoverlappingrangeandhabitatfeaturesthatsupportessentialbehavioral
patternsofstateThreatenedspecies.

26
26
LAW AND POLICY
Table 4. Minimization measures and the evaluation factors that FWC must consider when issuing a permit. Consideration of these factors when evaluating permit applications is in accordance with Florida Administrative Code rule.
Evaluation Factors Considered When Issuing a Permit

Minimization Measure
Description
Example Measure from

Guidelines
5
6
Level of
Impacts to other
Extent of injury,
avoidance,
fish and wildlife
Human safety
harm, or loss minimization, or
species
mitigation
Objectives of
management/
recovery plans
Long-range
impacts over
time
7
Other factors
SeasonalorTemporalRestrictions
Alteringthetimingofactivitiescan
minimizeimpactsduringcriticallife
periodsofsomespecies.
BufferZones
Creatingbufferzonesaroundhabitat
Provideabufferof300feetfor
featuresessentialtocertainbehaviors
roostingwaterbirds.
canhelpminimizeimpactsofactivities.
DesignModification
Altersomeaspectofprojectdesignto Groupdevelopedareasintoasmaller
avoidhabitatsthatsupportessential footprintandmaintainconservation
behavioralpatterns.
areasonsite.
MethodModification
Alterbuilding,clearing,orother
methodsofprojectdevelopment.
Surveys
Surveysarenotrecommendedforall
species;however,insomecases,
Identifytreeswithneststoflagfor
surveyswillallowapplicantstotarget
avoidancewhenclearingasite.
minimizationwhereitprovidesthe
greatestbenefit.
CrypticSpecies
Crypticspeciesarethosethatmaynot
beeasilyobserved,evenwhenusing
Useopenbottomculvertssetbelow
correctsurveymethodologyin
gradewherepracticabletoallow
occupiedhabitat.Forthisreason,
surveysarenotrecommended;but, speciestomoveacrossroads.
generalhabitatmeasuresmay
minimizeimpactstocrypticspecies.
MultiSpeciesHabitatMeasures
Multiplestatelistedspeciesoccurin
somehabitatsandlocations,and
streamlinedminimizationmeasures
canbeusedinsteadofsinglespecies
measuresthatmaybeinconflict.
Conductactivitiesbeforeorafter
breedingseason.
Directionalclearingtechniquesmay
allowslowmovinganimalstomove
fromanareaandminimizeimpacts.
Insandhills,leavesnagsandstumps
wherepossible(benefitsFloridapine
snake,shorttailedsnake,Florida
mouse,andgopherfrog).
27
LAW AND POLICY
Options for achieving a conservation or scientific benefit

Mitigationistheprimaryoptionavailabletomeettherulerequirementsforascientificorconservationbenefit
whentakecannotbeavoidedcompletely.Mitigationisspecificallymentionedinevaluationfactor5,butthe
benefitsofmitigationcanalsoaddressfactors2,3,and4(seeTable4).Mitigationisoftennecessaryinmeeting
therulerequirementofhavingnonegativeimpactonthesurvivalpotentialofthespecies,asassessedthrough
theevaluationfactors.TheSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesprovidespeciesorhab
itatspecific information on mitigation options, and how, if necessary, those options can be combined to
achieveconservationbenefit.AlthoughtheGuidelinesprovideexamplesofavailablemitigationoptions,any
applicantforanincidentaltakepermitmayofferotheroptionstobeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.
Habitat
MitigationoptionsfortakeofstateThreatenedspeciesincludereplacinghabitatthatsupportsessentialbe
havioralpatternstoachieveaconservationbenefit.Ourapproachistoconsiderthevalueofthehabitatrelative
totheessentialbehavioralpatternsofthespecies.Equalorgreatervaluecould,therefore,bequantifiedby
acreage,condition,location,longtermcommitmenttomanagement,orspecifichabitatfeaturesthatsupport
essential behavioral patterns. In some cases the functional value of habitats for a specific species may be
greaterthananacretoacrecomparison.Forexample,habitatthatsupportsessentialbehavioralpatternsfor
aspeciesandservesasanimportantcorridorisrare,orisavailablewithinaverylimitedrange,andmayprovide
agreatervaluetothespeciesthanlarger,lowerqualityhabitat.Onepossiblemethodforassessinghabitat
valueforstateThreatenedspeciesmaybeaprocesssimilartotheUniformMitigationAssessmentMethod
usedforwetlands,wheretheuplandhabitatfeaturesthatsupportessentialbehavioralpatternsareidentified
andscoredforboththesitesimpactedandthesitesproposedformitigation.Atoolforthispurposedoesnot
exist,butstaffwillconsiderdevelopingandfieldtestingsuchatool;guidanceforuseofsuchatoolwouldbe
incorporatedintospeciesspecificGuidelinesasappropriate.
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesidentifyhabitatfeaturesthatplayacriticalrolein
theessentialbehavioralpatternsofaspecies.Someconservationareashavefeatures(suchasuniquepopula
tionunitsorhabitatfeatures)thatareimportantforthelongtermconservationofaspecies,andtheseare
identifiedasSpeciesFocalAreas(SFAs)forspecificspecies(notethatnotallspecieshaveSFAs).Tomaintain
thevalueoftheseareasforstateThreatenedspecies,ourapproachistoencouragedevelopmentoutsideof
areasadjacenttoorconnectingSFAsthroughnonregulatoryapproaches,whilefocusingmitigationoptionsin
theseimportantareastoprovidethegreatestbenefittostatelistedspecies.Inmostcases,theseareasfor
mitigationarealsocloselylinkedtoexistingconservationlands.
Optionsforhabitatmitigationinclude,butarenotlimitedto,thefollowing.
Creation,enhancement,restoration,andmanagementofhabitatcanprovidemitigationtoachievea
conservationbenefit.Thevalueofmanagement,restoration,orenhancementonexistingeasements
orconservedlandmaybelowerthanthevalueofacquisitionoreasementsthataddtotheavailable
conservationland.Insomecases,however,sitescriticalforsupportingessentialbehavioralpatterns
ofspecificspeciesmaybeidentified,andrestorationormanagementofthesesitescanconstitutea
conservationbenefit.
Acquisition,feesimpleorthroughlongtermeasements,isacceptableandencouragedundersome
conditions. The value of habitat for supporting essential behavioral patterns must be determined,
whichmayrequiresurveysorspeciesoccupancyinformation.Desiredhabitatcharacteristicsmaybe
speciesspecific,andcoulddependonquantity,occupancy,location,orlongtermmanagementassur
ance.EasementscanalignwithSAPactions.Asinformationisobtainedthroughresearchandmoni
toring,Guidelinesmayneedtoberevisedtousethebestavailablescienceforfocusingacquisitionor
easementlocationandnecessaryhabitatfeaturestoachievelandscapelevelconservationbenefits.
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28
LAW AND POLICY
Funding
Monetarycontributionisanotheroptionformitigation,withfundscollectedtiedtoprovidingabenefitforthe
stateThreatenedspeciesbeingimpacted.SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinessumma
rizetheconservationactionsinSpeciesActionPlans,andfundscanbeusedtosupporttheseactions.Examples
include,butarenotlimitedto,researchandmonitoring,developinginformationonmanagementtechniques,
developingincentiveprograms,andoutreach.Fundingmayalsosupporthabitatoptionswhenusedforman
agement,restorationofhabitats,oracquisitionoflandoreasements.Monetarycontributionsthatsupport
conservationactionsorintegratedconservationstrategiesprovideaconservationbenefit.Monetarycontribu
tionstomitigationfundsarenotarequirementformitigation,butinsomecasesmayserveasanoptionfor
certaintypesofprojectswherehabitatrelatedmitigationisnotfeasible.
Themitigationcontributionisspecifictospeciesorsuitesofspecieswithinahabitat.Developingappropriate
mitigationvaluesrequirescoordinationandinputfrompartnersandaffectedstakeholders,andwillbelinked
tofundingconservationactions,notbasedonanimpactperindividualanimal.Mitigationrelatedmonetary
contributionsarenotintendedtoreplaceexistinglocal,state,orfederalfundsusedforstatelistedspecies,
butshouldaddtoexistingfundingsourcesforconservationactions.Mitigationcontributionswillbeusedto
implementconservationactionsandarenotintendedtobuildstafforexpandagencyinfrastructure.Monetary
contributioncouldalsobeappliedtopreapprovednonFWCconservationfunds,suchaslandtruststhatman
ageeasements.
Information
Informationoptionsarenotastandaloneformofmitigationanddonotrisetothelevelofscientificbenefit;
but,incombinationwithotheroptions,informationcanbepartofthemitigationpackagetoachieveaconser
vationbenefit.Informationasmitigationmaycomeinmanyformsand,inmostcases,informationneedsare
veryspeciesspecific.Thiscomponentofconservationbenefitmust,therefore,occurincombinationwithother
options.
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesprovideguidanceonwhatinformationisneeded,
basedondata gaps identified in the SpeciesAction Plans andBiological Status Reviews. Examples ofinfor
mationoptionsincludepresence/absencedatafromsurveys,accesstositesforsurveys,participationingenetic
studies,andinformationonmanagementtechniques.Providingdatamay,insomecases,helptoachievea
conservationbenefit,particularlywhenaspecieshassignificantgapsinoccupancydata,andincombination
withotheroptions,accesstodatacanprovideaconservationbenefitbyimprovingknowledgeaboutthespe
ciesanditsmanagement.
Scientific benefit
Thescientificbenefitoptionmustprovidesignificantadvancementinknowledgeormanagementofthespe
cies, as identified in the Species Action Plan or other management or recovery documents. Since scientific
benefitcanbeusedinlieuofconservationbenefit,thevaluetothespeciesmustbemeasuredagainstspecies
needsandconservationactions,asdeterminedbyFWC.Scientificbenefitmayvarybasedonspeciesandour
currentknowledgeofspeciesneedsandhabitats.Statusassessmentsormonitoringonanindividualproperty
wouldnotnecessarilyfallintothiscategory.Becauselittleinformationisavailableforcrypticspecies(seethe
policyforPermittingStandardsforIncidentalTakeofCrypticSpecies),smallerstudiesmaybeabletoprovide
asignificantadvancementintheknowledgeforthespecies.Currentlyfundedstudiesorprogramswillnotbe
countedasscientificbenefit,butcontributionsthataddvaluetostudiesorprograms(e.g.,time,money,staff)
mayqualify.
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesidentifyhighpriorityresearchneedsbasedonin
formationcontainedintheSpeciesActionPlans.Developmentofprojectsthataddresstheseneedsshouldbe
29
29
LAW AND POLICY
discussedwithFWCstafftodetermineiftheywouldmeetthedefinitionofscientificbenefitandserveasmit
igation.
Rules and statutes

Aspreviouslynoted,lawsincludeFloridaAdministrativeCoderulesapprovedbythesevenmemberFishand
WildlifeConservationCommissionandstatutespassedbytheFloridaLegislatureinsupportofFWC.SeeTable
5forproposedrulechangesthatsupportimplementationofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.
Rulesaffectingtheprotection,management,andconservationofwildlifeareintheFloridaForeverAct(Section
259.105,F.S.)andthefollowingchaptersoftheFloridaAdministrativeCode.
Chapter68A1,F.A.C.,General:Ownership,ShortTitle,SeverabilityandDefinitions
Chapter68A4,F.A.C.,GeneralProhibitionsandRequirements
Chapter68A9,F.A.C.,MiscellaneousPermits(PermitstoTakeWildlifeorFreshwaterFishforJustifia
blePurposes)
Chapter68A12,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoGame(PossessionorSaleofBirdsorMammals;Taxidermy
OperationsandMountingRequirements)
Chapter68A16,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoBirds
Chapter68A23,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoFreshwaterFish
Chapter68A25,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoReptiles
Chapter68A26,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoAmphibians
Chapter68A27,F.A.C.,RulesRelatingtoEndangeredorThreatenedSpecies
Chapter68B8,F.A.C.,MarineSpecialActivityLicenseProgram
Chapter68F20,F.A.C.,AquaticPlantControlPermits

30
30
LAW AND POLICY
Table 5. Proposed Florida Administrative Code rule changes in support of ISMP implementation.
Rule/
Rule Title/
Subsection/
Division/
Paragraph/
Chapter/ Section Subparagraph
Summary of change
Reason for change
68A9.002Permits (1)
toTakeWildlifeor
FreshwaterFish
forJus fiable
Purposes
Addlanguagefor'otherfederal
authoriza ons'.
68A12.004
(11)(b)1.
PossessionorSale
ofBirdsor
Mammals;
Taxidermy
Opera onsand (11)(d)2.
Moun ng
Requirements
ChangeRule68A13.002toRule Correctsreferencetotheruleadop ngtheMigratoryBird

68A16.001inthesubparagraph. TreatyAct.
68A16.003
Addsec onthatnoStatepermitis Provideconsistencybetweenlistedandnonlistedspecies

neededtotakeinac venests,or rules,staterule,andconsistencywithFederal
partsthereof,ofbirdsnotlistedin implementa onoftheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.
68A27.
Newsec on
68A25.002
New
GeneralProvisions subsec on
forTaking
Possessionand
SaleofRep les
68A26.002
Regula ons
Rela ngtothe
Takingof
Amphibians
DeleteRule68A27.004from
subparagraph.
Changeclarifiesthatfederalauthoriza onsotherthan
permitsalsoareacceptableasindica onoffederal
authoriza ontotakeand/orpossessmigratorybirdsor
theirnests.
Correctsreferencetoarulethatnolongerexists.
Addasubsec onoraddlanguage TheLowerKeyspopula onofPeninsularibbonsnakeand

toanexis ngsubsec onto
theLowerKeyspopula onoftheredratsnakedidnot
prohibitthetakeandpossessionofmeetthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatened;butthese
Peninsularibbonsnakesandred speciesneedspecificprotec onfromoverexploita onto
ratsnakesintheLowerKeys.
bemaintainedasapartofthewildlifediversityinthe
LowerKeys.
(6)(a)2.d.
AddtheLowerKeyspopula onof TheLowerKeyspopula onofthestripedmudturtledid

thestripedmudturtletothelistof notmeetthecriteriaforlis ngasastateThreatened
turtlesthatmaynotbetakenfrom species,butneedsprotec onfrominten onaltaketo
thewild.
preventmee nglis ngcriteriainthefuture.
(1)ornew
subsec on
AddlanguagethatexcludesPine ThePineBarrenstreefrogandthegopherfrogdidnotmeet
Barrenstreefrogsandgopherfrogsthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedspeciesandhave
fromtheruleallowingtakeof
beenremovedfromFlorida'sEndangeredandThreatened
frogs.
SpeciesList,buts llneedprotec onfrominten onaltake
topreventmee nglis ngcriteriainthefuture.
68A27.0012
(4)
Proceduresfor
Lis ngand
RemovingSpecies
fromFloridas
Endangeredand
Threatened
SpeciesList
Removethesubsec on.
Themoratoriumreferredtointhesubsec onhasended,
andnolongerneedstobereferredtoinrule.
68A27.003
Title
Designa onof
Endangeredand
Threatened
(2)(a)
Species;
Prohibi ons
Rule tleshouldbeFlorida
EndangeredandThreatened
SpeciesList;Prohibi ons.
Titleshouldhavebeenchangedin2010,butapparentlywas
not.Changemaybemadebytechnicalrevision(no
Commissionapprovalneeded).
(2)(new
paragraph)
Addlanguage"orwhensuch
Someac vi esorconductthatmaycausesomeminor
conductisauthorizedina
amountoftakemaybespecificallyauthorizedinthe
managementplanasdefinedin managementplaniftheyareknowntobenefitspeciesor
thischapterandapprovedbythe donotcausesignificantimpactstoaspecies.These
Commission,orasauthorizedin ac vi esorconductwouldbeinviola onoftherule
Commissionapprovedguidelines" prohibi ngtakeofstateThreatenedspeciesiflanguageis
toexemp ngconductauthorized notaddedtotheruleauthorizingsuchac vi esorconduct.
bymanagementplanfromthe
Similarexemp onsaredescribedin68A27.007(2)7.
prohibi onontake,possession,or
saleofaThreatenedspecies.
AddtheFloridabogfrogandthe
Georgiablindsalamandertothe
list.Requiresaddinganew
paragraphforamphibiansto
subsec on.
TheFloridabogfrogandtheGeorgiablindsalamandermet
thecriteriaforlis ngasastateThreatenedspecies.
31
LAW AND POLICY
Rule/
Rule Title/
Subsection/
Division/
Paragraph/
(con nued) (2)(new
68A27.003
paragraph)
Designa onof
Endangeredand
Threatened
Species;
(2)(c)
Prohibi ons
Summary of change
Reason for change
AddtheBlackCreekcrayfishand TheBlackCreekcrayfishandtheSantaFecavecrayfishmet
theSantaFecavecrayfishtothe thecriteriaforlis ngasastateThreatenedspecies.
list.Requiresaddinganew
paragraphforcrustaceanstothe
subsec on.
Addthebluenoseshiner,
saltmarshtopminnow,and
southerntessellateddartertothe
listofstateThreatenedspecies.
Thebluenoseshiner,saltmarshtopminnow,andsouthern
tessellateddartermetthecriteriaforlis ngasstate
Threatenedspecies,wereremovedfromtheSpeciesof
SpecialConcernlistandarenowlistedasstateThreatened.
(2)(d)
AddtheBarboursmapturtle,
FloridaKeysmoleskink,and
Floridapinesnaketothelistof
stateThreatenedspecies.
TheBarboursmapturtle,FloridaKeysmoleskink,and
Floridapinesnakemetthecriteriaforlis ngasstate
Threatenedspecies,wereremovedfromtheSpeciesof
(con nued)
(2)(d)
RemovetheLowerKeys
popula onsofthePeninsula
ribbonsnakeandstripedmud
turtlefromthelistofstate
Threatenedspecies.
TheLowerKeyspopula onsofthePeninsularibbonsnake
andthestripedmudturtledidnotmeetthecriteriafor
lis ngasstateThreatenedandhavebeenremovedfrom
Florida'sEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.
(2)(e)
AddtheAmericanoystercatcher, TheAmericanoystercatcher,blackskimmer,Florida
blackskimmer,Floridaburrowing burrowingowl,li leblueheron,Marian'smarshwren,
owl,li leblueheron,Marian's
reddishegret,roseatespoonbill,Sco 'sseasidesparrow,
marshwren,reddishegret,
tricoloredheron,Wakullaseasidesparrow,and
roseatespoonbill,Sco 'sseaside Worthington'smarshwrenmetthecriteriaforlis ngas
sparrow,tricoloredheron,WakullastateThreatened,wereremovedfromtheSpeciesof
seasidesparrow,and
Worthington'smarshwrentothe
listofstateThreatenedspecies.
(2)(f)
AddtheSanibelIslandriceratand TheSanibelIslandriceratandtheShermansshorttailed
Shermansshorttailedshrewto shrewmetthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatened
thelistofstateThreatened
speciesandarenowlistedasstateThreatened.
species.
(2)(g)
68A27.005
(1)
Designa onof
SpeciesofSpecial
Concern;
(2)(b)
Prohibi ons;
Permits
(2)(c)
RemovetheFloridamas bat
TheFloridabonnetedbat(formerlytheFloridamas bat)
fromthelistofstateThreatened becamelistedasFederallyEndangeredbytheU.S.Fishand
species.
WildlifeServicein2013.ItthusbecamelistedasFederally
EndangeredonFloridasListofEndangeredandThreatened
Species.
Removethepillarcoralfromthe ThepillarcoralwaslistedasfederallyThreatenedbythe
listofstateThreatenedspecies. Na onalMarineFisheriesService.Itthusbecamelistedas
federallyThreatenedonFloridasListofEndangeredand
ThreatenedSpecies.
Removethesubsec on.
Thereferencedmoratoriumhasexpired,andthe
subsec onsta ngwhatwillbedoneduringthis
moratoriumisnolongerrelevant.
Removethebluenoseshiner,
Thebluenoseshiner,saltmarshtopminnow,andsouthern
saltmarshtopminnow,southern tessellateddartermetthecriteriaforlis ngasstate
tessellateddarter,LakeEus s
Threatenedandarenowlistedunder68A27.003.TheLake
pupfish,andmangroverivulus
Eus spupfishandthemangroverivulusdidnotmeetthe
fromtheSpeciesofSpecial
criteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedandhavebeen
Concernlist.
removedfromFlorida'sEndangeredandThreatened
SpeciesList.
RemovetheFloridabogfrogand TheFloridabogfrogandtheGeorgiablindsalamandermet
theGeorgiablindsalamanderfromthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedspeciesandare
theSpeciesofSpecialConcernlist. nowlistedunder68A27.003.
RemovethePineBarrenstreefrog ThePineBarrenstreefrogandthegopherfrogdidnotmeet
andthegopherfrogtheSpeciesof thecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedspeciesandhave
SpecialConcernlist.
beenremovedfromFlorida'sEndangeredandThreatened
SpeciesList.
32
LAW AND POLICY
Rule/
Rule Title/
Subsection/
Division/
Paragraph/
(con nued)
(2)(d)
68A27.005
Designa onof
SpeciesofSpecial
Concern;
Prohibi ons;
Permits
(2)(e)
Summary of change
RemovetheBarboursmapturtle, TheBarboursmapturtle,FloridaKeysmoleskink,and
FloridaKeysmoleskink,and
Floridapinesnakemetthecriteriaforlis ngasstate
Floridapinesnakefromthe
Threatenedspeciesandarenowlistedunder68A27.003.
SpeciesofSpecialConcernlist.
RemovetheLowerKeys
TheLowerKeyspopula onoftheredratsnake,andthe
popula onoftheredratsnake, Suwanneecooterdidnotmeetthecriteriaforlis ngas
andtheSuwanneecooterfromthestateThreatenedspeciesandhavebeenremovedfrom
RemovetheAmerican
TheAmericanoystercatcher,blackskimmer,Florida
oystercatcher,blackskimmer,
burrowingowl,li leblueheron,Mariansmarshwren,
Floridaburrowingowl,li leblue reddishegret,roseatespoonbill,Sco sseasidesparrow,
heron,Mariansmarshwren,
tricoloredheron,Wakullaseasidesparrow,and
reddishegret,roseatespoonbill, Worthingtonsmarshwrenmetthecriteriaforlis ngas
Sco sseasidesparrow,tricolored stateThreatenedspeciesandarenowlistedunder68A
heron,Wakullaseasidesparrow, 27.003.
andWorthingtonsmarshwren
Concernlist.
Removethesnowyegret,white
ibis,brownpelican,andlimpkin
Concernlist.
(2)(f)
(2)(g)
(2)(h)
68A27.007
(2)(a)
Permitsand
Authoriza onsfor
theTakeofFlorida
Endangeredand
Threatened
(2)(b)
Species.
(2)(f)
Reason for change
Thesnowyegret,whiteibis,brownpelican,andlimpkindid
notmeetthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedspecies
andhavebeenremovedfromFlorida'sEndangeredand
RemovetheSanibelIslandricerat, TheSanibelIslandriceratandtheShermansshorttailed
Shermansshorttailedshrew,and shrewmetthecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatened
FloridamousefromtheSpeciesof speciesandarenowlistedunder68A27.003.TheFlorida
SpecialConcernlist.
mousedidnotmeetthecriteriaforlis ngasastate
ThreatenedspeciesandhasbeenremovedfromFlorida's
EndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.
RemovetheFloridatreesnailfrom TheFloridatreesnaildidnotmeetthecriteriaforlis ngas
theSpeciesofSpecialConcernlist. stateThreatenedspeciesandhasbeenremovedfrom
RemovetheBlackCreekcrayfish
andtheSantaFeCavecrayfish
Concernlist.
TheBlackCreekcrayfishandtheSantaFeCavecrayfishmet
thecriteriaforlis ngasstateThreatenedspeciesandare
nowlistedunder68A27.003
Addlanguagetoallowinten onal Humansafetyisaconsidera onforallowingincidental

takeforhumansafety.
take;addinghumansafetylanguagetointen onaltake
guidancewillprovideconsistencyandallowauthoriza on
ofpermitswithoutneedingtoachieveaconserva onor
scien ficbenefit.
Removethelanguagethat
ThesespecieswerelistedasstateEndangeredin2010
specifiesadierentpermit
whentheimperiledspeciesruleswererevised.The
issuancestandardforthe
standardusedforstateEndangeredspeciesatthat me
blackmouthshiner,stripedmud wasincorporatedintotherevisedrulesforthesespeciesto
turtle,Floridamas bat,and
ensurenoperceivedlossofprotec onwhilethe
pillarcoral.
managementplanwasdeveloped.TheFloridabonneted
bat(formerlytheFloridamas bat)andthepillarcoralare
nowfederallylistedandmovedtothefederallydesignated
EndangeredandThreatenedsec onofFlorida's
EndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.Thestripedmud
turtledidnotmeetthecriteriaforlis ngasastate
ThreatenedspeciesandhasbeenremovedfromFlorida's
EndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.Theblackmouth
shinerremainsasastateThreatenedspecieswiththe
protec onsprovidedforsuchspecies.
AddInten onalinfrontof
takeatthebeginningofthe
sentence.
Clarifiesthatinten onaltakepermitrequirementsfor
listedmarinespeciesareincludedinChapter68B8,notin
Chapter68A27.
33
LAW AND POLICY
Policies
Apolicyisaformallyapproveddefinitivestatementofaprincipleorcourseofactiontoguideagencydecision
makingorthemannersofproceedingregardingitsmanagementoffishandwildliferesourcesfortheirlong
termwellbeingandthebenefitofpeople.OfthemanyFWCpolicies,onlyafewspecificallyimpacttheman
agementofimperiledspecies.IncludedhereareseveralnewpoliciesthatsupporttheISMPsimplementation.
ThesepoliciesareavailableonFWCsManagementPlanswebpage,andwillbeaddedtotheFWCConservation
IssuesandPolicieswebpageasitisupdated.ThroughISMPimplementation,newpoliciesandrevisionstoex
istingonesareanticipated.
Permitting standards for incidental take of cryptic species

Issue
The57speciesincludedintheISMParediverse,bothbiologicallyandintermsofthethreatseachfaces,and
thelevelofknowledgeandunderstandingvarieswidelyfromspeciestospecies.Inparticular,littleisknown
aboutthelifehistoryandecologyofcrypticspecies,whicharethosethatmaybedifficulttodetectdueto
behavior,habitat,orphysicalfeatures,evenwhenusingstandardsurveytechniquesinoccupiedhabitat.Stud
iesofsnakes(Dursoetal.2011)andpondturtles(Olivieretal.2010)pointoutthedifficultiesofusingstandard
surveymethodswithoutalsoincorporatingestimatesofdetectionprobability,andindicatethatthesemethods
oftenfallshortwhenansweringmanagementrelatedquestionsonspatialandtemporaldynamicsofcryptic
species.Small,benthicfish(Willis2001),forexample,aredifficulttodetectwithstandardvisualcountsurvey
methods, which underestimate both diversity and density. Even large terrestrial vertebrates such as tigers
(Carboneetal.2001)andtheredfox(Vineetal.2009)haveprovendifficulttodetectandmonitorduetorarity
andbehavior.Crypticspecies,particularlyrarecrypticspecies,aresodifficulttodetectthatmanagersneedto
carefullyconsiderwhensurveyingeffortsarenolongerthebestuseoflimitedresources(Chadesetal.2008).
Likewise,lawsandpoliciesthataddressregulationofcrypticspeciesneedtobecarefullyconsideredtobest
achieveconservationgoals.Chapter68A27,F.A.C.,identifiesprohibitionsforbothSpeciesofSpecialConcern
andstateThreatenedspecies,anddefinestakeforstateThreatenedspecies.However,interpretationofwhen
incidentaltakeoccurs,particularlyharmandharassforstateThreatenedspecies,isdifficultwithoutaclear
understanding of the essential behavioral patterns of the species or the habitat features that may support
thesebehaviors,andmonitoringmethodsthatallowforreliabledetection.Lackofknowledgeaboutaspecies
alsoleadstodifferentconsiderationsforwhenscientificbenefitisachievedduetothedocumenteddifficulties
indetectingcrypticspecies.Therefore,assessingconservationorscientificbenefitidenticallyforallspeciesis
notpossible.
Policy guidelines
Permittingforcrypticspecieswillfocusoncooperationandacquiringinformationinsteadofaregulatorybur
den,withtheunderstandingthatasinformationisgained,permittingmayneedtobeadjusted.Forcryptic
species,informationondistributionandhabitatusemayconstituteascientificbenefit.Forthepurposesofthis
policy,crypticspeciesincludeShermansshorttailedshrew,Evergladesmink,FloridaKeysmoleskink,Florida
brown snake (Lower Keys population), Key ringneck snake, Florida pine snake, shorttailed snake, rim rock
crownedsnake,andGeorgiablindsalamander.TheHomosassashrew,classifiedasSSC,isalsocryptic;how
ever,thedefinitionoftakeforSSCdoesnotincludeharmandharass,andthusthespeciesisnotincludedhere.

34
34
LAW AND POLICY
Nest removal for inactive single-use nests of state-Threatened birds

Issue
Rule68A27.003(2)(a),F.A.C.,prohibitsthetake,possession,orsaleofastatedesignatedThreatenedspecies
nest,regardlessofwhetherornotthenestisactiveorifitisimportanttothespecieswheninactive.However,
somebirdspeciesuseanestonlyonceandrarely,ifever,reuseitinsubsequentnestingattempts;wereferto
thesespecieshereassingleusenesters.Assuch,thereisnobiologicalbenefittopreventingtakeofneststruc
turesinthesespecificcases.Inthecaseofsingleusenesters,onceyounghaveleftandarenolongerdepend
entonthenest,itwillbeabandonedandnotusedforsubsequentnesting.Thus,thenestisnolongersupport
ingessentialbehavioralpatternsofbreedingandshelteringforthespecies.Assuch,ourpolicyisthatthereis
noneedtoprotectinactivesingleusebirdnests.Thispolicyappliesonlytodestructionofthenestitselfand
doesnotauthorizepossessionofthenestorimpactstothenestsubstrateorthesurroundinghabitat.Although
manytaxamaymakeneststructures,thispolicyislimitedtonestsofstateThreatenedbirds.Thispolicydoes
notapplytothenestsofthesoutheasternAmericankestrelorFloridaburrowingowl,sincethesespeciesdo
notfitthedefinitionofsingleusenesters(i.e.,inactivenestsmaybereusedbythesespecies).Thispolicyis
consistentwithRule68A2716.003,F.A.C.,andtheUSFWS2003Memoforinterpretationofinactivenestre
movalundertheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.
Policy guidelines
Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytospeciesaddressedbythispolicy.
NestAnestisastructureorplacethatisrecognizableasbeingcreatedbyorusedbyabirdforthepurpose
ofbroodingandcaringforeggsandyoung.Nestsmayconsistof,butarenotlimitedto,cavities(e.g.,wood
peckers,kestrels);burrows(burrowingowls);structurescomposedofsticks(e.g.,cardinals,wadingbirds),mud
(e.g.,swallows),orfineplantmaterials(e.g.,marshwrens,seasidesparrow);nestscrapes(e.g.,beachnesting
birds);andnestplatforms(e.g.,ospreys)andnestboxes(e.g.,kestrels,titmice,chickadees)onceoccupiedby
birds.Insomecases,nestsmaysimplyconsistofeggsandverylittleornostructureatallotherthantheground
itself(e.g.,commonnighthawks,sandhillcranes).
ActivenestAnestisconsideredactivewhensupportingessentialbehavioralpatterns,whichoccurfromthe
pointofnestbuildinguntilyoungoftheseasonbecomecapableofsustainedflightorpermanentlyleavethe
nest.Nestbuildingincludesabreedingpairexhibitingcourtship,carryingnestmaterial,and/orengagingin
constructionorrepairofanest.
InactivenestAnestisconsideredinactivewhenitdoesnotcontainviableeggsanddoesnotcontainyoung
thatareincapableofpermanentlyleavingthenest.Aninactivenestmaycontaineggshellfragmentsordead
chicks,butonlyifadultbirdshavestoppedattendingtothenest,eggs,oryoungisthenestconsideredinactive.
Nesting(breeding)seasonTheperiodoftimeduringwhichaparticularspeciesusually,butnotalways,nests
(buildsorrepairsnestsandbroodsyoung).
SingleusenestAnestthatisusedbyaspeciesoncefornestingactivitiesandisrarely,ifever,reusedin
subsequent nesting attempts by the same species. StateThreatened species that rarely reuse nests are
Wakullaseasidesparrow,Scottsseasidesparrow,Worthingtonsmarshwren,Mariansmarshwren,reddish
egret,littleblueheron,roseatespoonbill,tricoloredheron,whitecrownedpigeon,Americanoystercatcher,
snowyplover,blackskimmer,leasttern,andFloridasandhillcrane.
Actions that do not require take permits
Somebirdsdonotdependonthesamenesttosupportessentialbehavioralpatternsaftertheyoungperma
nentlyleavethenestorafterthenestfailsfromnaturalprocesses.Suchnestsaredefinedassingleusenests.
35
35
LAW AND POLICY
Nopermitisrequiredtodestroyaninactivesingleusenestaslongastheproposedlevelofhabitatmodification
or degradation (including impacts to vegetation used for nesting or to nesting substrates such as beaches)
promptingtheremovalisnotdeemedsignificantenoughtoresultintakeofthespeciesasdefinedinRule68A
27.003, F.A.C. Note that possession of the removed nest is prohibited without a permit under Rules 68A
27.003(2)(a)and68A16.001,F.A.C.,andtheFederalMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.
Protections and Prohibitions
NestsusedorbuiltbystateThreatenedbirdsmustbeprotectedfromdestructionordisturbancethatconsti
tutestakeincludingharmorharassmentwhiletheyareactive.Protectionmayentailmaintainingasafe,spe
ciesspecificbufferdistancefromequipment,traffic,pets,andotherdisturbances.Destructionofactivenests
atanytimeofyearisprohibitedwithoutpermitsfromFWCandUSFWS,regardlessofwhetherornotitisduring
thetypicalnestingseason.Notethatthispolicyonlyappliestoremovalofnestsanddoesnotauthorizemodi
ficationordegradationtosurroundinghabitat,includingsubstratesusedfornesting(e.g.,nesttrees,beaches),
thatmayresultintakeaccordingtoChapter68A27,F.A.C.Possessionofremovednestsisprohibitedwithout
apermitunderRules68A27.003(2)(a)and68A16.001,F.A.C.,andtheFederalMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.
State-listed species and man-made structures

Issue
Listedspecieshavebeendocumentedusingmanmadestructuresforessentialbehavioralpatterns(feeding,
breeding,andsheltering).Clearpolicyisneededtoprotectstatelistedspecieswhenproposedactivitiesmay
alterorremovesuchstructures.
Policy guidelines
Actions that do not require take permits
Removalormodificationofmanmadestructuresthatareclearlynotoccupiedbystatelistedspeciesdonot
requireFWCpermits;however,theremovalormodificationofstructuresrecentlyorpreviouslyoccupiedmust
beconductedinamannerconsistentwiththispolicy.Forthepurposesofthispolicy,manmadestructures
includestructurescreatedbypeople,whichmayormaynotbeintendedforusebywildlife.Structuresinclude
(but are not limited to) buildings, bridges, utility poles, signs, equipment, heavy machinery, pipes, loading
docks,andbatandbirdhouses.
Foractionsproposedwherestatelistedspecieshaverecentlybeenusingamanmadestructureforessential
behaviors,removalormodificationofthestructureisauthorizedwithoutapermit,providedthat
anapprovedWildlife/HabitatManagementPlanisinplacefortheareainwhichtheactivitywilloccur,
or
atleast14dayspriornotificationisprovidedtotheFWCsSpeciesConservationPlanningBiologistin
theregionwheretheactivitywilloccur;noeggsordependentyoungarepresent,orthenestingcycle
(orrearingofyoung)hasbeencompleted;andtheactivityisconductedinsuchawaysoastoavoid
directphysicalinjuryofindividualanimals.
Personscomplyingwiththeseconditionsarelegallycoveredshouldincidentaltakeofstatelistedspeciesusing
thestructureoccurasaresultofitsremovalormodification.Personsnotcomplyingwiththeseconditions,
suchasthosethatdonotcontactFWCandprovide14daysnoticeordonotconducttheactivityinawaythat
avoidsdirectphysicalinjury,arenotauthorizedtocauseincidentaltake.
Thispolicydoesnotreplacerequirementsrelatingtobatsoccupyingmanmadestructures;personsmustalso
complywithRule68A9.010,F.A.C.Personscomplyingwiththatruleandthispolicyarelegallycoveredshould
36
36
LAW AND POLICY
incidentaltakeofnonlistedbatsoccurasaresultofremovalormodificationofthestructure.TheFloridabon
netedbat,afederallyEndangeredspecies,isnotcoveredbyRule68A9.010,F.A.C.,andafederalpermitmay
beneededwheneveritisencounteredinmanmadestructuresslatedforremovalormodification.Thispolicy
doesnotapplytothebaldeagle(Haliaeetusleucocephalus),whichisprotectedbytheBaldandGoldenEagle
ProtectionAct,theMigratoryBirdTreatyAct,andRule68A16.002,F.A.C.Removalofanybaldeaglenestre
quiresapermitfromboththeUSFWSandFWC.Additionally,FWCsOspreyNestRemovalGuidelineswillbe
updatedtoreflectconsistencywiththispolicy.
Actions that require incidental take permits
Whenlistedspeciesoccupymanmadestructuresfornestingorbreeding,thegoalistoavoidandminimize
disturbancethatconstitutestakeincludingharmorharassment.Therefore,thispolicydoesnotauthorizere
movalormodificationofmanmadestructureswhenlistedspeciesareactivelyengagedinnestingorbreeding.
Anincidentaltakepermitduringthistimewillbeissuedwithoutanymitigationwhentheactivitymustoccur
toensurehumanhealth and/or safety. Such incidental take permits will include appropriateconditionsfor
minimizingthetake and avoiding direct,physical injury ofthe animals. In exceptional cases where itisnot
possibletoleavenestsinplace,movementofnests,eggs,oryoungbypersonswithappropriatetrainingand
experience in the safe handling of the species or similar species would be required. For example, a permit
issuedforairconditionerrepairsonaroofwithnestingleastternscouldincludeprotectivemeasuressuchas
postedworkingareasandspecificworkingtimesandduration.
Mitigation
Removaloralterationofanymanmadestructuresthathaveservedaslistedspecieshabitatfornestingor
breedingthatresultsinanincidentaltakewillnotberequiredtoprovideaconservationorscientificbenefit
whenconductedconsistentwiththispolicy.Incaseswherethemanmadestructurewasrequiredaspartofa
mitigationplanforpermitsissuedforimpactstostatelistedspecies(e.g.,nestingstructures),theoriginalper
mittingagencyshouldbecontactedtodiscussreplacementmitigationsites.
Aversive conditioning of state-listed species

Take of stateThreatened species is prohibited in Rule 68A27.003(2)(a), F.A.C., and defined in Rule 68A
27.001(4),F.A.C,astoharass,harm,pursue,hunt,shoot,wound,kill,trap,captureorcollect,ortoattemptto
engageinsuchconduct.Thetermharassisfurtherdefinedasanintentionalornegligentactoromissionthat
createsthelikelihoodofinjurytowildlifebyannoyingittosuchanextentastosignificantlydisruptnormal
behavioralpatterns,whichincludebutarenotlimitedto,breeding,feeding,orsheltering.TakeofaSpeciesof
SpecialConcernisprohibitedunderRule68A27.005(2)(a),F.A.C.,andstatesthatnopersonshalltake,possess,
transport,orsellanySpeciesofSpecialConcernorpartsthereofortheirnestsoreggsexceptasauthorizedby
permitfromtheExecutiveDirector(permitsissueduponreasonableconclusionthatthepermittedactivitywill
notbedetrimentaltothesurvivalpotentialofthespecies).
Take,asitappliestoSpeciesofSpecialConcern,isdefinedinRule68A1.004,F.A.C.,astaking,attemptingto
take,pursuing,hunting,molesting,capturing,orkillinganywildlifeorfreshwaterfish,ortheirnestsoreggsby
anymeanswhetherornotsuchactionsresultinobtainingpossessionofsuchwildlifeorfreshwaterfishortheir
nestsoreggs.
Issue
HumanhealthandsafetyarecoreconsiderationsofFWCsmission.Conflictsbetweenpeopleandwildlifein
Floridahavebeenincreasinginrecentyears,andFWCandpartnersstrivetoresolvetheseconflictsinaneffec
tiveandefficientway.Forexample,whenfedbypeopleorwhendefendingabreedingterritory,Floridasandhill
37
37
LAW AND POLICY
craneshavebeenknowntoattackcars,damagewindowsandscreens,orevenattempttoattackhumans.Big
CypressandShermansfoxsquirrelscanlosetheirfearofpeopleifgivenfoodandmaythenrunatorbecome
aggressivetowardpeopleandpotentiallybitethem.Thesespeciesandtheiractionshavethepotentialtoim
pacthumansafety,pets,andproperty.
Thispolicy applies to species listed as stateThreatened or Species ofSpecial Concern andis currentlyonly
applicabletotheFloridasandhillcrane,BigCypressfoxsquirrel,andShermansfoxsquirrel.
Policy guidelines
StafffromFWChasoutlinedappropriateaversiveconditioningtechniquesforstatelistedspeciesintheSpecies
Conservation Measures and Permitting Guidelines. When aversive conditioning techniques are used as de
scribed,nopermitisrequiredandcitizenswouldbecoveredinthecaseofunintentionallytakingananimal
whenconductingtheseactivities.Forthepurposeofthispolicy,aversiveconditioningisdefinedasbehavior
modificationusinganadversestimulusinresponsetotheinappropriateorundesirablebehaviorofindividual
animals.Aversiveconditioningincludesspecies,situationandlocationspecificnonlethalactionstoreduceor
eliminatenuisancebehaviorexhibitedbyindividualanimals.Availableaversiveconditioningoptionsallowthe
publictorespondquicklywhennecessarytopreventconflictsfrombecomingmoresevereandtoprotecthu
manhealth,safety,andproperty.Byprovidingappropriatemethodsforaversiveconditioningtoreducerisks
tohumanhealth,safety,andproperty,FWCintendstominimizeconflictswiththesespecies,preventharmful
deterrentmethods,andthusenhancetheirsurvivalpotentialbyincreasingpublicsupportfortheirconserva
tion.
Thedecisiontoapplyaversiveconditioningismadeonacasebycasebasis;however,beforeutilizingtherec
ommendedaversiveconditioningtechniques,allotherappropriateorpracticablesteps,asoutlinedintheSpe
ciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines,shouldbetakentoresolvetheconflict.
RegionalFWCstaffcanprovidetechnicalassistanceonthesemeasures,includingguidanceto
removeattractantscontributingtothebehavior,includingfeedingwildlife;
temporarilycovershinysurfacesorremoveshinyobjects;and
temporarilyprotectwindows,screens,orwaterlineswithapprovedexclusionfencing.
Aversiveconditioningtechniquesmayincludeapprovedpersistentmethodsthatdonotresultinphysicalharm
orcontact,capture,orhandlingofstatelistedspecies.ApprovedmethodsaredetailedintheSpeciesConser
vationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines.Thesemethodswouldneedtobedeterminedonaspeciesbasis
andmaychangebasedonenvironmentalconditionsanddetailsofeachcase.Supportforimplementingthese
methodswillbeprovidedbyregionalstaffasnecessary.AfteractionreportsarerequestedtoallowFWCto
collectinformationonspeciesinvolved,andwhereandhowoftenthesemethodsarebeingused.
Ifaversiveconditioningdoesnotresolvethehumanhealthorsafetyissue,theissuanceofanintentionaltake
permitwillbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.

38
38
SpeciesActionPlanSummaries
SpeciesActionPlansoutlinethemanagementactionsnecessarytominimizetheimpactofknownthreats,im
prove habitat conditions, and streamline efforts to conserve the species; they also identify speciesspecific
conservationgoals.Researchneeds,keypartners,andrecommendedimprovementstospeciesprotectionsare
alsoincludedineachSAP.FoundationaltoFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan,SpeciesActionPlans
documentathoroughassessmentofcurrentconditionsandprioritizetheactionsnecessarytoimprovespecies
conservationstatus.TheseplansarethebuildingblocksofthecomprehensiveapproachoutlinedintheISMP,
anditisthroughthespeciesspecificactionsthattheintegratedconservationstrategiesemerged.Implemen
tationoftheSAPsisongoing,andmanyactionsarealreadyinprogress.WhiletheSpeciesActionPlansprovide
thedetailedstepsnecessarytoimprovetheconservationstatusforindividualspecies,theISMPoutlinesthe
implementationstrategiestoensurebenefitsaremaximized,resourcesareappliedinthemosteffectiveman
ner,andwildlifepopulationsaremanagedinholisticperspective.
ThefollowingsummariesoftheSpeciesActionPlansaredesignedtoprovidereaderswithbasicinformation
onwherespeciesareknowntooccur,knownthreatstothespecies,andtheconservationstrategiesintended
toimprovethestatusofeachspecies.Thesesummariesidentifythecurrentlistingstatusforeachspecies,
includingforthosethathavebeenremovedfromFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList(recently
delistedspecieswillbeidentifiedasSpeciesofGreatestConservationNeedinFloridasStateWildlifeAction
Plan).ThecompleteSpeciesActionPlansareavailableattheImperiledSpeciessectionofMyFWC.com.
ThreatslistedinthesummariesthatfollowarethosehighlightedintheSpeciesActionPlansthemselves.These
threatsarelargelyunderstoodasthecausesbehindthespeciesspecificconditionsthattriggeredlistingcriteria
during the Biological Status Reviews. That is, the threats outlined here may not be directly outlined in the
BiologicalStatusReviewreports,butarebelievedtobedirectlyorindirectlycontributingtothevulnerability
factorsidentifiedinthereports.Fordetailsaboutlistingstatusrecommendations,seethecompleteBiological
StatusReviews.
Thesummariesareorganizedbytaxa,usingthefollowingcolorcodingsystem.
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Invertebrates

39
39
SPECIES ACTION PLAN SUMMARIES
Big Cypress Fox Squirrel

Sciurus niger avicennia
The Big Cypress fox squirrel is one of four subspecies of fox
squirrel in Florida. Fox squirrels are large tree squirrels whose
coloration is usually a mix of buff (tan), gray, and black, with
patterns that are highly variable among individual squirrels.
Photograph by Michael Landwehr.
Status
Listed as state Threatened on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Big Cypress fox squirrel is improved to the point that the species is secure
within its historical range.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation due to land-use conversion, especially on the western periphery of the
species range. Rapid urbanization has also contributed to fragmented populations. While this
species is somewhat adaptable, the loss of large trees suitable for nesting may exclude it from
otherwise inhabitable urban areas.
Insufficient management of potentially suitable habitat, primarily due to inadequate fire regimes.
Significant loss of bromeliads (e.g., Tillandsia fasciculata), which Big Cypress fox squirrels use for
nesting substrate, due to effects of the nonnative Mexican bromeliad weevil (Metamasius callizona).
Disease, including mange and squirrel poxvirus.
Road mortality, especially in urban areas.
Conservation Approach
Clarify the genetic relationship among fox squirrels to better understand species distribution and
improve protections.
Determine habitat types used and preferred by Big Cypress fox squirrels.
Identify specific habitat features that help
to increase the abundance of Big Cypress
fox squirrels in preferred habitats.
Increase survival and productivity rate by
developing incentives to encourage
landowners and land managers to
maintain or enhance the quality of
preferred habitats.
Current Protections
No person shall take (including harm or
harass), possess, or sell any Threatened
species, as outlined in Chapter 68A-27,
F.A.C., Rules Relating to Endangered or
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
Biological Status Review Report
40
Eastern Chipmunk
Tamias striatus
The eastern chipmunk is commonly associated with
hardwood forest comprised of oak and hickory trees, but is
also found in residential areas. Between 2012 and 2014,
FWC staff conducted a study to determine current area of
occupancy and extent of occurrence for the eastern
chipmunk, and found that neither has declined since the
previous study (conducted in the 1980s). Following the
Photograph by Dr. Laura Wagner, Clemson
University.
convening of a Biological Review Group, this information
led to a change in recommended listing status for this
species. The Species Action Plan is currently undergoing revision to reflect this change.
Status
Removed from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List in 2016.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the eastern chipmunk is maintained or improved so that the species will not again
need to be listed on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List. This goal reflects current information,
and will be incorporated into the revised Species Action Plan.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss due to the clearing of deciduous forests
No population management or habitat conservation actions were identified in the 2013 Species Action Plan,
due to lack of life history and population data. Thus, the conservation strategy for this species was to
determine the biological information necessary to inform management, including
specific habitat requirements,
area of occupancy and extent of
occurrence, and
population size in Florida.
These actions have been largely achieved, and the
Species Action Plan is undergoing revision to
reflect a conservation approach reflective of the
currently known information.
Current Protections
General Prohibitions and Requirements,
Rule 68A-4.001, F.A.C., prohibits the take,
transport, sale, and possession of wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
41
Everglades Mink
Neovison vison evergladensis
The mink is a medium-sized mammal in the weasel family.
The Everglades mink, found only in Florida, is a subspecies of
American mink (N. vison).
Status
Listed as state Threatened on Floridas Endangered and
Threatened Species List.
Photograph by David Shindle, Conservancy

of Southwest Florida.
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the Everglades mink is improved to the point that it is secure within its historical
range.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss due to agriculture and urbanization
Habitat alteration, including changes to the natural water-levels in the Everglades, changes in water
quality, alteration of seasonal water-levels related to climate change, and saltwater intrusion
associated with sea-level rise
Disease, including canine distemper virus
High sensitivity to environmental pollutants, such as mercury
Proliferation of nonnative predators, particularly the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus)
Fill critical gaps in existing information on the species phylogenic subspecies designation, extent of
occurrence, area of occupancy, and population size and trend.
Increase understanding of the species habitat requirements, specific population-limiting factors
(such as disease and pollutants), and effective survey techniques.
Protect the population through appropriately designed rules and permitting requirements.
Educate the public, stakeholders, and
land managers about conservation
needs and results of research on the
Everglades mink.
Current Protections
species or parts of their nests or eggs, as
outlined in Chapter 68A-27, F.A.C., Rules
Relating to Endangered or Threatened
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
42
Florida Mouse
Podomys floridanus
The Florida mouse constructs underground burrows,
often within the burrow of another species, primarily the
gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). This mouse is
restricted to dry, fire-maintained upland habitats with
deep, sandy soils.
Status
Removed from Floridas Endangered and Threatened
Species List in 2016.
Photograph Fiona Sunquist.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Florida mouse remains the same or has improved so that it does not warrant
listing on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Loss, degradation, and increasing fragmentation of scrub and sandhill communities due to
development and agricultural use or insufficient management (fire suppression or inadequate fire
application).
Decline of gopher tortoises, on which the Florida mouse is considered moderately dependent.
Unintended consequences of relocation, a practice currently allowed in limited circumstances under
FWCs Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines.
Maintain a stable or increasing statewide population while addressing local threats.
Identify the characteristics of high-quality habitat (such as specific vegetation composition and
diversity) to inform management practices, including the use of prescribed fire.
Determine the genetic structure and connectivity throughout the species range.
Current Protections
Rule 68A-4.001, F.A.C., prohibits the
take, transport, sale, and possession of
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
43
Homosassa Shrew
Sorex longirostris eionis
Shrews are secretive animals adapted for living and foraging
under leaf and pine-straw litter and in mole tunnels. The
Homosassa shrew has a long tail and tapered snout, with
adults averaging 3.78 inches in length. It is darker and more
chestnut in color than closely related species. Eyes are greatly
reduced but external ears are present.
Photograph by Justin C. Davis.
Status
Listed as a Species of Special Concern on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Conservation Goal
Determine the conservation status of the Homosassa shrew in Florida.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation due to land-use conversion, especially that which results in excessive
soil compaction and/or removal of coarse woody debris and the uppermost soil layer.
Threats associated with increasing urbanization, such as predation by free-ranging cats (Felis catus),
drowning in swimming pools, and mortality associated with lawn maintenance.
Improve survey and monitoring capabilities by determining effective trapping techniques and
developing a monitoring schema and trapping protocol.
Confirm taxonomic status through genetic testing.
Maintain known preferred habitat types to minimize impacts to the species.
Collect additional habitat association and population density information sufficient to conduct a
thorough status review by 2020.
Provide land managers with information on microhabitat requirements that benefit the shrew and
guidance on assessing shrew abundance
and density at their location.
Utilize existing programs and coordinate
with conservation partners to maximize
efforts.
Current Protections
wildlife.
Designation of Species of Special
Concern, Rule 68A-27.005, F.A.C.
Resources
Species Action Plan
44
Sanibel Island Rice Rat

Oryzomys palustris sanibeli
The Sanibel Island rice rat is a medium-sized rat with a long,
Photograph by Jerry Lee Gingerich
sparsely haired tail. Its distribution is limited to Sanibel
Island, where it is only known to occur in freshwater
marshes. Further study is needed to understand whether it also occurs in coastal marsh and mangrove
habitats, as do other rice rats.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Sanibel Island rice rat is improved to the point that the species is secure within
its historical range.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation
Difficulty in applying management tools, such as prescribed fire, near urbanized areas of Sanibel
Island
Predation by free-ranging cats (Felis catus)
Resource competition with black rats (Rattus rattus)
Impacts associated with sea-level rise and climate change, including increased salinity of freshwater
marshes
Manage habitat to improve conditions on 25 percent of potentially suitable sites.
Identify methods to increase connectivity, improving mobility between fragmented habitat.
Implement a monitoring program to reliably verify presence or absence at all potentially suitable
sites across the species historic range.
Use monitoring results to evaluate
trends in population size and responses
to management activities.
Further examine the genetics of rice rat
populations on Sanibel Island, Pine
Island, and the mainland.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
45
Shermans Fox Squirrel

Sciurus niger shermani
The Shermans fox squirrel is one of four subspecies of fox
squirrel in Florida. Fox squirrels are large tree squirrels whose
coloration is usually a mix of buff (tan), gray, and black, with
patterns that are highly variable among individual squirrels.
Shermans fox squirrels eat a variety of small fruits and berries,
acorns, insects, bromeliad buds, and seeds.
Photograph by David Jones.
Status
Conservation Goal
Determine the conservation status for the Shermans fox squirrel in Florida.
Identified Threats
Loss of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests, mixed pine-hardwood forests, pineland, sandhill, and
scrub due to development, agriculture, clear-cutting, and conversion to pasture and other uses.
Habitat degradation due to logging, fire suppression, and insufficient retention of mature oaks
during habitat restoration efforts.
Fragmentation of habitat and potential isolation of local populations.
Road mortality, especially in urban areas.
Disease, including fibromatosis and squirrel poxvirus.
Clarify the genetic relationship with other fox squirrels to better understand species distribution and
improve protections.
Determine the area of occupancy and extent of occurrence through improved monitoring protocols
and coordination of ongoing research activities.
Increase the survival and productivity rate
of the species through improving habitat
management efforts on public and
private conservation lands and creating or
maintaining corridors to connect isolated
populations.
Current Protections
Designation of Species of Special Concern,
Rule 68A-27.005, F.A.C.
Resources
Species Action Plan
46
Shermans Short-Tailed Shrew

Blarina shermani
The Shermans short-tailed shrew is a slate gray, robust
shrew, with short legs and a tapered snout. Adults average
4.3 inches in length. The tail is short, hairy, and slightly
flattened. The eyes and ears are very small. This species
has not been confirmed in many years, and is considered
highly vulnerable to extinction.
Photograph by Justin C. Davis, FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Shermans short-tailed shrew is improved to the point that the species is
secure within its historical range.
Identified Threats
The following threats are largely exacerbated by the Homosassa shrews very restricted range.
Habitat loss and degradation due to land-use conversion, especially that which results in excessive
soil compaction or removal of coarse woody debris in the uppermost soil layer.
Threats associated with increasing urbanization, such as predation by free-ranging domestic cats
(Felis catus), drowning in swimming pools, and mortality associated with lawn maintenance.
Confirm the existence of the species within its suspected range through survey efforts in suitable
habitat.
Identify and refine survey methodology to reliably confirm presence.
When presence is confirmed, determine population size and trend, and confirm the taxonomic status
of the species through genetic sequencing.
Identify preferred habitat associations
while using knowledge of closely related
shrew species to improve habitat
conditions.
Quantify threats and determine
management actions that will sustain or
increase the population.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
47
American Oystercatcher
Haematopus palliatus
The American oystercatcher makes its nest directly in sand, shell, or
small gravel in coastal areas. This species creates a scrape in the
substrate in which to lay its camouflaged eggs. As its name implies,
the species feeds primarily on marine bivalves.
Photograph by Jack Rogers.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the American oystercatcher to a point that it can be removed from
Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation, largely due to coastal development and incompatible recreational use.
Disturbance during breeding, causing nest failure and resulting in loss of eggs and/or chicks.
Changes to water quality that impact bivalves (e.g., pollution, turbidity, depth, and temperature).
Predation is a significant threat magnified by human disturbance.
Increase the population of the American oystercatcher by protecting breeding sites.
Protect, restore, enhance, and create habitat sufficient to accommodate population growth.
Continue monitoring through the Florida Shorebird Alliance, and refine methods as necessary.
Fill information gaps, including determining productivity rates necessary to sustain population
growth.
Minimize loss of birds and nests at rooftop breeding sites.
Educate those who recreate, reside, and work on beaches and in coastal areas about the species
conservation needs.
Improve protections and implement a
permitting structure to support
management actions.
Current Protections
Species.
Under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty
Act, it is unlawful to pursue, hunt, take,
capture, kill, or sell migratory birds,
including their feathers, eggs, and nests.
Resources
Species Action Plan
48
Black Skimmer
Rynchops niger
Black skimmers, like other beach-nesting birds, nest in
shallow scrapes in sand, shell, or gravel along the coast and
occasionally on flat, gravel-covered rooftops.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the black skimmer to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Endangered and Threatened Species List and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Direct loss of eggs and chicks due to pedestrian and vehicular traffic on beaches.
Mortality and injury associated with rooftop nesting colonies.
Predation is a significant threat that is magnified by human disturbance, as waiting predators benefit
when adult birds are flushed from a nest.
Increase the population by protecting breeding and staging sites through appropriate management.
Continue monitoring through the Florida Shorebird Alliance, refining methods as necessary.
Fill information gaps, including productivity rate necessary for population stability.
Educate those who recreate, reside, and work in coastal areas about species conservation needs.
management actions.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
49
Brown Pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis
Brown pelicans plunge dive for fish in salt, brackish, and fresh
water. In Florida, brown pelicans nest primarily in mangroves,
though a few ground colonies have been documented.
Status
Removed from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List
in 2016.
Photograph by FWC.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the brown pelican is maintained or improved so that the species will not again
need to be listed on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Monofilament and hook entanglement, and accidental ingestion of fishing hardware
Disturbances that cause breeding birds to flush, exposing eggs/young to predators and elements
Loss of suitable breeding habitat due to development
Habitat degradation from nonnative vegetation, hydrologic alteration, climate change, and nutrient
enrichment in waters
Increased presence of predators that cause nest failure
Overwash during the breeding season threatens ground colonies
Water quality changes that reduce prey base or impact water clarity
Through targeted outreach, minimize monofilament and hook entanglement and protect brown
pelicans from injury and mortality related to intentional feeding.
Through management and restoration, ensure that quality habitats for breeding and foraging are
sufficient to maintain or increase the current population.
Provide adequate protection at breeding
locations and increase the amount of
protected breeding habitat available.
Current Protections
transport, sale, and possession of wildlife,
and specifically prohibits the intentional
feeding of pelicans where determined to
be detrimental to a local population.
Resources
Species Action Plan
50
Florida Burrowing Owl

The Florida burrowing owl is geographically distinct from burrowing
owls occurring in the western U.S. Burrowing owls require welldrained upland habitats, and are typically found at treeless sites
with sparse or low-growing vegetation. Because of this, they may
be found at airports, golf courses, in some neighborhoods, and at
sites cleared for development.
Photograph by FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the Florida burrowing owl is improved to a point that the species can be removed
from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species list and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Loss of native habitat and the resulting dependence on altered habitat.
Lack of protected habitat, even for rural burrowing owls.
Lure of potentially hazardous habitat, such as predevelopment activities (vegetation clearing)
resulting in sites that mimic native habitat of the burrowing owl.
Urban area threats, including vehicle collision, predation or injury by domestic animals, and burrow
destruction by mowers or other equipment.
Protect and manage habitat to support current population and to accommodate population growth.
Minimize impacts of development and land-use conversion through Species Conservation Measures
and Permitting Guidelines, outreach, and technical assistance.
Ensure adequate protection of burrows through education, enforcement, and management.
Determine if one or more populations
exist, and monitor population(s) to assess
size and trend.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
51
Florida Sandhill Crane

Antigone canadensis pratensis
The Florida sandhill crane is one of two subspecies that inhabits Florida.
Indistinguishable by appearance, they are not known to interbreed. The
greater sandhill crane (A. c. tabida) spends only the winter months here
while the Florida sandhill crane lives in Florida year-round.
Photograph by FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the Florida sandhill crane to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation due to development and lack of appropriate management. The prairies,
improved pastures, and freshwater marshes on which the species depends are especially vulnerable
to overgrowth, development, and alteration.
Predation and road mortality are exacerbated by habitat fragmentation as cranes travel farther
between breeding and foraging areas; proximity of wetlands to upland areas is key to crane survival.
Altered hydrology, drought, flooding, storms, and groundwater withdrawal can threaten productivity
and survival.
Lack of genetic diversity may be a threat, as the population estimate is less than 5,000 cranes.
Increase the amount of suitable habitat through restoring hydrology and managing open habitats.
Reduce mortality and ensure that quality habitat is sufficient to facilitate population growth.
Ensure that species needs are considered in conservation and incentive programs.
Fill information gaps and improve management through research and monitoring.
Educate targeted audiences to minimize
threats to crane survival and promote
practices compatible with wildlife.
Current Protections
Species.
including feathers, eggs, and nests.
Antigone canadensis pratensis
Resources
Species Action Plan
52
Least Tern
Sternula antillarum
The least tern is the smallest tern of North America,
measuring about nine inches in length. Like other beachnesting birds, nests in shallow scrapes in sand, shell, or
gravel on the coast or near bodies of fresh water. Least
terns also utilize flat, gravel rooftops for nesting.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the least tern to a point that it can be removed from Floridas Endangered
and Threatened Species List and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Direct loss of eggs and chicks due to pedestrian and vehicular traffic on beaches.
Mortality and injury associated with rooftop nesting colonies.
Predation is a significant threat that is magnified by human disturbance.
Increase the population by protecting breeding sites through appropriate management.
Continue monitoring through the Florida Shorebird Alliance, refining methods as necessary.
Fill information gaps necessary to improve protections and management.
Through targeted outreach, expand awareness about the species conservation needs.
management actions.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
53
Limpkin
Aramus guarauna
The limpkin inhabits and forages in vegetated banks
and the shallows of rivers and streams, along lake
edges, and in swamps, marshes, and other wetlands
throughout peninsular Florida.
Status
Photograph by FWC.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the limpkin remains the same or is improved so that the limpkin does not warrant
relisting on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Loss of foraging and nesting areas. Alteration of wetlands, the species primary breeding and
foraging habitat, due to development, diversion of natural water-flow, altered levels of water
fluctuation, lower water-tables, and nutrient enrichment in waters.
Magnified vulnerability to changes in water quality due to dependence on aquatic freshwater prey.
Pollutants, turbidity, and presence of aquatic invasive species may alter the abundance and
composition of available prey.
Predation of mature individuals by alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) and Burmese pythons
(Python molurus bivittatus) and nest predation by snakes and small mammals.
Vulnerability to specific parasites from consuming snails harboring nematodes, for example.
Maintain or increase the limpkin population through habitat management and protection.
Restore and manage habitat appropriately to increase the amount of suitable habitat.
Implement monitoring statewide.
Through partnerships, ensure that the
needs of limpkins are considered during
large-scale wetland restoration (such as
projects in the Everglades).
Current Protections
wildlife.
The federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act,
under which it is unlawful to pursue,
hunt, take, capture, kill, or sell migratory
birds, their feathers, eggs, and nests.
Resources
Species Action Plan
54
Little Blue Heron

Egretta caerulea
Little blue herons are stealthy hunters, preying on small fishes, aquatic
crustaceans, amphibians, snakes, and insects. Though their diets are
diverse, they do require shallow wetlands for foraging.
Status
Listed as state Threatened on Floridas Endangered and Threatened
Species List.
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the little blue heron to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
Habitat degradation, including diversion of natural water-flow, altered levels of water fluctuation,
lower water-tables, and nutrient enrichment in waters.
Loss of suitable foraging and breeding areas due to human disturbance, especially during key phases
of reproduction (e.g., continued disturbance near nesting colonies).
Increased presence of predators that cause nest failure.
Magnified vulnerability to pesticides, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants.
Reverse the little blue herons population decline by protecting breeding sites.
Ensure that quality habitat is sufficiently available to support migratory populations and to sustain
and grow Floridas resident population.
Partner effectively to ensure that species needs are considered during large-scale wetland
restoration (such as projects occurring in and planned for the Everglades).
Provide adequate protection to important nesting colonies through enforcement and education.
Identify and prioritize top nesting
colonies in Florida to effectively target
research and conservation efforts.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
55
Marians Marsh Wren

Cistothorus palustris marianae
Marians marsh wren is a small, nonmigratory songbird. It is
restricted to saltmarsh habitat, a coastal ecotone that forms
a transitional zone between marine and terrestrial
communities. This unique habitat is considered to be among
the most productive natural communities in the world.
Status
Photograph by Larry Gridley.
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the Marians marsh wren so that it is secure within its historical range.
Identified Threats
Historic and continued loss of intact salt marshes and related fragmentation from dredging and
filling, impoundments, and other hydrological changes that alter vegetation composition.
Changes resulting from sea-level rise and climate change.
Single events, such as hurricanes and oil and chemical spills.
All known threats are exacerbated by this species limited and narrow range.
Maintain protections for saltmarsh habitat.
Collect information necessary to determine management strategies that will stabilize the Marians
marsh wren population within its historical range.
Identify threats and population-limiting factors, including vulnerability to disturbance.
Identify management actions that will improve habitat quality and result in conditions necessary for
successful recolonization.
Through education and outreach,
improve awareness of species
dependent on salt marsh.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
56
Osprey of Monroe County

Pandion haliaetus
Osprey breeding in coastal southern Florida (Monroe and
surrounding counties) are considered nonmigratory residents, and
are a potentially distinct subpopulation, though this has not yet
been scientifically verified.
Photograph by Tom Wilmers.
Status
Conservation Goal
Determine the conservation status for the osprey of Monroe County.
Identified Threats
Vulnerability to water-quality changes that result in prey base declines. For example, prey may be
limited in portions of Florida Bay due to hypersalinity from lowered freshwater inflow.
Loss of suitable breeding habitat.
Human disturbance, especially during key phases of reproduction.
Entanglement in monofilament and injury resulting from accidental ingestion of fishing hooks.
Maintain or increase a viable population of ospreys in Monroe County by ensuring that quality
habitat and a healthy prey base are sufficiently available.
Ensure long-term habitat quality and availability through participation in Everglades restoration.
Identify population status through genetic analysis and additional research, including determining
the breeding range of this potential subpopulation.
Provide adequate protection at existing breeding locations, and through targeted acquisition
increase the amount of protected breeding habitat available.
Prevent monofilament entanglement and disturbance by boat operators through targeted outreach.
Current Protections
Osprey nests, active and inactive, may
only be removed by FWC permit.
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
Osprey Nest Removal Guidelines
57
Reddish Egret
Egretta rufescens
The reddish egret nests exclusively on vegetated islands along the
coast with nearby wetlands for foraging. Saltwater mud flats, sandbars,
and coastal lagoons with water less than six inches deep are typical
foraging grounds.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the reddish egret to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
A habitat specialist, this species is restricted to coastal wetlands, making it especially vulnerable to
coastal habitat alteration from development, use, sea-level rise, and water management.
Diversion of natural water flow, altered levels of water fluctuation, lower water-tables, and nutrient
enrichment in waters when these conditions impact prey abundance and diversity.
Human disturbance, especially during foraging and key phases of reproduction.
Increase the population of reddish egrets by protecting breeding sites.
Ensure quality habitat is sufficient to increase the number of locations in which the species occurs.
Partner with appropriate organizations to ensure that species needs are considered during largescale wetland restoration (such as projects occurring in and planned for the Everglades).
Protect important nesting colonies through partnership with law enforcement and education.
colonies within Florida to better target
research and conservation efforts.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
58
Roseate Spoonbill
Platalea ajaja
The roseate spoonbill uses its flat, spoon-shaped bill to probe
shallow fresh or salt waters for small fish and other aquatic animals.
Spoonbills nest primarily on coastal islands, though they occur
inland outside of the breeding season.
Photograph by FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the roseate spoonbill to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
Hydrologic alterations; this species relies on prey concentration resulting from gradual dry-down.
lower water-tables, nutrient enrichment in waters, as well as changes associated with sea-level rise.
Loss of suitable habitat due to human disturbance (e.g., continued disturbance of nesting colonies).
Increase the population of roseate spoonbills by protecting breeding sites.
Ensure that quality habitat is sufficiently available to support migratory populations and to increase
the number of locations where the roseate spoonbill occurs.
Partner effectively to ensure that species needs are considered during large-scale wetland
restoration (such as projects occurring in and planned for the Everglades).
Adequately protect nesting colonies through partnership with law enforcement and education.
colonies in Florida to better target
research and management.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
59
Scotts Seaside Sparrow

Ammodramus maritimus peninsulae
Scotts seaside sparrow is a small, nonmigratory songbird. It is
restricted to saltmarsh habitat, a coastal ecotone that forms a
transitional zone between marine and terrestrial communities. This
unique habitat is considered to be among the most productive natural
communities in the world.
Photograph by John Mangold.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the Scotts seaside sparrow so that it is secure within its historical range.
Identified Threats
Collect information necessary to determine management strategies that will stabilize the Scotts
seaside sparrow population within its historical range.
Through education and outreach, improve awareness of species dependent on salt marsh.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
60
Snowy Egret
Egretta thula
The snowy egret favors vegetated areas overhanging
shallow water for nesting. Nesting colonies are often located
on small islands surrounded by either fresh water or salt
water.
Status
Photograph by Alex Kropp.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the snowy egret is to be maintained or improved such that the species does not
need to be listed in the future.
Identified Threats
Habitat degradation, including diversion of natural water flow, altered levels of water fluctuation,
lower water tables, and nutrient enrichment in waters
of reproduction (e.g., continued disturbance near nesting colonies)
Magnified vulnerability to pesticides, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants
Maintain a viable population throughout Florida by ensuring quality habitat is sufficiently available.
Partner with appropriate organizations to ensure that the needs of snowy egrets are considered
during large-scale wetland restoration (e.g., projects in the Everglades).
Provide adequate protection to maintain important nesting colonies through partnership with law
enforcement and education.
Identify and prioritize the top nesting
colonies within Florida to effectively
target research and conservation
efforts.
Current Protections
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
61
Snowy Plover
Charadrius nivosus
The snowy plover makes its nest directly on the sand,
shell, or small gravel of coastal areas. Though still attended
to by adults, snowy plover chicks leave the nest within
hours of hatching, and broods may travel more than one
mile in a single day.
Photograph by Maxis Gamez.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the snowy plover to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
Incompatible beach management practices, such as raking, that alter foraging habitat.
Disturbance during breeding, causing nest failure and resulting in loss of eggs or chicks.
Direct loss of eggs and chicks from pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Predation is a significant threat that is magnified by human disturbance.
Increase the population of snowy plovers by protecting breeding and brood-rearing sites.
Continue monitoring through the Florida Shorebird Alliance, and refine methods as necessary.
Fill information gaps, including determining productivity rates necessary for population growth.
Educate those who recreate, reside, and work in coastal areas about the conservation needs of
snowy plovers.
management actions.
Current Protections
outlined in Chapter 68A-27, F.A.C, Rules
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
62
Southeastern American Kestrel

Falco sparverius paulus
Kestrels are the smallest falcons in North America, measuring
eight to 12 inches in length. The southeastern American kestrel
is one of 17 subspecies of American kestrel in the western
hemisphere; among these, it is the only subspecies that is a
nonmigratory resident of Florida.
Status
Photograph by Alex Lamoreaux.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the southeastern American kestrel is maintained or improved so that the species
can be removed from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Loss of foraging and nesting habitat, largely due to loss of upland communities, and habitat
degradation resulting from fire suppression
Fragmentation of remaining habitat, which likely magnifies the impact of habitat loss
Disease and lowered productivity resulting from chemical contaminants used in manufacturing
Develop and implement habitat management guidelines that detail information on preferred habitat
characteristics and promote management strategies to achieve them.
Develop conservation measures for agricultural and silvicultural practices to minimize impacts.
Expand use and management of nest boxes through partnership development.
Improve understanding of distribution through expanded monitoring efforts.
Fill information gaps on population status, demographics, and productivity in specific habitat types.
Improve protections through developing
enforcement policies and creating
permitting guidelines.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
63
Tricolored Heron
Egretta tricolor
The tricolored heron nearly always selects densely vegetated
sites overhanging water for nesting, such as mangrove islands
and willow thickets. Tricolored herons forage in a variety of
wetlands including tidal marshes, swamps, and pond edges.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the tricolored heron to a point that it can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
lower water-tables, and nutrient enrichment in waters.
of reproduction (e.g., continued disturbance near nesting colonies).
Reverse the tricolored herons population decline by protecting breeding sites.
Ensure that quality habitat is sufficiently available to support migrants and grow Floridas population.
Through partnerships, ensure species needs are considered during large-scale wetland restoration
(e.g., projects in the Everglades).
Protect important nesting colonies through partnership with law enforcement and education.
target research and conservation efforts.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
64
Wakulla Seaside Sparrow

Ammodramus maritimus juncicola
The Wakulla seaside sparrow is a small, nonmigratory songbird. It is
unique habitat is considered to be among the most productive
natural communities in the world.
Photograph by Larry Gridley.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the Wakulla seaside sparrow so that it is secure within its historical range.
Identified Threats
Collect information necessary to determine management strategies that will stabilize the Wakulla
seaside sparrow population within its historical range.
Through education and outreach, improve awareness of species dependent on salt marsh.
Current Protections
No person shall take (including harm
or harass), possess, or sell any
Threatened species or parts of their
nests or eggs, as outlined in Chapter
68A-27, F.A.C., Rules Relating to
Endangered or Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
65
White-Crowned Pigeon
Patagioenas leucocephala
The white-crowned pigeon is similar in size and shape to the
common rock dove (Columba livia), but has a longer neck and tail
and a distinctive white cap on its head. This species depends upon
an abundant supply of fruit, typically found in tropical hardwood
hammocks within the species range.
Photograph by Robert Epstein.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the white-crowned pigeon is improved to the point that the species is secure within its
historical Florida range.
Identified Threats
Intense loss, degradation, and fragmentation of south Floridas tropical hardwood hammock habitat.
Projected habitat alteration associated with climate change and sea-level rise.
Hunting in the species wintering range (outside of the U.S.) is a continuing threat.
Human disturbance to nesting colonies.
Single event threats, such as hurricanes, are exacerbated because of the white-crowned pigeons
narrow and limited range.
Nest predation by raccoons (Procyon lotor) and other predators is also a threat.
Identify current breeding and foraging areas to guide management and conservation efforts.
Fill knowledge gaps concerning reproductive success and mortality.
Improve understanding of the white-crowned pigeons life history and habitat requirements, and
apply this information to targeted outreach efforts.
Improve protections and effectiveness of
permitting programs and rules.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
66
White Ibis
Eudocimus albus
The white ibis preys on aquatic crustaceans in both fresh
water and salt water and on insects. This species typically
nests in dense, single-species colonies, sometimes with
thousands of birds.
Status
Removed from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species
List in 2016.
Photograph by Alex Kropp.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the white ibis is to be maintained or improved such that the species does not need
to be listed in the future.
Identified Threats
lower water-tables, and nutrient enrichment in waters
of reproduction (e.g., continued disturbance near nesting colonies)
Magnified vulnerability to pesticides, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants
Maintain a viable population of white ibis throughout Florida by ensuring that quality habitat is
sufficiently available.
Partner with appropriate organizations to ensure that the needs of the white ibis are considered
during large-scale wetland restoration (such as projects occurring in and planned for the Everglades).
Provide adequate protection to maintain important nesting colonies through partnership with law
enforcement and education.
target research and conservation
efforts.
Current Protections
Rule 68A-4.001, F.A.C, prohibits the
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
67
Worthingtons Marsh Wren

Cistothorus palustris griseus
The Worthingtons marsh wren is a small, nonmigratory songbird. It is
unique habitat is considered to be among the most productive natural
communities in the world.
Photograph Ed Schneider.
Status
Conservation Goal
Improve the conservation status of the Worthingtons marsh wren so that it is secure within its historical
range.
Identified Threats
Collect information necessary to determine management strategies that will stabilize the
Worthingtons marsh wren population within its historical range.
Through education and outreach,
improve awareness of species
dependent on salt marsh.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
68
Alligator Snapping Turtle

Macrochelys temminckii
Recent findings indicate that three species of alligator snapping
turtle occur in Florida. Macrochelys suwanneinsis (Suwannee River
drainage) and M. apalachicolae (drainages bound by the Ochlocknee
and Choctawhatchee rivers) have extremely limited ranges, whereas
Photograph by Kevin Enge, FWC.
M. temminckii occurs in Gulf coast drainages from the Yellow River
in Florida to eastern Texas. A Biological Status Review is being prepared (2016-2017) with consideration of
this information, and may result in a recommended listing status for each of the three species.
Status
Macrochelys temminckii is listed as a Species of Special Concern on Floridas Endangered and Threatened
Species List. This listing status covers any species of alligator snapping turtle in Florida until Biological Status
Reviews are complete for each species.
Conservation Goal
Determine conservation status for the alligator snapping turtle.
Identified Threats
Riverine habitat degradation due to channel dredging, snag removal, siltation, and pollution
Incidental take from fishing gear, including trotlines and bush hooks
Nest predation
Maintain populations, in part by minimizing human impact from fishing, boating, and other activities.
Prevent unauthorized take and possession, and provide protections adequate for conservation.
Maintain extent of occurrence by improving water quality and quantity, habitat characteristics of
occupied rivers, and nearby nesting habitats.
Identify and conserve private lands bordering occupied waterways.
Educate the public, law enforcement, and
land managers about the species.
Current Protections
Rule 68A-4.001, F.A.C., prohibits take,
transport, sale, and possession of
wildlife.
General Provisions for Taking, Possession
and Sale of Reptiles, Rule 68A-25.002,
F.A.C., prohibits the take, transport, and
possession of alligator snapping turtles,
along with other freshwater turtles.
Macrochelys spp.
Resources
Species Action Plan
69
Barbours Map Turtle

Graptemys barbouri
Barbours map turtles have a yellowish blotch behind each
eye, usually connecting to a third blotch on the top of the
head. Females reach 13 inches in length, while males of the
species reach only five inches.
Status
Photograph John B. Jensen.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Barbours map turtle is improved to the point that the species is secure within
Identified Threats
Direct loss through take for food, take by pet collectors, wanton killing, and impacts with motorized
watercraft
Riverine habitat degradation due to channel dredging, snag removal, siltation, and pollution
Predation of turtles and eggs by raccoons (Procyon lotor), fish crows (Corvis ossifrangus), and feral
hogs (Sus scrofa)
Provide protections necessary to conserve the species, including prevention of unauthorized take
and possession.
Maintain the extent of occurrence through improving water quality and quantity, and habitat
characteristics of occupied rivers and nearby nesting habitats.
Identify and conserve private lands bordering occupied waterways.
Educate the public and law enforcement about the Barbours map turtle, and promote consideration
of the species needs by land managers.
Current Protections
Species.
General Provisions for Taking,
Possession, and Sale of Reptiles, Rule
68A-25.002, F.A.C., prohibits the take,
transport, and possession of the
Barbours map turtle, along with other
species of freshwater turtles.
Resources
Species Action Plan
70
Florida Brown Snake of the Lower Keys

Storeria victa
The Florida brown snake has a maximum length of 12
inches and ranges from brown to olive in color.
Status
Listed as state Threatened on Floridas Endangered
and Threatened Species List.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Lower Keys population
of the Florida brown snake is improved to the point that it is secure within the Lower Keys.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss resulting from the clearing of hammock habitats and areas around wetlands in the
Lower Keys.
Roads, which fragment habitat, may contribute to reduced genetic diversity, and are a source of
direct mortality.
Climate change, sea-level rise, and storm surges present exceptional challenges to the Florida brown
snake and its prey due to projected increases in salinity at freshwater sources in the Keys.
Predation by raccoons (Procyon lotor), free-ranging cats (Felis catus), and nonnative species such as
cane toads (Rhinella marina) and Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis).
Restore, protect, manage, and acquire as much suitable habitat as possible to support maintaining
the species area of occupancy and extent of occurrence.
Continue efforts to remove nonnative species from Florida brown snake habitat.
Maintain area of occupancy and extent of occurrence, and increase the population to support
stability.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
71
Florida Keys Mole Skink

Plestiodon egregius egregius
The Florida Keys mole skink is one of five subspecies of mole
skinks in Florida. It is small and slender, with smooth, shiny
scales. The Florida Keys mole skink is known to occur on some
islands in the Florida Keys, and on the Dry Tortugas.
Status
Photograph by Dick Bartlett.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Florida Keys mole skink is improved to the point that the species is secure
Identified Threats
Habitat loss through shoreline development and clearing of pine rockland and tropical hardwood
hammock habitats.
Roads, which fragment habitat, are a source of mortality and also reduce genetic diversity.
Climate change and sea-level rise present exceptional challenges to the Florida Keys mole skink due
to the species inhabitance of the transitional zone just above sea level and because their range is
restricted to islands within the Florida Keys.
Nonnative species, such as the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), along with free-ranging and
domestic cats (Felis catus) are known predators of skink species.
Research habitat preferences of the Florida Keys mole skink to inform habitat management in
support of improving potential habitat throughout the species range.
Continue efforts to remove nonnative
species from the species habitat.
Direct outreach to local conservationists
and interested members of the public to
improve monitoring and encourage
awareness of this species.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
72
Florida Pine Snake

Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus
The Florida pine snake is a large (48-66 inches), nonvenomous snake
with dark brown to reddish blotches on a gray to sandy-colored
background. Its head and snout are adapted for burrowing, and this
Photograph by Kevin Enge.
species spends most of its time underground. Its impressive
defensive displays include hissing, raising its head and inflating its upper body, and shaking its tail.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Florida pine snake is improved to a point that the species can be removed
from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List and will not again need to be listed.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation from the loss of dry uplands and fire suppression.
Roads, which fragment habitat, may contribute to reduced genetic diversity and mortality.
Due to its dependency on underground refuges, the decline of burrowing species such as the gopher
tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) and pocket gopher (Geomys pinetus) present a threat to habitat.
Operations that result in stump removal, soil compaction, and root removal may be threats.
Predation by domestic pets and other nonnative species, and intentional killing by humans.
Increase the amount of suitable habitat through restoration, appropriate fire management,
conservation easements, and support (incentive based and other) and technical assistance to public
and private land managers.
Fill knowledge gaps in species life history, threats, and potential conservation strategies.
Determine and monitor the status of Florida pine snake populations.
Encourage public understanding of and
support for conservation actions through
education and outreach about the
natural history, identification, and
ecological importance of Florida pine
snakes and other snakes.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
73
Key Ringneck Snake

Diadophis punctatus acricus
The Key ringneck snake averages 10 inches in length and
prefers rockland habitat with freshwater sources nearby.
The snakes depend on a moist microhabitat to balance their
bodies evaporative water loss.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Key ringneck snake is improved to the point that the species is secure within
Identified Threats
Habitat loss resulting from the clearing of pine rockland and tropical hardwood hammock habitats.
Roads, which fragment habitat, may contribute to reduced genetic diversity, and are a source of
mortality.
Climate change, sea-level rise, and storm surges present exceptional challenges to the Key ringneck
snake due to the species dependence on freshwater holes, and projections are that salinity levels at
these locations will increase.
Nonnative species, such as the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), along with free-ranging and
domestic cats (Felis catus), are known predators of snakes.
Research taxonomy, population status, and habitat preferences of the Key ringneck snake to inform
management in support of improving habitat and implementing appropriate protections.
species from Key ringneck snake habitat.
Direct outreach to local conservationists
and interested members of the public to
improve monitoring and encourage
awareness of this species.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
74
Peninsula Ribbon Snake of the Lower Keys

Thamnophis sauritus sackenii
This species occurs along freshwater habitat, where it
forages and shelters in grassy and shrubby vegetation. In the
Lower Keys, it may also be found in mangroves and Spartina
marshes. Specimens from the Keys have a yellow, orange, or
tan middorsal stripe, bordered on each side by a black stripe.
Photograph by Phillip A. Frank.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the peninsula ribbon snake, Lower Keys population, is maintained or
improved so the species will not again need to be listed on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species
List.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss due to clearing of hammocks and other habitat near freshwater sources.
Intentional killing by people.
Vehicle mortality may be a significant threat to this population, especially where roads are dense.
Climate change and associated sea-level rise are exceptional challenges to all vulnerable species in
the Florida Keys, as opportunities for inland migration are limited and saltwater intrusion may impact
already rare freshwater wetlands.
Maintain the area of occupancy and extent of occurrence through restoration, management, and
acquisition of suitable habitat.
Maintain or improve the extent and quality of habitat in the Lower Keys.
Maintain a population with more than 10,000 individuals, with more than 1,000 individuals at least
one location.
species from available habitat.
Current Protections
Possession and Sale of Reptiles, Rule
68A-25.002, F.A.C, prohibits the take,
transport, and possession of peninsula
ribbon snakes in the Lower Keys.
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
75
Red Rat Snake of the Lower Keys

Pantherophis guttatus
The red rat snake population of the Lower
Keys is not taxonomically distinct from red
rat snakes in other parts of Florida, though
it is unique in appearance.
Photograph by Randy Grau, FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Lower Keys population of the red rat snake remains the same or is improved
so that that it does not warrant listing on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Though adaptable, red rat snakes have likely been eliminated from some areas due to clearing of
pine rockland and hardwood hammocks.
This species may be targeted for harvest by the pet trade, due to its unique appearance.
Snakes are intentionally killed by people and are predated by feral and free-roaming cats (Felis
catus), opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and a number of other species.
Vehicle mortality may be a significant threat to this population, especially on Big Pine Key, which has
a dense network of roads.
Climate change and associated sea-level rise are exceptional challenges to all vulnerable species in
the Florida Keys, as opportunities for inland migration are limited and saltwater intrusion may impact
already rare freshwater wetlands.
Protect, restore, and manage as much suitable habitat as possible to maintain the red rat snake
population in the Lower Keys.
Continue efforts to eradicate nonnative
species from the Lower Keys.
Protect this population against harvest
to deter collection for the pet trade.
Current Protections
Possession and Sale of Reptiles, Rule
68A-25.002, F.A.C, prohibits the take,
transport, and possession of the red rat
snake in the Lower Keys.
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
76
Rim Rock Crowned Snake

Tantilla oolitica
The rim rock crowned snake is tan to beige in color with a pinkish
to cream belly. A pale blotch behind the eye is often present. The
snake is endemic to south Florida, and specimens from the Keys
may have a pale neckband not present in snakes from the
mainland.
Photograph by Dustin C. Smith.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the rim rock crowned snake is improved to the point that the species is secure
Identified Threats
Habitat destruction and degradation resulting from the clearing of hammock and rockland habitats in
south Florida.
Roads, which fragment habitat, may contribute to reduced genetic diversity and direct mortality.
Climate change, sea-level rise, and storm surges present exceptional challenges to the rim rock
crowned snake and its prey due to projected increases in salinity at freshwater sources in the snakes
limited range.
Predation by nonnative species such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), cane toads
(Rhinella marina), Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis), and exotic lizards.
Continue efforts to remove nonnative species from rim rock crowned snake habitat.
Research the species life history to
promote improved conservation and
ultimately increase the population.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
77
Short-Tailed Snake
Lampropeltis extenuata
The short-tailed snake is a slender snake with an average
length of 12 to 20 inches. This snake has a gray or silver
back with dark brown or black blotches alternating with
yellow or red areas. A key feature is that the head is not
distinct from its cylindrical body. The short-tailed snake is
a burrowing species that spends most of its time
burrowed in the sand.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the short-tailed snake is improved to a point that the species can be removed
Identified Threats
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation of xeric (dry) upland habitats.
Road mortality and habitat fragmentation by roads.
Predation by nonnative species, such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) and pets. The
short-tailed snakes primary prey, crowned snakes (Tantilla relicta), are also vulnerable to this threat.
Intentional killing by humans.
Increase or maintain the amount of suitable habitat through restoration, easements and other landuse agreements, partnerships, and technical assistance to public and private land managers.
Fill data gaps for natural history, habitat requirements, and potential threats.
Develop an effective method to determine and track the status of populations statewide.
support for conservation actions
through education and outreach about
species identification, distribution,
biology, threats, and ecological
importance of this and other snake
species.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
78
Striped Mud Turtle of the Lower Keys

Kinosternon baurii
A small (4.5 inches) freshwater turtle, this species inhabits shallow
wetlands. Pale yellow stripes are visible on either side of the head,
extending back towards the neck. In other parts of the species
range, three stripes extend down the length of its shell; these stripes
are inconspicuous or lacking in specimens from the Lower Keys.
Photograph by Richard D. Bartlett.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the striped mud turtle (Lower Keys population) is improved to the point that the
species is secure within its historical range.
Identified Threats
Loss and degradation of small, ephemeral, fresh or slightly brackish bodies of water the species
inhabits. These areas are naturally rare and impacted by lower water tables due to human water use.
Saltwater intrusion of wetlands caused by climate change, water-table reduction, and diversion.
Climate change and sea-level rise are exceptional challenges to this population as opportunities for
inland migration are limited, and increasing salinity of freshwater areas may impact habitat.
Predation and nest destruction by species such as raccoons (Procyon lotor), opossums (Didelphis
virginiana), introduced lizards, and red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta).
Maintain the population through habitat restoration and management, including improving
freshwater quality and quantity.
Maintain the population by identifying suitable habitat and working with landowners and managers
to protect identified sites.
Continue efforts to eradicate nonnative
species from the Lower Keys.
Protect this population against harvest
and deter collection for the pet trade.
Current Protections
wildlife.
General Provisions for Taking, Possession
and Sale of Reptiles, Rule 68A-25.002,
F.A.C, prohibits the take, transport, and
possession of striped mud turtles, along
with other species of freshwater turtles.
Resources
Species Action Plan
79
Suwannee Cooter
Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis
The Suwannee cooter grows to a maximum length of 17 inches, and
inhabits rivers, large streams, and associated permanent freshwater
habitats. With adequate protection, this species can achieve very
high local densities and biomasses that play an important role in
ecosystem stability and structure.
Photograph Ghislaine C. Guyot.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Suwanee cooter is maintained or improved so that the species will not again
Identified Threats
Intentional take for food and by pet collectors
Riverine habitat degradation and alteration due to pollution, impoundments, channel dredging, snag
removal, and siltation
Impacts with motorized boats
Predation of turtles and eggs, chiefly by raccoons (Procyon lotor), fish crows (Corvus ossifragus), and
feral hogs (Sus scrofa)
Maintain and increase water quantity and quality of occupied rivers and nearby nesting habitat.
Identify and protect private lands bordering inhabited waterways.
Minimize take from fishing, boating, and other activities.
Continue to provide adequate protections against collection for the pet trade and take for food.
Promote education and outreach to stakeholder groups, including law enforcement, boaters, and
anglers.
Current Protections
wildlife.
Possession, and Sale of Reptiles, Rule
68A-25.002, F.A.C., prohibits the take,
transport, and possession of the
Suwannee cooter, along with other
species of freshwater turtles.
Resources
Species Action Plan
80
Florida Bog Frog

Lithobates okaloosae
The Florida bog frog is the smallest true frog in North America,
only 1.5 to two inches in length. Adults inhabit shallow, acidic
seeps and boggy overflows of slow-flowing streams that support
a diversity of herbs, forbs, grasses, mosses, and lichens.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Florida bog frog is improved to the point that the species is secure within its
historical range.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation resulting from altered hydrology, fire exclusion, nonnative vegetation,
and reduction of overall plant diversity
Resource competition and potential genetic swamping with the closely related bronze frog
(Lithobates clamitans clamitans)
Parasites and pathogens, including ranaviruses, which have been documented in widespread die-offs
of other amphibian species in the southeastern U.S.
Saltwater intrusion and increasing periods of drought (that reduce seepage into the Florida bog
frogs habitat) associated with climate change and sea-level rise
Maintain and improve existing habitat through removal of nonnative vegetation and use of
prescribed fire to improve hydrology and minimize vegetation succession.
Monitor sites where this species has been documented to better understand effect of management
actions.
Provide protections necessary to
conserve the species, including
prevention of unauthorized take.
Promote education, outreach, and
collaboration among stakeholder groups.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
81
Georgia Blind Salamander

Eurycea wallacei
The Georgia blind salamander, an aquatic-cave species, lives
permanently in underground water systems within subterranean
springs and flows of aquatic caves and aquifers. Adults are generally
one to two inches in length.
Photograph by Nathanael Herrera,

Florida State University.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Georgia blind salamander is improved to the point that the species is secure
within its historical range in Florida.
Identified Threats
Increased water pollution and other factors affecting water quality in the species underground,
aquatic habitat (such as fertilizers, pesticides, runoff, agricultural waste, septic tank effluent, and
siltation)
Changes in the water table due to groundwater withdrawal for agricultural and human use and
decreases in precipitation caused by climate change or periodic drought
Increased salinity associated with climate change and sea-level rise
Determine specific habitat conditions (including water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen
content, turbidity, nutrient levels, and substrate composition) under which this species typically
occurs to better evaluate its vulnerability to habitat degradation and how best to maintain or
improve habitat quality.
Maintain and enhance suitable habitat at a watershed level. Improving water quality and quantity,
minimizing pollution, and restoring
healthy watersheds will likely benefit this
species.
Promote education and outreach to
inform law enforcement and the public,
specifically cave recreationists.
Current Protections
Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
82
Gopher Frog
Lithobates capito
The gopher frog is a relatively large frog, up to 4.5 inches in
length. These frogs spend the majority of the year in uplands,
where they inhabit underground burrows, often those created
by gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus).
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the gopher frog is maintained or improved so that the species will not again need
to be listed on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation of both xeric (dry) uplands and wetlands
Fire suppression and altered fire regimes in uplands and wetlands
Off-road vehicle use in pond basins
May be affected by impacts to wetland and upland habitat from climate changes
May be affected by impacts on breeding wetlands from groundwater withdrawals
Fish introductions to breeding wetlands
Disease
Maintain and increase the amount of suitable habitat through increasing wetland and upland
restoration efforts, managing for natural fire regimes in uplands and wetlands, and determining if
public conservation lands provide adequate habitat for the long-term protection of this species.
Fill information gaps for life history, threats, and potential conservation strategies.
Initiate a population monitoring program for the species.
Provide adequate protections to
prevent overcollecting and
commercialization.
support for conservation of this species.
Current Protections
Regulations Relating to the Taking of
Amphibians, Rule 68A-26.02, F.A.C.,
excludes the gopher frog from allowable
take of frogs.
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
83
Pine Barrens Treefrog

Hyla andersonii
The Pine Barrens treefrog, approximately 1.5 inches in length,
is primarily confined to acidic shrub and herb seepage bogs
supporting herbaceous and woody plant species.
Status
List in 2016.
Photograph by Kevin Enge.
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Pine Barrens treefrog remains the same or is improved so that it does not
warrant listing on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Loss and degradation of habitat through fire exclusion, destruction, or altered hydrology
High desirability to pet collectors, potentially leading to unsustainable levels of take
Maintain and increase habitat quality through use of prescribed fire, removal of nonnative
vegetation, restoring hydrology, and offering technical assistance and incentives where appropriate.
Monitor sites through seasonal call surveys and collaboration with partners, focusing on locations
where this species has been documented.
Provide protections necessary to conserve the species, including prevention of overcollection and
commercialization.
Promote education and outreach among stakeholder groups, including the public, local
governments, and law enforcement.
Current Protections
Regulations Relating to the Taking of
Amphibians, Rule 68A-26.02, F.A.C.,
excludes the Pine Barrens treefrog from
allowable take of frogs.
Resources
Species Action Plan
84
Blackmouth Shiner
Notropis melanostomus
The blackmouth shiner is among the smallest minnows,
with a maximum length of only 1.5 inches. It is
Photograph by D.G. Bass.
recognizable by its sharply upturned mouth, large eyes,
and dark midline. Known from only a few locations, this
freshwater fish inhabits quiet backwaters and oxbow lakes with no measurable flow.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the blackmouth shiner is improved to a point that the species can be removed from
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation resulting from changes in water quality and quantity, river
impoundments, channel dredging, development, and point-source and nonpoint-source pollution.
Susceptibility to single events (such as chemical spills) is exacerbated because of the species very
limited range.
Maintain or increase the population through maintaining or improving existing water quality and
quantity, and habitat characteristics within priority subwatersheds.
Maintain riparian habitat through adequate buffers.
Increase understanding of species biology and habitat requirements through rangewide surveys,
development of standardized monitoring protocol, and genetic testing.
Coordinate conservation efforts with local government and promote education and outreach about
the blackmouth shiner and its habitat.
Evaluate agricultural and nonagricultural
best management practices to determine
effectiveness, and develop additional
conservation measures and guidelines.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
85
Bluenose Shiner
Pteronotropis welaka
The bluenose shiner grows to two inches in length, is
olive-colored with a dark, lateral stripe bordered by a
narrow, amber stripe, and a blue nose, visible only
on adult males.
Photograph by D.G. Bass.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of bluenose shiner is improved to a point that the species can be removed from Floridas
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation resulting from changes in water quality and quantity, river
impoundments, channel dredging, development, and point-source and nonpoint-source pollution.
Susceptibility to single events (such as chemical spills, sedimentation due to storm events) is
exacerbated because of the species very limited range.
Maintain riparian habitat through adequate buffers.
Coordinate conservation efforts with local government and promote education and outreach about
the bluenose shiner and its habitat.
Evaluate agricultural and nonagricultural
best management practices to
determine effectiveness, and develop
additional conservation measures and
guidelines.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
86
Crystal Darter
Crystallaria asprella
The crystal darter measures up to five inches
in length and inhabits deep, swift raceways in
large creeks and rivers. The species is mostly
translucent, with four brown saddles over
mottled coloration.
Photograph by D.G. Bass, FWC.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the crystal darter is improved to the point that the species is secure within its
historical range.
Identified Threats
Vulnerability to habitat modification and destruction. Land-use practices that increase the sediment
and nutrient loads of streambeds, alterations to the hydrologic regime, and changes to shoreline
morphology are primary stressors impacting aquatic taxa.
Fragmentation of habitat and populations may limit the genetic diversity of the species.
Nonnative species, such as the flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), may impact crystal darter
populations, though this threat requires further research.
Susceptibility to single events (such as chemical spills, floods, or major hurricanes) is exacerbated
because of the species very limited range.
Collect valid population information to support a thorough status review and development of
adequate species protections.
Compile existing knowledge on species distribution, habitat use, and known threats to inform
management and minimize impacts to
the species.
Continue efforts to maintain or improve
water quality and habitat quality in
waterways where the crystal darter is
known to occur.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
87
Harlequin Darter
Etheostoma histrio
The harlequin darter is typically found in medium to large
streams with variable currents and substrate type (e.g., rock,
mud). The species is always associated with detritus, and
feeds exclusively on larval insects.
Status
Listed as a Species of Special Concern on Floridas
Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Photograph by Dr. Lawrence Page, Florida

Museum of Natural History.
Conservation Goal
Determine the conservation status for the harlequin darter in Florida.
Identified Threats
Vulnerable to habitat modification and destruction. Land-use practices that increase the sediment
and nutrient loads of streambeds, alterations to the hydrologic regime, and changes to shoreline
morphology are primary stressors impacting aquatic taxa.
Excessive snag removal or other activity that affects detritus and substrate in the Escambia River and
tributaries.
Fragmentation of habitat and populations may limit the genetic diversity of the species.
Collect valid population information to support a thorough status review and development of
adequate species protections.
Compile existing knowledge on species distribution, habitat use, and known threats to inform
management and minimize impacts to the species.
Continue efforts to maintain or improve water and habitat quality in waterways where the harlequin
darter is known to occur.
Current Protections
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
88
Key Silverside
Menidia conchorum
Although this small silverside is known to tolerate a wide
range of salinities, it is generally found in protected, saline
lagoons and ponds with restricted tidal exchange. Mostly
carnivorous, this species eats planktonic crustaceans and
insects.
Photograph by Dr. Mike Howell, Samford

University.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the Key silverside is improved to a point that the Key silverside can be removed from
Identified Threats
Further reduction of naturally limited habitat, including loss of known sites that have been filled,
destroyed, or altered by development, hurricanes, or flooding.
Potentially incompatible management of nonnative and nuisance species, such as removal of
Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) near lagoons and ponds and ditching for mosquito control,
alter habitat and may reduce reproductive success rates for the Key silverside.
Introduction of nonnative species, such as the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), may also impact Key
silverside populations at specific sites.
Susceptibility to single events (such as chemical spills, floods, or major hurricanes) is exacerbated
because of the species very limited range.
Determine the taxonomic status of the species to inform management and improve protections.
Increase the known extent of occurrence through habitat management, surveys in potentially
suitable habitat outside of the existing known range, and increased understanding of habitat
requirements.
Increase the number of known locations
for the species through improvements to
detection methods and monitoring
protocols.
Maintain semi-enclosed saltwater lagoon
habitats for the Key silverside.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
89
Lake Eustis Pupfish

Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi
The Lake Eustis pupfish is a small (up to two inches), cryptic
freshwater fish inhabiting eight lakes in central Florida.
Considered a subspecies of the common and widespread
sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), species of
this genus are typically hardy and quite adaptable. While the species is found at fewer than 10 locations in
Florida, populations appear to be stable.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the Lake Eustis pupfish is maintained or improved so that the species will not again
Identified Threats
Declines in water quality and quantity that lead to habitat loss and degradation, can affect plant
species diversity and abundance, which may impact microhabitat for the Lake Eustis pupfish.
Nonnative, invasive aquatic plants, such as Hydrilla verticillata, can severely degrade habitat.
Introduction of new predators into the ecosystems inhabited by this species.
Develop an efficient and valid sampling program to document the distribution and abundance of the
species to ultimately inform management.
Determine habitat requirements and document important aquatic habitat to increase understanding
of the species needs and improve conservation efforts.
Establish a mechanism for communicating important findings and existing knowledge to the public,
aquatic resource managers, and other stakeholders.
Current Protections
The Lake Eustis pupfish receives the
same protections as other small,
nongame fish, as outlined in Rule 68A1.004(46), F.A.C.; harvest methods are
regulated under Rule 68A-23.003, F.A.C.
Resources
Species Action Plan
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Mangrove Rivulus
Kryptolebias marmoratus
The mangrove rivulus is a small fish (up to 2.3 inches long)
with a dark, cryptic coloration. This species inhabits mangrove
forests and associated microhabitats, including crab burrows,
logs, small pools, and solution pits. A synchronous, selffertilizing species, individuals produce both eggs and sperm
and fertilize internally; the offspring are thus genetically
identical to the parent.
Photograph by Scott Taylor.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the mangrove rivulus is maintained or improved so that the species will not again
Identified Threats
Destruction and degradation of mangrove habitat with which the species is strongly associated.
Coastal development, hurricanes, sea-level rise and climate change, and water quantity and quality
contribute to loss of suitable habitat.
Mosquito control activities, such as impoundments and hydroperiod manipulation, may alter habitat
and require further research.
Harvest for research, due to the species unique ability to clone itself.
Maintain diverse mangrove habitat through management and restoration; by improving
understanding of specific habitat requirements of the mangrove rivulus; and through partnerships
with land managers, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and developers.
Create and implement conservation guidelines that will benefit this species and its habitat by
avoiding the development of sensitive
habitat and by minimizing overall
impacts during development.
Maintain or increase the population
through determining current size and
trend and understanding potential for
repopulation of restored habitat.
Provide adequate protections against
overharvest.
Current Protections
Collection is regulated through the
Marine Special Activity License program,
pursuant to Chapter 68B-8, F.A.C.
Resources
Species Action Plan
91
Saltmarsh Topminnow
Fundulus jenkinsi
Photograph of a male saltmarsh topminnow
The saltmarsh topminnow typically measures

by Gretchen Grammer.
between 1.4 and 1.8 inches in length, though some
females may reach 2.4 inches. The species is distinguished by one or two rows of dark round spots along the
midline of the body, from the pectoral fin to the base of the caudal fin. This species typically occurs in
cordgrass (Spartina sp.) and needlerush (Juncus sp.) marshes, and shallow water with salinity less than 16
parts per thousand.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the saltmarsh topminnow is improved to a point that the species can be removed
Identified Threats
Habitat loss and degradation resulting from changes in water quality and quantity, impoundments,
channelization, dredging, ditching, development, and point-source and nonpoint-source pollution.
Susceptibility to single events (such as chemical and oil spills, floods, or major hurricanes) is
exacerbated because of the species very limited range.
Coordinate conservation efforts with local government and develop additional conservation
measures and guidelines.
Continue to assess potential threats and
implement conservation strategies to
minimize or eliminate the threats.
Current Protections
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
92
Southern Tessellated Darter

Etheostoma olmstedi maculaticeps
The southern tessellated darter is typically tan or light brown, with

a series of X- or W-shaped markings along its side. In Florida, this species is known only from five locations
within the Ocklawaha River Basin; the next nearest population is over 120 miles away in Georgias Altamaha
River Basin.
Status
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of the southern tessellated darter is improved to the point that the species is secure
Identified Threats
Habitat alteration
Population fragmentation
Reduced water flows
Predation by, competition with, or hybridization with introduced species
Pursue additional species information, such as abundance, locations occupied, and habitat
preferences.
Protect known locations and habitats from natural and human-related disturbances.
Coordinate with regulatory agencies and landowners to improve habitat and protect known
populations.
Current Protections
No person shall take (including harm or harass), possess, or sell any Threatened species, as outlined in
Chapter 68A-27, F.A.C., Rules Relating to
Endangered or Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
93
Black Creek Crayfish

Procambarus pictus
The Black Creek crayfish is generally three inches in length.
Endemic to northeastern Florida, it inhabits relatively cool,
swift, and sand-bottomed streams. Its rusty coloration and
speckled pattern allow the species to camouflage during the
day among stream bottom detritus, tree roots, and vegetation.
Photograph Barry Mansell.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Black Creek crayfish is improved to a point that the species can be removed
from Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List and will not need to be listed again.
Identified Threats
Threats to the high-quality stream habitat this species inhabits, including pollution, changes to water
temperature or oxygen content, siltation, damming, and other water quality or quantity changes.
Improperly controlled effluent from mining sites.
Road crossings and bridge work (construction or repair) may cause siltation and result in higher
levels of water pollution at the site.
Disease, including apparent fungal infection, though more information is needed to assess this
potential threat.
Increasing urbanization of the area occupied by the Black Creek crayfish may lead to changes in
water and habitat quality.
Identify and minimize threats to this species through coordination with landowners and land
managers to protect, monitor, and enhance habitat quality at known sites.
Create and disseminate stream-centered
habitat management recommendations
to reduce threats, safeguard crayfish,
and protect riparian corridors.
Locate and protect populations outside
the Black Creek watershed through
continued surveys and efforts to reduce
species vulnerability.
Current Protections
species as outlined in Chapter 68A-27,
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
94
Florida Tree Snail

Liguus fasciatus
The Florida tree snail has 58 documented color forms. Its conical
shell typically measures between 1.5 and 2.5 inches in length.
This species is found in tropical hardwood hammock
communities of south Florida.
Status
List in 2016.
Photograph by Randy Grau, FWC.
Conservation Goal
Conservation status of Florida tree snail is maintained or improved so that the species will not again need to
be listed on Floridas Endangered and Threatened Species List.
Identified Threats
Habitat loss due to loss of hardwood hammocks in the Upper Keys.
Habitat alteration and disturbance, including removal of humus, tree cutting, and alterations that
affect the amount of sunlight penetrating the hammock may make the microclimate within a
hammock unsuitable for the Florida tree snail.
Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) are considered a significant threat because they can
predate the Florida tree snail at all life stages and have contributed to the local extinction of another
tree snail species.
Impacts to population and habitat caused by other nonnative species.
Mosquito control pesticides, which are linked to population declines.
Through inventory and mapping, increase understanding of and inform management for the
preservation of color morph diversity.
Maintain or increase habitat quantity or
quality through fee simple or less-thanfee simple acquisition and habitat
restoration.
Improve protections to safeguard the
Florida tree snail from take and
possession without a permit.
Current Protections
take, transport, sale and possession of
wildlife.
Resources
Species Action Plan
95
Santa Fe Cave Crayfish

Procambarus erythrops
The Santa Fe cave crayfish is generally 3.5 inches in length.
The species has an unpigmented body, with the exception of a
reddish to brown spot on the eyes. As its name implies, this
crayfish inhabits subterranean aquatic caves, feeding on any
available organic matter.
Photograph Barry Mansell.
Status
Conservation Goal
The conservation status of the Santa Fe cave crayfish is improved to the point that the species is secure
Identified Threats
Degradation of the aquifer and karst features through exposure to land-borne threats (e.g., water
pollution, groundwater withdrawal).
Limestone mining and waste dumping at or near caves, sinkholes, or other features that link to the
subterranean ecosystems inhabited by this species.
Flooding, which causes flushing of contaminants, may impact subterranean water quality and has
been associated with die-offs of a related crayfish species.
Climate change, which may increase the salinity of the aquifer or lengthen periods of drought,
affecting subterranean ecosystems.
Maintain and increase habitat quality at occupied sites through coordination with landowners and
managers and ongoing monitoring.
Identify threats and address them.
Map the aquifer and determine
connectedness of known occupied sites.
Document and protect additional
occupied sites.
Coordinate with regulators of resource
extraction to ensure that this species is
considered in planning for future
activities.
Current Protections
species as outlined in Chapter 68A-27,
Threatened Species.
Resources
Species Action Plan
96
IntegratedConservationStrategies
WhileSpeciesActionPlansidentifythreatsandoutlineprioritizedconservationneedsforindividualspeciesor
groupsofspecies,integratedconservationstrategiestakeamorecompleteandcomprehensiveapproachand
focusonhigherlevelstrategiesandintegratedactionsthatbenefitmultiplespeciesandtheirhabitats.TheICSs
willfacilitateimplementationofkeyactionsoutlinedintheSAPswhileconsideringemergingissuesandpoten
tialconflicts.Thiseffortwillhelpfocusimplementationonareasandissuesthatwillyieldthegreatestlevelof
conservationforthegreatestnumberofspecies.Thestrategiespresentthecurrentagencyapproachtoin
creasingcollaborationwithkeypartnersandstakeholderswhileminimizingduplicationofeffortsonissuesthat
impactthespeciesincludedinthisplan.Theyalsodescribeintegrationofspeciesneeds,habitatneeds,staff
time,effort,andresources.
DevelopmentoftheICSsbeganwithananalysisoftheSAPs.Staff,assembledfromavarietyofFWCsections
anddivisions,workedinteamsonfivetopics:ResearchandMonitoring,HabitatConservationandManage
ment,IncentivesandInfluencing,LawandPolicy,andEducationandOutreach.Eachteamworkedtoidentify
highlevelissuesthatinfluencemultiplespecies.Teamsthendeveloped14strategiesand72actionsthatad
dresstheneedsofmultiplespecies.EachICSteamidentifiedtheSAPsandapplicableSAPactionnumberrele
vanttotheintegratedconservationstrategyandintegratedactiontheydeveloped(seeTable6).Thestrategies
andactionsarenotinpriorityorder,butrepresentanefforttodiscerntheactionsthatwillhavethemost
benefitforthehighestnumberofspecies.ThepriorityofanygivenactionandtheDivisionorSectionbest
suitedtoimplement thoseactions is outlined in the Implementationsection. In most cases, the integrated
conservationstrategiesandintegratedactionsareapplicabletomorethanjustimperiledspecies,andcould
benefitmanybeyondthe57currentlyincludedinFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.NotallSAP
actions are covered under the integrated conservation strategies because some species face very specific
threatsandhaveindividualneedsthatshouldbeaddressed.
Byimplementingthestrategiesthatemergedfromthisprocess,theconservationeffortsofstaff,partners,and
stakeholderscanbemoreefficientandeffective.Theseintegratedstrategiesandactions,incombinationwith
prioritizedactionsidentifiedintheSAPsforindividualspecies,will,overthenext10years,guideimplementa
tionofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlan.
Prioritizationofthekeystrategiesandactions,describedintheImplementationsection,willbebalancedwith
individualspeciesneedsandpriorities.StaffwillusethesestrategiesandtheassociatedSAPactionstopriori
tizeregionalandstatewideefforts.Progressmonitoringwillbeessentialduringimplementationtoensurethat
approachestoconservationareadaptedtoaccountforemergingissuesorunanticipatedresults.Implementing
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanwillrequirecollaborationandcoordinationacrosstheagency
andwithourpartnersandstakeholders.
Theintegratedconservationstrategiesarelistedbycategory.Eachstrategy,andtheactionsthat,whenimple
mented,supportprogresstowardmeetingtheISMPgoal,isexplainedinfurtherdetailinthischapter.

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INTEGRATED CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
Research and
Monitoring
ICS1: Acquiretheinformationnecessarytofillcriticaldatagapsthat
preventorinhibittheconservationofimperiledspecies(i.e.,
increaseourknowledgeandunderstanding).
ICS2: Conductsurveysandmonitorstatusandtrendsofimperiled
speciestodeterminewhetherconservationactionsare
improvingcurrentstatus.
ICS3: Surveyandmonitorhabitatsoccupiedbyimperiledspeciesto
assesshabitatquality,evaluatetheeffectivenessofhabitat
managementactions,anddeterminehowthesehabitatsrespond
toenvironmentalchange.
ICS4: Identify,monitor,andrespondtothreatsthatmayhave
significantnegativeimpactsonthestatusofFloridasimperiled
species.
Habitat
Conservation
and
Management
ICS5: Conductandsupportterrestrialandaquatichabitatmanagement
practicesthatincreaseenhancementandrestorationtosupport
selfsustainingpopulationsofdiverseandimperiledspecies.
ICS6: Protectsufficienthabitatlongtermtosupportimperiledspecies
recovery.
ICS7: Directhabitatmanagementtoreducethreatsinordertosustain
importantpopulationsofimperiledspecies.
Incentives and
Influencing
ICS8: Conserveandmanageimperiledspeciesandtheirhabitatsonpublic
andprivatelandsbybalancingregulations,voluntarystewardship,
anduseofeconomicandregulatoryincentives.
ICS9: Promotetheconservationandmanagementofimperiledspecies
andtheirhabitatsonprivateandpubliclandsbyproviding
technicalassistance,guidance,andrecommendationstolocal,
state,andfederalgovernments;planners;anddecisionmakers.
Law and Policy
ICS10: ImprovecollaborationbetweenFWCandotherstate,federal,
andlocalpermittingandenforcementagenciestoaddressnegative
impactstoimperiledspeciesandhabitatsthatsupportessential
behaviors.
Education and
Outreach
ICS11:Incollaborationwithconservationpartners,educateand
communicatewithkeytargetaudiencesaboutthevalueof
prescribedfireandrelatedhabitatmanagementforimperiled
species.
ICS12: Communicatewithtargetaudiencesthatlive,work,andrecreate
intransitionzoneswherewaterandlandconnectaboutthe
valueoftheseareasandwhattheycandotoconservethefish
andwildlifethatliveinthesehabitats.
ICS13: Promotecoexistencewithimperiledspeciesandengagekey
targetaudiencesinconservationstewardship.
Logistical
Support and
Infrastructure
ICS14: Expandagencyandpartnerinfrastructureandcapacityto
efficientlyconserveimperiledspeciespopulationsandtheir
habitats.
Figure 3. Integrated conservation strategies (ICSs). Organized into six categories, each strategy and its supporting
actions will support progress towards achieving Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan goal.
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Research and monitoring

Integrated Conservation Strategy 1
Acquiretheinformationnecessarytofillcriticaldatagapsthatpreventorinhibittheconservationofimperiled
species(i.e.,increaseourknowledgeandunderstanding).
Data gaps (i.e., information needs) are a significant challenge to implementing conservation efforts (FWC
2012),andtheyexistformanyspecies.Theseinformationgapsincludeissuessuchasdetermininglifehistory
traits, taxonomic validity of a species or subspecies, and habitat requirements and management needs. By
addressingtheseinformationneeds,FWCcaneffectivelysetpopulationobjectives,establishappropriatesur
veyandmonitoringprotocols,addressthreats,implementeffectivemanagementtechniques,andmeasurethe
successofconservationefforts(inparticular,reassessingthelistingstatusofthespecies).TheSpeciesAction
PlansidentifyawiderangeofdatagapsforeachofFloridasimperiledspeciesand,duetothediversityand
scattereddistributionofthesespeciesacrossthelandscape,methodstofillthosegapswilllikelyvary.
Integrated actions
1.1 Conductgeneticstudiestodeterminetaxonomicvalidity,metapopulationdynamics,andphylogeogra
phyofimperiledspecies.
Rationale
Geneticstudiesareafeasibleandcosteffectivetoolthatcananswerawidevarietyofquestionsinthe
fieldofwildlifeconservationandmanagement.OverhalfoftheSpeciesActionsPlansidentifygenetic
studiesashighpriorityconservationactions.Whileitisnotnecessaryforallspecies,itisanimportant
componentoffillingdatagaps.
Insomecases,FWCbiologistshavetheexpertiseandinfrastructuretocollect,process,andanalyzege
neticmaterial,butnotalways.ByexpandingtheinfrastructureandexpertisewithinFWCtoprocessand
analyzegeneticmaterial,theagencycanreducethecostofconductinggeneticstudiescalledforinthe
SAPs.
1.2 Conductdemographicandlifehistorystudiestoobtaininformationrequiredforestablishingpopulation
objectives,implementinghabitatand/orpopulationmanagement,anddevelopingmonitoringprogramswhere
needed(seeICS2).
Rationale
Demographicandlifehistorystudiesfilldatagapsonpopulationsize,structure,andfluctuation(e.g.,
natality, mortality, migration), as well as diet, habitat characteristics, metapopulation dynamics, and
more.AcquiringinformationondemographyandlifehistorywillallowFWCanditspartnerstodetermine
themosteffectivewaystomeasuremanagementsuccessaswellasidentifypopulationchanges(see
Integrated Action 2.1) and threats (see ICS 4) and effectively target management actions to address
thosethreats.
DuringtheBiologicalStatusReviewsconductedbyFWCin2010,multiplespecieslackedscientifically
defensibleinformationonpopulationsizeandtrend,areaofoccupancy,andextentofoccurrence.Ob
tainingthisinformationwouldenableFWCtoreevaluatethelistingstatusofspeciesremainingonFlor
idasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListduetoalackofsufficientdata(seeIntegratedAction1.4).
1.3
Identifytheminimalandoptimalhabitatrequirementsofimperiledspecies.

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Rationale
WiththesuccessofmanySpeciesActionPlansrelyingontheconservationofhabitat,itisimportantthat
thehabitatrequirementsofeachimperiledspeciesarethoroughlyunderstood.Abetterunderstanding
oftherelationshipbetweenhabitatmanagementactionsanddemographyisalsoneeded.Manyofthe
SAPsidentifyknowledgeofhabitatrequirementsaseitherlackingorincomplete.Whenthehabitatre
quirementsofaspeciesareknown,FWCanditspartnerscanmoreeffectivelymanagethehabitatand
overcomethethreat(s)thattriggeredtheneedforlisting(seeIntegratedAction5.1).
1.4 Using information identified in other conservation strategies and integrated actions, conduct coordi
natedspeciesassessmentsofimperiledspecies.
Rationale
The Millsap Biological Score (Millsap et al. 1990), IUCN criteria (IUCN 2001), and NatureServe (2002)
global and state rankings are three tools used in various prioritization processes within FWC to help
identifyspeciesmostinneedofimmediateresearchandmanagementaction.Thestatelistingprocess
reliesonMillsapandIUCNcriteria,inparticular.Reassessingspeciesstatuseveryfiveyearswillrequire
updatingtheMillsapandIUCNscoresthroughacomprehensiveliteraturereviewforstatelistedand
delistedspecies.Thisshouldbeacoordinatedeffort,includinginternalandexternalpartners(e.g.,Flor
idasNaturalAreasInventory[FNAI],theentityresponsibleformaintainingFloridasNatureServerank
ings)withspeciesspecificexpertise.

Conductsurveysandmonitorstatusandtrendsofimperiledspeciestodeterminewhetherconservationac
tionsareimprovingcurrentstatus.
UsingdataneedsreferencedinICS1,thisstrategyexplainshowFWCplanstoincorporatepopulationtrends
andspeciesassessmentstodeterminetheimpactsofmanagementonimperiledwildlife.Speciesmonitoring
isrecognizedinFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlanasintegralto,andarequiredelementof,wildlifeconserva
tioninFlorida.Tomeasuretheeffectivenessofimperiledspeciesconservationeffortsanddeterminewhether
orwhenaspeciescanberemovedfromtheimperiledspecieslist(orneedstoberelisted),itisnecessaryto
monitorpopulationsize,populationtrend,areaofoccupancy,and/orextentofoccurrence(criteriameasured
inFloridasimperiledspecieslistingprocess).Monitoringneedsandapproacheswillvaryamongspecies;direct
populationmonitoringispossibleandrecommendedforsomespecies,whileforothers(e.g.,crypticorfosso
rialspecies)alternativeapproaches,suchashabitatmonitoringoroccupancymodeling,maybeneeded.The
currentstatusofmonitoringeffortvarieswidelyamongthespeciesintheISMP.
Integrated actions
2.1 Developandimplementacomprehensivesurveyandmonitoringprogramthatencompassesallimper
iledspeciesforwhichitisneeded.
Rationale
Acomprehensivesurveyandmonitoringprogramisneededtotrackthestatusofimperiledspeciesand
tomeasuretheeffectivenessofimplementingmanagementactionsidentifiedinthisplan.Aspartof
operationalplanningforimplementationoftheISMP,managers,researchers,andpartnersshouldmeet
annually(orasappropriate)toreprioritizespeciesmonitoringneedsanddeterminewhichmonitoring
programstoimplement,developingaroadmaporoperationalplantoguidetheprocess.Thisplanshould
listthespecieswithandwithoutprotocols,andincludeschedulesforbothprotocoldevelopmentand

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monitoring.Examplesofongoingsurveyingandmonitoringeffortsthatshouldbeincorporatedintothis
planincludeFWCsWildlifeConservation,Prioritization,andRecoveryprogramandtheFloridaShorebird
Database.
2.2
Coordinateallknownimperiledspeciesmonitoringeffortstoachievemaximummonitoringefficiency.
Rationale
Inpart,FWCwillrelyonsurveyandmonitoringdatacollectedbyoutsideentities.StafffromFWCwill
identifyexistingandplannedmonitoringeffortsrelevanttoimperiledspeciessuchasscientificcollecting
permits and bird banding permits, standardize monitoring protocols as much as possible, share
resources,andsharedata.SuccessfulmodelsforthisapproachincludetheFloridaShorebirdDatabase
andtheSeagrassIntegratedMappingandMonitoringProgram.
2.3 Developanddistributestandardizedsurveyprotocols(thatallowforthedetectionoftrends)inaformat
thatcanbeusedbyprivatelandowners,developers,consultants,localandstategovernmentagencies,and
academicinstitutions.
Rationale
Straightforward, standardized survey protocolswill facilitatedata collection andcompilation andwill

contributetoourknowledgeofspeciesrangeandhabitatoccurrence.Surveyprotocolshavealready
beendevelopedforsomeofFloridasimperiledspecies,suchastheFloridamouseandthesoutheastern
Americankestrel.Standardsurveyprotocolsensurethatdatacollectionmethodsareconsistentandthat
datafromdifferentpartnersarecomparable.WithinFWC,thisefforthasbeenrecentlyexpandedunder
theWCPR program,so thatstandardprotocolsare used for species surveys on wildlife management
areas.Thiseffortcanbeexpandedtoincludespeciescurrentlywithoutsurveyprotocolsandtoother
publiclands.
2.4 DevelopmechanismsbywhichspeciessightingscanbereportedbythepublicandFWCsconservation
partnersinordertoenhancethecollectionofoccurrencedata,particularlyforrarespecies.
Rationale
AhandfulofwebsitesandsmartphoneapplicationsdevelopedbyFWCarealreadybeingusedbythe
public,FWCbiologists,andotherconservationpartnerstocaptureoccurrenceinformationonbothhigh
profileandrarespecies(seeBecomeaFishandWildlifeCitizenScientistSightings).Foreasilyrecog
nizablespecies,thisisacosteffectivemethodthatcontributestoourknowledgeofareaofoccupancy
andhabitatuse.Inanefforttoensurethatdatacollectionisreliable,mechanismstocheckforaccuracy
shouldbedevelopedwherefeasible.ThisactionisalsorelatedtoIntegratedAction13.2.
2.5 Developnew,andcontinueongoing,citizenscienceprojectsthatwillassistintheoveralleffortstosur
veyandmonitorimperiledspecies.
Rationale
Citizenscienceprojectsmakeimportantcontributionstotheconservationofsomeimperiledspecies.
Twocurrentexamplesofsuccessfulcitizenscienceprogramsarethenestingshorebirdandnestingsea
turtleprograms(seeBecomeaFishandWildlifeCitizenScientistSurvey).Theseprogramshavenotonly
significantlyimprovedourknowledgeofthesespecies(includingidentificationofimportantnestingsites
andhabitatuse),butalsobuiltpublicsupportandcommitmenttotheirprotection.Thisactionisalso
relatedtoIntegratedAction13.3.

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Surveyandmonitorhabitatsoccupiedbyimperiledspeciestoassesshabitatquality,evaluatetheeffectiveness
ofhabitatmanagementactions,anddeterminehowthesehabitatsrespondtoenvironmentalchange.
Inordertoimprovethestatusofimperiledspeciesthroughhabitatacquisitionand/ormanagementactivities,
landmanagersneedathoroughunderstandingoftheirdistributions,habitatrequirements,andmanagement
needs(seeICS1andICS2).WhileFWCdoesnothaveregulatoryjurisdictionovermanyofthehabitatsthat
thesespeciesdependupon,gatheringinformationfromotheragenciesorgroupsaboutthesehabitatsreduces
duplication of effort. This information can be established to ensure that Floridas habitats are meeting the
needsofimperiledspecies.
StafffromFWChasnotedaneedtodevelopcoordinated,statewidehabitatmonitoringprogramsthatwill
identifyimperiledspecieshabitatinneedofmanagement,aswellasallowforevaluationoftheconditionof
thehabitatandeffectivenessofmanagementactivitieswithinthosehabitats.Creationoftheseprogramsre
quiresparticipationbyavarietyofpublicandprivatepartnersandleveragingexistingrelationshipsandre
sources.Partnersshouldincludefederal,state,andlocalagencies,aswellasconservationorganizations,uni
versities,landowners,privateconsultantsandcontractors,andcitizenscientists.Significantcoordinationand
commitmentfromourpartneringagenciesareneededtoadoptandimplementstandardizedmonitoringpro
tocols.Existingprogramscanbeausefulfoundationforbuildingahabitatmonitoringprogramthatcouldpro
vide useful information on the condition of Floridas habitats. Such information is collected on FWCs lead
managementareasthroughtheObjectiveBasedVegetationManagementprogram.Florida'sWildlifeLegacy
Initiative and its partners compile data on habitat condition (or health) for a variety of terrestrial,
freshwater, and marine habitats statewide, and report this information in the Statewide Habitat Reporting
System.Manypublicandprivateagenciesandorganizationstracktheextentandconditionofspecifichabitat
typesorareas;partnershipsanddatasharingwillreduceredundancyandmaximizeefficiency.
Integrated actions
3.1 Developandimplementstandardizedprotocolsthatwillmakeitpossibletoevaluateandmonitorhabi
tatconditionsandtheeffectivenessofwaterandlandmanagementactivitieswithinimperiledspecieshabi
tats,especiallyinthefaceofenvironmentalstressorsandchange.
Rationale
Standardizedmonitoringprotocolsthatarebasedonobjectivehabitatmeasuresshouldbedeveloped
andimplementedtodeterminewhetherornotmanagementactivitiesareproducingthehabitatcondi
tions (Integrated Action 1.3) necessary to achieve conservation goals for specific species or suites of
species. Many conservation entities, along with FWC, often track the extent and condition of similar
habitattypesontheirproperties,makingitimportanttodevelopstandardizedprotocolsinacoordinated
fashionandbuildoffofmethodscurrentlyinuse.Inordertostandardizeprotocols,landmanagersneed
tobesurveyedtodevelopacomprehensivelistofexistinghabitatmonitoringefforts.Thatinformation
wouldthenbeusedtodesignahabitatmonitoringapproachthatusesexistingmonitoringeffortsand
identifieswhereneweffortsarerequired.Examplesofprogramsthathavebroughttogetherpartners
with the goal of building a standardized, statewide habitat monitoring program include the Seagrass
IntegratedMappingandMonitoringprogramandtheCoastalHabitatIntegratedMappingandMonitor
ingProgram.
3.2
MaximizehabitatmonitoringcoverageandeffortbytrainingFWCstaff,partners,andprivateconsultants to
conductsamplingusingthestandardizedprotocolsdevelopedinIntegratedAction3.1.

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Rationale
CentraltothesuccessofICS3iscoordinationofhabitatmonitoringeffortswithotherentities.Thisin
cludesentitiescurrentlyconductingmonitoringandthosenotcurrentlymonitoringimperiledspecies
habitats. Joint or coordinated collection efforts can maximize data collection with limited resources,
therebycreatingefficiencies.Throughcoordinationwithpartners,FWCstaffmaybeabletodetermine
importantareasthatlackadequatesurveyandmonitoringactivities.Theseareascanbeincorporated
intoFWCssurveyandmonitoringprogramsorthoseofFWCspartners.Oncecoordinationisinplace,a
neweconomicincentiveprogramcouldbedevelopedtoencourageprivatelandownerstoparticipatein
monitoringefforts(IntegratedAction8.2).
3.3
Developastatewidespatialdatabaseforstoringhabitatmonitoringdata.
Rationale
Informationnecessarytobuildaspatialdatabaseincludeslanduse/landcoverdata(e.g.,FNAI,water
managementdistricts)andspeciespresence/absencedatawiththeassociatedenvironmentalmeasures
(e.g.,canopycover,waterdepth).Datawouldbeidentifiedandinventoriedbasedonproductsdevel
opedusingmappingtechniqueswithinageographicinformationsystem(GIS)(e.g.,staticmapsofcon
servationareas,likelihoodmapsofspeciesdistributionboundaries,habitatdelineations).Thiscompila
tionofdatainaspatialformatisakeystepinimplementingthisplan.Examplestobuildfrominclude
these FWC databases: Marine Resources Geographic Information System, Terrestrial Resources Geo
graphicInformationSystem,andLandManagementInformationSystems.
3.4 UsingthedatabaseoutlinedinIntegratedAction3.3,modelandmappotentiallysuitablehabitat,and
current availability, for eachimperiled species, identifying important areas for habitat management and/or
protection.Oncemapsaregenerated,conductsitevisitsatapercentageofthesitestodeterminemodelac
curacyandsuccessatcategorizinghabitatconditions.
Rationale
MappingspeciesdistributionandhabitatdatawillallowFWCanditspartnerstodevelophabitatmodels
thatpredicttherelativelikelihoodofaspeciesoccurringinotherplaces.Italsoallowsfortrackingcon
servationstatus,identifyingwheretoconductspeciessurveysandhabitatmonitoring,andhelpingto
identifywheretoapplyvariousconservationactions(SeeIntegratedAction5.1andIntegratedAction
6.1).Includinginformationabouthistoricdistributionsthatarenolongerintactcanleadtotheidentifi
cationofwhatthreatsresultedinthehabitatchange.
The1994effortthatresultedinClosingtheGapsinFloridasWildlifeHabitatConservationSystem(Cox
etal.1994)identifiedhighpriorityareasinneedofconservationandprotection.Itwouldbebeneficial
tobuildonthiseffortandincorporatetheidentificationofareasinneedofmanagementactivities.An
otherspatiallyexplicitefforttocapturespeciesstatuswasrecentlydevelopedbyGeorgiasDepartment
ofNaturalResources.ConservationStatusAssessmentMapsforhighpriorityspeciesweregenerated
usingoccurrencedataandsurveymethodsthathavehelpedGeorgiaidentifyrangesize,surveyneeds,
andhighpriorityareasforconservationandmanagementaction.Ifimplemented,suchamethodwould
beusefulinmeetingIntegratedAction1.4.

Identify,monitor,andrespondtothreatsthatmayhavesignificantnegativeimpactsonthestatusofFloridas
imperiledspecies.

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Someofthemostinfluentialforcesaffectingimperiledspeciesdistributionsoriginatefromhumaninfluenced
externalstressors.Thesecanstemfromglobalsourcesthatinfluencelocalconditionsorfromsourcesmore
localinorigin.Forexample,climatechangeattheglobalscaleispredictedtoinfluencehydrologyatlocalscales
ontheFloridapeninsula,directlyaffectingspeciesthatrequirespecifichydrologicalconditions.Conversely,
pesticiderunoffmaydirectlyinfluenceonlythosespecieswithdirectexposure.Regardlessoftheorigin,exter
nalstressorsundoubtedlyinfluenceaspeciesphysiology,fitness,anddistributionandcanhaveadramatic
effectontheresilienceofpopulations.
DespitetheinfluenceofthesestressorsonFloridasplantandanimalcommunities,littleisknownabouthow
theyregulatepopulationsandaffectresilience.Managingagenciesandpartnersmustbeequippedwiththe
bestscienceandtoolsavailabletoidentifythecriticalareasandcorrespondingconservationactionsthatwill
increasetheresilienceofpopulationsandprovidethehighestprobabilitythattheywillberestoredtocondi
tionsthatensuretheirlongtermpersistence.
Integrated actions
4.1 Developnewmodels,andintegrateexistingones,thatpredictlandusepatternsunderdifferentsocial,
political,andeconomicscenariostoidentifypotentialareasofconflictbetweenlanduseandimperiledspecies
distributions.
Rationale
Manyimperiledspeciesrelyonhabitatsthatarealsosuitableforhumanuses.Toensuresuccessfulcon
servationofimperiledspeciesandsimultaneouslyplanforFloridasgrowinghumanpopulation,predict
ingthelocationandintensityoflandusechangeisnecessary.Thesepredictionswillhelpguideselection
ofconservation lands needed to preserve parcel sizeandconnectivityrequiredby imperiled species,
whilereducingpotentialforconflictwithhumandevelopment.TheFWCparticipatesinotherstateand
federal regulatory programs as a review agency. During review, FWC identifies and recommends
measurestoaddressfishandwildliferesourcestobeincorporatedintotheregulatoryprocessesofother
agencies.Forexample,FWCstaff,incoordinationwithotherstateagencies,providescommentstofed
eralagencies(e.g.,U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers)onfederalactions,suchasprojectsinitiatedbyafed
eralagencyorpermitsbeingapprovedbyafederalagency.
StafffromFWCalsocoordinateswithstateagenciessuchastheFloridaDepartmentofEnvironmental
ProtectionandthefivewatermanagementdistrictsontheEnvironmentalResourcePermitprogram,
whichregulatesactivitiessuchasdredgingandfillinginwetlands,floodprotection,stormwatermanage
ment,sitegrading,damandreservoirconstruction,wastefacilities,powerplantdevelopment,power
andnaturalgastransmissionprojects,oilandnaturalgasdrillingprojects,portfacilityexpansionpro
jects,somenavigationaldredgingprojects,somedockingfacilities,andsinglefamilydevelopmentssuch
asforhomes,boatramps,andartificialreefs.
4.2 Anticipateandmeasureselectedparameters(specifictoaspeciesorhabitat)todetecttheeffectsof
climatechangeonimperiledspecies.
Rationale
Climatechangeisrapidlydevelopingasadrivingforcethatcanexerttremendousinfluenceonindividu
alsandpopulations.Climatechangestressorscaninclude,butarenotlimitedto,predictedchangesin
rainfall(increaseinnorthernFloridaandincreaseordecreaseinthesouth),increaseintemperatures,
andsealevelrise.Inresponsetotheseandotherclimatechangestressors,manyplantandanimalspe
ciesareexpectedtoshifttheirranges,shifttheirseasonalactivities,orexperiencealteredabundances

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(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange2014).Researchiscurrentlyneededtoidentifyandmeas
uretheappropriateparameterstodetecttheeffectofclimatechangeonspeciesandtheirhabitats.For
example,measuringtheplantstructureofacoastalcommunity,particularlyfocusingonrecruitmentand
survivalshifts,couldassistwiththedetectionofsoilsalinitychangesduetomorefrequentinundation.
Inanefforttobetteradapttoimpactsfromclimatechangestressors,FWCiscurrentlydraftingtheFlor
ida Adaptation Guide, which will enable FWC and other natural resource management agencies and
groupstobetteraddressprojectedimpactsofclimatechangeonwildlifeandfishspeciesandtheirhab
itats.Theguidewillalsoprovideexampleadaptationstrategiesthatcanbeintegratedintovariouspro
gramsandplanningprocesses.
4.3 Trackwaterqualityandquantity(e.g.,minimumflowsandlevels,watertemperature,pH,turbidity,dis
solvedoxygen,andnutrients)inwatersimportanttoimperiledspecies.
Rationale
Manyimperiledspeciesrelyonwatersthatareinfluencedbyhumanactivities.Itisnecessarytodeter
minewhichwaterqualityandquantityparametersarecriticaltocertainspeciessothatthemostim
portantneedsaremetandtoallowprioritizationofmonitoringefforts.Monitoringkeywatershedsor
collaborating to have access to this type of information can help to ensure that water resources are
sufficienttosupportthosespecieswhilereducingthelikelihoodofconflictwithhumanuseofwater.
InformationaboutallwaterresourcemonitoringactivitiesinFloridacanbefoundintheFloridaWater
ResourceMonitoringCatalog(WaterCAT).WaterCATisasearchableonlinedatabasesponsoredbyDEP
andtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.UsingIntegratedAction9.5,FWCwillengagewithcoor
dinatingentitiesregardingwaterqualityandquantityconcernsforimperiledspecies.
4.4 Developmethodstomonitorcontaminantanddiseaseexposureforimperiledspeciestominimizeand
mitigateimpacts.
Rationale
Contaminants and diseases have long been implicated in the health of populations and ecosystems.
SomeoftheearliestworkidentifyingthenegativeeffectsofthepesticideDDTonorganismalhealthwas
conductedontheLakeApopkaalligator(Alligatormississippiensis)populationintheearly1980s.Since
then,anumberofstudieshaveexaminedboththeacuteandchroniceffectsoftoxinsonFloridasani
malsandplants.Similarly,diseasehasshapedspeciesdistributions,andthefieldofemergingpathogens
israpidlyevolving.
4.5
Identifyandmonitorimpactsofnonnativespeciesonfishandwildlifeandtheirhabitats.
Rationale
Floridahasalonghistoryofaccommodatingawiderangeofnonnative,invasivespecies.Manywere
transportedtoFloridaandreleasedintentionally(e.g.,Melaleucaquinquenervia)andotherswerere
leasedaccidentally(e.g.,Cubantreefrogs[Osteopilusseptentrionalis]).Theinfluenceofnonnativespe
ciesonFloridasindigenousplantandanimalspeciesisundisputed;entireecosystemsarechangingand
nativespeciesareunderincreasingpressures.Theinformationcollectedfromthisactioncouldbeused
toinformappropriatemanagementtechniquesandimplementIntegratedAction5.5.

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Habitat conservation and management

Conductandsupportterrestrialandaquatichabitatmanagementpracticesthatincreaseenhancementand
restorationtosupportselfsustainingpopulationsofdiverseandimperiledspecies.
ManyoftheSpeciesActionPlansidentifyhabitatrestorationandenhancementascriticaltotherecoveryof
imperiledspecies.Restorationisdefinednotonlyasreestablishmentofnativehabitatandecologicalfunctions
afterdisturbance,butalsoasenhancement(improvinghabitatfeatures)andrehabilitation(acceleratingnatu
ralrecoveryofhabitatafterdisturbance).Acrucialelementforhabitatrestorationandenhancementisawell
organizedframeworkforresearch,monitoring,andevaluation.Thisanalysisofinformationhelpstoidentify
themosteffectivetypesofrestoration,improvescosteffectiveness,andimprovesmodelsthatguidemanagers
astheydecideonfuturehabitatimprovementprojectsandmaintenanceafterrestoration.Thisframeworkis
alsovitaltoadaptivemanagement,whichcapitalizesonthelatestscienceandresearchtoinformmanagement
decisionsand,ultimately,improvetheeffectivenessofactionsonbehalfofimperiledspecies.
Integrated actions
5.1 Apply known species habitat requirements to identify areas where appropriate protection, manage
ment,and/orrestorationactionsareneeded.
Rationale
Focusingthelimitedresourcesavailabletowardpriorityconservationeffortsiscrucialtoeffectiveman
agementofimperiledspecies.Bydirectlytargetingimperiledspecieshabitatsthatsupportessentialbe
havioralpatterns(breeding,feeding,andsheltering),agencyandpartnerresourcescanbeusedmore
efficientlytoachievepopulationgoals.Examplesofmanagementeffortsthattargetspecific,knownim
periledspecieshabitatscanbefoundinexistingFWCandpartnereffortssuchastheCoastalWildlife
ConservationInitiative,FloridasCooperativeConservationBlueprint,FloridaBeachesHabitatConserva
tionPlan,andPeninsularFloridaLandscapeConservationCooperative.Theseeffortsfocusonhabitats
that support the essential behavioral patterns of imperiled species, including breeding, feeding, and
sheltering.
5.2 Implementlandandwatermanagementpracticesthatmaintainorimproveexistingorpotentialhabitat
structureandfunction,includingadaptationtobothdirectandindirecteffectsofclimatechange,throughcon
servation,restoration,and/orenhancement.
Rationale
Workingwithpartnerswhomanagelargeareasoflandtoconserveimperiledspecieshabitatisessential
toreachingandmaintainingpopulationgoals.TheFWCsroleistoproviderecommendationsandiden
tifyspecificpracticesthatwillbenefitspecieswhilehelpingagencypartnersachievetheirhabitatman
agementgoals.Partneringwithpublicandprivatelandownerstoimplementcompatiblelanduseprac
ticeswillenhancecapacitytowardachievingstablepopulationsand,insomecases,speciesrecovery.
ExamplesofprogramsthatpartnerwithlargelandownersincludetheLandownerAssistanceProgram,
State Wildlife Action Plan, and Florida Invasive Species Partnership and Cooperative Invasive Species
ManagementAreas.StateWildlifeGrantshavesupportedfirestriketeamsthathelppartnersincrease
theuseofprescribedfiretobenefitimperiledspecies.Examplesofotherongoingcoordinationinclude
FWCsparticipationindevelopingtheUSFWSNRCSfederalConsultationMatrix.

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5.3 Promote stable metapopulations by managing suitable habitat and reducing fragmentation through
aquaticandterrestrialhabitatrestorationandenhancement.
Rationale
Aquaticandterrestrialhabitatrestorationandenhancementhavelongbeendemonstratedtoimprove
andstabilizepopulationsofimperiledspecies.Restorationfocusedonhabitatsessentialtosurvivalof
thesespecies,anddirectedinSpeciesFocalAreas,willassistinsecuringpopulationsandprovidingnec
essary habitat connectivity throughout their ranges. Given potential climaterelated changes, habitat
restorationandlongtermmanagementshouldencouragenaturalcolonizationofunoccupiedhabitats
andincludeareasthatprovideconnectivityandlongtermstability.Oncerestorationiscompleted,ap
propriatelongtermmanagementisnecessary.Manyhabitatmanagementplansforpubliclands,such
as those for Florida aquatic preserves,wildlife management areas, water management district lands,
andmilitarybaselandsprovidespecific,targetedrestorationprojectsandgoalsthatsupportimperiled
species. Staff from FWC who reviewand comment on these types of plans will work to ensure that
imperiledspeciesareidentifiedandappropriateguidancetoachievespeciesconservationisprovided
tomanagers.
5.4 Restoreorenhancecoastal,riparian,andstreamsidehabitatstoimproveormaintainwatershedpro
cessesthatbenefitshorelinecharacteristicsandfunctionsimportanttofishandwildlife.
Rationale
Manyimperiledspeciesdependonintactcoastal,riparian,andstreamsidehabitattofacilitatemove
ment and support essential feeding and breeding behaviors. Restoration of these areas will increase
resiliencetosealevelrise,changesinprecipitation,andincreasingstormactivity.Thisactionrelatesto
ICS12,whichpromotestheadoptionofpracticestoprotectriparian,intertidal,andestuarinezones.
5.5 Implementhabitatmanagementtechniquesthatwillminimizeadverseimpactsofnonnativeanimalor
plantpopulationsonimperiledspecies.
5.6 Usetechniques,suchasintegratedpestmanagement,tominimizehabitatdegradationfrominvasive
plantspeciesthroughsuppressionandcontrol,andstrategicallycoordinatewithpartnerstomaximizeefficacy.
Rationale for Actions 5.5 and 5.6
Nonnativespecies,bothanimalandplant,canalterhabitatstothedetrimentofnativecommunitiesthat
supportimperiledspecies.Identifyingandusinghabitatmanagementtechniquesthatreducethead
verseeffectsofuncontrolledpopulationgrowthofnonnativespeciesisessentialtoimperiledspecies
conservationefforts.Anexampleofthiscanbefoundwithnonnativelionfish(Pteroisvolitans)inFlorida
waters.Lionfisharegeneralistpredatorsthatcandramaticallyreducethepopulationofnativereeffish
on coral reef systems. Some of the species that lionfish eat include juvenile marine herbivores (e.g.,
parrotfish[Scarusspp.])thatkeepalgaefromovergrowingandcompetingwithreefbuildingcorals.By
restoringcertainreefcoralcommunities,suchaselkhorn(Acroporapalmate)andstaghorn(A.cervicor
nis),coraldiversityisimproved,allowingreefbuildingcoralstobemoreresilienttotheadverseeffects
of lionfish predation. Examples of ongoing efforts to address nonnative species through habitat
management include FWC Invasive Plant Management and Florida Invasive Species Partnership and
CooperativeInvasiveSpeciesManagementAreas.

Protectsufficienthabitatlongtermtosupportimperiledspeciesrecovery.

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SpeciesActionPlansidentifytheneedtosecurehabitatcriticaltospeciesrecovery,eitherthroughfeesimple
acquisitions, lessthanfeesimple acquisitions, or conservation easements. They also recognize the need to
establishandprioritizeacquisitionsthatprovidethegreatestlongtermconservationforthespeciesidentified.
Landacquisitionaloneisnotlikelytoreducetheimmediatecriticalthreatstomanyimperiledspecies,butitis
beneficialtothelongtermsurvivalofspecies.
SpearheadedbyFWC,FloridasCooperativeConservationBlueprinthasbroughttogetherlandowners,busi
nesses,andgovernmentalandconservationorganizationstobuildconsensusonvoluntary,nonregulatorycon
servationincentivessuchaspaymentfortheecosystemsservicesprogram(withassistancefromtheGopher
TortoiseConservationProgramandLandownerAssistanceProgram).TheCCBadvanceselementsofFloridas
StateWildlifeActionPlanandbuildsontheCriticalLandsandWatersIdentificationProject,whichusesaGIS
toidentifyFloridascriticalenvironmentalresourcesinastatewidespatialdatabase.
Integrated actions
6.1 Coordinatewithlocal,state,andfederalagenciesandpartnerstoidentifyandprioritizehabitatconser
vationtargetscriticaltotherecoveryofimperiledspecies.
6.2 Useallavailablemethods(e.g.,conservationeasements,partnering,acquisition,protectedareadesig
nation)toensurelongtermhabitatprotectionforimperiledspeciesinpriorityareas.
6.3 Useexisting,anddevelopnew,conservationprogramstocreatelandscapelinkagesthatallowfishand
wildlifetomovebetweenandamongareasofsuitablehabitattoensureaccesstohabitat,geneticviability,
andshiftsinrange,especiallyastheserelatetoenvironmentalchange.
Rationale for Actions 6.16.3
Agencyspecificacquisitionprogramsaloneareinadequatetoreducetheimmediatecriticalthreatsto
manyimperiledspecies,butarecertainlybeneficialtothelongtermsurvivalformany,especiallythose
withrestrictedranges.Withfundinglimitationsatalllevelsofgovernment,apracticalwaytoachieve
thisstrategyisformultipleagenciestopoolresources.Tomaximizeconservationforimperiledspecies,
FWCwillworkwithotherstateandfederalpartnersthroughmethodsdescribedinIntegratedConser
vationStrategies8and9.ExamplesofthesetypesofinnovativelandacquisitionprogramsincludeNRCS
WetlandReserveProgramandUSFWSEvergladesHeadwaterNationalWildlifeRefuge.Assistancehas
beenprovidedbyFWCduringtherankingprocessfortheseprogramsandindevelopinghabitatman
agementplans.Asanalternativetoacquisition,thereisalsoaneedtodevelopanddisseminateclear
criteriaforthedesignationofCriticalWildlifeAreasonpubliclyandprivatelyownedlands.

Directhabitatmanagementtoreducethreatsinordertosustainimportantpopulationsofimperiledspecies.
ManySpeciesActionPlansidentifyhabitatmanagementactionsthatgobeyondrestorationorenhancement
to include the addition of structures, protection of sensitive habitats, and control of animal populations
throughmanagement.Forexample,spoilislandsasartificialhabitats,createdalongportionsofFloridascoast,
haveahistoryofprovidingnestinghabitatforwadingbirds.TheSpoilIslandWorkingGroup,createdbyDEPs
FloridaCoastalOffice,managesover130spoilislandsincludedintheIndianRiverLagoonmanagementplan.
Otherexamplesincludesupplementalstructuresfornestingplatforms,nestboxes,orotherappropriatestruc
turesthataidinsustaininglongtermviablepopulationsofspecificspecies.
Habitatprotectionthroughaccessmanagementcanincludeposting,closing,andestablishingseasonalbuffer

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zoneswithsignsand/orsymbolicfencingtopreventpeople,pets,andvehiclesfromdisturbingimperiledspe
cieswhilebreeding,foraging,andnesting.CriticalWildlifeAreasmaybedesignatedwheremoreintenseman
agement is needed for minimizing disturbance and protecting/enhancing habitats for seabirds, shorebirds,
and/orwadingbirds.CriticalWildlifeAreashavebeenestablishedtoprotectbats,gophertortoises(Gopherus
polyphemus),andbreedingseabirds,andmaybenecessarytoprotectotherimperiledspecies,wherecircum
stancesareappropriate.
Integrated actions
7.1 Enhanceorcontinueconservationandprotectionofhabitats(e.g.,feeding,breeding,orroostingsites)
knowntosupportessentialbehavioralpatternsforstateThreatenedspeciesbylimitingorpreventingspecies
disturbance.
7.2 Establish and/or manage artificial habitats (e.g., spoil islands, impoundments, or jetties) and supple
mentalstructures(e.g.,barges,mooringbuoys,orboxes)tosupportimperiledspeciespopulations.
7.3
Managehabitattocontrolpredatorsthatdirectlyimpactimperiledspeciespopulations.
7.4 Restore and enhance habitat to allow for population augmentation or reestablishment in historical
ranges.
7.5 Createacomprehensiveregionalframeworkforminimizinghabitatlossandpopulationimpactsonim
periledspecies.
Rationale for Actions 7.17.5
Humanactivitiescanalterbehaviorofimperiledspeciesandposedirectandindirectthreatstoindivid
ualsandlocalpopulations.Limitingdisturbancethroughmanagementdirectedatreducingoverlapbe
tweenhumanuseofhabitatsandusebyimperiledspecies,especiallyatcriticaltimes(e.g.,breeding
seasons),isessentialtosupportingimperiledspeciespopulations.Becausethreatstospeciescanvary
widelybyregion,creatingregionalframeworkstoaddressthreatstoaspecificareaorregionisadvan
tageous.ThisregionalapproachisdescribedinObjective4.Directedhabitatmanagementactivitiesthat
canaccomplishthisincludestrategicallyplacedplantingsandlowimpacttrailorroadplacementsthat
directhumanactivityawayfromimportanthabitats.Managementofartificialhabitatscanaugmentim
periledspecieshabitatsinareaswherenaturalhabitatshavebeenalteredandcannotberestored,such
asthosewithincompatibledevelopment,orinareasprovidingtravelormigrationcorridorsbetween
importanthabitats.Certainplantspeciesandterraincanbeeffectivelyplantedandlandscapedtoinhibit
competitorsandpredatorsofimperiledspeciesinareaswhereconflictsexist.WhenFWCisnotthelead
manageroftheidentifiedpubliclands,staffwillworkthoughtheprocessesdescribedinICS8andICS9
andthecorrespondingintegratedactions.
Incentives and influencing

Conserveandmanageimperiledspeciesandtheirhabitatsonpublicandprivatelandsbybalancingregulations,
voluntarystewardship,anduseofeconomicandregulatoryincentives.
ManySpeciesActionPlansidentifyhabitatlossasaprimarycauseofspeciesdecline,andaclearneedexiststo
retainorrestorevaluablepubliclyandprivatelyownedlandsinsomeformofconservation.Over70percentof

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Floridalandsareinprivateownership,andmanyofthoselandsprovideimportanthabitatforimperiledspe
cies.Thelongtermsurvivalofthesespeciesmayrelyonourabilitytoprovidefinancialandregulatoryincen
tivesthatallowpublicandprivatelandownerstorealizetheeconomicpotentialoftheirpropertyinawaythat
iscompatiblewithimperiledspeciesmanagement.
Integrated actions
8.1 Proactivelycoordinatewithstate,federal,andlocalregulatoryagencies,partners,andstakeholdersto
developnew,andenhanceexisting,conservationmeasuresthatwillprotectimperiledspeciesandminimize
negativeeffectsfromproposedactivities.
Rationale
Conservationmeasures(e.g.,habitatenhancementactions,bestmanagementpractices)thatcanbeim
plementedwithoutgoingthrougharegulatorypermittingprocessandimproveconservationofimper
iledspeciesareofgreatvalue,andtheirdevelopmentwillcontinuetobeafocus.Thesemeasuresfacil
itate FWCs role in commenting on proposed projects and coordinating with other state and federal
agenciestoincorporatetheseconservationmeasuresintotheirpermitrequirements.Proactivetechnical
assistanceprovidedtolandownersanddeveloperswillhelpensureproperimplementationofavoidance
andminimizationmeasures.Followingthisguidancewillreducethelikelihoodoftakeofindividualsdur
ingadevelopmentprojectandcouldsatisfytheincidentaltakepermitprocessforsomespecies.
8.2 Developnew,orenhanceexisting,economicincentiveprogramstoencourageimplementationofhabi
tat management practices consistent with habitat management guidelines for imperiled species (see Inte
gratedAction6.1andIntegratedAction9.1).
Rationale
Landownersanddevelopersmaybemorelikelytoparticipateinhabitatconservationprogramsifthere
arelongterm,sustainableeconomicincentivesformaintaininghabitat.OneexampleisthePaymentfor
EcosystemServicesmodelthatdocumentssomeoftheecosystemservicesprovidedbylandownersand
paystowardslongtermsustainabilityoflandusesthatsupportwildlifehabitat.
Inadditiontonewincentives,theeffectivenessofexistingprogramscouldbeenhancedbycoordinating
implementationandevaluatingthesuccessofcurrentinitiativestomeetlandscapeconservationgoals.
Forexample,existingvoluntaryprograms(suchasPartnersforFishandWildlifeofferedbyUSFWS)could
befocusedbyidentifyinghabitatmanagementneedsofspecificspeciesthroughexistingprogramslike
theCCB.
8.3 Developnew,andenhanceexisting,conservationtoolstoprovideregulatorycertaintyandencourage
managementpracticesconsistentwithhabitatmanagementguidelines(IntegratedAction9.1)forimperiled
species.
Rationale
Federaltoolsforconservationofspeciesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,habitatbasedagreements(e.g.,
HabitatConservationPlans,CandidateConservationAgreementswithAssurances,ConservationBanks).
Similartypesofagreementsforstatelistedspeciescouldbeusedtoremovedisincentivestoproactive
landmanagementpracticesthatcouldenhancehabitatforimperiledspecies.Theseagreementscould
alsoprovidecomprehensivecoverageforallspeciespotentiallyoccurringwithinaproposedsite.This
approachwouldbeparticularlyusefulwhensurveysmightproveinconclusive,suchaswithcryptic(i.e.,
difficult to detect) species. Habitatbased agreements would, in some cases, reduce or eliminate the

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need for costly surveys and verification of presence of individual species. Habitatbased agreements
couldprovidefordirectfinancialcontributiontotheperpetualconservationandmanagementofregion
allysignificant,ecologicallyconnectedconservationareas.

Promotetheconservationandmanagementofimperiledspeciesandtheirhabitatsonprivateandpubliclands
byprovidingtechnicalassistance,guidance,andrecommendationstolocal,state,andfederalgovernments;
planners;anddecisionmakers.
ManyoftheSpeciesActionPlansrecognizethelackofsuitablehabitatforimperiledspeciesonpublicconser
vationlands.Toaddressthethreatsfacingtheseimperiledspecies,aclearneedexiststopromoteandassist
partnersinhabitatconservationandmanagementefforts.Throughdevelopmentandimplementationofthe
ISMP, FWC has increasedand, as appropriate, will continue to increaseresources necessary to provide
moreconsultation,technicalassistance,andcommentingasitrelatestostatelistedspecies.Asbetterman
agementstrategiesareidentified,FWCwillinfluenceotherpublicandprivatelandownersthroughnewand
existingprogramsandtargetedoutreach.
Integrated actions
9.1 Coordinatewithinternalandexternalpartnerstodevelopspeciesspecifichabitatmanagementguide
linesformanagersofpublicandprivatelands.
9.2 Coordinateandinfluencetheimplementationofmanagementpracticesoutlinedinthemanagement
guidelinesthatwillpreserve,enhance,maintain,orrestoreaquaticandterrestrialhabitatonpublicandprivate
lands.
Rationale for Actions 9.1 and 9.2
Speciesspecifichabitatmanagementguidelineswillimprovemanagementbyidentifyingactivitiesthat
supportand/ormaintainhabitatfeaturesthatsupportessentialbehavioralpatterns.Theseguidelines
constitutetechnicalassistanceandwillbevaluableresourcestomanagersofpublicandprivatelands
thatbenefitimperiledspecies.Whiletechnicalassistanceandinformationregardingappropriateman
agementactivitiesmaybesufficientinsomecases,financialandregulatoryincentivesprovideameans
toinfluencethetypeandimplementationofmanagementpractices(e.g.,technique,timing,andloca
tion).AwidevarietyofFWCdivisionsandsectionswillparticipateindevelopingandimplementingthe
aboveactions.
Currently,thelargestsourceofincentivefundsforconservationonprivatelandsisthefederalFarmBill,
administered through the U.S. Department of Agricultures Natural Resource Conservation Service
(NRCS)andFarmServicesAgency.ParticipationinNRCSsStateTechnicalCommitteeprovidesanoppor
tunitytoguideimplementationofFarmBillconservationprograms(e.g.,throughprojectrankingcriteria
andpracticesofferedunderconservationprograms).Inaddition,FWCstaffprovidestechnicalassistance
andtrainingregardingspecieshabitatneedsandpriorityconservationpracticesforNRCSfieldstaffand
programparticipants.
CoordinationwithDEPandWMDstaffthroughtheEnvironmentalResourcePermitprocesscouldallow
foranevaluationofwetlandmitigationbanksthatwouldprovideameanstoprotectgopherfrogbreed
ingwetlands,freshwatermarshhabitatforsandhillcranes,andhabitatforotherwetlanddependent
imperiledspecies.Applicantsproposingwetlandmitigationbanksareresponsibleforconductingwildlife

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surveys for wetlanddependent species,providinganopportunity to obtain data regarding theabun

dance,distributions,andhabitatassociationsofimperiledspeciesontheseprivateproperties.Currently,
FWCisworkingwithDEPtocreateincentivesformitigationbankownerstoestablishandmanagehabitat
forwetlanddependentimperiledspecies.Othersimilarcoordinationopportunitiesexistwiththepro
gramsandagencieslistedinTable3.
9.3 Partnerwithprivateandpubliclandownerstoprioritizeimportanthabitatfeatures(breeding,feeding,
andshelteringsites)forimperiledspeciestoguidesiteconservationandmanagement.
Rationale
Limitedresourcescanbeeffectivelyappliedthroughprioritizingopportunitiestoprotecthabitatfea
turesimportanttoimperiledspecies.Wecanaccomplishthisbyprovidingcomprehensivehabitatman
agement technical assistance to private landowners and by sharing occurrence data, critical and im
portanthabitatinformation,andhabitatmanagementguidelinesforimperiledspeciesinconsultation
withpartnerlandmanagementagenciesandotherlandowners(seeIntegratedAction6.1).
9.4 Coordinatewithlocalgovernmentsoncomprehensiveplansandotherplanningeffortstoestablishpri
orityareasandprogramsintheirareaastheyrelatetoconservationofimperiledspeciesandtheirhabitats.
Rationale
Improvingcoordinationwithlocalgovernmentsthroughthecomprehensivegrowthmanagementplan
process will benefit imperiled species, especially when land development regulations are established
thataddressconservationofhabitatessentialtoimperiledspecies.
Examples might be to assess development fees that could be applied to longterm conservation and
managementoflandsthatcontainpotentialhabitatforimperiledspecies,ortodesignatelocalconser
vationlandsashabitatbanks(IntegratedAction8.3)anduserevenuesforrestorationandmanagement,
or to fund a payment for the ecosystem services program (Integrated Action 8.2). Areas preserved
throughlocalregulationsandordinancesonareasofregionalsignificancewillimproveconnectivity,and
theabilitytobettermanagehabitatforimperiledspecies.
9.5 Increaseparticipationindevelopmentofbasinmanagementactionplans,minimumflowsandlevels,
waterreservationplans,regionalwatersupplyplans,andregulatoryreviewsofwetlandandwaterresource
permitsinordertoavoid,minimize,ormitigatepotentialimpactstoaquaticimperiledspecieshabitat.
Rationale
Identificationandimplementationofconservationmeasuresthatreducewaterqualityimpactswithin
areasofknownoccurrencesofthesespecieswillimprovehabitatconditionsforaquaticimperiledspe
cies.Potentialthreatscanbeaddressedduringthedevelopmentofminimumflowsandlevels,water
supplyreservoirsorreservations,regionalwatersupplyplans,andregulatoryreviewofvariouspermits
throughcoordinationwithWMDs,DEP,andlocalgovernments.Byincreasingstaffinvolvement,sharing
imperiledspeciesoccurrencedata,settingconservationrequirements,andestablishingpriorityareasfor
ensuringwaterqualityandquantity,FWCwillseektoincreasetheeffectivenessofthisongoingeffort.
9.6 Encourage and influence landmanagement activities benefitting imperiled species andtheir habitats
throughreviewoflandmanagementplans(e.g.,IntegratedNaturalResourceManagementPlans[INRMPs],
NationalParkServiceGeneralManagementPlans,ConceptualManagementPlans,FloridaParkServiceUnit
ManagementPlans)onprivate,local,state,andfederallands(seeIntegratedAction9.3).

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Rationale
Continuingtoparticipateinreviewordevelopmentofapplicantslandmanagementplansensuresthe
incorporationofhabitatmanagementconsiderationsandprovidesopportunitiestoincludemeasures
thatbenefitimperiledspeciesaswellasgamespecies.AssistingwithreviewsofthePrivateLandsDeer
ManagementPermitProgrammanagementplans,forexample,providesdocumentationofhabitatman
agementandofpotentialbenefitstoassociatedimperiledspeciesonlargetracts(>5,000acres)ofpri
vatelyownedlands.
Law and policy

ImprovecollaborationbetweenFWCandotherstate,federal,andlocalpermittingandenforcementagencies
toaddressnegativeimpactstoimperiledspeciesandhabitatsthatsupportessentialbehavioralpatterns.
Insituationswhereimperiledspeciesortheirhabitatsmaybeimpactedbyhumanactivities,internalcoordi
nationwithinFWCandwithlocal,state,andfederalpermittingauthorities,willhelptodetermineifregulatory
actionisrequired,aswellastheappropriateactionsnecessarytoaddresstheimpacts.Consistentandefficient
implementationofregulatoryandlawenforcementactionswillimproveoutcomesforbothinternalandexter
nalcoordination.Planninginadvanceforresolutionoftheseconflictswillbenefitimperiledspeciesthatmay
beaffected.TheDivisionofLawEnforcementwillcoordinatewithbiologicalstaffonenforcementstrategiesto
helpprovideadequateprotectionfortherecoveryofspecies.
Integrated actions
10.1 Develop and implement improved protocols for coordination between FWC and other enforcement
agenciestoaddresscasesofnoncompliancewithregulationssothatappropriateactionsaretaken(e.g.,code
enforcement,enforcementofpermitconditions,BMPs)afteroutreacheffortstoreducenegativeimpactsto
imperiledspecieshavebeenmade.
10.2 Developorimproveprotocolsforcoordinationwithstate,federal,andlocalregulatoryagenciesthat
guideimplementationofappropriatenoncomplianceactions(e.g.,codeenforcement,enforcementofpermit
conditions,BMPs)afteroutreacheffortstoreducenegativeimpactstoimperiledspecieshavebeenmade.
Education and outreach

Incollaborationwithconservationpartners,educateandcommunicatewithkeytargetaudiencesaboutthe
valueofprescribedfireandrelatedhabitatmanagementforimperiledspecies.
Fireisoneofthemostimportantlandscapeshapingprocessesand,inFlorida,oneofourmostvaluablehabitat
managementtools.Alongwithnumerouspartnersandstakeholders,FWCpromotestheuseofprescribedfire
onpublicandprivatelands.Thisstrategywasidentifiedbecauseofthemanyimperiledspeciesthatliveinfire
dependent natural communities and the challenge of conducting prescribed burns in a controlled manner
within an urbanizing state. In order to address the threats facing many of our imperiled species, increased
publicandpartnersupportisneededfortheuseofprescribedfireandfirerelatedhabitatmanagementprac

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tices.Theintegratedactionsforthisstrategytargetkeyaudiencesincludinglocal,state,andfederallandman
agement partners; landuse planners; private landowners; and neighbors and visitors to publicly managed
lands.Actionsfocusonthecomplexadaptationsthatplantsandanimalsneedtokeepthemabundantand
healthy,onhowprescribedfirepreventscatastrophicdamagetohumanhomesandbusinesses,ontheim
portanceofprescribedfireandotherhabitatmanagementtechniquesinbufferingpubliclands,andonpre
servingtheabilityoflandmanagerstouseprescribedfire.
Integrated actions
11.1 Assessthecurrentlevelofsupportamongkeytargetaudiencesfortheuseofprescribedfireandrelated
habitatmanagementpractices.
Rationale
Baselineinformationaboutknowledge,values,attitudes,beliefs,andgeneralsupportforprescribedfire
amongkeyaudiencesisfundamentaltodesigningeffectiveoutreachandeducationprograms.
11.2 Promoteincorporationofprescribedfiremanagementandsmokebufferprotectionintolocallanduse
planning.
Rationale
Promotingprescribedfiremanagementandsmokebufferprotectionintocomprehensivelanduseplan
ningenhancesFWCsandpartneringagenciesabilitytoappropriatelymanagewildlifeandtheirhabi
tats. Staff from various FWC sections should promote the importance of prescribed burning and the
conceptofbufferingtheimpactsofprescribedfireandsmoketolocalgovernmentplanningstaffand
assistinthecomprehensiveplanningprocess.Thisworkshouldbetiedintoourinteractionwithlocal
partnersinrelationtocomprehensivegrowthmanagementplans(addressedinIntegratedAction9.4).
11.3 Atthestartofeachprescribedfireseasonuseavarietyofmediatocommunicatewiththepublicand
landownersaboutdefensiblespaceandfirecompatiblepractices.
Rationale
Thesupportofkeyaudiencesiscrucialtomaintainingtheabilitytouseprescribedfireasamanagement
tool.Itisparticularlyimportanttoreachneighboringlandownersandrecreationalusersofpubliclands
likeFWCmanagedwildlifemanagementareas(WMAs).ResearchbyMcCaffreyandOlsen(2012)shows
thatdirectcontactandfacetofacedemonstrationsarethemosttrustedmethodsofcommunication,
butthatmultiplesourcesofinformationareneededtoeffectivelycommunicatewithavarietyofgroups.
11.4 Partnerwithexistinggroupsandexpertstodevelopnewpartnershipstopromoteandadoptburning
practicesthatbenefitwildlifeonpublicandprivatelands.
Rationale
In order to increase awareness of the benefits of using prescribed fire, a clear connection should be
madetothepracticalbenefitsoffireforamanagerorlandowner.Itiscriticaltotiethebenefitsoffire
topublichealthandsafety.Staffwillworktoprovideclearexamplesandtestimonialsofhowmanagers
haveusedfiretomeettheiragricultural,silvicultural,watermanagement,andrecreationalgoalswhile
benefittingwildlife.
11.5 Developandtestmessagesaboutprescribedfireandrelatedhabitatmanagementpractices,andincor
poratethemintoeducationalmaterials.

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Rationale
Ratherthanduplicateeffortsforthisimportantissue,itisvitaltostudytheresearchandmaterialsthat
havealreadybeendevelopedtocommunicatewithkeytargetaudiences.Research(McCaffreyandOl
sen 2012) shows that state agencies, especially state forestry agencies, are among the most trusted
sourcesofinformationaboutprescribedburns.Mostoutreachliteratureavailablethroughfederal,state,
andcountysourceshaslimitedinformationaboutthebenefitoffiretoFloridawildlife.Byworkingclosely
withpartnerstoadaptexistingoutreachmaterialsandcreatenewonesdirectedatkeyaudiences,we
caneffectivelyaddresstheneedsofimperiledspecies.Testingwithtargetedaudienceshelpstorefine
messagesforthegreatesteffectiveness.
11.6 Communicatewithkeyagenciesandpartnerstoincreaseawarenessofresourcesrelatedtoprescribed
fireandassistinadaptingexistingresourcesanddevelopingnewmaterials.
Rationale
Akeystrategytoincreaseuseofprescribedfireistosupportotherpartnersandprovideappropriate
toolsforthemtomeettheirgoals.Somepartnersareunawareofavailableresourcesormaterials.Staff
fromFWCwillworkthroughregionalfirecouncilsandworkinggroupstocommunicateabouttheavail
abilityoffundingopportunities,grants,equipment,andsupportstaff.
11.7 Promoteandrecognizepartnersandmanagerswhodoanoutstandingjoboffiremanagementandother
managementtechniques.
Rationale
Inorderto increase the adoption ofwildlifefriendlyburning practices (e.g., growingseason, mosaic,

wetland)onpublicandprivatelands,staffwillworkthroughexistinggroupsandnewpartnershipsto
reinforceappropriatepractices.WhileFWCstaffmaynotbeexpertsinallaspectsoftechnicalassistance,
theycanpartnerwithrespectedauthoritiesthroughworkshopsandestablishedworkinggroups.Recog
nitionfrompeersinthisenvironmentcanserveasapositiveexampleforotherpartnersandprovide
expertisetoovercomespecificchallenges.

Communicatewithtargetaudiencesthatlive,work,andrecreateintransitionzoneswherewaterandland
connectaboutthevalueoftheseareasandwhattheycandotoconservethefishandwildlifethatliveinthese
habitats.
Whilethetransitionzonesbetweenlandandwaterarerelativelysmall,conservingthemhaspowerfulconser
vationimplications,especiallyinFlorida.Keyusersadoptionofconservationpracticesthatbenefitimperiled
speciescanminimizethethreatsfacingthesezones.Theintegratedactionsforthisstrategytargetlocalgov
ernments,stateandfederalagencies,privatelandowners,homeowners,waterwayusers,schools,andnature
centers.Theactionsfocusontheimportanceofmaintainingconnectionsbetweenaquaticanduplandhabitats
tofacilitatespeciesneedstomoveamonghabitatstofindfoodandmates,raiseyoung,andrespondtolong
termenvironmentalchanges.Theseactionsaredesignedtoimprovewaterqualityandquantitywhileproviding
peoplewithbenefitssuchasfloodprotection,buffersfromstorms,andcleanerdrinkingwater.
Integrated actions
12.1 Assessthecurrentlevelofawareness,valueandknowledgeofriparian,intertidalandestuarinezones
amongkeytargetaudiences.

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Rationale
Baseline information among key audiences regarding their knowledge, values, attitudes, and beliefs
abouttransitionzonesisfundamentaltodesigningeffectiveoutreachandeducationprogramsandeval
uatingtheireffectivenessinmeetingobjectives.Whilemuchresearchhasbeenconductedonthistopic,
indepthanalysisontheimplicationsforFloridaisneeded.StaffinFWCsAquaticHabitatConservation
andRestoration(AHCR)sectionhasalreadybegundevelopinganaquaticeducationandoutreachplan
toinvestigatethebestwaytoeducatekeytargetaudiencesaboutavarietyofissues,includingtransition
zonemanagement.Thisplanwillbenefitbothimperiledspeciesandotherwildlife.
12.2 Promote the benefits of incorporating development buffers and landuse impacts into local landuse
planningnearriparian,intertidal,andestuarinezones.
12.3 Promotetheuseofagencyandpartnertechnicalassistanceintheadoptionofwildlifefriendlypractices
intransitionzones.
12.4 Utilizeexistinginfrastructure,partnerships,andprogramstopromotetheadoptionofzonefriendly
managementpracticestokeyaudiencesinthetransitionzones.
Rationale for actions 12.212.4
Building on established programs and existing relationships is important to informing key audiences
aboutthebenefitsofappropriatemanagementintransitionzones.Inthecaseofprivatelandowners,
FWCsLandownerAssistanceProgramandgroupslikeUniversityofFloridasInstituteofFoodandAgri
culturalSciences(IFAS)Extensionorlocalgovernmentscouldbeaconduitfordistributinginformation
aboutappropriateyardmanagementpractices.StafffromFWCwoulddevelopnewarticles,presenta
tions,andeducationalmaterialsandadaptexistingonestocreateconsistentandeffectivemessaging
aroundthistopic.Thisnotonlyaddresseshomeownersneedsandconcerns,butcouldalsoapplyto
localgovernmentsinthedevelopmentprocess.
12.5 Coordinatewithwaterwaymanagersandlawenforcementtopromotesafeandappropriatepractices
forwaterwayusersinimportanttransitionzones.
Rationale
Disturbance by waterway users, such as boaters and anglers, can have significant impacts on critical
behaviorsofthemoresensitiveaquaticspecies.Usingspeciesbiologyandtargetedgeographicareas,
staffwilladaptexistingpublicationsandbuildonexistingprogramstoemphasizeappropriatepractices
andtips.Directmailersandmaterialsexplainingthepotentialimpactofthesepracticesmayalsoneed
tobedistributedtooutfitters,tackleshops,andboatinglocations.
12.6 Incorporateregionalfocusonriparian,intertidal,andestuarinezonesintolocalcitizenscience,steward
shipefforts,andcommunityorganizations/groups.
12.7 WorkwithDEP,WMDs,andothersasappropriatetoincorporatetheimportanceoftransitionzonesfor
imperiledspeciesintotheircurriculaandappropriateprintandelectronicmaterials.
12.8 Developeducationalmaterialsabouttheimportanceoftransitionzonestoimperiledspecies,targeted
forusebyzoos,naturecenters,andtourismorganizations.
Directinvolvementincommunityconservationprojectsservesasapowerfulwaytoincreaseawareness

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andappreciationamongFloridaresidentsandvisitorsofthevalueoftransitionzones.Itisalsoaneffec
tivemeansofachievinggreaterconservationimpacts.Incorporatingimperiledspeciesinformationinto
existingcurriculaisanefficientapproachtoincreasingthebreadthandimpactofoutreach.Partnersand
organizationswill work with regional staffto design volunteerandcitizen science projects relatedto
riparian,intertidal,andestuarinespeciesandhabitats.Staffwillalsoworktocreatematerialsfortourism
developmentcouncilsintargetedgeographicareastostresstheuniquenatureofthespeciesandhabi
tats.

Promotecoexistencewithimperiledspeciesandengagekeytargetaudiencesinconservationstewardship.
ThecitizensofFloridacanhavebothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonwildlifeandtheirhabitats.Thisstrategy
aimstoencourageandempowerpeopletomakeadifferencebyadoptingconservationstewardshippractices
relatedtoimperiledspecies.Theintegratedactionsforthisstrategytargetkeyaudiencesthatincludeboaters,
anglers, hunters, conservationminded groups and individuals, tourists, business owners, homeowners,
schools,privatelandowners,beachgoers,andmotorists.Theseproductswillprovidepracticalinformationthat
encouragesstewardshipbehaviors.Theactionsaredesignedtoengagethepublicinpracticesandbehaviors
thatwillbenefitthehealthandsafetyofbothpeopleandwildlife.Thesepracticescanrangefrompickingup
foodscrapsandgarbagethatmightattractnuisancewildlifetomonitoringimperiledspecies.TheSpeciesAc
tionPlansdescribemanyprojectswherecitizenscientistsarealreadycollectingdata,monitoringspecies,and
engaginginstewardshipbehaviors.
Integrated actions
13.1 Assessamongkeytargetaudiencesthecurrentlevelofawareness,knowledge,andattitudestoward
coexistencewithimperiledspecies.
Rationale
Baselineinformation amongkey audiences regarding knowledge, values, attitudes, andbeliefsabout

livingwithimperiledspeciesisfundamentaltodesigningeffectiveoutreachandeducationprograms.
Whilesomeresearchhasbeenconductedintonuisancewildlifeconcerns,manyimperiledspeciesare
rarelyseenbythepublic.Itisimportanttoknowhowthepublicsperceptionofmultiplewildlifespecies
impactstheirinteractionswithimperiledspecies.
13.2 Promoteawarenessandobservationofspeciesandtheirhabitatsthroughavarietyofmedia.
Rationale
Inorderforcitizensandvisitorstobecomemoreawareoftheirsurroundingsandwildlife,theyneed
resourcestoknowwheretheanimalsare,whattheyneedtosurvive,andwhatthreatenstheirsurvival.
Oncetheylearnhowtosafelyandethicallyobservespeciesandhowtorecordspecificinformation,they
canbegincontributingtothebodyofknowledgeaboutaspecies.Theadditionaldataprovidedbyciti
zenswillbeusedasaresourcetoimproveconservationeffortsandaddtoourknowledgeofthesespe
cies.StaffhasalreadydevelopedsightingandsurveydatabasesonMyFWC.comforover20species.The
gophertortoiseprogramhasdevelopedaFloridaGopherTortoiseSmartphoneApptoallowthepublic
toreportsightingsandrecordlocationdata.Byprovidingresourcesinavarietyoflocationsandwith
differenttypesofmedia,abroaderaudiencecanbereached.

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13.3 Promoteinvolvementincitizenscienceprojectsthatcollectdataon,oractivelyprotect,imperiledspe
ciesandtheirhabitats.
Rationale
Increasedstewardship,accountability,andinvolvementamongFloridacitizensandvisitorswillleadtoa
moreinformedpublic.Opportunitiesexisttoworkwithkeypartnerstoachievemonitoringandman
agementgoalsforthesespecies.Whendatagapsorneedsareidentified,citizenscientistscanusesci
entificallyvalidprotocolstocollectdataandassistwithmanagement.Regionalvolunteerprogramspro
videsomeinfrastructureforexpandinginternaloperationsandmanydifferentdivisionsandsectionsin
theagencyworktoengagevolunteersandcitizenscientistsoneverythingfromhabitatmanagementto
publicoutreachandspeciesmonitoring.IntegratedAction13.2andIntegratedAction13.3relatetoIn
tegratedAction2.4andIntegratedAction2.5.
13.4 Identifyresponsiblepracticesforcoexistingwithimperiledspecies.
13.5 Incorporateguidelinesforminimizingwildlifedisturbance.
13.6 Createawildlifewiseguideandcampaigntoencouragekeyaudiencestoincreasecitizenstewardship
andaccountability.
13.7 ExpandFWCsSchoolyardWildlifeProjectandSchoolyardEcosystemsprogramintargetedareas.
AnabundanceofresearchindicatesthatthemajorityofFloridianswanttotakeactiontobenefitwildlife;
however,theylackknowledgeofwhattodoandwantguidance.Theaboveactionsdescribetheneed
to provide information and describe responsible practices, while also encouraging citizens to get in
volved.Inordertominimizethreatstohumansafety,keyareasofconflictbetweenwildlifeandhumans
should beidentified andaddressed. Some examples might include guidancefor wildlife photography
practices,beachrecreationguidelines,andhomeownerguidelines.Informationaboutstateimperiled
speciescouldbeincorporatedintocanvassingeffortsforotherspeciesorpresentationsaboutbetter
knownspeciesthatoccupysimilarrangesandhabitats.
Whentargetedgroupsincreasetheirparticipationinconservationstewardship,citizenscience,and/or
volunteering,theycanincreasetheiropportunitiestopositivelyinteractwithwildlife.Citizensandvisi
torsshouldbeawareandknowledgeableaboutthebestwaystointeractwithdifferentspecies,partic
ularlyimperiledspecies.Inmanycases,beingwildlifewisemaymeanstayingfarawayfromwildlifeand
avoidingattractingwildlifewithfood.Criticalaspectsofthiseffortincludekeycommunityfiguresmod
elingbehaviors,rewardingparticipantsinpublicways,andencouragingreportingofinappropriatebe
havior.
13.8 Developeducationmaterialsandprogramsthatpromoteandassistprivatelandownerswhoconserve
habitatforimperiledspecies,buildingupontheexistingLandownerAssistanceProgram.
13.9 Developrecognitionprogramsforlandownerswhocontributetospeciesrecoverythroughappropriate
landmanagement.
Rationale for actions 13.8 and 13.9
WhiletheLandownerAssistanceProgramfocusesonlargerlandowners,manyspeciescanalsobenefit
fromtheactionsofownersofsmalleracreagetractsinappropriategeographicareas.SpeciesAction
Planteamsidentifiedaclearneedtousemultipletargetedtoolstoengagewithlandownersatallscales.

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Evenownersofsmallparcelscanhavealargefootprintwhentheychoosetomanagetheirbackyard
habitat.PlantingaRefugeforWildlifeandtheLivingWildlifeFriendlycurriculumareexamplesofmate
rialsthathavebeendevelopedbyFWCandcouldbeadaptedtomeettheneedsofimperiledspecies
andtargetaudiences.
Logistical support and infrastructure

Expandagencyandpartnerinfrastructureandcapacitytoefficientlyconserveimperiledspeciespopulations
andtheirhabitats.
ManySpeciesActionPlansrecognizethatamorerobustsupportframeworkisneededforrecommendedre
searchandmanagementactionstosuccessfullycontributetotheconservationofimperiledspecies.Thisinfra
structureneedstoprovideessential,universalsupport
functionsbasedonstandardizedandstreamlinedpro
tocolsandprocedures.Thesefunctionsincludesystems
Meeting the needs of all species
formanagingexternalfunding,people,andequipment,
included in the ISMP
aswellasdatamanagementsystems.
Resourcesserving these functionswill fill similar roles
formostspecies,sostandardapproacheswillmaximize
effective coordination across species. Standardization
of some support functions such as statistical support,
datamanagement,andGISevaluationamongpartners,
willalsoimprovecoordination.Insomecases,FWCwill
needtotaketheleadtopromotestandardizedsupport
functions.
Integrated Conservation Strategy

14 addresses conservation
actions identified in all of the 47
Species Action Plans written for
species included in the ISMP.
Integrated actions
14.1 Developandmaintainconsolidateddataandinformationmanagementsystemstofacilitateawareness
of,andaccessto,allexistingdatarelevanttoFloridasimperiledspeciesandtheirhabitats.
Rationale
Tomaximizeconservation,dataresultingfromallplannedresearchactionsmustbecommunicatedand
distributedtothosewhoneedit,includinglandmanagers,conservationplanners,andotherresearchers.
Inadditiontoprojectlevelresearchdata,adatabaseisneededfororganizing,housing,andanalyzing
themonitoringandhabitatmanagementdatarequiredtomaintainthecurrentbiologicalstatusofeach
species.ExamplesofexistingdatabaseswithinFWCaretheMarineResourcesGeographicInformation
System,TerrestrialResourcesGeographicInformationSystem,LandManagementInformationSystems,
WildlifeObs,andSamplingandMonitoringProtocoldatabase.
Datamanagementeffortsneedtoincludethesubstantialamountofdatarelevanttoimperiledspecies
thatisgeneratedbypartnersandstakeholdersbeyondFWC.Effortsareneededtofind,inventory,and
sharesuchinformation.Wheresharingdataisnotfeasible(e.g.,proprietarydata),effortsmaybelimited
toaninventorycataloguetorecordthenatureandlocationofavailabledata(e.g.,FloridasWaterCAT).

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14.2 Increaseandmaintaintheinformationtechnologycapacitynecessarytoeffectivelyandconsistentlycol
lectandmanagedataacrossFWCandwithpartnerorganizations(e.g.,IdahosFishandWildlifeInformation
System).
14.3 Identify, or develop, a framework for selecting appropriate research, monitoring, and management
strategies.
14.4 Increase capacity to provide appropriate and robust statistical support for research, monitoring, and
managementactivities.
Appropriatestatisticalsupportisessentialforrobuststudydesign.Datacollectionmethodsneedtobe
appropriateforandconsistentwithavailablestatisticalanalyses.Robuststatisticalanalysesallowfor
betterdecisionmaking,whichleadstobetterconservationrecommendations.
14.5 Increasecapacitytoinvolvepartnerorganizationsandvolunteers,includingyouth,inresearch,monitor
ing,andmanagementprojectsinitiatedacrossFWC.
14.6 Developasupportframeworktoleverage,pursue,andmanagesupplemental,externalfundingneces
sarytoimplementpriorityconservationactionsforimperiledspecies.
Rationale for actions 14.5 and 14.6
Appropriatesupportisessentialtosuccessfullypursueexternalfundingopportunitiestocarryoutac
tionsspecifiedforallimperiledspecies.Withincreasingnumbersoffundingawardsreceivedforimper
iledspecies,needsforsupportwillincrease.Assistanceisneededtobetteridentifypotentialfunding
sources(e.g.,SWG,ConserveWildlifeTag,NOAA).Supportalsoisneededforcontractandbudgetman
agementactivities,includingreviewsforbudgetdevelopmentandforamendments.

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ICS 1
Action
1.2
Action
1.3
Action
1.4
ICS 2
Action
2.1
Action
2.2
Action
2.3
Action
2.4
Action
2.5
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2
6
3
9
7
13
14
17
10
18
7
8
3
14
19
8
9
8
15
20
22
25
26
4
20
5
21
10
7
7
7
24
12
26
14
15
13
14
17
18
19
20
22
25
26
11
12
1
13
14 2 3
10
16 10 4
8
18
19
20
20
21 1 1
24 2 2
26
10
17 2 1
18 5 2
19
4
7
17
18
4
7
6 5
8
8
4
6
7 6
9
10
11
10
1
12
1
4
13
5
12
4
11
24
24
10
12
7
8
9
11
13
8
12
12
11
13
9
11
29
14
30
13
14
10
17
18 27 11
2
19 28 12 5
6
20 29 15
16
22
25
26
7
8
10
11
12
1
2
4
5
6
20
10
1
21 5
12
2
24 11
13
26
4
5
7
11
21 5 21
10
22 7 22
10
10
7
27
7
8
9
28
9
11
10
29
10
12
Worthington's marsh wren
White ibis
White-crowned pigeon
Wakulla seaside sparrow
Tricolored heron
Suwannee cooter
Striped mud turtle
Southern tesselated darter
Southeastern American kestrel
12
13
14 9
15
16
29
9
30
8
7
11
27
8
12
28
11
14
29
12
16
17
20
1
5 21
12 8
11 24
13
26
1
1
2
4
4
5 5 11 5 5
11 7 12 11 7
11
11
9
10
8 6 8 21 7
21 12
8
11
9 7 9 22 8
22 13
13
16
7
12 9
10
8
5
4
10
5
11
9
Snowy plover
Snowy egret
13
14
17
27 18
28 19
29 20
22
25
26
7 7 5 5
12 8 12 6
Short-tailed snake
Sherman's short-tailed shrew
Sherman's fox squirrel
Scott's seaside sparrow
Santa Fe cave crayfish
Sanibel Island rice rat
5 5 5
5
11 6 11
24
12
Saltmarsh topminnow
12
6
29
9
7 11 12
30
8
29
30
7
11 2
8
13 6
10
11
14 8
12
27
28
29
6
7
7
8
9
13
10
6
9
8
4
1 3 5 3 1
2 10 7 14 8
11
5
3
6 5
7
4 7 12 21 17
6
6
5
7 6
8
5 9 13 22 19
9
6
8
4
10
29
30
7 4
12
10 5 7
13
11 6
Roseate spoonbill
29
30
Rim rock crowned snake
Pine Barrens treefrog
Peninsula ribbon snake
Osprey (Monroe County)
Marian's marsh wren
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
1
2
2
6
8
1
2
6 1
6
7 8
8
9
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
5
12
9
4
11
Gopher frog
Georgia blind salamander
Florida tree snail
4
10
11
5
12
8
1
12
3 13
13
7
11
9
10
11
4
6
7
10
12
8
4 6
3
11
10
13
10
5 7
5
13
14
11
17
12
12
Florida sandhill crane
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
Florida Keys mole skink
Florida burrowing owl
Florida brown snake
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
Eastern chipmunk
Crystal darter
Bluenose shiner
Brown pelican
15
16
17
18
8 8
10 10
11 11
Reddish egret
12
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
Black Creek crayfish
Big Cypress fox squirrel
Barbour's map turtle
American oystercatcher
6
1 7
2 8
9
Red rat snake
Action
1.1
Alligator snapping turtle
Species
Integrated Conservation
xStrategy Number
Table 6. Integrated conservation strategies (ICSs) and integrated actions with corresponding Species Action Plan actions. Actions from the Species Action Plans for each species support and align with the integrated approach
24 18
21 7
22 8
10
9
12
*ActionsareapplicabletoalloftheSpeciesActionPlans
121
Action
3.2
3
4
4
2
2
1 1 10
5
4
4
2 2 17
4 10 1
4
12
12
5 5 18
7 12 2
7
16
16
12 12 25
14
34
34
26
15
21
Action
3.4
3
4
3 3
4 5
4 6
6 6
5 7
7 7
6 8
8
9
1
2
8
3
6
3
1
4
12 9
6
6 1 7
2 2
6 16
13 10
10
7 10 8
9 3
8 17
14 12
13
8 13 9
4
10
16
24
15
9
19
20
3
4
2
5
6
5
4
6
7
6
5
7
8
7
6
8
14
15
9
10
3
6 4
6
4 6
1
7 6
7
5 10
6
8 10
8
13
5
2
9 1 7
10 4 12
13
11
1
2
3
9
4
10
6 3 6
5
7 6 7
1 10
11
4
5 11
21
7 14
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
3
5
6
6
8
2
10
12 2 4
13 4 5 5
17 6 11
16
19
4
12
20
21
24
3
9
20
21
2
4
12
16
34
2
3
5
6 6
7 17 2
9 19
10
21
22
2
4
5
3
11
13
19
3
6
4
7
8
14 2
3 1 2
20 17 1
4 2 10
21 18
2
2
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
1 6 3 6
6
3 7
7
3 7 5 7
7
7 13
7 9 7 9
8
10
10
10
21
21
11
22
22
6
7
7
1
2
3
7
9
10
11
12
1
4
2
2
3
3
12
4
4
3 4 5 9
20
5
11
14 5 6 20
21
11
12
21
6
24
16
14
2
2
4
4
4
5
5 3
5
6
11 10
6
11
13
15
19
25
25
14
20 6
21
3
4
1
4
5
2
5
6
14
5 3
6 1 9
4
7
20
11 8
7 14 10
8
21
14
8
10
15
10
11
11
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
21
22
25
2
3
8
10
11
21
White ibis
Tricolored heron
Suwannee cooter
Striped mud turtle
Snowy plover
Snowy egret
Short-tailed snake
Saltmarsh topminnow
Roseate spoonbill
1
2
3 5
3
3
3
9 10 2 3
9
5
6
20 11 7 10
20
7
7
11
21 12
21
12
25
4
5
6
7 2
8
10
11
Reddish egret
Red rat snake
Marian's marsh wren
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
Gopher frog
Florida tree snail
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
7
8
9
11
12
17
1
5
1 1 5 3
6
5 4 2
17 4
2 2 13 9
9
14 5 10
18
3 3 21 14
16
Florida brown snake
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
7
8
16 3
17
18
1
1
8
2 2
16 11
26 4
17
27
18
1 1
2 2
2
1
10
Eastern chipmunk
3
4
4
12 1 1 10 2
5
1
20 2 2 17 8 2
10
2
21 12 12 18 13
12
24
14
15
Action
3.3
Crystal darter
Brown pelican
Bluenose shiner
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
Species
4
12
20 7
21
24
Action
3.1
ICS 3
xStrategy Number
2
3
3
2
4 10
4
9
9
3
5 11
8
20
20
6
11 12
9
21
21
8
16
2
4
5
11
16
2
3
2
5
4
10 6
5
11 7
11
12 9
13
10
19
21
22
2
4
5
11
13
19
2
2
2
4
1 3
6
12
2 8
8
16
21
34
2
3
5
11
2
14
2 3 9
1
20
10 5 10
21
11
4
8
9
11
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
21
22
25
25
4
4
5
5
1 14 6 3 14 6
8 20 7 11 20 7
9 21 8 12 21 8
10
10
11
11
122
ICS 4
Action
4.1
ICS 5
36
3
7
6
9
4
6 5
7
Action
5.2
6
4
39
1
6
5
2
39
10
Action
5.3
3
4
6
7
54
Action
5.4
3
4
6
7
54
2
3
2
3
10
16
15
15
2
5
23
7
8
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
3
2
1
1 1
2
2 2
3
35
2
3
3
4
4
1
2
3
2
3
4
1
2
2
6
3
39
13
3
4
6
7
54
2
4
5
6
7
8
11
1
4
2
7
9
35
35
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
2
2
13
13
1
2 3
3
3
4
36
3
10
11
11 10
35
13
36
1
1
2
2
3
3
7
1
2
2 4
5
5 6
6
7 7
11
12
1
2
6 4
1
3
39 7
2
13
8
2
4 3
5 4
1
3
6 6
14
4
7 7
8 54
11
White ibis
Tricolored heron
Suwannee cooter
Striped mud turtle
Snowy plover
Snowy egret
Short-tailed snake
6
7
8
2
4
5
6
6
8
7
8
11
5
13
14
23
26
14
1
2
3
2
4
5
6 3
7
8
11
9
14 10
6
26 11
12
1
1
1 2 1 2
2 5 2 5 8
3 7 3 7
12
12
Saltmarsh topminnow
Roseate spoonbill
Reddish egret
Red rat snake

5
6 14
7
7 26
10
10
11
10 36
1
4 2
6 5
7 7
12
Marian's marsh wren

14
6
7
5
15
47
13 21
48
22
23
4
8
9
17
6
4
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
1
2
13
16
14
23
26
6
7
2
3
4
47
48
3
8
1
2 20
3
16
Gopher frog
12
2
21
2
5
5
Florida tree snail
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
Florida brown snake
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
6
3
7
36
Eastern chipmunk
Crystal darter
Brown pelican
1 1
4
1
2 2
18
9 9
36 12 12
2
3
30 24
21
4
6 4
7
36
23
Action
5.1
Action
5.5
Action
5.6
Bluenose shiner
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
47
5
48
23
Action
4.4
Action
4.5
47
48
Action
4.2
Action
4.3
Species
xStrategy Number
14
14
26
35 10
3
14
14
4
26
7
8
15
35 10
16
18
1
2 1
5 2
7 3
12
1
2 1
5 2
7 3
12
2
3 3
13
21
24
26
2
4
5
6 2
7
8
11
2
4
5
4
6 2
7
7
8
11
123
ICS 8
ICS 7
ICS 6
Action
6.2
Action
8.3
1
2
3
4
50
2
3
4
50
38
38
Action
7.1
16
Action
6.3
Action
7.5
1
Action
8.1
9
28
16
17
29
49
Action
8.2
35
36
37
39
40
Action
7.4
20
3
8
9
2
3
8
3
8
9
9
28 5 5
29 12 13
49
5 5
5
6 6
35
36
37
39
40
23
23
2
18
17.
2
19
2
5
17
12
13
16
15 13 16
17
14
20
20
8
22
3
16
21
11
12
Action
7.2
5
5
2
5
Action
7.3
11
37
11
37
6
11
37
38
2
3
13
4
50
11
9
35
36
35
20
37
36
39
40
12
13
10
2
13
11
35
36
11
12
9
28
29
49
35
36
5 5
6 6
8
13
11
1
7
11
13
2
18
11
3
8
9
1
7
8
28
29
11
37
35
36
22
35
37
23
36
39
40
Tricolored heron
1
13
18
38 22
23
9
28
18
29
49
35
36
11
21
White ibis
Suwannee cooter
2
2
3
3
13
4
11
50
Striped mud turtle
Snowy plover
Snowy egret
Short-tailed snake
Saltmarsh topminnow
Roseate spoonbill
Reddish egret
Red rat snake
Marian's marsh wren
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
Gopher frog
Florida tree snail
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
Florida brown snake
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
Eastern chipmunk
Crystal darter
Brown pelican
Bluenose shiner
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
Action
6.1
Species
xStrategy Number
13
3
26
3
8
9
11
18
26
35
36
18
17
23
124
ICS 12
ICS 11
ICS 10
ICS 9
Action
9.1
Action
9.3
Action
9.4
Action
9.5
Action
9.6
Actions 2
12.1to 4
17
12.8
3
4
33
Action
9.2
2
4
16
17
3
34
34
Action
10.1
8
8
Action
10.2
1
4
10
1 6 6
10 4 4
Actions
11.1to
11.7
6
21
2
10
11
14
16
4
5
6
12
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
5
6
13
1
2
3
5
1
3
20
3
1
2
3
5
1
1
4
5
6
21
22
24
27
2
4
5
1
2
1
8 3
22
9 14
11
17
14
15
15
26
19
4
24
24
3
7
8
3
4
16
17
20
21
1
3
7
11
4
5
10
3
4 6
33
6
6
20 2
7
21
14
18
20
2
4
16
17
3
3
3
6
1
1
1
4
10 3
14
11 14
12
14
20
20
1
3 6 2
14 7 3
4
34
9
9
9
8
17
18
17
18
17
18
17
8
18
1
3
1
8
5
10
9
1
8
9
1
2
8
6
9
1
1
8
10
9
10
10
6
13
2
3 16
14 17
15
19
Snowy egret
Snowy plover
3
1
6
3
4
33
14
20
2
3
6
7
34
18
19
14
2
20
22
28
1
3
5 2
15
16
1
4
19
1
2
11
10
25
2
4 6 16
18 7 17
19
1
2
3
6
14
20
10
9
9
17
18
17
18
1
8
9
1
8
9
White ibis
Tricolored heron
Suwannee cooter
Striped mud turtle
Short-tailed snake
1
2
3
Saltmarsh topminnow
Reddish egret
Red rat snake
Roseate spoonbill
23
1
2
3
Marian's marsh wren
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
Gopher frog
Florida tree snail
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
Eastern chipmunk
1
20
2
21
11
Florida brown snake
1 3
1 1
2 4
5 5
11 33
Crystal darter
Brown pelican
Bluenose shiner
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
Species
xStrategy Number
1
2
3
1
14
20
26
10
3
6
6 16
7 17
125
ICS 13
3
9
19
21
Actions
27
13.1to 17
36
13.9
41
42
44
48
13
16
17
18
7
21
22
23
ICS 14
Actions
14.1to
14.6
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3
9
19
21
27
36
41
42
44
48
*
*
*
*
*
2
15
23 21
5 11
30 24
6 22
31 26
32
33
*
*
*
*
*
1
8 11 9
11 12 14
21
*
8
18
19
20
21
17
18
19
20
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
9 8
12 13
*
*
*
*
*
3
9
19
21
27
40
36
41
42
44
48
*
*
*
14 8
15 14
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
8
8
40
40
13
13
*
*
*
7
19 13
20 14
21
*
*
3
9
19
21
27
36
41
42
44
48
*
*
*
7
8
26
*
*
*
15
18
40
19
20
*
*
*
White ibis
Tricolored heron
Suwannee cooter
Striped mud turtle
Snowy plover
Snowy egret
Short-tailed snake
Saltmarsh topminnow
Roseate spoonbill
Reddish egret
Red rat snake
Marian's marsh wren
Mangrove rivulus
Limpkin
Little blue heron
Least tern
Lake Eustis pupfish
Key silverside
Key ringneck snake
Homosassa shrew
Harlequin darter
Gopher frog
Florida tree snail
Florida pine snake
Florida mouse
Florida brown snake
Florida bog frog
Everglades mink
Eastern chipmunk
Crystal darter
Brown pelican
Bluenose shiner
Blackmouth shiner
Black skimmer
Species
xStrategy Number
22
23 40
24
*ActionsareapplicabletoalloftheSpeciesActionPlans
126
Implementation
ImplementationofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanoverthenext10years,from2016to2026,
willbecomplexandmultilayered.SomeactionsmayrequirechangesinFWCspoliciesororganization.Some
requirereviewofongoingactivitiesandrefocusingofFWCseffortstoconserveimperiledspecies.Allnecessi
tateinternalandexternalcommunicationandcollaboration.TosuccessfullyachievetheISMPsgoalandob
jectives,implementationrequiresactiveengagementwithandparticipationbypartnersandstakeholders.
Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan goal:

With broad public and partner support, conserve or improve the status of imperiled
species to effectively reduce the risk of extinction.
Objective 1
Objective 2
Objective 3
Objective 4
Objective 5
Objective 6
By2025,
By2016,
By2017,focusat By2018,develop
By2017,conduct By2020,
implementa
completea
least10percent
asystemto
complete15
necessary
monitoringplan
regional
ofagency
accountfor
percentofdata
researchand
forallspecies
assessmentfor
resourceson
protectionsand
gapactions
reevaluate the
includedin
theFWC
supporting
conservation
identifiedin
fivespecies
Floridas
Northwestregion implementation
gainsforspecies
SpeciesAction
designatedas
ImperiledSpecies
andby2020for
ofFloridas
includedin
Plansandby
SpeciesofSpecial
eachoftheother ImperiledSpecies Floridas
2025,30percent. Management
Concern.
Planwithan
FWCregions.
Management
ImperiledSpecies
existingsurvey
PlanandSpecies
Management
protocol.
ActionPlans.
Planthroughout
therangeofFWC
engagementwith
partnersand
stakeholders.
Figure 4. Goal and objectives of Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan.
FloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissionstaffpreparedtheISMPwithsignificantsupportandinput
frompartnersandstakeholders,anditservesasaroadmaptoguideusonourjourneytowardimprovingthe
statusofFloridasimperiledspecies.Toensurethatthedesiredfutureconditionisreached,FWCiscommitted
toleadingtheway.StaffacrosstheagencywaschallengedandempoweredtosupporttheISMPsimplemen
tation.AlthougheachdivisionandofficeofFWCisinvolved,theDivisionofHabitatandSpeciesConservation
(HSC)willtakeprimaryresponsibilityforimplementationandprogressmonitoring,relyingheavilyontheFish
andWildlifeResearchInstituteforresearchneededtofilldatagapsandsupportmanagementdecisions.
WhileFWCwilltaketheleadindevelopingproductsandsupportingimplementationofactionsidentifiedin
theSpeciesActionPlansandintegratedconservationstrategies,theagencywillstillrelyheavilyonotherstate
andfederalagencies,ourkeypartners,andengagedstakeholderstoprovidethenecessaryinput,support,and
resourcestosuccessfullyimplementthisplan.

127
127
IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation approach
ReflectedwithinthischapteraretheprioritiesthatFWChasidentifiedforthis10yearplanperiod,aswellas
theprocessandresourcesneededforimplementation.Theobjectivesoutlinedbelowareimportantfirststeps
towardachievingFWCsoverallgoal,andarebasedonexistingfundingandstaffresources.Theyareafocus
fortheagency,butarenotexpectedtobetheonlyworkcompletedforFloridasimperiledspecies.Partners
andstakeholdersareanticipatedtoparticipateandprovideadditionalachievementsidentifiedwithinSpecies
ActionPlansorintegratedconservationstrategiesthatmaybeoutsidethescopeoftheseobjectives.
BecauseofthecomplexityofimplementingtheISMP,thisplanprovidesdirectionandsideboardswithoutde
tailinghowtheprocessisexpectedto,orwill,proceed.TheLawandPolicychapterexplainstheframeworkfor
protectingimperiledspecies,whiletheSpeciesActionPlansandintegratedconservationstrategiesidentify
conservationactionsthatwillbenefitsinglespeciesorsuitesofspecies,orwillaidinprogramimplementation.
IncludedwithintheSpeciesActionPlansandtheintegratedconservationstrategiesaresuggestionsforhow
implementingaconservationactioncouldproceed.Successfulimplementationworksacrosslawandpolicy,
SpeciesActionPlans,andintegratedconservationstrategiesandleadsustoachievingtheoutlinedobjectives,
goal,andultimatelythedesiredfuturecondition.Essentialtothisprocessisobtainingandintegratingfeedback
andresultssothatadaptationsandimprovementscanbemade.Directedoutreachbyagencystafftosolicit
inputanddatabothinternallyandexternallywillbeongoingandincorporatedintoannualprogressreviews.
Regularly seeking feedback and results will allow for faster adjustments that may be needed to adapt and
improveimplementation.
RealizingthegoaloftheISMPwilltakemanyyears,inpartbecauseofthemagnitudeofthechallengesfacing
statelistedspecies,andinpartduetothebiologyandconservationneedsofsomespecies.Progresstowards
thisgoalwillbeincremental,withstrategicandpracticaluseofstaffresourcesandpartnersupportfocusing
onprioritizedobjectives.
Measurable objectives
Conservation objectives set priorities and provide benchmarks to measure progress towards achieving the
ISMPgoal.ObjectiveswillbemetthroughimplementingactionsdescribedintheSpeciesActionPlansandthe
integratedconservationstrategies.Prioritiesareidentifiedtoimprovespeciesknowledge,cooperationacross
theagencyinimplementation,andtheabilitytoimplementatregionalandstatewidescales.Prioritiessetat
thispointwillbereviewedandrevisedastheyareaccomplished.TheISMPproposesthefollowingobjectives,
whichwillbemonitoredthroughoutthe10yearimplementationperiod.
Objective 1: By 2017, conduct necessary research and reevaluate the five species designated as
Species of Special Concern.
During the Biological Status Reviews in 2010, five species (eastern chipmunk, harlequin darter, Homosassa
shrew,ospreyofMonroeCounty,andShermansfoxsquirrel)wereidentifiedasdatadeficientorpeerreview
ersexpressedconcernthatthequalityofthedatawasnotadequateforassessment.Researchconductedon
theeasternchipmunkduringdevelopmentoftheISMPhasprovidedenoughdataforanupdatedBSR,resulting
inthisspeciesbeingdelisted.Fortheremainingspecies,thedecisionwasmadetomaintainthemasSpeciesof
SpecialConcernuntilmoredatacouldbecollectedorthequalityofavailabledataisverified,withacommit
menttoreevaluatethematafuturedate.SpeciesActionPlansweredevelopedforthesespecies,withthegoal
beingtodeterminetheirconservationstatus.Table7outlinespriorityactionsnecessarytodeterminethesta
tusforSpeciesofSpecialConcern.

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IMPLEMENTATION
Additionally, data published in 2014 (Thomas et al. 2014) indicates that three species of alligator snapping
turtlesoccurinFlorida,notonespecies,aspreviouslythought.Therefore,staffrecommendedmaintainingthe
alligatorsnappingturtleasaSpeciesofSpecialConcernuntilaBiologicalReviewGroupcanbereconvenedto
evaluatethisnewinformation,prepareBiologicalStatusReviews,andrecommendlistingstatusesforallthree
species.Becausethealligatorsnappingturtleisnotconsideredadatadeficientspecies,itisnotincludedin
Table7.
Since2010,FWChasinitiatedprojectstocollectdatanecessaryforanupdatedBiologicalStatusReviewofthe
datadeficientSpeciesofSpecialConcern.
1. AlthoughtheharlequindarterSAPidentifiesatargetof2020tocompleteastatusreview,ongoing
projectsarealreadycollectingdata,andareviewisanticipatedpriorto2020.
2. TheHomosassashrewSAPalsoidentifies2020asthetargeteddateforastatusreview,butprojects
areunderwaycollectingdata,andacompletedreviewisanticipatedpriorto2020.
3. FortheospreyofMonroeCounty,datacollectionisalmostcomplete,andanupdatedreviewisan
ticipatedbytheendof2016.
4. TheShermansfoxsquirrelSAPidentifiesafiveyearperiodafterplancompletionfordatacollection.
However,ongoingresearchisassessingthetaxonomicvalidityofthesubspecies,developingsurvey
protocols,andundertakingimprovedhabitatanalysestobetterdelineatetheextentofoccurrence
andareaofoccupancy.

129
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IMPLEMENTATION
Table 7. Priority actions to determine the status of data-deficient Species of Special Concern by 2017.
Species
Biological Status Review

Summary
Species Action Plan

Objective(s)
Species Action Plan

Action(s)
Harlequindarter
TheBiologicalReviewGroup
1,2,514:
Takeappropriateac onstocollect
determinedthatdatawere
Comple ngtheseac onswill
insucienttoevaluatethedarter. validpopula ondemographic
developasamplingprotocolto
Thees matedgeographicrange informa ontofacilitatea
determinedetectability,iden fy
wassmallenoughtotriggerlis ng; thoroughstatusreviewby2020
extentofoccurrenceandareaof
however,noaddi onaldatawere anduseexis ngknowledgeto
occupancy,andes mate
availabletodeterminedeclinesor maintainhabitatandpopula on
popula onsize.Desiredresultis
levels,andtominimizeimpactsto
fluctua ons.Someevidence
enoughdatatocomparewithpast
popula onsun lproposedac ons
indicatedthatcapturesand
surveysandbaselineforany
possiblyrangehadincreasedin
arecompleted.
futuresurveys.
recentyears.
TheBSRgroupdeterminedthat
38:
theHomosassashrewdidnot
Takeappropriateac onstocollect Comple ngtheseac onswill
meetthecriteriaforlis ng.
However,duringpeerreview,the informa onnecessarytoallowfor developasamplingprotocol,
lackofcurrentdatawasiden fied athoroughstatusreviewby2020, ini atesurveystodetermine
anduseexis ngknowledgeto
extentofoccurrenceandhabitat
aslimi ngthevalidityofthe
Homosassashrew
maintainhabitatandpopula on characteris csformodelingarea
assessment.Reviewreliedona
morphometricanalysisofmuseum levelsandminimizeimpactswhile ofoccupancy,andprovide
collec ngdataforthestatus
samplesforgene canalysisto
specimensthatincreasedthe
review.
delineaterangeofSorex shrewsin
rangeofthesubspecies.No
surveysormonitoringhadbeen
Florida.
conducted.
TheospreyislistedinMonroe
Countyonly,andtheBSRgroup
determinedthatthispopula on
metcriteriaforlis ngbasedon
declinesinthepopula oninthe
FloridaBayandlowerEverglades
OspreyofMonroe
areas.However,duringthepeer
County
reviewperiod,reviewerswere
concernedthatnoinforma on
wasavailableaboutthegene c
statusofthispopula on,since
ospreypopula onsinotherparts
ofthestatehaveincreased.
Sherman'sfox
squirrel
TheBSRgroupdeterminedthat
Shermansfoxsquirreldidnot
meetanylis ngcriteria;however,
theyexpressedconcernthatthe
datausedinthereviewwas
inadequate.Ofpar cularconcern
wasthatthehabitatinforma on
usedtodeveloppoten alhabitat
modelsandoccupancyhadnot
beengroundtruthedandmay
haveoveres matedtheareaof
use.
Determinethetaxonomic
rela onshipofthenonmigratory
ospreypopula oninMonroe
Countytomigratoryospreyfrom
peninsularFlorida.
4:
Comple ngthisac onwill
determinetheMonroeCounty
(southerncoastal)osprey
popula onstaxonomythrough
gene csampling.
Determinethelevelofgene c
varia onbetweenthedierent
subspeciesoffoxsquirrels(Sciurus
niger shermani, S. n. niger, S. n.
avicennia, S. n. bachmani)
poten allyoccurringinFlorida
withinfiveyearsofplan
implementa on.
Determinetheextentof
occurrenceandareaofoccupancy
withinfiveyearsofplan
implementa on.
49,14:
Comple ngtheseac onswill
provideinforma onforgene c
analysisofthefoxsquirrelsof
Florida,andgatherthe
informa onneededtodetermine
theextentofoccurrenceandarea
ofoccupancy.
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IMPLEMENTATION
Objective 2: By 2020, complete 15 percent of data gap actions identified in Species Action Plans
and by 2025, 30 percent.
TheBiologicalStatusReviewsconductedin2010forallstatelistedspeciesclearlypointoutthatdataonstatus,
trend, and basic habitat requirements for many species are missing or incomplete. During development of
SpeciesActionPlans,authorsidentifiedprioritizedactionstofilldatagapsaswellasotheractionsnecessary
toachievetheSAPgoal.IntegratedConservationStrategy1organizesmorethan350individualactionsfrom
theSAPsintoasinglestrategytofilldatagaps.Thisstrategyfocusesonthreeareas:acquiringgeneticinfor
mation,acquiringlifehistoryanddemographicinformation,andidentifyingoptimalhabitatrequirements.Alt
houghtheICSsgroupactionsbasedonsimilarityofdatacollected,inmanycasestheactionswillneedtobe
undertakenatthespecieslevel.
Addressingthisstrategyisapriorityforthenext10years;however,thevarietyandbreadthofspeciesspecific
actionswillrequireadditionalprioritization.Taxaspecificconservationcoordinatorshavebegunthistaskby
organizingtaxateamswithstafffromresearch,landmanagement,andimperiledspeciesprogramstode
velopaclearmethodtoidentifypriorities.Forexample,theavianteamhasidentifiedthreatlevel,need,and
feasibilityaspotentialcriteriafordeterminingpriorityprojects.
Othercriteriatoaddressdatagapsmayalsobeincorporatedintoaprioritizationschemeforspeciesandac
tionsthatwereidentifiedinICS1(fillingdatagaps).AsignificantintentionoftheISMPistoimprovestatusand
reducethreatsthroughsuccessfulconservationandpossiblyreducetheneedforstateorfederalprotection;
therefore,speciespetitionedforfederallistingcouldbeaffordedahigherpriorityforaddressingdatagaps.
Biologicalscoresindicatelevelofendangermentandcanhelpassessriskwhensettingpriorities,whileaction
scoresprovideinsightintotheknowledgelevelforaspeciesandforresearchormonitoringefforts(Millsapet
al.1990,FWC2012).Biologicalscoresalonearenotanadequatemeasureofthreat.Somescoreshavenot
beenupdatedrecently,andscoresarenotcompleteforinvertebratespecies,possiblymakingexpertopinion
oftaxateamsamoreappropriatemeasureofthreatforsomespecies.Taxateamsmayalsowishtouserank
ingsprovidedbyFloridaNaturalAreasInventoryusingtheNatureServesystem.Cutoffssuchasabiological
scoregreaterthan30,indicatingsignificantrisk(Millsapetal.1990),oranFNAIrankingofS1(criticallyimper
iled)(Hipesetal.2000),canfurtherrefinepriorityspecies.Insomecases,toassurethatspeciesbeingremoved
fromthestatelistwillnotneedtoberelisted,datagapsmayneedtobeconsidered.Table8showsanexample
of the results from a prioritization process using petitioned status, threat ranking, and those species being
removedfromthelistthatarealsopetitionedspecies.Thisexampleprovidesatimelineforcompleting105
datagaprelatedSAPactionsoverthe10yearperiod,whichrepresents30percentofdatagapsfilledby2025.
Astaxateamscompleteindividualprioritizationprocesses,theywillworkacrosstaxatosetprioritiesandde
velopatimetablesimilartothatshowninTable8.Thistimetableofactionswillbereviewedannuallyforpro
gress,andtoadjustschedulingandincorporateanychangesinprioritystatusduetoaccomplishments,im
provedconservation,oremergingissues.
Someexistingfundingopportunitiescanbeusedtofilldatagaps.Datagapswereidentifiedasachallengein
FloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan(FWC2012),andfillingthembecameafiveyeargoalforthatplan,with
StateWildlifeGrantsfundsdedicatedtodatagapspeciesannuallyfrom2012through2017.Thesefundshave
beensignificantinallowingearlyworkontheSpeciesofSpecialConcernidentifiedinObjective1.In2012,the
statelegislatureapprovedaLegislativeBudgetRequestthatauthorizedrecurringfundstoFWCforthreatened
andnongamespeciesmanagement.Thesefunds,referredtoasThreatenedandNongameSpeciesManage
ment (TNSM) funds, have been used to hire additional research staff within FWRI to address the datagap
needs of statelisted species, contract with universities to conduct needed research, and fund survey costs
acrossFWCdivisions.AlongwithfederalpartnersandtheGeorgiaDepartmentofNaturalResources,FWCis

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IMPLEMENTATION
alsoconductingCoordinatedStatusAssessments(CSAs),fundedbyUSFWS.TheCSAspeciesarethosethatare
petitionedforlistingandspanmultiplestates.OngoingprojectslistedinTable8havebeenfundedthrough
SWG,TNSM,andCSAprograms.Since2012,anaverageof10projectsperyearhavebeenfundedbySWGand
TNSM,withanaveragedurationofthreeyearseach.Manyoftheseprojectsaddressmultipledatagapactions,
andatthisrateoffunding,completing105datagapactions(30%)seemstobeareasonableobjectiveforthe
next10years.
Progressonallprojectstargetingthreatenedandendangeredspeciesisreportedannuallytothestatelegisla
tureinFWCsEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesManagementandConservationPlan.Evenwithdedicated
fundingstreams,theworkloadassociatedwithfillingdatagapsforsomanyspeciesrequirespartnersupport
andparticipation.Asdatagapsarefilledandactionsarecompleted,additionalatriskspeciesmaybesuggested
bystafforpartnersinanefforttoidentifythreatsandmanagementneeds,proactivelyaddressconservation
challenges,andreducethelikelihoodofstateorfederalprotectionforthesespecies.

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IMPLEMENTATION
Table 8. Datagap priorities. Addressing datagaps for Species of Special Concern (SSC) is the highest priority; these gaps are outlined in Objective 1.
Listing
status

Species
Threatened
SSC
Priority*
Action 1.1
Action 1.2
Action 1.3
Ongoing
2016
2017
2018
2019
1,2
8,9
7,8
1,2
5,11
Barbour'smapturtle
BlackCreekcrayfish
Blackmouthshiner
S1
8,10,11
Crystaldarter
S1
15,16,17,18
2,10
2,5
P,32.7
Floridapinesnake
6,9
4,5,8
10,12
10
Keyringnecksnake
30,P
Littleblueheron
31.3
29,30
Reddishegret
31.9
29,30
27,28,29
5,11
6
X
X
X
X
Saltmarshtopminnow
10
1,2
SantaFecavecrayfish
S1,P
6,8
10
3,10
P,32
2,6,8
1,8
Shorttailedsnake
P,30
5,
4,5
20,21,24,26
13,14,17,18,19,
20,22,25,26
Southeasterntesselated
darter
S1
6,7,8
Alligatorsnappingturtle
12
3,8
P,DL
9,10,11
5,12
30.6,P,DL
P,34
11
Peninsularibbonsnake
Stripedmudturtle
2023
2024
2025
8
7,9,10
2022
5,6
Snowyplover
2021
2020
Rimrockcrownedsnake
Gopherfrog
Delisted
Schedule for Implementation
1,2
X
X
* Pindicatesaspeciespetitionedforfederallisting;numberdenotestheMillsaprankingof30orabove;andS1istheFNAIrankingforfishorinvertebrates;DLindicatesdelisted.
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IMPLEMENTATION
Objective 3: By 2025, implement a monitoring plan for all species included in Floridas Imperiled
Species Management Plan with an existing survey protocol.
Speciesmonitoring,acriticalcomponentofwildlifeconservation,providesinformationonspeciesstatusand
responsetomanagement,andisthebasisforadaptivemanagementinconservation.Surveyingandmonitoring
needsareidentifiedformoststatelistedspeciesandincludetheneedtodevelopnewprotocols,refineexisting
protocolstobetterfilldatagapsorgatherinformationforstatusreviews,andimplementprotocolsonawider
basisorinamorerigorousmanner.TheSAPsurveyandmonitoringactionsaresummarizedinICS2.
Challengestoeffectivemonitoringcanbeformidable.Crypticspeciesaredifficulttodetect,andtestingsurvey
methodsanddeterminingdetectionprobabilitieswillberequiredinordertohaverigorousmonitoringproto
colsforcollectingstatisticallyvaliddata.Forsomespecies,informationneedswillalsodeterminethelevelof
monitoringnecessary.Forexample,someSAPscallforpresenceandabsencesurveystodetermineoccupied
habitat,repeatedsurveystodetermineabundance,orsurveystodetectoffspringordevelopestimatesofre
productiverates.Ineachcase,thetypeandintensityofmonitoringcanvarygreatly.Effectivemonitoringcan
onlyresultfromacoordinated,cooperativeeffortbetweenFWC,partners,andthepublic.
Thefirstpriorityistodevelopthemonitoringprogram,orroadmap.ThiswillbedonecooperativelybyFWC
staffandspeciesexpertsoutsidetheagency,asappropriate.Itisimportanttonotethatnotallspecieswillbe
monitored:manymaynothaveaprotocoldeveloped,statusmaynotrequiremonitoring,ordatagainedfrom
monitoringmaynotprovidetangibleimprovementsinconservation.
Themonitoringprogramwillalsoneedtoconsiderthefollowing.
Speciesspecificmonitoringneeds.TheSAPsidentifyindividualspeciesneedsformonitoring,buttyp
icallyleavethedetails(frequency,extent)tobedevelopedlaterbystatisticiansandspeciesexperts.
The first step in developing a roadmap is to review the SAPs and convene small groups of species
expertsalongwithstatisticianstoassesslevelofmonitoringeffortneeded.
Feasibilityandimportance.Notallspeciescanbeeffectivelymonitored.Insomeinstancesmonitoring
mayincreasedisturbanceormortalitybeyondacceptablelevels,ordetectionratesmaybedifficultto
determine,leavingthedatainquestion.Asspeciesexpertsconsiderlevelofeffort,theywillalsoneed
toassessfeasibilityandimportanceofincludingaspecieswithinamonitoringplan.
Protocoldevelopment.Acomponentoffeasibilityispresenceofexistingprotocolsforsurveying.Many
speciesdonothaveexistingprotocolsand,ifdevelopmentisfeasible,theprotocolsmaytakeseveral
yearsoftestingpriortoimplementation.Inaddition,surveyprotocolsmaynotberealisticforcryptic
species;therefore,developing,testing,andrefiningprotocolsisexpectedtooccur.
Speciesorhabitatmonitoringtargets.Insomecases,monitoringasinglespeciesmayservefordata
onsuitesofspecies;andmonitoringspecifichabitatcomponentsmaybemoreefficientinassessing
habitattargetsthanmoregeneralmonitoring(e.g.,ifdownedtreesandstumpsareimportantfora
species,thatfeaturewouldbemonitored).Targetsforwhattomonitor,andhowoften,arenecessary.
Resourcesavailable.Bothfundingandstaffarelimited,andaccomplishingmonitoringgoalsneedsto
bebalancedwithaccomplishingdatagapsprojectsandcompletingworktoreassessstatusofSpecies
ofSpecialConcern.Usingcitizenscience,partneragencies,andvolunteersmayhelpachievethemon
itoringobjective.Elementsfromexistingprograms,suchasWildlifeConservationPrioritizationand
RecoveryandtheFloridaShorebirdAlliancewillbeincluded(IntegratedActions2.1and2.2)inthe
monitoringplan.
Datamanagementandanalysis.Monitoringcanproduceawealthofdatanecessaryforconservation;
however,havinganefficientmethodofstoringandaccessingdata,andstafftoanalyzeit,willbecrit
icaltoasuccessfulmonitoringplan.Theroadmapneedstoidentifytheareaswheremanagementand

134
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IMPLEMENTATION
analysiscanalreadyabsorbmonitoringdata,andprovideanestimateofadditionalneeds.Onepossi
bletoolformanagingsomeoftheinformationcontainedintheroadmapistheproposedSWGfunded
FWCSpeciesandHabitatMonitoringCatalog,whichbeganinJuly2015.Thecatalogcontainsmetadata
forspeciesandhabitatssuchaswhoismonitoring,whatisbeingmonitored(speciesandhabitats),
andwhere(locationdata)andwhen(theperiodandfrequencyofsamplingefforts)monitoringoccurs.
Creatingtheroadmapfirstwillallowimplementationofmonitoringeffortsanddatacollectionwithoutwaiting
forallprotocolstobedeveloped.However,developingprotocolsforspecieswithoutanytypeofstandardized
monitoring is an important component of this objective (Integrated Action 2.3). For those species that are
difficulttodetect,testingandrefiningaprotocolbecomesevenmoreimportanttoensurereproducibility.As
protocolsaredeveloped,speciesexpertsandstatisticianswillneedtoreviewtheroadmapandconsultwith
partners (e.g., USFWS) to determine placement within the monitoring plan. For example, research efforts
throughStateWildlifeGrantsorotherstatefundsarecurrentlydevelopingsurveyandmonitoringprotocols
forthereddishegretandfoxsquirrels,whichshouldbecompleteby2018.Asinformationisattainedanddata
gapsarefilled(seeObjective2),thetypeofmonitoringmayevolvebasedonspeciesinformationneedsand
annualreviewofthemonitoringplanbyFWRIinconsultationwithFWCsSpeciesConservationPlanningstaff.
Atransparentmonitoringplanalsoprovidesthepublicandstakeholderswithinformationonwhysomespecies
arenotbeingmonitoredandidentifiesresourcesneededifmorespeciesaretobeincorporated.Buildingca
pacityforincreasedmonitoringbyengagingpartnersandbuildingstakeholderinvolvementthroughvolunteer
ingandcitizenscienceprojectscanoccuraftertheinitialmonitoringplanisdeveloped.Successfulimplemen
tationdoesnotrequirethatallspeciesaremonitoredeveryyear,onlythatspeciesspecificinformationneeds
andrealisticopportunitiesformonitoringhavebeenaccountedfor.Atimelinefordevelopingamonitoring
roadmapisshowninTable9.
Table 9. Timeline for development of a monitoring roadmap.
Action
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Assembleexperts
toreviewSAP
monitoringactions
Assessfeasibility
andidentifymoni
toringtargets
Draftroadmapor
monitoringplan
Develop,test,and
refineprotocolsas
needed
Engagepartners,
citizenscientists,
andvolunteers

135
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IMPLEMENTATION
Objective 4: By 2016, complete a regional assessment for the FWC Northwest region and by
2020 for each of the other FWC regions.
Thepurposeofregionalassessmentsistomovemultipleplanningdocumentsintoactionatalocallevelby
evaluatingidentifiedconservationneedsandaligningthesewithregionalFWCpriorities,partners,andoppor
tunities. Assessments will identify key conservation actions and strategies for imperiled and atrisk species
withintheregion,entitiesthathavearoleinimplementation,importantpublicorstateconservationlands,
andpotentialprivatelandswhereconservationpartnershipopportunitiesmayexist.Regionalassessmentsare
notintendedto be a comprehensive look at everything that needsto happen within a region; instead,the
assessmentswilloutlineasetofprioritiesthatintegrateexistingplansincluding,butnotlimitedto,Floridas
ImperiledSpecies Management Plan, SpeciesAction Plans,areaspecific Wildlife Conservation Prioritization
andRecoverystrategies,federalSpeciesRecoveryPlans,andFloridasStateWildlifeActionPlan.Theintentis
tocreateaplaybookforeachofthefiveFWCregions,outliningthehighestpriorityactionsforbothspecies
andhabitatconservation.Regionalassessments,whenappliedtostrategicallysteerresources(e.g.,stafftime,
funding,partnershipbuilding,targetedtechnicalassistance),shouldbroadentheimpactofexistingconserva
tionplansandresultinquantifiableconservationgains.
Thisresultwillbeachievedthroughanassessmentthatidentifiesconservationprioritiesataregionalleveland
outlinessupportingactions.Theseprioritieswillfallintothefollowingcategories.
Focalspecies(priorityspecieswarrantingspecificconservationattentionintheregion).
Focalhabitats(prioritylandcovertypeswithintheregion).
Focalareas(areasorsiteswithintheregionkeytoconservationoffocalspeciesandhabitats).
Someimperiledspeciesarelocalizedtospecificareas,whileothershaveastatewideormultiregionalpresence.
Themostsignificantthreatsandneedsforthosespeciescouldvaryacrossregions,acrossthestate,oreven
withinaregion.TheregionalassessmentswillconsideractionsfromSpeciesActionPlansaswellasintegrated
actionsfromintegratedconservationstrategies,applytheappropriateregionalfilters(e.g.,threats,available
conservationlands,habitatconnectivity,landuse),andthenidentifykeyconservationactionsandstrategies
forimperiledandatriskspecieswithintheregion.Entitieswhoseworkinfluenceswildlifediversityandcon
servationwithintheregionshouldbeabletousetheassessmenttounderstandeachothersuniquerolesand
responsibilities,aswellastoidentifyareaswheretheyoverlapandcanworktogether.
Aspartoftheregionalassessment,amoreindepthevaluationofwhereimperiledspeciesandtheiressential
habitatsoverlapwillallowfocalareastoemergeandresourcestobestrategicallyapplied.Identifyingareasof
importanceforimperiledandrarewildlifeinFloridaisnotanewconcept.In1994,FWCpublishedClosingthe
GapsinFloridasWildlifeHabitatConservationSystem(Coxetal.1994),areportthatintroducedtheconcepts
ofstrategichabitatconservationareasandregionalbiodiversityhotspots.Thereportwasupdatedin2009and
isnowtitled,WildlifeHabitatConservationNeedsinFlorida:UpdatedRecommendationsforStrategicHabitat
ConservationAreas(Endriesetal.2009).Regionalassessmentswillbuildontheinformationdescribedinthese
reports,updatingpriorityareasforimperiledandatriskspeciesconservation,andtakethenextsteptoward
implementation:incorporatingtheinformationintoFWCoperationsandusingdirectedoutreachtoensure
thattheinformationisutilizedbypartnersandstakeholders.
ThroughtheprocessofidentifyingregionalconservationactionsandSpeciesFocalAreas,entitiesthatshould
havearoleinimplementationwillemerge.Successfulimplementationwillrequireactiveengagement,collab
oration,andcommunicationwiththoseentities,manyofwhomarealreadykeypartnersandstakeholders.
RegionalFWCstaffwillworkwithpartnersandstakeholdersandprovideconsultationforconservation,resto

136
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IMPLEMENTATION
ration,andmanagementofimperiledspeciesandthosehabitatssupportingessentialbehavioralpatterns.Ex
istingtoolssuchastheCriticalLandsandWatersIdentificationProjectandCooperativeConservationBlueprint
willbeutilizedtoinformthisprocess.
Thefirstregionalassessment,initiatedinearly2015,wasconductedforFWCsNorthwestregion,withsubse
quentassessmentstobefocusedoneachoftheotherfourregions(seeTable10foranticipatedscheduleof
completion).EachregionalassessmentwillbeledbyFWCstaff,withinputfrompartnersandinterestedstake
holders.
Table 10. Objective 4 implementation: regional assessments development timeline.
FWC Region
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Northwest
NorthCentral
Northeast
Southwest
South
Objective 5: By 2017, focus at least 10 percent of agency resources on supporting implementation of Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan and Species Action Plans.
CompletingdevelopmentoftheISMP,andimplementingprioritizedspeciesactionsandintegratedconserva
tionstrategies,aretogetheridentifiedinoneofsixstrategicinitiativesintheFWCsAgencyStrategicPlan.To
ensuresuccessfulimplementationofthestrategicinitiatives,FWChascommittedtostaffinvolvementfromall
levelsoftheagency,withrealignmentofresourcesasnecessary.Theagencyscommitmenttosuccessfulde
velopmentandimplementationoftheISMPisalreadyevident,withover100crossagencystaffinvolvedin
developmentofSpeciesActionPlansandsubsequentdevelopmentofFloridasImperiledSpeciesManagement
Plan.
SinceSAPdevelopment,theagencyhasalreadyundertakenimplementationofactionsidentifiedintheSpecies
ActionPlansandintegratedconservationstrategies.ExamplesincludefillingdatagapsforSpeciesofSpecial
Concern,conductingandtestingsurveyprotocols(Homosassashrew,Shermansshorttailedshrew,saltmarsh
topminnow,andblackmouthshiner),conductinggeneticsstudies(osprey,foxsquirrels,andFloridamouse),
habitatenhancement(ChassahowitzkaWMA,BigBendWMA,andTatesHellWMA),staffsupportforstew
ardshipandoutreach(CriticalWildlifeAreatechniciansandvolunteercoordinators),andprovidingtechnical
assistance(partners,privatelandowners,andpublic).ImplementationoftheISMPalsooverlapswithother

137
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IMPLEMENTATION
agencystrategicinitiatives(e.g.,ExpandingParticipationinConservationandConservationThroughInnova
tion)and,wherepossible,ISMPprioritiesareintendedtoalignwithagencystrategicinitiatives.Prioritiesiden
tifiedinTable11arenotthelimitforwhatadivision,office,orsectionmayworkon,butrepresentafocusof
efforttoachieveISMPobjectives.Opportunitiesmayarisetoengageinactions notlistedas priorities,and
theseshouldbeconsideredindividually.Inmanyinstances,capitalizingontheseopportunitieswillimprove
conservation;however,opportunisticendeavorsshouldnotdetractfromprogresstowardspriorityISMPstrat
egiesandactions.
ThediversenatureofthespeciesandactionsincludedintheISMPrequiresexpertisefromacrosstheagency
toeffectivelyimplementtheplan.Objective5oftheISMPsetsprioritiesforeachdivisionandoffice;however,
achievingtheseactionsisnotintendedtofallononlythoseentities.Researchneedsaredriven,inpart,by
managementneeds,soresearchersandmanagersmustcontinuetoworktogethertoidentifyfundingneeds,
developworkplansandprojectproposals,andundertakemonitoringorotherprojects.Lawenforcementstaff
workingwithspeciesexpertsandpermittingstaffwillbecrucialindevelopingsolidguidanceforofficerson
identifyingspeciesandthesituationsthatcausetake.CommunityRelations,OfficeofPublicAccessandWildlife
ViewingServices,OfficeofInformationTechnology,andspeciesexpertswithinFWRIandHSCwillcontinueto
worktogethertodevelopcitizenscienceprogramsanddatabasesforspeciessightingreportswherecalledfor
intheSAPs,andtomakethepublicawareoftheseprogramsandtheimportanceoftheirparticipation.Iden
tifiedprioritiesmayormaynotbeledbyaparticulardivisionoroffice;somemayprovideconsultationand
expertisewithouttakingonfullresponsibilityforachievement.Table11identifiesprioritystrategiesandac
tionsrelevanttoFWCdivision,office,orprogramarea.

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IMPLEMENTATION
Table 11. Implementation priorities for FWC divisions and offices.
Division or Office
Integrated Conservation Strategy (ICS)

ICS1:Datagaps
ICS2:Speciesmonitoring
ICS3:Habitatmonitoring
ICS4:Threatstospecies
ICS5:Habitatmanagement
ICS6:Protectandmanagesufficienthabitat
ICS7:Populationinterventions
HabitatandSpeciesConservation
ICS8:Partnershipincentives
ICS9:Influencinglandconservationandmanagement
ICS11:Prescribedfire
ICS12:Landandwatertransitionzones
ICS13:Conservationstewardship
ICS1:Datagaps
FishandWildlifeResearchInstitute
ICS3:Habitatmonitoring
ICS14:Infrastructureandcapacity
HuntingandGameManagement
FreshwaterFisheriesManagement
MarineFisheriesManagement
LawEnforcement
OfficeofInformationTechnology
OfficeofPublicAccessandWildlife
ViewingServices
OfficeofPolicyandAccountability
ICS6:Protectandmanagesufficienthabitat
ICS10:Compliancewithrulesandpermits
ICS10:Collaborationwithpermittingandenforcement
ICS11:Prescribedfire
CommunityRelationsOffice
FinanceandBudget
LegalOffice
ICS10:Compliancewithrulesandpermits
ICS8:Partnershipincentives
LegislativeAffairsOffice
YouthServices
RegionalOperations
Integrated Action
1.4:Speciesassessments
2.2:Coordinatemonitoringprograms
3.4:Testpotentialhabitatmaps
4.1:Modelpotentiallanduseconflicts
4.2:Climatechange
4.5:Nonnativespeciesimpacts
5.1:Specieshabitatrequirements
5.2:Buildpartnershipstoimprovehabitat
5.3:Habitatrestorationandenhancement
5.4:Restorecoastal,riparian,andstreamsidehabitats
5.6:Integratedpestmanagement
6.1:Habitatconservationtargets
6.2:Longtermhabitatprotection
6.3:Habitatcorridors
7.1:Protectessentialhabitatsfromdisturbance
7.2Artificialhabitats
7.3:Managehabitattocontrolpredators
7.4:Restorehabitatforpopulationaugmentation
7.5:Frameworkformitigatinghabitatloss
8.1:Permittingguidelinesandconditions
8.2:Habitatmanagementincentives
8.3:Habitatprotectionincentives
9.1:Habitatmanagementguidelines
9.2:Implementinghabitatmanagementguidelines
9.3:Imperiledspeciesessentialhabitat
9.4:Localgovernmentcoordination
9.5:Waterquantityandqualitycoordination
9.6:Landmanagementconsultation
11.4:Prescribedfirepartnerships
12.2:Landuseplanning
13.4:Coexistingwithimperiledspecies
13.5:Minimizedisturbanceguidelines
1.1:Geneticsstudies
1.2:Demographicandlifehistorystudies
1.3:Habitatrequirements
2.1:Comprehensivesurveyandmonitoringprogram
2.3:Standardizedprotocolsforspeciesmonitoring
2.4:Speciessightingreports
3.1:Developstandardizedprotocols
3.3:Spatialdatabaseforhabitatmonitoringdata
3.4:Modelandmappotentialhabitat
4.4:Contaminantanddisease
14.1:Dataandinformationsystems
14.2:Informationtechnologycapacity
14.3:Projectselection
14.4:Statisticalsupport
5.2:Buildpartnershipstoimprovehabitat
7.3:Managehabitattocontrolpredators
4.3:Waterqualityandquantity
9.5:Impactstoaquaticimperiledspecies
5.5:Minimizenonnativeimpacts
6.1:Habitatconservationtargets
12.5:Waterwaypractices
7.1:Protectessentialhabitatsfromdisturbance
10.1and10.2:Addressingnoncompliance
13.2:Promoteawarenessandobservations
2.4:Speciessightingreports
14.1:Dataandinformationsystems
14.2:Informationtechnologycapacity
2.5:Developcitizenscienceprojects
12.6:Citizenscience,stewardship,andcommunity
13.3:Promotecitizenscienceprojects
11.3and11.6:Prescribedfirecommunication
12.3:Wildlifefriendlypractices
12.4:Zonefriendlypractices
13.2:Promoteawarenessandobservations
13.6:Wildlifewisecampaign
14.6:Supportframeworkforexternalfunding
8.1:Conservationmeasures
8.2:Economicincentives
8.3:Conservationtools
14.5:Youthinvolvementinprojects
9.4:Establishpriorityareas
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IMPLEMENTATION
Crossteamingisonewaytoachievethisobjective;however,staffdutiesandimprovingefficienciesmayalso
needtobeconsidered.ImplementingtheISMPwillrequireashiftindutiesforsomestaff.Forexample,taxa
specificconservationcoordinators,whohaveservedondatagapsandSGCNrevisionteamsforFWLI,assist
commentingstaffonprovidingspeciesspecificinformationduringdevelopmentprojectreview,providebio
logical opinions to permitting staff, and identify species needs and methods to address them. During ISMP
implementation,conservationcoordinatorswillcontinuetofillmanyoftheseroles,butwithanincreasedfocus
onlistedandatriskspecies;theywillalsotakeonnewrolesinassessingprogressfortheISMP.Inorderto
meettheISMPobjectives,somedutiescurrentlycoveredbyconservationcoordinatorsmayshifttootherstaff
ortopartnergroups.TheSpeciesConservationPlanningsectionofFWCisinvolvedinaccomplishingmanyof
thestrategiesandactions,andultimatelystaffofthissectionwillcoordinateimplementationacrosstheagency
andmonitorprogresstowardsISMPobjectives.Pastplanningeffortshavelistedpriorityactivities,butbyde
lineatingresponsibilityfortheirimplementation,thereisgreateraccountabilityinachievingtheobjectives.
ThescheduleforachievingObjective5isshowninTable12.Monitoringappliedresourcesandevaluatingnec
essaryadjustmentswillbeimportantinachievingthisobjective.Additionalmonitoringandadjustmentswill
continuebeyond2020,althoughtherecommendedpercentofappliedagencyresourcesmaybeadjustedafter
fiveyearsofimplementation.
Table 12. Objective 5 implementation timeline.
Action
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Directedoutreachand
coordinationforpriority
actions
Appliedresourcemonitoring
andreporting
Recommendationsfor
resourceadjustments
Objective 6: By 2018, develop a system to account for protections and conservation gains for
species included in Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan throughout the range of FWC
engagement with partners and stakeholders.
Thepublic,partners,andstakeholdersinteractwithFWCinavarietyofways,buttodatenosystemaccounts
forconservationgainsthroughoutthewidearrayofexistingFWCprograms.Understandinghowtheseinter
actionsimpactconservationisneededinordertoassesstheeffectivenessoftheseprogramsinimplementing
theISMP.
TheSAPsandICSsidentifiedtheneedtoengagewithpartnersandstakeholdersinmanydifferentways.Land
scapelevelplanningtools,habitatmanagementinformation,voluntaryconservationactions,andincentives
forconservationpracticesaretheprimarywaysidentifiedforFWCstafftointeractwiththepublicandwith
partners.ExistingprogramswithinFWCfocusontheseareasofinteraction,buttheSAPscallforspecificactions
toimproveinteractionsrelativetospeciesconservation.Whenimpactstoimperiledspecieshabitatsmight
occur,FWCalsoworkswithstakeholdersthroughotheragenciesinacommentingandtechnicalassistance

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IMPLEMENTATION
role,andmayprovideavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresoracceptmitigationthroughanotheragencys
permittingprocess(e.g.,EnvironmentalResourcePermitsissuedthroughDEPorthewatermanagementdis
tricts).SomelanduseactionsmaytriggertheneedforFWCpermitting,leadingFWCtointeractwithasmaller
groupofstakeholders.ThesmallestsubsetofengagementwiththepublicoccurswhenFWClawenforcement
becomesinvolvedinimperiledspeciesissues;andthisinvolvementismostoftenintheformofeducationover
compliance.Figure5showsthenarrowinglevelsofpublicengagement,withthefocusonbroadconservation
actionsoverastrongregulatoryapproach.Integratedactionsfollowthenarrowinglevelsofengagement,with
moreactionsfocusing on larger landscape conservation andmanagement than on permittingandenforce
ment.AchievingObjective6willrequirebothimplementingtheintegratedactionsandaccountingfortheim
plementationthroughmanyofFWCsexistingprograms.TheIntegratedConservationStrategieschapterfur
therdetailsimplementationofthesestrategies.
LandscapeLevelConservation
IntegratedActions6.1,9.1,9.2,9.3,9.4,9.6
VoluntaryConservationActions
IntegratedActions5.2,6.2,6.3,8.2,8.3
Public
interaction
with FWC
PrePermittingRegulatory
Approaches
IntegratedActions8.1,9.5
FWCPermitting
Conservation
gains:
wildlife
benefits
through
each type of
interaction
IntegratedAction7.5
Enforcement
Integrated
Action10.1
Figure 5. Means by which public interaction with FWC leads to conservation gains.
ToaccomplishObjective6,FWCstaffandpartnerswillidentify,outofarangeofinteractionsdescribedbelow,
thekeycomponentsthatprovidethegreatestconservationgains.Targetswithineachofthesecomponents
(e.g.,acresoflandmanagement,acresofconservationeasements,numbersofpermitsissued)willbeusedto
accountfortheconservationwithinexistingprograms,andrelatehowthisbenefitsthespeciesincludedinthis
plan.TrackingthesecomponentswillbetheresponsibilityofthosewithinFWCwhoadministereachprogram.
Landscape-Level Conservation
LandscapelevelconservationisthebroadestlevelofFWCinteraction.Influencingbroadlandmanagement
decisions,alongwithidentifyingareasforconservation,supportswildlifediversityandcanimproveconditions
forwildlife.ExistingtoolssuchasFloridasCooperativeConservationBlueprintandtheCriticalLandandWaters
Identification Project can provide the basis for identifying and prioritizing the areas for conservation (Inte
gratedAction6.1).TheregionalassessmentsidentifiedinObjective4alsoplayanimportantroleinassessing

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IMPLEMENTATION
landscapeissuesatregionalscales.
AnotherwaythatFWCinfluenceslandscapelevelconservationisbyparticipatinginthereviewanddevelop
mentofcomprehensiveplansthroughthecomprehensivegrowthmanagementplanprocess.Reviewingthese
plansallowsFWCstaff,inconjunctionwithlocalgovernments,toidentifypriorityareasforimperiledspecies
andencouragedevelopmentplanningthataddresseshabitatconservation(IntegratedAction9.4).
TheFloridaForeverAct(Section259.105(2a)11,F.S.)requiresthatlandacquiredthroughtheActbemanaged
forimperiledspecies.OnewaythatFWCensuresthisonagencymanagedlandsisthroughtheWildlifeCon
servation,Prioritization,andRecoveryprogram,whichidentifiesfocalspeciesonwildlifemanagementareas
andprovideshabitatmanagementguidancetobenefitthem.AlthoughtheWCPRprogramcurrentlyprovides
inputonpropertiesmanagedbyFWC,similarprogramsforotherstateconservationlandswouldbeoneway
toaccomplishIntegratedActions9.1,9.3,and9.6.TheFloridaForeverActalsorequiresdevelopmentofCon
ceptualManagementPlansforallstateownedproperties,andWCPRguidanceisincludedintheseplansto
meetthestatemandatedrequirementtomanageforimperiledspecies.Informationgeneratedthroughre
gionalassessmentswillbroadenourabilitytoprovideinputintoConceptualManagementPlans.
StafffromFWCalsoparticipatesindevelopingandreviewingIntegratedNaturalResourceManagementPlans
forDepartmentofDefenselands.MilitaryinstallationsinFloridarepresentsignificantareasofundeveloped
land,andmanyoftheseareascontainimportantsitesforwildlife.ByparticipatinginthereviewofINRMPs,
FWChelpstoensurethatstatelistedspeciesconcernsareaddressedaspartofthelandmanagementonDe
partmentofDefenseproperties.
Voluntary Conservation Actions
Voluntaryconservationactionsallowmanagersofprivateandpubliclandstosupportwildlifediversityand
imperiled species conservation through their landmanagement practices. Voluntary actions are often sup
portedbyprogramsthatprovideincentivestoprivatelandownerstomanageforimperiledspeciesandfor
wildlifediversity,andFWCleadsseveraloftheseprograms.
TheFWCLandownerAssistanceProgram(LAP)isacooperative,habitatbasedapproachthatpromotesand
assistswildlifehabitatconservationonprivatelands,andmanyoftheactivitiesundertakenhelptoaccomplish
IntegratedActions5.2,6.2,and6.3.Thisprogramprovidestechnicalandfinancialassistancetoprivateland
ownersinterestedinrestoringandconservingwildlifehabitatontheirproperty.Italsoencouragesandpro
motesvoluntarymanagementofwildlifehabitatthroughrecognitionandawardsprogramsaswellaseduca
tionalworkshopsandfielddays.Withapproximately70percentofFloridasundevelopedlandscapeinprivate
ownership,continuedoutreachto,andpartnershipwith,privatelandownersisessentialtotheeffectivecon
servationofhighpriorityhabitats.AlthoughtheFloridaForeverprogramhasbeenthenationslargestland
acquisitionprogram,risinglandcostsandeverincreasingdevelopmentpressureshavelimitedtheabilityto
conserveFloridasprioritywildlifehabitatsthroughacquisitionalone.Despitetheaccomplishmentsofacquisi
tionprograms,publicentitieswillsimplynotbeabletopurchaseallpriorityconservationlands,norfundasso
ciatedmanagementcosts.Partnershipswithprivatelandownersareessentialtotheconservationofwildlifein
FloridaandacriticalelementtothesuccessoftheISMP.Morespecifically,developingandsupportingprivate
landownerincentiveprogramsisidentifiedinIntegratedAction8.2andtheStateWildlifeActionPlanasahigh
priorityforabatingmultiplestatewidethreatstoFloridasspeciesandhabitatsofgreatestconservationneed.
AlthoughLAPtracksaccomplishmentsforlandsenrolledintheprogram,understandinghowthoseaccomplish
mentsbenefitimperiledspeciesmanagementhasnotbeenconsideredtodate.Futurecoordinationbetween
LAPstaffandconservationplanningstaffshouldidentifymetricsthatcanbeusedfortrackingimperiledspecies
conservationonenrolledlands,withoutadditionalburdentothelandowner.

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OthervoluntaryincentiveprogramsthatFWCmanagesthroughtheSpeciesConservationPlanningsectionin
cludetwoUSFWSprograms:SafeHarboragreementsandCandidateConservationAgreements.Althoughboth
programsweredevelopedbyUSFWS,FWCprovides oversightinenrollingparticipants,monitoringsuccess,
andprovidingspeciesandlandmanagementexpertisetodevelopgoals.Bothprogramsbenefitimperiledspe
ciesthroughlandmanagementpracticesandassurancestolandownersthatthosepracticeswillnotberegu
latedorrequirepermitting.SafeHarborsallowlandownerstoenrolltheirpropertyatitsbaselinecondition,
withtheassurancethatiftheymanagethepropertywellandimperiledspeciesarerecruited,theywillbeable
toreturntothebaselinewithoutpenalty.CandidateConservationAgreementsoutlinemanagementactions
thatbenefitoneormorespecies;thetargetspeciesbeingthoseidentifiedascandidatesunderthefederal
EndangeredSpeciesAct,althoughstatelistedspeciesoratriskspecieswithnofederalstatuscanalsobenefit.
Theincorporationofstatelistedspecies,ordevelopmentofstatelevelversionsofthesefederalprograms,is
onewaytoimplementIntegratedAction8.3.ConservationbankingandPaymentforEcosystemServices,as
part of an incentive package to landowners who would like to conserve land and still receive an economic
benefit,areadditionalavenuestoexploreinachievingIntegratedAction8.3.
Coordination with other State and Federal Agencies
PreFWCpermittingregulatoryapproachesoccurwhenFWCstaffwithintheOfficeofConservationPlanning
Servicesprovidesinputonprojectsthatincludelandusechanges(seeTable3forafullexplanationofthese
typesofregulatory programs). Before issuing permits, the FloridaDepartment ofEnvironmental Protection
andwatermanagementdistrictsseekinputfromFWCinanefforttoincorporatestatelistedspeciesconsider
ationsintopermitstheyissue.Speciesspecificguidanceprovidedtotheseagenciesandincorporatedintopro
jectdesignsorcomprehensiveplanningwillimproveconservation.Oneoftheapproachestopermittingtake
ofstatelistedspeciesistoallowpermitsfromotheragenciesthatrequiremitigation(suchaswetlandspermits)
tooffsettakeofstatelistedspecieswhenthatmitigationalsoachievesconservationbenefitasevaluatedby
thefactorsdescribedinRule68A27.003,F.A.C.AnotheroptionisthatotheragenciesmayincorporateFWCs
conditionsforavoidanceandminimizationintothepermitstheyissue.Inbothcases,thismayreduceduplicate
permitting for the applicant. However, close coordination is needed with other agencies to be certain that
statutoryauthoritieswillallowthis.Inaddition,FWCstaffwillneedtomonitoranyissuedpermitstoassess
howwelltheyaddresstakeofstateThreatenedspeciesbymeetingrulerequirementsforincidentaltakeper
mits.TheseprocesseswillbegintoimplementIntegratedActions8.1and9.5.TofullyimplementAction8.1,
FWCwillneedtoengagedirectlywithcountyandmunicipalgovernmentstoassurethatstaffapprovingdevel
opment and/or building permits understands FWCs Species Conservation Measures and Permitting Guide
lines.TechnicalassistanceonimplementingGuidelinesshouldbeprovidedearlyinanypermittingprocessto
helpavoidimpactsandtominimizetheneedforFWCpermitsfortakeofstatelistedspecies.
InadditiontotheregulatoryprogramslistedinTable3,agriculturalimpactsareconsideredthroughthedevel
opmentofwildlifeBestManagementPractices,asrequiredbyRule68A27.007(2)(d),F.A.C. Agriculture,as
defined in Section 570.02, F.S., conducted in accordance with Chapter 5I8, F.A.C., and the wildlife BMPs
adoptedinRule5I8.001,F.A.C.,bytheDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServicepursuanttoSection
570.94,F.S.,isauthorizedanddoesnotrequireapermitauthorizingincidentaltakedespiteanyotherprovision
ofthissectionorRule68A27.005,F.A.C.ParticipationintheFloridaForestryWildlifeBMPsandFloridaAgri
culturalWildlifeBMPsprogramandimplementationoftheseBMPsprovidesapresumptionofcompliancewith
regardtoincidentaltakeofspecifiedstatelistedspecies.
FWC Permitting
PermittingbyFWCfortakeofstatelistedspeciesisdescribedintheLawandPolicychapter.Whileimplement

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IMPLEMENTATION
ingIntegratedAction7.5isacomponentofthepermittingsystem,itisbuiltonpriorworkinimprovingland
scapelevelplanning,voluntaryconservation,andFWCinvolvementinotherregulatoryprogramstoavoidim
pactingimperiledspecies.Whentakeofstatelistedspeciescannotbereasonablyavoided,guidanceformini
mizingtake(asoutlinedintheSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelines)maybefollowed.
For permitted incidental take of stateThreatened species, the application must demonstrate conservation
benefitinaccordancewiththesevenevaluationfactors.Multispeciesmeasuresforsomehabitatscouldcover
allpotentiallistedspecieswithinthathabitatforminimizationandmitigation.Whenmitigationisprovidedas
offsetorconservationbenefit,fundscollectedwillbemaintainedbytheWildlifeFoundationofFlorida,and
usedforactionsoutlinedintheSAPsandISMP,includinghabitatmanagementoracquisition,research,out
reach,anddevelopmentofincentivesforvoluntaryconservationactions.
Law Enforcement
While the focus of effort outlined in the ISMP is primarily nonregulatory, rules are in place that may need
enforcement.Forexample,whereovercollectionisaconcern,rulesprovidelimitsonnumbersofindividuals
thatcanbecollected.Whennecessary,FWClawenforcementwillplayanimportantroleinenforcingregula
tions(IntegratedActions10.1and10.2).Toeffectivelyuselawenforcement,trainingwillbeneededoniden
tificationofspeciesandofactivitiesthatcausetake.Toenhancethenongamespeciestrainingbeyondthat
providedattheacademyandtoprovidecontinuingeducationtoofficers,trainingandawarenessofregional
issuesaffectingimperiledspecieswilloccuronaregularbasis.Expandingofficerfamiliaritywithimperiledspe
ciescanbeanimportanttooltoreduceorminimizetheneedforregulatoryrequirementsorrules.Methods
toexpandthisfamiliaritywillcontinuetobeexplored,andonlinetrainingmodulesforspecificspeciesorissues
arealreadybeingplanned.Inpersontrainingbybiologistsatregionalcaptainsmeetingscanalsobeaneffec
tivewaytoallowforextendeddiscussionsbetweenbiologicalstaffandlawenforcementofficersaboutimper
iledspecies.TheimplementationscheduleforObjective6isshowninTable13.
Table 13. Objective 6 implementation timeline.
Action
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Identifycorecomponents
Identifytrackingtargets
Developsystemtotrack
targetedconservationgoals
Implementsystem
Implementation resources
Aswithimplementinganyplan,successfullyachievingtheoutlinedobjectivesrequirestheapplicationofap
propriateresources.TheFWCiscommittedtoleadingtheISMPimplementationeffortbyapplyingsubstantial

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IMPLEMENTATION
agencyresources,aswellasworkingcloselywithpartnersandstakeholderstoleverageadditionalsupport,
manpower,andfunding.Adjustmentscanbeexpectedthroughoutthe10yearperiod,asadditionalresource
needsareidentifiedandsolutionsaredetermined.
Staffing and funding

Agencycommentingforimpactstoimperiledspeciesandpermittingforstatelistedspeciesaretwoadditional
areasthatmayneedincreasedstaff,becausemanyoftheICSandSAPactionswillincreasetheworkloadacross
theagency.Asareasareidentifiedthatrequireadditionalstaffingefforts,vacanciesshouldbeevaluatedacross
theagencyforbestuse.FullystaffingimplementationoftheISMPwillrequirecreativityandflexibility.Useof
mitigationcontributionstofundadditionalstaff,includingsupportforpermittingandcommentingprograms,
may need to be considered (see Law and Policy chapter). Contributions collected as part ofthe permitting
processwillbeheldbytheWildlifeFoundationofFloridaasrequiredbystatute;andconservationfundsheld
bytheFoundationhaveanestablishmentprocessthatidentifiesallowableexpendituresasresearch,manage
ment, outreach, and incentives. Currently, allprotectedspecies permits issued by FWC are nofee permits,
meaningthatthereisnocosttoanapplicantwhenapplyingforthepermit.Assessinganominalpermitpro
cessing fee to each application would allow for greater staff support in the program; however, this option
wouldrequirelegislativeapprovalandisnotbeingconsideredatthistime.
Multiplefundingsourcesthataddresswildlifediversityconservation,andimperiledspeciesinparticular,are
availabletoFWC.ThroughtheSection6agreementoftheU.S.EndangeredSpeciesAct,statesareallotted
fundsbasedonthenumberoffederallylistedspeciesoccurringinthatstate.Inadditiontothesetraditional
funds,Section6providescompetitivefundingforthedevelopmentofhabitatconservationplansandsome
landacquisitionwhereitbenefitsfederalspecies;FWCprovidestechnicalguidanceforhabitatconservation
plansandlandacquisition,andincorporatesconcernsregardingstatelistedspeciesintheseplans.
The StateWildlife Grants program provides funds for species not listed under the EndangeredSpeciesAct.
GoalssetbyFWLIguidespecificprojectseligibleforthesefunds,buttheyaregenerallytargetedtowardim
provingwildlifediversity.TheFWLIsgoaltofilldatagapshasbenefitedmanystatelistedspeciesbyproviding
fundstoconductresearch.HabitatlevelprojectsandconservationplanningtoolsdevelopedusingSWGfunds
willalsoplayanimportantroleindevelopingregionalprioritiesandidentifyinglandscapeconservationneeds
thatwillbenefitsuitesofspecies.
Thestatelegislatureprovidesdedicatedfundingformanagementofthreatenedandnongamespecies,and
theserecurringfundsaresetasideforprojectsthataddressthemeasurableobjectivesoftheISMP.Leveraging
thesefundswiththoseprovidedbytheSWGprogramallowsmoreprojectstobecompleted,providesmatch,
andcanjumpstartprojectstoassurethatneededdataarecollectedwithinthegranttimeframe.Thesefunds
mayalsobeusedtohiretemporarystafftohelpwithseasonalsurveyandmonitoringprojects,butthisisnot
thepreferredoptionforincreasingfundingforpermittingstaff.OtheravailablefundingsourcesincludeCon
serveWildlifeTaggrantsthroughtheWildlifeFoundationofFloridanongametagprogram.TheFoundation
setssideboardsinlinewithagencyprioritiesforselectingprojectstoreceivethesefunds.Agencybasefunds
in AHCR and Wildlife and Habitat Management section also provide for landmanagement activities, which
supportwildlifediversityconservation.ActionsforimperiledspeciesconservationidentifiedbytheWCPRpro
gramonwildlife management areas aregiven priority in funding discussions, where appropriate.Examples
includeparticipationofstafffromFWCsWildlifeandHabitatManagementsectionincollectingdataonpres
enceofFloridamiceonWMAsandrestorationofhabitatsthatsupportasuiteofimperileduplandspecies.
TheAquaticHabitatRestorationandEnhancementprogramsolicitsprojectideastosupportconservationof
imperiledspecies,andworkswithstaffthroughouttheagencytoimplementtheseprojects.Anexampleofthis

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IMPLEMENTATION
istheuseoffundstorestorewetlandsfortheSanibelIslandriceratandFloridabogfrog.
AdditionalfundingthroughtheRESTOREActandotheroilspillrelatedfundinghasbeenproposed,butthe
scopeofuseforthesefundsislimitedtotheGulfcoastandwillnotapplytoallimperiledspecies.Legislative
BudgetRequestsmayneedtobeconsideredinfutureyearstomeettheimplementationneedsoftheISMP.
Implementation process
TheISMPhasmorestrategiesandactionsthancanbereasonablyaccomplishedinafiveor10yearperiod,so
prioritieshavebeenidentifiedthroughtheobjectives.Managementthatallowsforadaptationbasedonfeed
backfromimplementationwillallowforbetterinformeddecisionmakingandimprovedfutureactions.
TheISMPispartofanoverallimperiledspeciesmanagementapproachtosupportthefullarrayofwildlife
diversityinFlorida.ImplementationthereforeneedstoaddresshowtheISMPfitsintothebiggerpictureof
FWCprogramsandtoprovideflexibilityasactionsareimplemented,speciesstatusisimproved,andadditional
species are reviewed for inclusion. The Law and Policy chapter provides structure for protections, but this
structureallowsforlatitudeandcreativityinimplementation.Speciesthreatsandconservationactionsare
outlinedinSAPsalongwithinformationonhowtobestachievetheactions.TheICSslookedacrossallthese
actionstoidentifyareasofcommonalitytoincreaseefficiencyandprovideguidanceonhowtoachievethese
actions.ThemeasurableobjectivessetprioritiesforFWCandrepresentourcommitmenttoimperiledspecies
conservationinFlorida;achievingthefullbreadthofSAPandICSactionswillrequirethefullsupportandpar
ticipationofstakeholdersandpartners.Aspartoftheadaptiveprocess,inputfromstaffandpartnerswillhelp
toidentifyimplementationareasthatareworkingwellandthosethatneedadditionaleffort.Emergingissues
canbeidentifiedearlywitheffectiveinternalandexternalcommunication,andtheseissuescanthenbecome
partoftheadaptiveprocessofimplementingtheISMP.Providingclearandfrequentmessagesabouthowwe
areimproving,andwillcontinuetoimprove,imperiledspeciesmanagementwillhelpmaintainsupportand
momentumduringimplementation.Annualprogressreportsandfiveyearreviewswillprovideformaloppor
tunitiestoengagewithstaff,partners,andstakeholders.Interimfeedbackiswelcomedandshouldbedirected
totheISMPCoordinatorwithintheSpeciesConservationPlanningsectionintheDivisionofHabitatandSpecies
Conservation.
Followingthe2010BiologicalStatusReviews,andcontinuingafterSpeciesActionPlandevelopment,workon
implementationhasbeguninadvanceofthefinalISMP.InmanyoftheISMPobjectivesschedules,thetime
framesincludeongoingwithaveryshorttimetocompletion.Inmostcases,thisisaresultofbeginningwork
on those actions prior to completing the ISMP. Implementation is fluid and needs to incorporate feedback
loopstoaddresschangesandprogress.Thefollowingsectionslayoutprogresstodate,aswellasprogress
monitoring,reporting,review,andrevision,alongwithhowtoaddressamendmentstotheplanandspecies
evaluations.
Progress to date
Adoptionofthenewconservationmodel(initiatedwiththe2010rulechangesinChapter68A27,F.A.C.)seta
courseforsignificantworktobecompletedoverthenextseveralyears.EvenduringdevelopmentofFloridas
ImperiledSpecies Management Plan, afocus toward improved imperiledspecies management was already
underway.IteratedthroughouttheSpeciesActionPlansistheneedtofilldatagapsonthespeciesandtheir
habitats.Obtainingadditionalinformationallowsforimprovedconservationmanagementdecisionmaking.
Projectsfundedwithagencytrustfunds,aswellasstateandfederalgrants,willfilldataneeds,improveor

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IMPLEMENTATION
protecthabitat,andexpandpartnershipopportunities,andtheyincludethefollowing.
ResearchandMonitoring.Emphasisisonresearchnecessarytodeterminefuturelistingstatusof
SpeciesofSpecialConcern(e.g.,easternchipmunk,harlequindarter,Homosassashrew,osprey,
Shermansfoxsquirrel).In2013/14thelegislatureapprovedfundingforThreatenedand
NongameSpeciesManagement,andpriorityearmarkforthesefundshasbeenSSCdatagaps.
AdditionalfundingthroughStateWildlifeGrants,existinginternalfunds,ConserveWildlifeTag
grants,andfederalpartnershasbeenusedtosupportresearchandmonitoringeffortsfordata
gaps,andprojectshavebeeninitiatedforallSSC.NewdatawillallowFWCtoreevaluatethe
statusoftheseSSCspeciesin2017and2018.ManyotherspeciesidentifiedinTable8ashaving
datagaps,suchastheBarboursmapturtle,Georgiablindsalamander,blackmouthshiner,Sani
belIslandricerat,Shermansshorttailedshrew,andgopherfrog,haveallhadtargetedsurvey
effortsfunded.
CitizenScience.VolunteercoordinatorsforFWChavebeenpartiallyfundedthroughmoneyear
markedforthreatenedandnongamespecies.Aprojecttobuildandinstallkestrelboxesisone
exampleofhowanimperiledspecieshasbenefitedwhileplanningisongoing.
Modeldevelopmentforimprovedhabitatoccupancyandspeciesrangemappingproducts.
Directedhabitatmanagementforspeciessuchasshorebirdsthroughestablishmentandman
agementofCriticalWildlifeAreasandsoutheasternAmericankestrelsthroughadditionofnest
ingboxesinpotentialhabitat.CoordinationonISMPspecieshasalsodirectedfundingforhabitat
managementonagencyWildlifeManagementAreas.
Increasedsocialmediapostingsaboutimperiledspeciesandwildlifediversity.
Progress monitoring and reporting

TheISMPcovers57statelistedspeciesin46SpeciesActionPlans;identifiesmorethan900speciesspecific
actionsand,throughtheintegratedconservationstrategies,outlinesadditionalmultispeciesactions.Prioritiz
ingtheseactions,settingobjectives,andundertakingtheworkofimplementingtheISMPweredescribedin
thischapter.However,acriticalcomponenttoassessingtheISMPssuccessismeasuringprogressandadapting
prioritiesandworkplansasneeded.Progresswillbemeasuredateachlevel:speciesactions,integratedcon
servationstrategies,andobjectivesforidentifiedpriorities.
Atthespecieslevel,maintainingaccountabilityforachievingSAPrelatedactionswillbetheresponsibilityof
taxaspecific Conservation Coordinators within the Species Conservation Planning section of FWC. The five
ConservationCoordinatorsserveasexpertsonavian,mammal,reptileandamphibian,invertebrate,andfish
species;andtheyfunctionasapointofcontactforimperiledandatriskspeciesconservationforinternaland
externalpartners.TheConservationCoordinatorsparticipatedindevelopmentoftheSAPs,serveontheState
WildlifeActionPlangoalteamforfundingdatagaps,andmaintainFWCsinformationonexistingconservation
programsfortheirtaxa.AlthoughtheymayalsoinitiateactionsandparticipateinotheraspectsoftheISMP,
accountingforimplementationoftheSAPswillbeanewrole.ConservationCoordinatorswillworkacrossthe
agency and with partners to assess progress towards actions through coordination with SAPauthors, FWLI
staff,FWRIstaff,andpartneragencies.
SpeciesspecificconservationprogresswillbereportedannuallythroughupdatestotheConservationAction
TablesthatcorrespondstoeachSpeciesActionPlan.TheConservationActionTableoutlineseachSAPaction,
leadsforimplementation,urgency,andestimatedcosttoimplement,amongotherthings.Updateswilldocu

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IMPLEMENTATION
mentthestatusofSAPconservationactions,provideinformationonanynewthreatsorchallenges,andhigh
lightareasforpartnerinvolvement.InadditiontoannuallyupdatingprogresstowardsSAPimplementation,
speciesspecificconservationwillbereportedthroughongoingoutreach.Thismayincludehighlightingcom
pletedorrecentlyinitiatedprojectsthroughFWCssocialmedia,pressreleases,orotherpublications.Again,
newly identified challenges, successes, and opportunities for involvement will be published. Efforts directed
toward individual species conservation are also provided annually to the Florida Legislature in the Florida
ThreatenedandEndangeredSpeciesConservationandManagementPlan progress reports.
Theintegratedconservationstrategiesaremultispeciesactionsgroupedforefficientimplementation.Insome
cases,achievingICSintegratedactionswillbemonitoredaspartofindividualSAPactionmonitoring.Theinte
gratedactionsarealsocapturedinthepriorityobjectives,andmonitoringtheseobjectiveswillprovidesome
ICSmonitoringaswell.SinceopportunitiesmayarisetoimplementadditionalICSsbeyondthosecapturedin
theISMPmeasurableobjectives,annualreportingwillincludeprogressonintegratedconservationstrategies
andintegratedactionsaspartoftheISMPportionoftheFloridaThreatenedandEndangeredSpeciesConser
vationandManagementReport.
Measurableobjectivesaresetfora10yeartimeframe,butprogressonobjectiveswillbemonitoredatfive
yearintervals.MeasurableobjectiveslinkbacktoICSandSAPactions,soprogresstowardsachievinggoalscan
beassessedyearly.Atthefiveyearreview,aStateoftheISMPreportwillprovideanupdateonprogress,as
wellasapreviewofanticipatedrevisions.
Review and revision

TheISMPwillbereviewedafterfiveyearsofimplementation,andprogressonmeasureableobjectivesevalu
ated.Reviewwillincludeinputfromstakeholdersandassessmentofexistingmeasurableobjectivesandwill
summarizeprogressonSAPsandICSs.Aspartoftheadaptiveprocess,priorityactionsmaybereassessed,or
additionalactionsadded,ifobjectiveswithatimeframelessthanfiveyearshavebeenmet.Emergingissues
mayalsoleadtoreevaluationofobjectives,andadjustmentstoprioritieswithinobjectives.Revisionofthe
ISMP is planned at 10 years because the longterm nature of achieving many of the strategies and actions
requires an extended window for implementation and,
therefore,evaluation.Forexample,fillingdatagapswill
requireresearchthatmaytakeseveralyearstocomplete
Revision milestones
foreachspecies.Stakeholderandpartnerinputwillbean
important part of the 10year revision, with both a
ISMP review: five years
statewideandregionalapproachforevaluatingsuccess
ISMP revision: 10 years
andidentifyingneededupdates.Duringtherevisionpro
Species Action Plan revision:
cess,SAPsalsowillbeupdatedasneeded,andpriorities
seven years, phased schedule
andmeasurableobjectiveswillbeassessed,andnewor
updated ones identified. The ICSs will be reviewed for
functional implementation, and regional assessments
willbeevaluatedasanimplementationtool.
Species Action Plan revision

TheSpeciesActionPlansarepartoftheISMPand,assuch,willundergoscheduledrevisions.Annualreporting
ofspeciesspecificconservationeffortswillallowstafftodetermine,basedonachievingtheSAPobjectives,
whenrevisionsarenecessary;however,ataminimum,SAPswillbereviewedwithinasevenyearwindow.The
longtermnatureofsomeactionsandthewidevarietyofactionsacrossSAPsmakesashorterrevisionwindow

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IMPLEMENTATION
impractical; however, waiting longer may miss opportunities to more accurately reflect species status with
knowledgegainedduringimplementation.Insomeinstances,ifemergingissuesorsignificantchangesdictate,
revisionandtheadditionofactionsmayneedtooccurwithinashortertimeframe,atthediscretionofspecies
expertsandtaxacoordinators.NotallSAPswillberevisedinthesameyear;staffwilldeveloparollingschedule.
Species of Special Concern reassessment

OneoftheobjectivesoftheISMPistocollectdataontheSpeciesofSpecialConcernandtoreassesstheir
statusby2017.Reevaluationofthesespecieswilloccurfollowingthesameprocessastheoriginalstatusre
view, with a Biological Review Group being convened to conduct the review of additional information and
prepareanupdatedbiologicalstatusreview.Followingpeerreviewofthebiologicalstatusreviewreport,the
Commissionwillmakeafinaldeterminationonwhetherlistingiswarranted,andFWCstaffwillhavesixmonths
tocompletetherevisedSAP.Oncerevised,theSAPandanyrulechangeswillgototheCommissionforap
proval. Onceapproved, Chapter 68A27, F.A.C., will be updated accordingly, with each reevaluated species
movedwithintheruletoeitherThreatenedstatusortotheindividualchapterorsectionfornonlistedspecies.
Aswithspeciescomingoffthelistintheinitialrulerevisions,SSCs,ifdelisted,mayhaveadditionalprotections
toensuretheirconservation.
Species Evaluation Requests

TheprocessandtimelinesoutlinedinRule68A27.0012,F.A.C.,guidestheconsiderationofrequestsforspecies
tobeaddedtoFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.Anyperson,orpersons,maysubmitaspecies
evaluation request to the Commission. If a species evaluation request is deemed complete and passes the
biologicalvulnerabilityscreening(alsodescribedinrule),thenaBiologicalStatusReviewwillbecompleted.If
listingiswarranted,aSAPwillbecompletedwithinoneyearofCommissionapprovaloftherecommended
listingstatus.ThespecieswillbeaddedtoRule68A27.003,F.A.C.,asstateThreatenedfollowingCommission
approvaloftheSAPandanyrevisedrulesforspeciesprotection.TheISMPobjectiveswillbeevaluatedand
staffdirectedtoincludeactionsfornewlyaddedspeciesintheirworkplans,asappropriate,andintheimple
mentationofthecurrentICSs.DuringtheISMPs10yearrevision,thespecieswillbefullyincorporatedinto
thedocument.
Aperson,orpersons,mayalsorequestthataThreatenedspeciesberemovedfromthestatesThreatenedlist.
ThisprocesswillagainfollowthatlaidoutinRule68A27.0012,F.A.C.,forspeciesevaluationrequestsand,if
delistingiswarranted,theSAPwillbeupdatedandthelistingstatuschangeduponCommissionapprovalof
therevisedSAPandanyrulesassociatedwiththechangeinstatus.Aswithotherdelistedspecies,additional
protectionstopreventrelistingmaybeincorporatedintorule.
Amendments to Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan

TheISMPwillhaveanonlineformatthatwillallowforamendmentsandadditions.Althoughformalrevisionis
plannedat10years,annualreviewofpoliciesandrulemakingmaytriggertheneedforchangesand/oraddi
tions.AnyneworamendedSpeciesActionPlans,rules,and/orSpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermitting
GuidelineswillbepresentedtotheCommissionannuallyforreviewandapproval;ifapproved,theywilltake
effectimmediatelyandbeavailableonlineaspartoftheISMPadditions.Theseadditionswillnotbeincorpo
ratedintotheISMPtextuntiltheplannedrevision,butwillbeanapprovedcomponentincorporatedintoim
plementation.

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ImpactsAssessment
ThissectionaddressestheanticipatedimpactsofimplementingornotimplementingFloridasImperiledSpe
ciesManagementPlan.Economicimpactsareassessedusinginformationprovidedbythepublicandagencies,
andthroughtheanalysisofknownandprojectedfactors.Ecologicalimpactsareassessedthroughevaluation
oftheintendedoutcome;considerationofanyunavoidable,unintendedoutcomes;andinformationcollected
frompreviouslyimplementedsimilaractions.Socialimpactsareoftenthemostdifficulttoproject,butinfor
mationfromexistingprograms,projects,andpreviouslyimplementedmanagementactionswillbeconsidered.
TheseimpactassessmentsareconductedbyFWCwiththeassistanceofadditionalprofessionaleconomistsin
accordancewiththedefinitionofManagementPlaninChapter68A27,F.A.C.,whichstates,Themanagement
planshallconsiderandevaluateanticipatedeconomic,ecological,andsocialimpactsofimplementingornot
implementingthemanagementplanincludingaprojectionofcostsofimplementingthemanagementplanand
identificationofthefundingsourcesforthecostsasdeterminedthroughinvolvementofaffectedstakeholders
andpublicinput.Moreover,specificchangestorulesintheFloridaAdministrativeCodemayresultinaneco
nomicimpact.Section120.54(3)(b),F.S.,requiresthatallneworchangedadministrativerulesundergoapro
cesstodeterminetheestimatedactionsregulatorycostsbycompletingaStatementofEstimatedRegulatory
Costs(SERC).Workingwithaprofessionaleconomist,FWCevaluatedthe33proposedrulechangesanddeter
minedthatonlyonewouldmeetthedollarthresholddefinedinSection120.54(3)(b),F.S.Table17listseach
ruleandthedeterminationregardingimpactsthatmayrequireaSERCtobecompleted.
Ecological impacts
Anticipatedecologicalimpactswereaddedasarequirementforstatemanagementplansinaccordancewith
Chapter68A27,F.A.C.,inparttoassessbenefitstohumansandotherwildliferesultingfrommanagement
planimplementation.Someimperiledspeciesaresentinelsforenvironmentalhealth,andactionsthatbenefit
themarelikelytobenefitotherspecies. Measuresimplementedtoprotectonespecies,however,maynot
necessarilyprotectallspeciesorallhabitatswithinanecosystem,andsomemeasuresmayactuallyharmother
taxa.Theseimpactsareimportantconsiderationsduringtheecologicalassessment.
Potential positive impacts

EachspeciesaddressedintheISMPplaysaroleinitsuniqueenvironment.Forsome,interconnectednessis
observable:theFloridamouse,gopherfrog,andFloridapinesnake,forexample,allinhabit,andareatleast
partially dependent upon, gopher tortoise burrows. Conservation actions designed to benefit one of these
speciesarelikelytopositivelyimpacteachofthem.Increaseduseofprescribedfireacrossthelandscapeisthe
focusofmanySpeciesActionPlanactionsandisanintegratedconservationstrategy;byimplementingthis
strategy,manyspeciesinfiremaintainedhabitatswillbenefit.Creatingneworrestoringexistingwetlandsis
likelytobenefitmanywadingbirdsandamphibiansliketheFloridabogfrogandgopherfrog.Statelawrequires
thewatermanagementdistricts to establish andmaintain minimum flows and levels (Chapter 373, F.S.).A
minimumflowisthelimitatwhichfurtherwithdrawalswouldbesignificantlyharmfultothewaterresources
orecologyofthearea(Section373.042(1),F.S.).Incoastalareas,flowsbelowtheminimumflowsandlevels
candepriveestuariesofimportantfreshwaterinflowsnecessaryforhealthyhabitatandcancausesaltwater
intrusionintotheaquifer.TheFWChasprovidedinputinthedevelopmentoftheseminimumflowsandlevels

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
forspringsandriverswherestatelistedspeciesoccur.Conservationofspringandriparianhabitatscanpre
servethenaturalresourcesofestuariesandadjacentwetlandecosystems.Theimportanceofmanyimperiled
speciestotheecologicalwelfareofupland,wetland,andaquatichabitatsinFloridashouldnotbeunderesti
mated.
TheFWChasalsobeenactiveindevelopingprogramstoreduceentanglementwithmarinedebrisandfishing
line.Entanglementinfishinggear(hooksandmonofilamentorfishingline)isasignificantsourceofmortality
ofbrownpelicans(SchreiberandMock1988)andhundredsoffish,birds,andterrestrialanimalsinFloridaare
entangledinmonofilamenteveryyear.Wildlifecaningestmonofilamentorbecometangledinit,leadingto
drowning,starvation,infection,gastrointestinalproblems,orlossoflimbs(e.g.,flippers,tails,wings).Stafffrom
FWCworkswithvariousorganizationstoreduceentanglementsinfishinggearthroughoutreach,research,
gearrecovery,andgearmodifications.Decreasingmonofilamentwasteprotectsmanyorganismsandmakes
humanrecreationsaferandmoreenjoyable.
Potential negative impacts

Many wildlife species require some type of habitat management, whether done with natural or manmade
tools.Forexample,impactstogophertortoiseburrowsduringrelocationmayhavenegativeeffectsonother
dependentspecies,suchastheFloridamouse,becausethesespeciesmaybemoredifficulttofind.Mowingor
rollerchoppinginareaswhereprescribedfireisdifficulttousemaybenefitsomespecies,butcouldadversely
affectsandswimmerssuchasfederallylistedsandskinks(Neosepsreynoldsi)andbluetailedmoleskinks
(Eumecesegregiouslividus).IncaseswhereanotherThreatenedspeciesmaybeadverselyaffectedbymanip
ulationofhabitat,decisionswillneedtobemadeonaspeciesandsitespecificbasis.Forexample,whilefire
isapowerfulrestorativetoolcriticaltothehealthofsomenaturalcommunities,somespeciesmaybeatrisk
fromprescribedfire,especiallyifappliedduringkeylifecyclephases.Thesepotentialimpactsshouldbecare
fullyconsidered,andmanagementadaptedaccordingly.Wheneverhighlyimperiledspecies(especiallythose
restrictedbygeographyorhabitat)coexist,landmanagersshouldprioritizetheneedsofthosespeciesfacing
higherriskofextinction.
Social impacts
AlthoughnostudieshavebeenconductedtoevaluatesocialimpactsoftheISMPsimplementation,weantici
patethatconservationactionsassociatedwiththosespeciesthataremorevisibleandcharismaticwillresult
ingreatersocialimpactthanactionsassociatedwithcryptic,lesserknownspecies.Foxsquirrelsandburrowing
owls,forexample,areeasilyrecognizablespecies,andwheretheyinhabiturbanareastheytypicallyexudea
hightoleranceforhumanpresence.ImplementationofthecomponentsoftheISMPthataredesignedtoben
efitthesespeciesmaythushaveincreasedsocialimpacts.ParkerandWang(1996)interviewed879Florida
residentswhowereatleast18yearsoldandfoundthatmorethan90percentoftherespondentsfeltthatlaws
protectingendangeredspecieswereveryorsomewhatimportant,particularlyforlargecharismaticspecies
likethemanatee.TheSantaFecavecrayfish,conversely,inhabitsaverysmallareainarelativelyruralpartof
Floridaandisrestrictedtoundergroundaquaticcaves.Aswithotherlesserknownspecies,thesocialimpacts
associatedwithconservationactionsdesignedtobenefitthisspeciesareanticipatedtobeminimal.
Itisimportanttonote,however,thatimplementingactionswhichimprovewaterorhabitatqualityareoften
perceivedaspositiveandmaycarryincreasedpositivesocialimpactsduetothepotentialbenefittohumans
andotherspecies.Forexample,reducedfuelloadsresultingfromprescribedfirebenefitpeoplebyreducing
thepossibilityofwildfire.Restoredwetlandsproviderechargesitesfortheaquifersandcanabsorbhighlevels

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
ofrainfall,reducingfloodinginnearbycommunities.
Actionsfocusingoneducationrelatedtospecificbehaviorsmayalsohaveasocialimpact.Forexample,Inte
gratedConservationStrategy13promotestheconceptofconservationstewardship,withaspecificactionto
increasecitizenparticipationinreportingspecieslocations.Thedatacanbenefitconservationefforts,butre
sponsetodocumentingimperiledspeciescouldvary.Somecitizensmaybeupsetbytheideathattheirneigh
borscouldreportimperiledspeciesonadjacentproperties,whileothersmayfeelpositivelyandbemorelikely
tobecomeengagedinconservationofthosespecies.Whendeveloped,campaignsthatencouragecommuni
tiestoadoptawildlifewiseapproachmaysuggestkeepingcatsindoorsorlimitingdogsonbeachestospecific
locations,actionsthatmighthaveanimpactonindividualsperceivedfreedomtomanagetheirpetsandrec
reateastheyseefit.Socialimpactsmayalsoresultfromtheeffectsofincidentalorintentionaltakepermitting
ondevelopmentsorfacilities,limitinganticipatedadverseimpactstostatelistedspecies.Thesecanhavea
negativeimpactondevelopersandtheprojectstheyworkon.Incontrast,theireffectmightbepositivefor
thoseresidentsandcitizensofanareawhoareopposedtonewdevelopmentsintheirneighborhoodsbecause
oftheresulttheymayhaveontheircurrentqualityoflife.Theeffectsmayalsoimpacttheplacementofpublic
facilities,affectingtheavailabilityofpublicaccesstorecreationareasorwaterbodies.
Economic impacts
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanisintendedtobenefitthecitizensofFloridaandmayresultin
measurableeconomicbenefits,suchasfinancialgainstowildlifedependentbusinessesortherestorationof
diminishedecologicalservices.However,theprogrammayalsoentailcosts,includingagencyadministrative
andmanagementrelatedexpensesandmayalsoimpactprivatebusinessesandothereconomicinterests.Pol
icymakerswithinFWCmustconsiderboththemarginalimprovements(benefits)andmarginalcostsoftheir
proposedactionaspartoftheirpolicyevaluation.
Intheir2011analysisoftheeconomicbenefitsofwildlifeviewinginFlorida,SouthwickAssociates(2013)found
thatthetotaleconomiceffectfrom2011wildlifeviewingactivitiesinFloridarangedfrom$2.7billionupwards
to$4.9billion($2.9billionbyresidentsandnearly$2.0billionbynonresidents).Travelexpensesalonegener
ated$2.7billionintotaleconomiceffectsand44,623jobswerecreated(Southwick2013).Floridawasthe
numberonestatein2011fortotaldaysofwildlifeviewingbynonresidentvisitors,accordingtotheUSFWS
(USFWS2014).Ofthosecomingtoviewwildlife,mostresidentandnonresidentviewerswereinterestedin
observing,feeding,orphotographingbirds,predominatelyshorebirds,wadingbirds,andwaterfowl(Southwick
2013).ManyofthespeciesaddressedbythisplancontributesignificantlytowildlifeviewinginFlorida.

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Table 14. Examples of stakeholders and interest categories.
Interest in imperiled
species management
Examples of interested
stakeholders
Agriculture
Forestryproduction,silviculture,livestockandcropproduction
Primaryindustry
Manufacturing,serviceindustries,andmining
Localgovernmentagencies
DefendersofWildlife,ConservancyofSouthwestFlorida,
AudubonFlorida,SierraClub,TheNatureConservancy,Florida
WildlifeFederation,FloridaNativePlantSociety
FloridaChamberofCommerce,FloridaHomebuilders
Association
County,city,municipalgovernments
Researchandacademic
Universityandprivateresearchers
Commercialservice
Consultantsprovidingwildlifeservices
Privatelandowners
Ranchers,homeowners,privatedevelopers
Military,federal,orstatelandmanagers
U.S.FishandWildlifeService,U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,
U.S.ForestService,FloridaForestService,FloridaDepartment
ofEnvironmentalProtection,EglinAirForceBase,Water
ManagementDistricts
Stategovernmentagencies
DepartmentofTransportation,DepartmentofAgriculturaland
ConsumerServices,EnterpriseFlorida
Generalpublic
Individuals,neighborhoodassociations,concernedcitizens
Recreationalinterests
Animalwelfare
Anglers,hunters,boaters,andwildlifeviewers
HumaneSocietyoftheU.S.,ASPCA
Conservationorganizations
Landdevelopment
Costs associated with implementing the plan

ThedirectcoststoFWCwereestimatedthroughaninternalFWCbudgetreviewofallanticipatedlaborand
capitalcostsrelatedtoimplementingtheISMP.Likewise,FWCestimatedanyanticipatedredirectionofexisting
laborandcapitalassetsandreportedtheseasagencyopportunitycosts.
Instatefiscalyear20132014,theFloridaLegislatureapprovedanappropriationof$443,036toimprovethe
CommissionsabilitytomanageandconserveFloridasThreatenedandnongamefishandwildlifespecies,with
agoalofreducingFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesList.Ofthisappropriation,$136,128wascon
sideredstartupcostsandnonrecurring.Thesefundsprovidedtheabilitytocontractwithuniversitiesandpri
vatefirms;hireOtherPersonalServicesstaff;andpurchasesupplies,equipment,andvehiclestoachievethe
following.
1. DevelopandimplementmanagementplansthatwillresultineffectivemanagementofstateThreat
enedspecies,removalofspeciesfromthestateThreatenedandSpeciesofSpecialConcernlists,and
preventionofnewlistings.
2. Developandimplementresearchandmonitoringprogramstodeterminethestatusofwildlifepopu
lationsthatarestateThreatenedorindangerofbecomingstateThreatenedanddevelopeffective
managementactionstoensuretheirrecoveryandconservation.
3. Implementconservationactions,suchashabitatmanagement,populationmanagement,andprovid
inglandownerincentives,whichwillresultintherecoveryandconservationofthesespecies.

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Anadditional$798,675infederalgrantfundingfromtheStateWildlifeGrantprogramwassecuredandpro
videdfiveyearsoffundingtosupportthedevelopmentandinitialimplementationoftheISMP(throughJune
30,2016).Overthenextfiveyears,additionalgrantfundingwillbesoughttoensurethatthegoal,objectives,
and conservation actions of the ISMP are achieved. These efforts will entail an indeterminate sum of FWC
matchingfundsandtimecommitmentsforwritinggrantproposals,estimatedtobe$111,000.Thetotalfunds
neededfromgrants,excludingtheFWCrequestforproposalopportunitycosts,isestimatedtobe$4,085,000.
Consideredopportunitycosts,thesefundsareonlyavailableforworktiedtoISMPimplementation.Examples
offundingsourcesthatcouldbesoughtincludetheStateWildlifeGrantprogramadministeredbyFWC,oneor
moreoftheNationalFishandWildlifeFoundationgrantprograms,theFishandWildlifeFoundationofFloridas
ConserveWildlifeTaggrant,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServicesSection6ConservationGrants,HabitatConser
vationPlanninggrant,orsimilaractivity(seefullSERC[EnvironmentalEconomics,Inc.2016])foradditional
detail).Intotal,theseactionsrepresentanagencyopportunitycostofapproximately$5.5millionoverfive
years,or$1.1millionannually.Currently,FWCspendsapproximately$28milliondollarsannuallyonconserva
tionandmanagementforstateandfederallylistedspecies,soISMPspecificchangesarelessthan1%ofthe
existingbudgetforlistedspecies.Otherpublicagencies(federal,stateandlocal)areexpectedtoincuraddi
tionalexpensesrelatedtotheenforcementoftheISMP,totaling$1.5millionannually.
InadditiontotheinitialstartupcostsfortheISMP,FWCwillredirectfundsfromotherpurposestoassistinits
implementation.Toestimatetheserecurringcosts,theagencyconductedaninhousereviewofitsanticipated
changesinmarginalcoststobothlaborandcapitalintheformofconservationactions.Conservationactions
willservetoachievetheobjectivesandactionsoutlinedintheintegratedconservationstrategiesandSpecies
ActionPlans.Theseactionsarebestaccomplishedbyapplyinganadaptivemanagementapproachthatallows
foreasyadjustmentstopolicies,guidelines,andtechniquesbasedonobservedconservationbenefits.Intotal,
whencombinedwithfundsallocatedtosupportnewgrants,FWCanticipatesredirectingatleast$2.6million
inresourcestosupporttheISMPoverthenext10years.Thisisameasureoftheindirectagencycoststhat
wouldbecommittedtothiseffortandnotavailableforotherFWCfunctions.
A Framework to evaluate the economics of the ISMP and the Statement of Estimated
Regulatory Cost
FloridasImperiledSpeciesManagementPlanisintendedtobenefitthecitizensofFloridaandmayresultin
measurableeconomicbenefits,suchasfinancialgainstowildlifedependentbusinessesortherestorationof
diminishedecologicalservices.However,theprogrammayalsoentailcosts,includingagencyadministrative
andmanagementrelatedexpensesandmayalsoimpactprivatebusinessesandothereconomicinterests.On
eithersideoftheledger,policymakersshouldconsiderboththemarginalbenefits(improvements)andmar
ginalcostsoftheirproposedactionaspartoftheirpolicyevaluation.Marginalbenefitreferstotheamount
peoplearewillingtopayorgiveinordertoobtainadditionalgoodsorservices. Marginalcostsarethosecosts
associatedwithproducingadditionalunitsofgoodsorservices.Thisanalysiswillfocusonthemarginalcosts
associated with protecting or managing species, those costs that go beyond existing costs related to these
species.
Withgoodrecordkeeping,manyhistoriccostdataforagenciesarerelativelyeasytodocument.Eventhough
findingcostdataforprivateconcernsmayentailextensivesurveysandcomplexanalysestoreliablydocument,
theyaretypicallyobtainable.Ontheotherhand,estimatingtheeconomicbenefitsofmarginalimprovement
inecologicalservicesismoreproblematic.Firstofall,itisdifficulttoidentifyandtieanecosystemscomponent
servicestohumanvalues.Eveniftheseservicesareimportanttohumans,iftheylackclearmarketsitmaybe
evenmoredifficulttoassignthemmonetaryvalue.Yet,inspiteofthesedifficultiestheeconomictheoryand

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
methodologytosupporttheeffortiswellestablishedandwidelycitedintheliterature.
Regulatory cost is formally addressed in Chapter 68A27, F.A.C., when it states, [t]he management plan
shallconsiderandevaluateanticipatedeconomic,ecologicalandsocialimpactsofimplementing,ornotim
plementingthemanagementplanincludingaprojectionofcostsofimplementingthemanagementplanand
identificationofthefundingsourcesforthecostasdeterminedthroughinvolvementofaffectedstakeholders
andpublicinput.Furthermore,Section120.54(3)(b),F.S.,encouragesallneworchangedadministrativerules
undergo a process to determine the estimated actions regulatory costs, and in some circumstances this is
requiredwiththecompletionofaSERC.Therearenocommensuratestatutoryrequirementsforaddressing
marginalbenefits;consequently,mosteconomicanalysesfocusexclusivelyonchangesinmarginalcosts.
TheISMPisanew,comprehensiveconservationapproachandthusthereislittlehistoricaldatauponwhichto
projectfuturecostestimates.Giventhis,morepreciseestimatesofcosttoimplementwillbeincorporatedas
partoftheISMPsfiveyearformalreview.
Background - benefits and costs: a taxonomy

Tohelpclarifyinterpretationoftheeconomicsandcostsvs.benefits,asimpletaxonomymaybehelpful.
Costs
CostsassociatedwiththeISMPcanbedefinedassimplytheamountpaidorchargedforsomething,ortheloss
resultingfromanaction.Costscanbefurtherrefinedintoseveralsubcategories.Thefundspaiddirectlyfora
project(oraction)canbetermeddirectcostsandincludealldirectexpenditures.However,mostprojectsalso
involvecostsand/orlossesthatarelessobvious;thesecanbeconsideredindirectcosts.Someofthemore
importantindirectcostsincludethecostsorlossesthatresultbyforegoinganotheractionorchoice(oppor
tunitycost),ameasureoftherippleeffectofredirectedcoststhroughaneconomy(economicimpacts),and
perhapsthemostunderrepresentedofallcosts,negativeexternalities.Inthecaseofnegativeexternalities,
these are costs (losses) incurred by third parties not directly related to the project and can include both
measureablelossesandnonmeasureablelosses,suchaslostecologicalservices.Anexampleofthiscouldbe
the lost realestate value suffered by homeowners adjacent to a noisy new airport or reduced biodiversity
resultingfromexcessiveuseofpesticides.
Likeanypublicproject,theISMPentailscostsofalltypes.Directcostsareratherobviousandeasilymeasured.
Lessobvious,butnonethelessimportant,areopportunitycosts.Theseincludethecostofredirectinglaborand
fundsfromotherusefulactivitiestosupporttheISMP.Otherindirectcosts,includingtheeconomicimpactsof
redirectingfundsandanynegativeexternalities,areevenmoreobscure,butstillworthacknowledgingwhen
present.Theyincludetheoveralleffectsontheeconomyatlargebyredirectingfundsfromonebusinesssector
toanother(economicimpact)andanypossibleexternalitysufferedbyunwittingthirdparties.
Notallcostsareeasilymeasurable.Inmanycasesnegativeexternalitiesarepoorlyunderstood,andwhenthey
involvenonmarketablegoodsand/orservices,itisdifficulttoplaceamonetaryvalueontheireffect.Onthe
otherhand,otherindirectcostsarereadilymeasurableandshouldbeincludedwithinabenefit/costanalysis
(BCA)orSERC.Theopportunitycostsaccruedbyanagencywhenitredirectslaborandcapitalisoftensimple
todocumentandshouldbemeasuredwheneverpossible.Tohelpguidethiseffort,Table15groupsthebasic
typesofcostsandtheirtypicalavailability.Thiscanbeviewedastheguidingtaxonomyorframeworkforcon
ductingeitheraBCAorSERC.Thetaxonomyallowsforthesystematicaccountingforallcostsandhelpspolicy
makersidentifyboththestrengthsandshortcomingsintheirfinalreport.

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Table 15. Taxonomy of possible costs (C) resulting from ISMP implementation.
I. Program development and implementation

Costs
II. Indirect Costs from the program (almost never

considered)
1.DirectCosts
i.Directlybudgetedagency
expendituresmadefortheprogram
ii.Directcoststooutsidefirmsand
otherpublicagencies
2.OpportunityCosts(notdirectlyidentifiedin
programbudget)
i.Agencycostsinredirectedlaborand
capital
ii.Outsideofagencycostsinlaborand
capital
1.Economicimpactfromsuccessfullyimplementing
theprogram:negativeimpactsonbusinesssectors
impactoneconomicgrowth(grossdomestic
product)
2.Negativeexternalitiesfromsuccessfully
implementingtheprogram:indirectcosts
i.Lostusevalue(directly
measureable)
ii.Lostnonusevalue(indirectly
measurable)
Table15Summary:
CI.1ISMPdirectcostsboth
CI.1.iwithinFWC,and
CI.1.iioutsideFWC
CI.2ISMPopportunitycostsboth
CI.2.iwithinFWC,and
CI.2.iioutsideFWC
CII.1EconomicimpactofredirectingfundsamongsectorsoftheeconomyfromasuccessfulISMP
CII.2NegativeexternalitiesNonmarketvalueoftheopportunitycostoflostecologicalservicesfroma
successfulISMP
CII.2.iLostusevalue
CII.2.iiLostnonusevalue
Benefits
ThebenefitsresultingfromtheISMPareoftenreferredtoastheconsumerssurplusorthevaluegenerated
bythisgoodorservicetoitsuser(s).Thiswouldrepresentthevalueimperiledspeciesprovidetopeoplewho
valuetheseanimalsand/ortheirassociatedhabitat.Whenthegoodorserviceisprivatelyproduceditiscon
sideredprivateprofit.Inthecaseofmost(ifnotall)imperiledspecies,noprofitsaregeneratedtotheregula
toryagencyandthesebenefitsarecapturedbytheconsumersofbenefitsassociatedwiththeISMP.Muchlike
costs,benefitscanbevaluedbothdirectlyandindirectly.Inthecaseofdirectbenefits,thereareanalytical
procedurestomeasuretheimpactofthesebenefitsandtheirrippleeffectthroughaneconomy.Inthecaseof
theISMP,thesebenefitswouldincludeimprovementstoaneconomyresultingfromimplementationofthe
ISMPandrestorationofoneormoreimperiledspecies.Therearealsoindirectbenefitsthattypicallylackmar
ketvalue.Inthiscasethesebenefitswouldincludeitemssuchasimprovedecologicalservicesandothernon
market amenities such as improved wildlife viewing and hunting, for example. Anticipated benefits of the
ISMPsimplementationareoutlinedinTable16.
ReportingbenefitsresultingfromtheISMPisnotrequiredbytheSERC;however,theyarenecessarytocom
pleteanyBCAandusefultoassistpolicymakerstoseeamorecompletepictureoftheirpolicydecisions.

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Table 16. Taxonomy of possible benefits (B) of ISMP implementation.
I. Direct project Benefits
II. Indirect Benefits
1.Added,improvedorrestoredmarketable
goods/services
1.Added,improvedorrestorednonmarketable
goods/services
i.Directeffects($)
i.Usevalue(Directlymeasureable)
ii.Positiveimpactoneconomy
ii.Nonusevalue(Indirectly
measureable)
Table16Summary:
BI.1Directprojectbenefits
BI.1.iDirecteconomiceffectsdirectlymeasureableeconomicbenefitsaccruingtoprivatefirmsand/or
peopleasaresultoftheISMP
BI.1.iiPositiveeconomicimpactoneconomytheindirectandinducedeconomicaffectsalsoknownas
theeconomicrippleeffectsresultingfromtheactionsinBI.1.i
BII.1Indirectprojectbenefits
BII.1.iGainedusevaluevaluegainedbypeoplewhousetheresourcebenefitedbytheprojectno
actualtransferofmoney
BII.1.iiGainednonusevaluevaluegainedbypeoplewhodonotdirectlyusetheresourcebenefitedby
theprojectnoactualtransferofmoney
Statement of Estimated Regulatory Costs

InFlorida,StatementofEstimatedRegulatoryCostsrequirementsarelimitedtodocumentingtheincremental
changesincosts.Asaresult,aSERCwillonlytrackactualdirectandindirectcosts.Morespecifically,thecriteria
establishedbytheSERCasprescribedbySection120.54(3)(b),F.S.,wouldlimitcostitemstoCI.1,CI.2,andCII.1
inTable15.
Bystatute,theSERCmustadheretothefollowingformat.
Aneconomicanalysisshowingwhethertheregulatoryactiondirectlyorindirectly(CII.1)
- Hasanadverseimpactoneconomicgrowth.
- Hasanadverseimpactonprivatesectorjobcreationoremployment.
- Hasanadverseimpactonprivatesectorinvestmentinexcessof$1millionintheaggregatewithin
fiveyearsafterimplementationoftherule
- Hasanadverseimpactonbusinesscompetitiveness,includingtheabilityofpersonsdoingbusi
nessinthestatetocompetewithpersonsdoingbusinessinotherstatesordomesticmarkets,
productivity,orinnovationinexcessof$1millionintheaggregatewithinfiveyearsaftertheim
plementationoftherule(CII.1).
- Islikelytoincreaseregulatorycosts,includinganytransactionalcosts,inexcessof$1millionin
theaggregatewithinfiveyearsaftertheimplementationoftherule(CI.1,CI.2).
Agoodfaithestimateofthenumberofindividualsandentitieslikelytoberequiredtocomplywith
therule,togetherwithadescriptionofthetypesofindividualslikelytobeaffectedbytherule(CI.2).
Agoodfaithestimateofthecosttotheagency,andtoanyotherstateandlocalgovernmententities
ofimplementingandenforcingtheproposedrule(CI.1,CI.2).
Estimateofanyanticipatedeffectonstateorlocalrevenues(CII.1).

157
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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Agoodfaithestimateofthetransactionalcostslikelytobeincurredbyindividualsandentities,includ
inglocalgovernmententities,requiredtocomplywiththerequirementsoftherule.Asusedinthis
sectiontransactionalcostsarethedirectcoststhatarereadilyascertainablebasedonstandardbusi
nesspracticesandincludefilingfees,thecostofobtainingalicense,thecostofequipmentrequired
tobeinstalledorusedorproceduresrequiredtobeemployedincomplyingwiththerule,additional
operatingcostsincurred,thecostsofmonitoringandreporting,andanyothercostsnecessarytocom
plywiththerule(CI.1,CI.2).
AnanalysisoftheimpactonsmallbusinessesasdefinedbySection288.703,F.S.,andananalysisof
theimpactonsmallcountiesasdefinedinSection120.52,F.S.Theimpactanalysisforsmallbusiness
mustincludethebasisfortheagencysdecisionnottoimplementalternativesthatwouldreducead
verseimpactsonsmallbusinesses(C.II.1).
Anyadditionalinformationthattheagencydeterminesmaybeuseful.
BiologicalstafffromFWCandaneconomistfromFloridaAgricultureandMechanicalUniversityreviewedthe
proposedFloridaAdministrativeCoderulechangeslistedinTable5todeterminewhichwouldlikelytriggeran
economiccostof$1millionoverfiveyears(or$200,000annually).Asummaryofthisreviewcanbefoundin
Table 17, and the full SERC (Environmental Economics, Inc. 2016) is available for review. For rule changes
thoughtlikelytomeettheimpactsthresholdasdefinedinSection120.54(3)(b),F.S.,amoredetailedanalysis
wascompleted.
Overthepast5years,only25permitswereprocessedforincidentaltakeofthestatelistedspeciesincluded
intheISMP.Examplesofthemitigationprovidedbythesetypesofprojectsvariedfromestablishmentofcon
servationeasements,landacquisition,monetarydonations,andadditionofnestboxestomakehabitatmore
suitable.Nineofthe25providednomitigationduetothestatusofthespeciesorthetypeofpermitthatwas
beingissuedforhumansafetyreasons.EconomicanalyseswillbeconductedforeachSpeciesConservation
MeasuresandPermittingGuidelinesastheyaredeveloped,andtheguidelineswillcontinuetoseektouse
existingprocessestolimitadditionalregulatoryimpacts.Theresultsoftheseanalyseswillbemonitoredby
FWCtodetermine alternatives andways to reduce costs by looking for new approaches topermittingand
optionsthatstreamlinethepermittingprocess.Itisexpectedthatmostoftheeconomiclossexperiencedby
thesesectorswillbecapturedbyothersectorswithinthestateseconomywithlittletonooveralladverse
economicimpact.
TheproposedrevisionstotheRule68A27.003,F.A.C.,willnotrestricttheabilityofFloridabusinessestocom
peteinotherstatesordomesticmarkets.ChangesinregulatoryandtransactionalcostsforpermittingofISMP
relatedspecieswereundeterminedatthetimeofthisreport.However,theefficienciesgainedwilllikelyoffset
thepotentialcostsasdescribedabove.
Becausemostofthespeciesproposedforlistingareeitherrangelimitedorcryptic,onlyoneproposedrule
change,inparagraph68A27.003(2)(e),wasdeterminedlikelytowarrantaformalSERC;theotherswerecon
sideredunlikelytoincreasemarginalcoststothestatutorilysignificantlevel(seeTable17).Withinthispro
posedrulechange,threegroupsofspeciesaretobeaddedtoFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpecies
ListunderRule68A27.003,F.A.C.,whichmayresultinaneconomicimpactmorethan$1millionoverfive
years(or$200,000annually)asdefinedinSection120.54(3)(b),F.S.Followingstatutoryprotocol,FWCworked
withaneconomisttoconductapreliminarySERCtoestimateboththedirectandopportunitycostsassociated
withthisproposedrulechange.
TheISMPcovers37Threatenedspecies;14ofthesearealreadyincludedasThreatened,while23werefor
merlySpeciesofSpecialConcernthat,whenevaluatedin2010,werefoundtomeetthecriteriaforThreatened

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
status.Formanycitizens,increasingprotectionsfor23speciesinthestatemaycausesomeconcern;however,
thespecificimpactsofthesestatuschangesneedtobeconsideredonaspeciesbyspeciesbasis.
Fourteenofthe23specieswithincreasingprotectionsarefoundonlyinasmallportionofthestatewithlimited
economic,social,orecologicalimpactsfromastatewideperspective.Theserangelimitedspeciesincludethe
BarboursMapturtle,aspeciesconfinedtofourwatershedsinthepanhandle.Thisturtleoccupiesriversdes
ignatedasOutstandingFloridaWaterways,forwhichDEPhastheauthoritytoestablishrulesthatprovidefor
thespecialcategoryofwaterbodiesunderSection403.061(27),F.S.,andadditionalconsiderationsforactivi
ties,construction,ordischargesmustbeconsidered.ForspeciesliketheSantaFecavecrayfish,arangelimited
speciesfoundinonlysixcavesintwocountiesinnorthcentralFlorida,weanticipatenegligiblecostsforthe
changeinlistingstatus.Whilethechangeinstatusmayimpacttheprivateownersoffourofthecaves,or
farmingactivitiesinthevicinityofthecaves,conservationmeasurestoprotectthisspeciesarealreadycovered
underagriculturalBMPs,andSection810.13,F.S.,prohibitsdumpingmaterialsintocaves.
FourofthespeciesfallunderthepolicyforPermittingStandardsforIncidentalTakeofCrypticSpecies,which
outlinestheimportanceofseekinginformationonspeciestomeetthedefinitionofscientificbenefit.These
includespeciesliketheFloridapinesnake,Georgiablindsalamander,Shermansshorttailedshrew,andFlorida
Keysmoleskink.FortheFloridaKeysmoleskink,whichisconfinedtoMonroeCounty,changestothelisting
statuswillnothavenegativeeconomicimpactsbecauseverifiedsightinginformationandassociatedhabitat
characteristicscanconstituteascientificbenefitforapplicantsinterestedinacquiringanincidentaltakepermit.
FourteenofthespeciesareincludedbythewatermanagementdistrictsandDEPaswetlanddependent;for
thesespecies,theISMPproposesanew,streamlinedapproachtoconsiderregulatoryprocessesthataddress
wetlands and incorporate protections for statelisted species. If the permits issued by other agencies ade
quatelyaddressFWCrequirementsforissuingalistedspeciestakepermit,thentheseregulatoryprocesses
canfulfilltherequirementsofChapter68A27,F.A.C.,withminimaladditionalapplicationprocess.TheISMP
andspeciesspecificGuidelinesallowexistingstateprocessesforwetlandpermittingtoaddresstakewithmin
imal additional mitigation costs. In order to create additional efficiencies, FWC is working with other state
agencies,andmuchofthemitigationthatisrequiredforthesewetlandhabitatsmayalreadybecreatingcon
servationgainsforwetlanddependentspecies.AnanalysisbyeconomistsHazenandSawyer(2016)foundthat
thedraftpermittingguidelinesfortheEvergladesmink,whichincludesthispolicytoallowstatewetlandper
mittingtoaddressmitigation,resultedinnoincreasedregulatorycostsforthatspecies.Considerationofthese
otherregulatoryprocesseswhenaddressingtakeofstatelistedspeciesisamongtheapproachespresentedin
the Law and Policy chapter. These include species such as Marians marsh wren, Scotts seaside sparrow,
Wakullaseasidesparrow,andWorthingtonsmarshwren(collectivelyreferredtoasthesaltmarshsongbirds);
saltmarsh top minnow; and southern tessellated darter. The saltmarsh songbirds are dependent on salt
marshesdominatedbysmoothcordgrass(Spartinaalterniflora)andblackneedlerush(Juncusroemerianus),
muchofwhichisunderpublicownershiporregulatedbyDEP.Reviewofthelastfiveyearsofpermittingand
commentingdatafoundthatFWCwasaskedtocommentonapproximately2,600projectswiththepotential
toimpactwildlifestatewide,andofthoseprojectsnearly40%werewetlandrelated;potentialimpactstowild
lifewereidentifiedinlessthanhalfofthese(1,121projects),and27%ofthoseprojectswerewetlandpermit
tingprojects,leadingustobelievethatatleastaquarterofallprojectswillhaveincreasedefficienciesfrom
therulechanges.
Mostoftheproposedrulesthatremoveregulationorsimplyclarifyrulelanguagewillnotresultinaneconomic
impacttoFloridians.Table17summarizesthesepotentialconsiderationsforassessingimpactsofchangesin
listingstatusandTable18summarizesthefactorsthatwereconsideredintheassessmentofpotentialcosts
associatedwithrulechangesfromRule68A27.003,F.A.C.

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159
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Somerulechangesreduceoreliminateregulation,providingpotentialbenefitstosomeFloridacitizens.The
additionofasectiontoRule68A16.003,F.A.C,whichallowstakeofinactivenestsofbirdsnotlistedasstate
Threatened,willalignthatrulewiththepolicyonNestRemovalforInactiveSingleUseNestsofStateThreat
enedBirds,andeliminatetherequirementforpermitstoremovetheseinactivenests.TheFWCsOspreyNest
RemovalGuidelineswillbeupdatedaspartofimplementingassociatedpolicies.Anotherchangewithinthe
rulestructureistoallowmanagementplansorpermittingguidelinestoprovideauthorizationsforcertainac
tivities.Theseauthorizationsareinlieuofanypermittingneeds,andshouldstreamlineregulationassociated
withsomeactionsthatalsobenefithumansafety,suchasrightofwaymaintenancethatimprovessightlines
andsignvisibilityfordriversinareasoccupiedbyimperiledspecies.Andfinally,byaddinghumansafetyasa
potentialreasonforissuingintentionaltakepermits,FWCcanincreasecapacitytorespondeffectivelytositu
ationswherestateThreatenedspeciesandhumansafetyareinconflict.
Eightspecieswithincreasingprotectionshavebeenpetitionedforfederallisting.Theseincludethereddish
egret,SanibelIslandricerat,Shermansshorttailedshrew,andKeyringnecksnake.Thoughincreasingstate
regulationsmayhavesomecosttothecitizensofFlorida,developmentandimplementationoftheISMPmay
helpprecludefederallisting,whichmaybeacostsavingstothepublic.Asof2016,19speciesincludedinthis
planhavebeenpetitionedforfederallistingwiththeUSFWS.Beforerecommendingfinallistingactions,USFWS
canconsidertheregulatoryapproachesandconservationactionsoutlinedinthisplanandtheindividualSpe
ciesActionPlans,andthesedocumentsmayhelptoprecludefederallisting.Costsassociatedwithregulatory
actionsforfederallylistedspeciesaretypicallymuchhigherthanthoseassociatedwithstatelistedspecies,so
precludingfederallistingwouldbeabenefittothecitizensofFlorida.From19892010,stateandfederalagen
ciesspentanaverageofover$631millionperyearonlistedspecies(SurridgeandLi2014).Despitethisex
penditure,SurridgeandLi(2014)foundthatonly48percentoflistedspecieshavebeenreportedasstableor
improvinginthelongterm,highlightingtheneedtotakeactiontoprecludelistingandtoprioritizeactionsthat
couldreallocatefundingforatriskspecies.AnanalysisconductedbytheBalmoralGroupprojectedthatthe
totalcostsassociatedwithavoidance,minimization,andmitigationforthewoodstork(Mycteriaamericana)
cametoanannualtotalof$2,593,810(BalmoralGroup2016).
ForsomespeciesthatareremainingstateThreatened,SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuide
lineshavebeendraftedandreleasedforpublicreview.Formanyofthespeciesthatareconsideredwetland
dependentorrelyonwaterbodiesforessentialbehavioralpatterns(i.e.,tobreed,feed,andshelter),itcanbe
difficulttoassessthecostsassociatedwithconservationmeasuresandpermittingguidelines.Forexample,the
BalmoralGroups2016analysisfoundthatsincetheERPprocessisalreadyrequiredforspeciesliketheFlorida
sandhillcrane,andthecostsincurredwhetherornotcranesarepresent,thecostsareincrementalandthe
incremental change in processing costs is relatively small (BalmoralGroup 2016). The private sectors total
estimatedregulatorycostsassociatedwiththeFloridaSandhillCraneConservationMeasuresandPermitting
Guidelinesrangefrom$1,485,319to$2,370,499annually.Overfiveyears,theestimategoesupto$12,076,915
becauseoftheanticipatedincreaseintheannualnumberofpermitsreviewedandissued.Almostallexperts
interviewedfortheanalysisindicatedthatitwasdifficulttoseparatecostsofsandhillcraneguidelinecompli
ancefromexistingcoststocomplywithfreshwaterwetlandprotectionrulesandassuch,thisestimatecanbe
consideredanupperbound.
SpeciesConservationMeasuresandPermittingGuidelinescanalsobeconsistentwithexistingregulationsand
guidance.ForspeciesinMonroeCounty,likethewhitecrownedpigeonandmanystatelistedreptileslikethe
KeyringnecksnakeandtheFloridabrownsnake,theMonroeCountyDevelopmentCodeaddressesimpactsto
criticalhabitatslikemangroveislandsandtropicalhardwoodhammock,andisconsistentwiththedraftGuide

160
160
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
lines(HazenandSawyer2016).Manyofthespecificconservationmeasuresforwhitecrownedpigeonsde
scribed in the draft Guidelines are already required by existing land development regulations in Monroe
County.MonroeCountyenvironmentalregulationsstatethathardwoodhammocksgreaterthan12acresare
locatedintheNativeArealanduse(zoning)district,andregulationsandclearingrequirementsfortheseareas
arediscussedinSection1303941oftheMonroeCountyLandDevelopmentCode.Theseregulationsaresimilar
fortheVillageofIslamoradaandtheCityofMarathon,andmitigationcostsarebasedonthereplacement
costsofspecificplantsandtreesandcanrangefrom$5,000to$60,000persite.AccordingtoMonroeCounty,
astandardhammocklothasabout3,000squarefeetofclearing,whichusuallyresultsinamitigationfeerang
ingfrom$5,000to$15,000,andoccasionallycloseto$20,000(HazenandSawyer2016).Thesefeesaredi
rectedtotheMonroeCountyEnvironmentalLandManagementandRestorationFund,whichisusedonlyfor
landmanagementandnotlandacquisition.TheMonroeCountyComprehensivePlanLandAuthoritypurchases
properties for conservation purposes, including hardwood hammocks. For those costs not covered by the
county regulations, it is estimated that costs to avoid, minimize, and offset take of statelisted species in
patchesoftropicalhardwoodhammockgreaterthan12acresinsizecouldbeupto$127,640overthenext
fiveyears(HazenandSawyer2016).
Forcrypticspeciesthatinhabitforestedwetlands,liketheEvergladesmink,estimatingcostsforimplementing
draftGuidelinesreliesheavilyonthejurisdictionofotherstateagencieslikeDEPandtheSouthFloridaWater
ManagementDistrict.AneconomicanalysisconductedbyHazenandSawyer(2016)estimatedthatifimple
mented,surveys,avoidance,andminimizationmeasurescouldrangebetween$14,804and$42,382persite,
withmitigationcreditsrangingfrom$34,560to$172,000percreditoffreshwaterforestedwetland.Manyof
theavoidancemeasuresoutlinedinthedraftGuidelines(suchasavoidingkillingorinjuringminkwhenob
served,andallowingEvergladesminkobservedduringconstructionactivitiestomovesafelyaway)arelikely
tohaveminimalcosts.TheERPprocesscanactasamultispeciesoptionforEvergladesminkandotherspecies
thatuseshallowfreshwatermarshes,swampforests,coastalmarshes,andmangroves.Inmanycases,mitiga
tionprovidedthroughtheERPprocessmaybesufficienttocovertakeofEvergladesminkandwouldlikely
alreadyberequiredbylandownersplanningtodeveloplandonornearfreshwaterwetlandswhereminkare
expectedtoroam.ThedraftGuidelines,relativetowhatisalreadyrequiredofthelandownerunderFloridas
ERPregulations,areexpectedtoincurnomarginalcost(HazenandSawyer2016).

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IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Table 17. An evaluation of proposed Florida Administrative Code rule changes with respect to economic impacts.
Rule Title/Division/
Chapter/ Section
Will not result in economic impacts

per Section 120.54(3)(b), F.S.
May result in economic impacts

68A27.003
Designa onof
Endangeredand
ThreatenedSpecies;
Prohibi ons
68A9.002Permitsto
TakeWildlifeor
FreshwaterFishfor
Jus fiablePurposes
Rule/
Subsection/
Paragraph/
Sub-paragraph
Summary of change
Economic Impact
Title
Rule tleshouldbeFlorida
EndangeredandThreatenedSpecies Noeconomicimpact.
List;Prohibi ons.
(2)(new
paragraph)
TheFloridabogfrogisconsideredrangelimitedandonlyoccursinwetlandsonthe
AddtheFloridabogfrogandGeorgia
EglinAirForceBaseinstalla oninFlorida'swesternPanhandle.TheGeorgiablind
blindsalamandertothelist.Requires
salamanderisconsideredacryp cspeciesandthePermi ngStandardsfor
addinganewparagraphfor
IncidentalTakeofCryp cSpeciespolicyapplies.Es matedeconomicimpactwould
amphibianstosubsec on.
notmeettheimpactthresholdsasdefinedinSec on120.54(3)(b),F.S.
(2)(new
paragraph)
AddtheBlackCreekcrayfishand
TheBlackCreekcrayfishandSantaFecavecrayfisharebothconsideredrange
SantaFecavecrayfishtothelist.
limitedspecies.Es matedeconomicimpactwouldnotmeettheimpactthresholds
Requiresaddinganewparagraphfor
asdefinedinSec on120.54(3)(b),F.S.
crustaceanstothesubsec on.
(2)(a)
Addlanguage:"orwhensuchconduct
isauthorizedinamanagementplanas
definedinthischapterandapproved
bytheCommission,orasauthorized
Noeconomicimpact.Eliminatesregulatoryrequirementsbyallowingac vi esto
inCommissionapprovedguidelines"
beauthorizedinmanagementplanswithoutpermi ngrequirements.
toexemp ngconductauthorizedby
managementplanfromthe
prohibi onontake,possession,or
saleofaThreatenedspecies.
(2)(c)
Addthebluenoseshiner,saltmarsh Thebluenoseshiner,saltmarshtopminnow,andsoutherntessellateddarterareall
topminnow,andsoutherntessellated consideredrangelimitedspecies.Es matedeconomicimpactwouldnotmeetthe
dartertothelist.
impactthresholdsasdefinedinSec on120.54(3)(b),F.S.
(2)(d)
TheBarboursmapturtleisconsideredarangelimitedspecies.Theproposedrule
changeandprotec onsforthisspecieswouldnotbeasignificantchangefromthe
AddtheBarboursmapturtle,Florida
currentregulatorystandard.TheFloridaKeysmoleskinkandFloridapinesnake
Keysmoleskink,andFloridapine
arebothconsideredcryp cspeciesandthePermi ngStandardsforIncidental
snaketothelist.
TakeofCryp cSpeciespolicyapplies.Es matedeconomicimpactwouldnotmeet
theimpactthresholdsasdefinedinSec on120.54(3)(b),F.S.
(2)(d)
RemovetheLowerKeyspopula ons
Noeconomicimpact.
ofthepeninsularibbonsnakeand
stripedmudturtlefromthelist.
(2)(e)
SpeciestobeaddedtotheFloridasEndangeredandThreatenedSpeciesListunder
rule68A27.003mayresultinaneconomicimpactmorethan$1millionoverfive
AddtheAmericanoystercatcher,
years(or$200,000annually)asdefinedinSec on120.54(3)(b).,F.S.Amore
blackskimmer,Floridaburrowingowl,
detailedanalysiswillbeconductedtoevaluatethelevelofeconomicimpactsprior
li leblueheron,Marian'smarsh
tofinalruleadop on.Ifthataddi onalanalysisshowsthattheimpactwillexceed
wren,reddishegret,roseate
$1millionoverfiveyears(or$200,000annually),aStatementofRegulatoryCost
spoonbill,Sco 'sseasidesparrow,
willbecompletedandincludedinthefinalruleno cingprocess.Someofthe
tricoloredheron,Wakullaseaside
speciesproposedforlis ng,suchastheSco 'sseasidesparrow,Wakullaseaside
sparrow,andWorthington'smarsh
sparrow,andWorthington'smarshwrenarerangelimitedandthees mated
wrentothelist.
economicimpactwouldnotmeettheimpactthresholdsasdefinedinSec on
120.54(3)(b),F.S.
(2)(f)
AddtheSanibelIslandriceratand
Shermansshorttailedshrewtothe
list.
(2)(f)
RemovetheFloridamas batfrom Noeconomicimpact(isnowfederallylistedasThreatenedundertheEndangered

thelist.
SpeciesAct).
(2)(g)
RemovethepillarcoralfromFlorida's
Noeconomicimpact(isnowfederallylistedasThreatenedundertheEndangered
EndangeredandThreatenedSpecies
SpeciesAct).
List.
(1)
Addlanguagefor"otherfederal
authoriza ons."
68A12.004Possession
orSaleofBirdsor
Mammals;Taxidermy
Opera onsand
(11)(b)1.
Moun ng
Requirements
68A16.003
Newsec on
TheSanibelIslandriceratisconsideredarangelimitedspeciesandonlyoccurson
SanibelIsland,Florida.TheShermansshorttailedshrewisconsideredacryp c
speciesandthePermi ngStandardsforIncidentalTakeofCryp cSpeciespolicy
applies.Es matedeconomicimpactwouldnotmeettheimpactthresholdsas
definedinSec on120.54(3)(b),F.S.
Noeconomicimpact.
ChangeRule68A13.002toRule68A
Noeconomicimpact.
16.001inthesubparagraph.
Addsec onthatnostatepermitis
neededtotakeinac venests,orparts Noeconomicimpact.Willeasetheregulatoryburdenonsomeen
thereof,ofbirdsnotlistedin68A27.
es.
162
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Rule Title/Division/
Chapter/ Section
Rule/
Subsection/
Paragraph/
Sub-paragraph
Summary of change
Economic Impact
68A25.002General
Addasubsec onoraddlanguageto
ProvisionsforTaking
anexis ngsubsec ontoprohibitthe
Noeconomicimpact(rulechangedoesnotchangecurrentrequirementsforthese
PossessionandSaleof Newsubsec on takeandpossessionofpeninsula
species).
Rep les(con nued)
ribbonsnakesandredratsnakesin
theLowerKeys.
(6)(a)2.d.
68A26.002Regula ons
Rela ngtotheTakingof(1)ornew
Amphibians
subsec on
68A27.0012
ProceduresforLis ng
andRemovingSpecies
fromFloridas
(4)
Endangeredand
ThreatenedSpeciesList
68A27.005
(1)
Designa onofSpecies
ofSpecialConcern;
Prohibi ons;Permits
(2)(b)
AddtheLowerKeyspopula onofthe
Noeconomicimpact(rulechangedoesnotchangecurrentrequirementsforthis
stripedmudturtletothelistofturtles
species).
thatmaynotbetakenfromthewild.
AddlanguagethatexcludesPine
Barrenstreefrogsandgopherfrogs
fromtheruleallowingtakeoffrogs.
Noeconomicimpact(rulechangedoesnotchangecurrentrequirementsforthese
species).
Removethesubsec on.
Noeconomicimpact.
Removethesubsec on.
Noeconomicimpact.
Removethebluenoseshiner,
saltmarshtopminnow,southern
tessellateddarter,LakeEus spupfish, Noeconomicimpact.
andmangroverivulusfromthe
RemovetheFloridabogfrogand
Georgiablindsalamanderfromthe
Noeconomicimpact.
(continued) will not result in economic impacts

(2)(c)
RemovethePineBarrenstreefrogand
Noeconomicimpact.
gopherfrogtheSpeciesofSpecial
Concernlist.
RemovetheBarboursmapturtle,
FloridaKeysmoleskink,andFlorida
Noeconomicimpact.
pinesnakefromtheSpeciesofSpecial
Concernlist.
(2)(d)
RemovetheLowerKeyspopula onof
theredratsnakeandSuwannee
Noeconomicimpact.
cooterfromtheSpeciesofSpecial
Concernlist.
(2)(e)
RemovetheAmericanoystercatcher,
blackskimmer,Floridaburrowingowl,
li leblueheron,Mariansmarsh
wren,reddishegret,roseate
Noeconomicimpact.
spoonbill,Sco sseasidesparrow,
tricoloredheron,Wakullaseaside
sparrow,andWorthingtonsmarsh
wrenfromtheSpeciesofSpecial
Concernlist.
Removethesnowyegret,whiteibis,
brownpelican,andlimpkinfromthe Noeconomicimpact.
(2)(f)
RemovetheSanibelIslandricerat,
Shermansshorttailedshrew,and
FloridamousefromtheSpeciesof
SpecialConcernlist.
Noeconomicimpact.
(2)(g)
RemovetheFloridatreesnailfrom
theSpeciesofSpecialConcernlist.
Noeconomicimpact.
(2)(h)
RemovetheBlackCreekcrayfishand
SantaFecavecrayfishfromthe
Noeconomicimpact.
68A27.007Permits
andAuthoriza onsfor (2)(a)
theTakeofFlorida
Endangeredand
ThreatenedSpecies.
Addlanguagetoallowinten onaltakeNoeconomicimpact.Reducesregulatoryrequirementsandimprovesagency
forhumansafety.
capacitytorespondtohumansafetyissues.
(2)(b)
Removethelanguagethatspecifiesa
dierentpermitissuancestandardfor
theblackmouthshiner,stripedmud Noeconomicimpact.
turtle,Floridamas bat,andpillar
coral.
(2)(f)
AddInten onalinfrontoftakeat
Noeconomicimpact.
thebeginningofthesentence.
163
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
Table 18. State-Threatened species, and the potential factors to consider in assessing impacts. These factors were applied
when evaluating potential social, economic, and ecological impacts.
Potential factors considered in impacts assessment
Species
Americanoystercatcher
Barbour'smapturtle
BigCypressfoxsquirrel
BlackCreekcrayfish
Blackskimmer
Blackmouthshiner
Bluenoseshiner
Crystaldarter
Evergladesmink
Floridabogfrog
Floridabrownsnake(LowerKeys)
Floridaburrowingowl
Floridapinesnake
Keyringnecksnake
Keysilverside
Leasttern
Littleblueheron
Marian'smarshwren
Reddishegret
Rimrockcrownedsnake
Roseatespoonbill
Saltmarshtopminnow
SantaFecavecrayfish
Scott'sseasidesparrow
Shorttailedsnake
Snowyplover
SoutheasternAmericankestrel
Southerntessellateddarter
Tricoloredheron
Wakullaseasidesparrow
Whitecrownedpigeon
Worthington'smarshwren
Increasing
Protection
Range
Limited
Species formerly
on the Species of
Special Concern list
that, when
evaluated in 2010,
were found to meet
the criteria for
Threatened status.
Species that occur

in only 1 or 2
counties, or in
narrow strips of
habitat in up to 5
counties.
X
X
X
X
Cryptic
At Risk
Species that may

be difficult to
detect, even when
using standard
survey techniques.
Species that are

undergoing
evaluation for
federal listing.
Wetland
Dependent
Species that are
designated wetland
dependent, and
wetland-related
regulatory
processes and
permitting might
apply.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
164
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craneandwoodstork.Availablefromhttp://myfwc.com/media/4036666/Balmoral
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Floridas Imperiled Species

Floridas Imperiled Species

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Goal and objectives

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan goal

Species included in this plan

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Floridas Imperiled Species Management Plan includes:

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Sciurus niger avicennia

Sorex longirostris eionis

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

* Specieslis ngstatusrecommenda onhaschangedsinceSpeciesAc onPlandevelopmentduetonewdata,

Species are color coded by taxa:

Imperiled species management system

Desired future condition

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Nine factors of an effective

Biological Status Reviews

Species Action Plans

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Table 2. Species conservation goals identified in the Species Action Plans.

Species Listing Status

Species Action Plan Conservation Goals

Integrated conservation strategies

Law and policy

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Figure 2. Imperiled Species Management Plan development timeline.

Contributions to imperiled species management

FWC Agency Strategic Plan

Floridas Wildlife Legacy Initiative

Promoting Wildlife Diversity

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Benefits of the comprehensive and integrative approach

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

LAW AND POLICY

Understanding and limiting take

LAW AND POLICY

Species Conservation Measures and Permitting Guidelines

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

LAW AND POLICY

Distribution and survey methodology

Recommended conservation practices

Measures to avoid take

LAW AND POLICY

Coordination with other state and federal agencies

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

LAW AND POLICY

LAW AND POLICY

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

LAW AND POLICY

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

LAW AND POLICY