Professional Documents
Culture Documents
19. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of the following weak
acids in water (For any polyprotic acids , write only the equation for the first
step in the ionization).
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+
20. For each of the acids in exercise 18, write the appropriate Ka expression
21. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of following weak
bases in water.
a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2
22. For each of the bases in Exercise 20, write the appopriate Kb expression.
23. Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is an organic acid whose sodium salt,
C6H5CO2Na, has long been used as a safe foods additive to protect
beverages and many foods againts harmful yeasts and bacteria. The acid is
monoprotic. Write the equation for its Ka !
24. Write the equation for the equilibrium that the benzoate ion, C6H5CO2(review exercise 22), would produce in water as functions as a Bronsted
base. Then write the expression for the Kb of the conjugate base of benzoic
acid.
25. The pKa of HCN is 9.21 and that of HF is 3.17. Which is the strong
Bronsted base CN or F?
26. The Ka for HF is 6.8 x 10x. what is the Kb for F-?
-10
acid ?
28. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a week acid with Ka = 1.8 x 10-12. What the
value of Kb for the HO2 ion?
29. Methylamine, CH3NH2 resambles ammonia in odor and basicity. Its Kb is
4.4 x 10-4. Calculate the Ka of its conjugate acid!
30. Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is responsible for the sour taste of sour milk. At 25oC
its Ka = 1.4 x 10-4. What is the Kb of its conjugate base, tha lactate ion,
C3H5O3- ?
31. Iodic acid, HIO3 has a pKa of 0.77
a. What is the formula an the Kb of its conjugate base?
b. Its is conjugate base a stronger or a weaker base than the acetate ion?
32. Periodic acid,HIO4,is an important oxidizing agent and a moderately strong
acid. In a 0.10 M solution , [H+] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the Ka and
pKa for periodic acid!
33. Choloacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a stronger monoprotic acid than acetic
acid. In a 0,10 M solution, this acid is 11 % ionized. Calculate the K a and
pKa for Choloacetic acid.
34. Ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that
ammonia. Like ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A 0.10 M solution has a pH
of 11.86. Calculate the Kb and pKb for ethylamine.
35. Hidroxylamine, HONH2, like ammonia, is a Bronsted base. A 0.15 M
solution has a pH of 10.12. What are Kb and pKb for Hidroxylamine?
36. Refer to data in the preceding question to calculate the percentage ionization
of the base in 0.15 M HONH2.
37. What is the pH of 0.125 M pyruvic acid ? Its Ka is 3.2 x 10-3
38. What is pH of 0.15 M HN3 ? for HN3, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
39. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2? For this
solute, Ka = 1.8 x 10-2
40. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is sometimes used as a disinfectant.
What are the concentrations of all of the substance in a 0.050 M solution of
phenol, HC6H50? What percentage of the phenol is ionized? For this acid,
Ka= 1.3 x 10-10
41. Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted from crude opium, is a weak base
with a pKb of 5.79. What will be the pH of a 0.020 M solution of codeine?
(Use Cod as a symbol for codeine)
42. Deuteroammonia, ND3, is a weak base with a pKb of 4.96 at 25oC. What is
the pH of a 0.20 M solution of this compound?
43. A solution of acetic acid has a pH of 2.54. What is the concentration of
acetic acid in this solution ?
44. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a monoprotic acid whose Ka value is 3,27 x
10-4. does a solution of the sodium salt of aspirin in water test acidic, basic,
or neutral ? Explain
45. The Kb value of the oxalate ion, C2O42-, is 1.9x10-10. Is a solution of K2C2O4
acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain.
46. Consider the following compounds and suppose that 0.5M solutions are
prepared of each : NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4, KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr.
Write the formulas of those that have solutions that are
a. Acidic,
b. Basic, and
c. Neutral.
47. Will an aqueous solution of ALCl3 turn litmus red or blue ? explain?
48. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more acidic cation than the calcium ion.
49. Ammonium nitrate is commonly used in fertilizer mixtures as a source of
nitrogen for plant growth. What effect, if any, will this compound have on
the acidity of the moisture in the ground? Explain.
66. Which buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH on the addition of
strong acid, buffer 1 or buffer 2? Explain.
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M NH3.
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3.
67. What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.15 M HC 2H3O2 and 0.25 M
C2H3O2-?
Use Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2
68. Rework the preceding problem using the Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to
write the poper chemical equation and equilibrium law )
69. By how much will the pH change if 0.050 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L off
the buffer in Exercise 66.
70. By how much will the pH change if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to
500mL of the buffer in Exercise 66.
71. A buffer is prepared containg 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+
a. calculate the pH of the buffer using the Kb for NH3
b. calculate the pH of the buffer using the Ka for NH4+
72. By how much will the pH change if 0.020 mL of HCl is added to 1.00 L of
the buffer in Exercise 70?
73. By how much will the pH change if 75 ml of 0.10 M KOH is added to 200
ml of the buffer in exercize 70?
74. How many grams of sodium acetat, NaC2H3O2, would have to be added to
1.0 L of 0.15 M acetic acid (pKa 4.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH
5.00?
75. How many grams of sodium formate, NaCHO2, would have to be added to
1.0 L of 0.12 M formic acid (Pka 3.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH
3.80 ?
76. What mole ratio of NH4Cl to NH3 would buffer a solution at pH 9.25?
77. How many grams of ammonium choride would have to be dissolved in 500
mL of 0.20 M NH3 to prepare a solution buffered at pH 10.00?
78. How many grams of ammonium chloride have to be dissolved into 125 mL
of 0.10 M NH3 to make it a buffer with a pH of 9.15 ?
79. Suppose 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl is added to an acetate buffer prepared
by dissolving 0.100 mol of acetic acidand 0.110 of sodium acetate in 500
mL of solution. What are the initial and final pH value? what would be the
pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 mL of pure
water?
80. How many milliliters of 0.15 M HCl would have to be added to 100 mL of
the buffer described in exercise 78 to make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH
unit? How many milliliters of the same HCl solution would, if added to 100
mL of pure water, make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH unit?
81. What can make the titrated solution at the equivalence point in an acid-base
titration have a pH not equal to 7,00 ? Ho w does this possibility affect the
choice of an indicator ?
82. Explain why ethyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the
titration of dilute ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid?
83. What is a good indicator for titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic
acid? Explain.
84. In the titration of an acid with base,what condition concerning the quantities
of reactans ought to be true at the equivalence point?
85. When 50 mL of 0.10 M formic acid is titrated with 0.10 M sodium
hydroxide, what is the pH at the equivalence point? (Be sure to take into
account the change in volume during the titration). What is a good indicator
for this titration?
ANSWER
1. Arrhenius
Asam adalah suatu senyawa yang apabila dilarutkan dalam air akan
menghasilkan H+
Basa adalah suatu senyawa yang apabila dilarutkan dalam air akan
menghasilkan OHLewis
Asam adalah penerima PEB (pasangan electron bebas)
Basa adalah donor PEB (pasangan electron bebas)
Bronsted Lowry
Asam adalah penyumbang proton
Basa adalah penerima elektron
2. Reaksi : H2O H+ + OH[ + ][ ]
=
[2 ]
[2 ] = [+ ][ ]
= [+ ][ ]
3. a) Larutan Asam adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] > 10-7 dan [OH-]
< 10-7
Larutan Basa adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] < 10-7 dan [OH-] >
10-7
Larutan Netral adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7
b) Larutan Asam memiliki pH < 7
Larutan Basa memiliki pH > 7
Larutan Netral memiliki pH = 7
4. Diketahui
: T = 37oC
Kw=2,4x10-14
Ditanya :- [H+], [OH-], pH dan pOH
- Hubungan antara pH, pOH, dan Kw pada temperatur 37 C
- Apakah air bersifat netral pada temperatur ini?
Dijawab :
Kw = [H+][ OH-]
=
= 2.98 x 10-16
pD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
pOD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
+
6. Calculate the H concentration in each of the following solutions in which
the
hydroxide ion concentrations are :
Dijawab :
a. [ OH-] = 0.0024 M
pOH = - log [ OH-] = -log (2.4x10-3) = 3 - log 2.4
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (13 - log 2,5)
= 1 + log 2,5
= 1,39
[OH ] = 10 -1,39
d. Diketahui : [ H+ ]=7,5 x 10-5 M
Ditanya
: [OH- ]
Dijawab
: pH = 5- log 7,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (5 - log 7,5)
= 9 + log 7,5
= 9,8
[OH ] = 10 -9,8
8. Diketahui
: [H+] = 1.9 x 10-5 mol L-1
Ditanya : pH.?
Dijawab : pH = -log [H+]
= -log [1.9 x10-5]
= 5-log 1.9
pH = 5 - 0.28
pH = 4.72
9. Diketahui
: + = 1,4 105
Ditanya : = ? ? ? ?
Dijawab : = log 1,4 105
= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0,146
= 4, 854
10.Exercise 5
a. Diketahui : [OH-] = 0,0024 M = 2,4 x 10-3 M
Ditanya
: pH ... ?
Dijawab
:
[OH-] = 2,4 x 10-3 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 2,4 x 10-3 M
= 3 log 2,4
= 3 0.38
pOH = 2,62
pH = 14 pOH
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 14 2,62
pH = 11,38
: [OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 1,4 x 10-5 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1,4 x 10-5 M
= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0.146
pOH = 4,854
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 4,854
pH = 9,146
: [OH-] = 5,6 x 10-9 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 5,6 x 10-9 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 5,6 x 10-9 M
= 9 log 5,6
= 9 0.748
pOH = 8,252
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 8,252
pH = 5,748
: [OH-] = 4,2 x 10-13 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 4,2 x 10-13 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 4,2 x 10-13 M
= 13 log 4,2
= 13 0.623
pOH = 12,377
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 12,377
pH
Exercise 6
a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 1,623
pH
11.a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
:
pH
pH
[H+]
[H+]
pOH
= 4,125
: pH = 3,14
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
= 3,14
= 4 0,86
= 4 log 7,24
= 7,24 x 10-4 M
= 14 pH
= 14 3,14
pOH = 10,86
pOH = 11 0,14
[OH-]
= 11 log 1,38
[OH ]
= 1,38 x 10-11 M
: pH = 2,78
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 2,78
pH = 3 0,22
[H+] = 3 log 1,66
[H+] = 1,66 x 10-3 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 2,78
pOH = 11,22
pOH = 12 0,78
[OH-]
= 12 log 6,026
[OH ]
= 6,026 x 10-12 M
: pH = 9,25
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 9,25
pH = 10 0,75
[H+] = 10 log 5,62
[H+] = 5,62 x 10-10 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 9,25
pOH = 4,75
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
e. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
12. a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
pOH = 5 0,25
[OH-]
= 5 log 1,78
[OH ]
= 1,78 x 10-5 M
: pH = 13,24
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 13,24
pH = 14 0,76
[H+] = 14 log 5,75
[H+] = 5,75 x 10-14 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 13,24
pOH = 0,76
pOH = 1 0,24
[OH-]
= 1 log 1,74
[OH ]
= 1,74 x 10-1 M = 0,174 M
: pH = 5,70
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 5,70
pH = 6 0,30
[H+] = 6 log 1,995
[H+] = 1,995 x 10-6 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 5,70
pOH = 8,30
pOH = 9 0,70
[OH-]
= 9 log 5,01
[OH ]
= 5,01 x 10-9 M
: pOH = 8,26
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 8,26
pOH = 9 0,74
[OH-] = 9 log 5,495
[OH-] = 5,495 x 10-9 M
pH = 14 pOH
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 14 8,26
pH = 5,74
pH = 6 0,26
[H+] = 6 log 1,82
[H+] = 1,82 x 10-6 M
: pOH = 10,25
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 10,25
pOH = 11 0,75
[OH-] = 11 log 5,62
[OH-] = 5,62 x 10-11 M
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 10,25
pH = 3,75
pH = 4 0,25
[H+] = 4 log 1,78
[H+] = 1,78 x 10-4 M
: pOH = 4,65
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 4,65
pOH = 5 0,35
[OH-] = 5 log 2,24
[OH-] = 2,24 x 10-5 M
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 4,65
pH = 9,35
pH = 10 0,65
[H+] = 10 log 4,47
[H+] = 4,47 x 10-10 M
: pOH = 6,18
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 6,18
pOH = 7 0,82
[OH-] = 7 log 6,61
14.Diketahui
pH = - log [ H+]
= - log 5 x 10-3
= 3 - log 5
= 2,3
15.Diketahui :
massa NaOH = 6 gram
Volume
= 1 liter
Ditanya : a. pOH NaOH(aq) = ..... ?
b. pH NaOH(aq) = ..... ?
Jawab :
[OH ]
= Xb x Mb
= Xb x
= 1x
pOH
pH
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6
40
mol
V ( liter)
1
1
1
1.5 x 10
log [OH ]
1 log 1.5
1 0.176
0.824
14 pOH
14 0.824
13.176
16.Diketahui :
Mr Ba(OH)2 = 171
Massa Ba(OH)2 = 0.837 gram
Volume = 100 ml
Ditanya :
pOH and pH ?
Dijawab :
n = m/Mr
n = 0.837/171
n = 4.89 x 10-3
Ba(OH)2
Ba2+
+ 2OH4.89 x 10-3
4.89 x 10-3
9.79 x 10-3
M = n/V
M = 9.79 x 10-3 / 0.1 ml
M = 9.79 x 10-2 M
[OH-] = M = 9.79 x 10-2 M
19.Dijawab :
a. HNO2 H+ + NO2b. H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43d. (CH3)3NH+ H+ (CH3)3N
20. Dijawab :
a. Ka =
b. Ka =
c. Ka =
d. Ka =
[ + ][2 ]
2
[ + ][2 4 ]
[3 4 ]
[ + ][4 ]
[4 2 ]
[ + ][(3 )3 ]
[(3 )3 + ]
b. H3PO4
H+ + H2PO4-
c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43-
d. (CH3)3NH+ H+ (CH3)3N
21.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab :
a.
(CH3)3N + H2O
b.
AsO43- +H2O
H3AsO4 + H2O
c.
NO2- + H2O
d.
(CH3)2N2H2 + H2O
22.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab :
(CH3)3NH+ + OH-
H3AsO4 + 3OHAs(OH)5
Kb = [C6H5CO2][H2O]
Kb telah ditulis di reaksi sebelumya.
23.Ditanya : Ka ?
Dijawab :
C6H5COOH C6H5COO- + H+
Ka =
[6 5 ][ + ]
[6 5 ]
24.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab : C6H5CO2- + H2O C6H5OH + OHKb =
[C6H5OH][OH]
[C6H5CO2][H2O]
Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab : Kw = Ka x Kb
10-14 = 1.8 x 10-12 x Kb
Kb = 10-14 / 1.8 x 10-12
Kb = 5.5 x 10-3
29. Diketahui
: Kb of CH3NH2 = 4.4 x 10-4
Ditanya : Ka = ...?
Dijawab : Ka
=
= 2.27 x 10-11
30.Diketahui
: Ka = 1.4 x 10-4
o
T 25 C
Ditanya : Kb . . .?
Dijawab :
Kw = Ka xKb
10-14 = 1.4 x 10-4 x Kb
Kb
=
Kb = 7.14 x 10-11
31.Dijawab :
a)
HIO3 , pKa = 0.77 Ka = 1.7 x 10-1
HIO3 IO3- + H+ (IO3- merupakan Basa konjugasi dari HIO3)
Kw = Ka x Kb
10-14 = 1.7 x 10-1 x Kb
Kb = 10-14 / 1.7 x 10-1
Kb = 5.8 x 10-2
b) jadi, HIO3 adalah basa konjugasi yang lebih kuat dari ion asetat.
32.Diketahui
: 0.1 M HIO4
+
[H ] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1
Ditanya : Ka dan pKa.?
Dijawab :
3.8 x 10-2 =
( 3.8 x 10-2 )2 = Ka x 0.1
1.44 x 10-3 = Ka x 0.1
Ka =
Ka = 1.44 x 10-2
pKa = -log Ka
= -log (1.44 x 10-2)
= 2 - log 1.44
33. Diketahui
: [HC2H2ClO2] = 0,10 M dan =11 %
Ditanya : Ka dan pKa....?
:=
Dijawab
0,11 =
= (0,11)2 x 0,1
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log 1,21x
= 1,21 x
= 3 - log 1,21
34. Diketahui
: Ethylamine M = 0.1 mol/L
pH = 11.86
Ditanya : Kb dan pKb
Dijawab :
pH = 11.86 jadi pOH = 14 - 11.86 = 2.14
[OH-] = 7.2 x 10-3
7.2 x 10-3
5.184 x 10-5 : 0.1 = Kb
Kb = 5.184 x 10-4
35. Diketahui
: M HONH2 = 0.15 M
pH = 10.12,
jadi pOH = 3.88 [OH-] = 10-3.88
Ditanya : Kb ? and pKb ?
Dijawab : [OH-] =
10-3.88 =
10 -7.76 =
Kb =
Kb = 1.158 x 10 -7
pKb = - Log Kb
= - Log 1.158 x 10 -7
= 7 Log 1.158
= 6.936
36. Diketahui
: HONH2
M = 0.15 mol/lt
pH = 10.12
Kb = 1.15x10-7 (from exercise 34)
Ditanya : ?
Dijawab
:
:
= 0.000878
37.Diketahui
:
Ma = 0.125 mol/liter
Ka = 3,2 x 10-3
Ditanya : pH?
Dijawab : [H+] =
=
=
= 2 x 10-2
pH = - log [2 x 10-2]
= 2 - log 2
= 2 - 0.301
= 1.699
38.Diketahui : Ma HN3 : 0,15 mol/liter
Ka :1,8 x 10-5
Ditanya : pH?
Dijawab : [H+] =
=
=
= 1.64 x 10-3
pH = - log [ H+]
= -log 1.64 x 10-3
= 3 - log 1.64
39. Diketahui
: [H2O2]
= 1.0 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10-2
Ditanya
: pH = ....?
Dijawab
: H2O2
O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
[H+] =
=
= 0.134 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 0.134
= 0.87
40. Diketahui : M HC6H5O
= 0.050 mol/L
Ka
= 1.3 x 10-10
Ditanya : [H+] = ?
% HC6H5O ioniozed= ?
Dijawab:
HC6H5O
C6H5O + H+
M 0.05
0
0
-6
-6
R 2.55 x 10
2.55 x 10
2.55 x 10-6
S
0.05 - 2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6
41.Diketahui
[ ] = 2 102 105,79
[ ] = 1,8 104
= 4 1,8
= 10 + 1,8
42.Diketahui
: pKb of ND3= 4,96
Kb = 1,096.10-5
M of ND3 = 0,20 M
T = 25C
Ditanya : pH ND3 = ?
Dijawab :
44.Dijawab :
1014
3.27104
NH4+ +
H2O
NH3 +
H3O+
NO3 +
H2O
If any this compound in the ground, the acidity of the moisture in the ground
will increase. There is H3O+ as a product from the chemical equations
above.
50.Dijawab :
NaCN
Na+ +
CNNa+
+
H2O
CN
+
H2O
HCN +
OH[NaCN] = 0.20 M
Ka
= 6.2 x 10-10
[OH-]
=
=
=
= 1.796 x 10-3
pOH = 3 - Log 1.796
pH = 14 (3 - Log 1.796)
= 11 + Log 1.796
= 11.25
51.Dijawab :
KNO2
K+ +
NO2K+
+
H2O
NO2
+
H2O
HNO2 +
[KNO2] = 0.04 M
Ka
= 4.3 x 10-4
[OH-]
=
=
=
= 9.64 x 10-7
pOH = 7 - Log 9.64
pH = 14 (7 - Log 9.64)
= 7 + Log 9.64
= 7.98
52.Dijawab :
OH-
CH3NH3+ +
+
H2O
CH3NH2
= 0.15 M
= 4.4 x 10-4
CH3NH3Cl
ClCH3NH3+
[CH3NH3Cl]
Kb
[H+]
Cl
+
H+
pH
=
= 1.846 x 10-6
= 6 - Log 1,846
= 5.73
53.Dijawab :
Basa lemah BHCl terdiri dari ion BH+ dan ClBHCl dg konsentrasi 0,15 ini memiliki pH 4,28. Berapa Kb?
BHCl(aq)
BH(aq)+ + Cl(aq)Kw
[H+]
5,3 . 10-5
28,09 . 10-10 =
Kb
Kb
[garam]
1014
1,5 . 101
1,5 .1015
Kb
1,5 .1015
28,09 .1010
= 0,053 . 10-5
= 5,3 . 10-7
54.Diketahui
: V H2O = 1.00 L
pH = 5.16
Mr NH4Br = 107
T 25oC
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya : massa of NH4Br . . .?
Dijawab :
pH
5,16
- log
- log
=
- log
=
=
=
=
=
9,218 gram
55. Diketahui
: asam konjugasi+ memiliki pKa = 5
Ditanya : Apakah asam konjugat dari Y-, HY, memiliki pKa lebih besar
dari 5,00 atau kurang dari 5,00?
Jawab :
pKa = 5, Ka = 105
BHOH BH+ + OHBHOH + HY BHY + 2 O
BHY BH+ + Y[ OH-] =
=
=
=
= 10-5 x [BHY] x 10
pOH
= 5 - log [BHY]
pOH
= pKa HY
Sehingga, pKa Kurang dari 5
56.Diketahui
: 0.2 M H-Mor+
pKb = 6.13
Ditanya : pH.?
Dijawab : pKb = 6.13
Kb = 10-pKb
= 10-6.13
Kb = 7.41 x 10-7
Mor + H2O
H-Mor+
0.2 M
0.2 M
+ OH-
[OH-]=
=
= 7.41 x 10-7
pOH= 7 - log 7.41
=6.13
Jadi, pH = 14 - 6.13
= 7.87
57.Diketahui
: Reaksi : Qu + H2O
H-
+ H3O+
6,6 .104
1,5 .106
= 4,4 . 103
= 44 . 104
= 6,63 . 10-2
b. [H+]
= .
Ka = 1.0x10-2
64.Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
pH = 4 log 6
= 4 0.78
= 3,22
: pKa = 4.01
: pH
: Ka = 5 log 9,77
= 9,77 x 10-5
pH = 3 log 2,21
= 3 0,34
= 2,66
65.Dijawab :
a. H2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Persamaan ion:
2H+ (aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) + H2O (l)
Asam lemah : H2CO3
Basa konj : HCO3b. H3PO4 (aq)+ NaOH (aq) NaH2PO4(aq) + H2O
Persamaan ion:
3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
c. NaH2PO4(aq) + NaOH (aq) Na2HPO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
Persamaan ion:
Na+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) 2Na+(aq) + HPO42-(aq) + H2O (l)
Asam lemah : H2PO4Basa konj : HPO42d. NH3(aq) + HCl (aq) NH4Cl (aq)
Persamaan ion:
NH3(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Basa lemah : NH3
Asam konj : NH4+
66. Diketahui
: a. buffer 0.10 M NH4Cl dan 1 M NH3
b. buffer1 M NH4Cl dan 0.10 M NH3
ditanya : buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH=?
Jawab:
pH larutan a sebelum ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-4
= 4- log 1,8
pOH = 3,745
pH = 10,255
pH larutan b sebelum ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-6
= 6- log 1,8
pOH = 5,74
pH = 8,26
pH larutan a setelah ditambah asam kuat
Misalnya asam kuat yang ditambahkan HCl 0.05 M
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 6. 10-6
= 6- log 6
pOH = 5,22
pH = 8,78
pH larutan b setelah ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 8,6. 10-7
= 7- log 8,6
pOH = 6,065
pH = 7,935
Perubahan pH larutan a sebelum ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan a
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (10,255 - 8,78)
= 1,475
Perubahan pH larutan b sebelum ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan b
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (8,26 - 7,935)
= 0,325
Kesimpulannya larutan penyangga yang pHnya cenderung hanya berubah
sedikit adalah larutan b karena perubahan pHnya hanya 0,325
67. Given
: C2H2H3O2 H+ +C2H3O2M HC2H3O2: 0.15 M
M C2H3O2- : 0.25 M
Ditanya
Dijawab
: pH .?
:
1.8 x 10-5
=
-5
1.8 x 10 x 0.15 = 0.25 x [H+]
= [H+]
1.08 x 10-5
= [H+]
pH
= -log 1.08 x 10-5
= 5-log 1.08
= 5-0.033
= 4.967
= 4.97
68. Diketahui
: M HC2H3O2
= 0.15 M
M C2H3O2
= 0.25 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10 -5
Ditanya : pH dengan menggunakan Kb dari ion asetat
Dijawab :
mol of HCl
volume = 1.00 L
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 mol
m
r
s
= 0.05 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
pH
= log [H+]
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 1.8 x 10-5
= 4.5
Perubahan pH = 4.98 4.5 = 0.48
70. Diketahui : pH buffer = 4.98
mol of NaOH
= 0.005 mol
volume = 0.50 L
Ka HC2H3O2 = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya : the pH change after 0.005 mol of NaOH is added to the buffer
Dijawab :
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 M x 0.5 L = 0.075 mol
mol of C2H3O2- = 0.25 M x 0.5 L = 0.125 mol
NaOH (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) C2H3O2- (aq) +
Cl- (aq)
m 0.005 mol
0.075 mol
0.125 mol
0
r -0.005 mol -0.005 mol
+0.005 mol
+0.005 mol
s 0
0.070 mol
0.130 mol
0.005 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
pH
= log [H+]
= log 9.69 x 10-6
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 9.69 x 10-6
=5
Perubahan pH = 5 4.98 = 0.02
71. Diketahui :
[NH3]
= 0.25 M
+
[NH4 ]
= 0.14 M
Ditanya : a. pH larutan penyangga menggunakan harga Kb NH3 = . ?
b. pH larutan penyangga menggunakan harga Ka NH4+ = . ?
Dijawab
:
a. [OH ]
= Kb.
[BL]
[AK]
= 1.8 x 105 .
5
pOH
0.25
0.14
= 3.21 x 10
= log [OH ]
= log 3.21 105
= 5 log 3.21
= 5 0.51
= 4.49
= 14 4.49
= 9.51
+
b. Ka NH4
= 5.6 x 1010
NH4+ NH3 + H +
Kb NH3 = . ?
Ka x Kb
= Kw
5
5.6 x 10 x Kb = 1014
pH
Kb NH3 =
1014
5.6 105
= 1.78 x 105
[OH ]
= Kb.
[BL]
[AK]
= 1.78 x 105 .
0.25
0.14
pOH
pH
72.Diketahui
Ditanya
buffer.?
Dijawabed
= 3.18 x 10
= log [OH ]
= log 3.18 105
= 5 log 3.1 8
= 5 0.50
= 4.50
= 14 4.5
= 9.50
= Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 2.6 x 10-5
pOH = 5 - log 2.6
= 5 - 0.41
= 4.59
pH = 14 - 4.59 = 9.41
perubahan pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09
*jika menggunakan Ka dari NH4+
Jika ditambah 0.020mol HCl
[H+] = Ka .
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x 0.7
= 3.892 x 10 -10
pH = 10 - log 3.892
pH = 9.41
perubahan pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09
73.Diketahui
: 75 ml 0.10 M KOH ditambahkan ke 200 ml buffer 0.25 M
NH3 ; 0.14 M NH4+
Ditanyakan : perubahan pH??
Dijawab : Mol of KOH 75 mlx 0,1 M = 7,5 mmol
Mol of NH3 200 ml x 0,25 M = 50 mmol
Mol of NH4+ 200 ml x 0,14 M = 28 mmol
[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 1,78 x10-5
pOH = -log 1,78 x 10-5
= 5 log 1,78
= 5 0,25 = 4,75
pH = 14 - 4,5= 9,25
NH4+(aq)
+
H2O(l)
M
28 mmol
R
7.5 mmol
S
20.5 mmol
[OH ]
= Kb .
OH(aq)
7.5 mmol
7.5 mmol
NH3(aq)
50 mmol
7.5 mmol
57.5 mmol
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 5,05 x10-5
pOH = -log 5,05 x 10-5
= 5 log 5,05
= 5 0,70 = 4,30
pH = 14 - 4,30= 9,70
jadi perubahan pH adalah 9,70-9,25 = 0,45
74.Diketahui
: 1.0 L of 0.15 M asam asetat (pKa 4.74 = 1,8 x 10-5)
pH buffer 5,00 = 10-5
Ditanya :berapa gram sodium asetat??
Dijawab :
Mol asam asetat 1.0 L x 0.15 M= 0,15 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
10-5 = 1,8 x10-5 .
10-5 x = 0,27 x 10-5
X = 0,27 mol
massa sodium asetate = mol x mr sodium asetate
= 0,27 mol x 82
= 22,14 gram
75.Diketahui
: 1.0 L of 0.12 M asam format (Pka 3.74 = 1,8 x 10-4)
a buffer for pH 3.80 = 0,2 x 10-4
Ditanya : berapa massa sodium format??
Dijawab :
Mol asam format = 1.0 L x 0.12 M = 0,12 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
0,2 x 10-5 = 1,8 x10-4 .
10-5 x = 1,08 x 10-4
X = 0,108 mol
massa sodium asetate = mol x mr sodium formate
= 0,108 mol x 68
= 7.344 gram
76.Diketahui
: pH buffer larutan 9.25
Ditanya : berapa rasio antara NH4Cl dengan NH3??
Dijawab :
[H+]
= Kb.
10-4
10-5 x
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl = 18 mmol
Massa NH4Cl
= mol x Mr NH4Cl
= 18 x 53,5
= 963 mgram
= 0,963 gram
78.Diketahui :
125 ml NH3 0,10 M
Mol NH3 = V x M
= 125 x 0,1
= 12,5 mmol
Kb NH3 = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 9,15
Ditanya : massa NH4Cl = ...?
Dijawab :
pH = 9,15 pOH = 4,85 [OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5
[OH-]
1,4 x 10-5
10-5 x
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl = 16,07 mmol
Massa NH4Cl
= mol x Mr NH4Cl
= 16,07 x 53,5
= 859,75 mgram
= 0,859 gram
79.Diketahui :
25 ml HCl 0,1 mol
Mol HCl
=VxM
= 25 x 0,1
= 2,5 mmol
= 0,0025 mol
Mol CH3COOH = 0,1 mol
Mol CH3COONa = 0,11 mol
Ka CH3COOH
= 1,82 x 10-5
Ditanya :
a. The initial of pH =...?
The final of pH =...?
b. the pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 ml of
pure water =...?
Dijawab :
a. [H+]
=
=
10-5 x
= 16,54 x 10-6
= 1,65 x 10-5
pH
= 5 log 1,65
= 5 0,21
= 4,79
So, the initial of pH = 4,79
HCl + CH3COONa CH3COOH +
NaCl
M
0,0025
0,11
0,1
0
R
0,0025
0,0025
0,0025
0,0025
S
0
0,1075
0,1025
0,0025
[H+]
=
=
10-5 x
10-5 x
= 1,735 x 10-5
pH
= 5 log 1,735
= 5 0,239
= 4,761
So, the final pH = 4,761
b. Jika pH hampir sama dengan HCl yang ditambah 125 ml air adalah
sama dengan 4,761. Pada penambahan air dalam larutan tersebut, pH
tetap karena penentuan pH adalah jumlah mol bukan konsentrasi dari
buffer.
80.Diketahui
: HCl = 0,15 M
Volum buffer = 100 ml
pH buffer dari no 78 = 4.79
Ditanya :
a. Volume HCl untuk menurunkan pH sebesar 0,05
b. Volume HCL, jika ditambahkan 100 ml air, untuk membuat pH turun
0.05
Dijawab :
HCl + CH3COONa CH3COOH +
NaCl
M
a
0,11
0,1
0
R
a
a
a
a
S
0
0,11 - a
0,1 + a
a
a. pH buffer from no.78 = 4,79
pH after = 4,79 - 0,05
= 4,74
+
[H ]
= 1,82 x 10-5
[H+]
1,82 x 10-5
10-5 x
Mol HCl
= 5x 10-3
= 0,005 mol
= 0,005 mol
Volume HCl
=
= 0,033 litre
= 33 ml
b. Jumlah HCl yang ditambahkan 33 ml. larutan buffer yang mendapat
penambahan air, pada pH tetap.
81.Dijawab :
*Titik ekivalen tidak selalu terjadi pada pH=7, tergantung asam dan basa
yang dititrasi. Jika titrasi dilakukan antara asam kuat-basa kuat maka titik
ekivalen kemungkinan berada pada pH=7, jika asam kuat-basa lemah pH<7,
jika asam lemah-basa kuat titik ekivalen pada pH>7.
*Perkiraan titik ekivalen mempengaruhi pilihan indikator yang akan kita
gunakan. Indikator yang akan kita gunakan harus memiliki rentang pH
dimana titik ekivalen masuk ke dalam rentang pH indicator tersebut.
82.Dijawab :
Metil merah lebih baik daripada fenolptalein dalam titrasi ammonia oleh
asam hydrochloric, karena hasil ammonia dan asam hydrochloric dalam
larutan pHnya < 7 (dipengaruhi kerena asam hydricloric adalah asam kuat
dan ammonia adalah basa lemah). Dimana range pH dari metil merah adalah
4.4-6.2 dan range pp adalah 8.3-10.0
83.Dijawab :
For titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid we can use few
indicators. The indicators are metil red indicator, bromtimol blue indicator,
and phenolphthalein indicator. Titrating potassium hydroxide with
hydrobromic acid is example of titration strong base and strong acid. The
equivalen point is occur in value pH 7 (neutral). The color of indicators can
be change around the equivalen point. Therefore the change of color in the
phenolphthalein indicator is sharper (more noticeable), so the
phenolphthalein indicator is more frequently used.
84.Dijawab :
Titik ekivalen adalah titik dimana keadaan asam dan basa seimbang. Dimana
mol asam sama dengan mol basa.
85.Diketahui : M formic acid : 0.10 M
V formic acid : 50 ml
M NaOH : 0.10 M
Ditanyakan : what is the pH at the equivalence point?
Dijawab :
Mol HCOOH = Mol NaOH
M1 . V1 = M2 . V2
0.10 . 50 = 0.10 V2
V2 = 50 ml
Mol NaOH = M. V
= 0.10 . 50
= 5 mmol
Mol HCOOH = M. V
= 0.10 . 50
= 5 mmol
86.Diketahui
:
V NH3
= 25 mL
M NH3
= 0.10 mol/L
Kb NH3
= 1.8 x 10-5
M HBr
= 0.10 mol/L
Ditanya : pH at equivalence point and good indicator
Answer:
At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the moles
of base.
NH3
+
HBR
NH4Br
B
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
0
R
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
A
0
0
2.5 mmol
= 5.27
87. Dijawab :
25mL 0,1 HCl
0,1 NaOH
a. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2.5 0
pH=1
b. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
1
1
1
1,5
0
[H+] =
1,5
35
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
1
1
1
1
: 4,2 . 10-2
pH = 2-log 4,2
= 1,37
c. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,49
2,49
2,49
0,01
0
[H+] =
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
102
49,9
: 0,02 . 10-2
= 2 . 10-4
pH = 4-log 2
= 3,69
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,49
2,49
2,49
2,49
d. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,499
2,499
2,499
0,001
0
[H+] =
103
49,99
= 2 . 10-5
= 5-log 2
= 4,69
e. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0
0
pH=7
f. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,501
2,500
2,500
0
0,001
[OH-] =
pH
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,499
2,499
2,499
2,499
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
103
50,01
= 1,99 . 10-5
= 9 + log 1,99
= 9,29
g. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,510
2,500
2,500
0
0,010
[OH-] =
1.102
50,10
= 1,99 . 10-4
pH= 10 + log 1,99
= 10,29
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
h. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,600
2,500
2,500
0
0,100
[OH-] =
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
101
51
= 1,96 . 10-3
pH = 11 + log 1,96
= 11,29
i. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
5
2,5
2,5
0
2,5
[OH-] =
2,5
75
= 3,3 . 10-2
pH = 12 + log 2
= 12,30
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
PH
8
6
PH
4
2
0
0
10
24,9
24,99
25
25,01
25,1
26
50
88.Diketahui : pKa = 1.
V = 25 mL
M = 0.1000 mol/L = 10-1 mol/L
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya :
Calculate pH=
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
Dijawab :
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution, it means calculate pH of a weak
acid.
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added means that we calculate pH of
acid buffer.
B
R
A
CH3COOH + NaOH
2.5 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol 1 mmol
1.5 mmol
-
CH3COONa + H2O
0
0
1 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol 1 mmol
c. At a half of the HC2H3O2 means that the number of acid moles equal to a
CH3COONa + H2O
0
0
1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
log1.8 = 4.744
d. At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the
moles of base.
B
R
A
CH3COOH + NaOH
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
-
89. Answer:
a. Known : 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M NH3
Asked : pH.?
Answer
: [OH-] =
=
=
= 10 -3
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-3
CH3COONa + H2O
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol
=3
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3
= 11
So, pH of NH3 before the addition of any HCl solution are 11
b. Known : Moles of NH3 = n x M = 25 x 0.1 = 2.5 mmol
= 10-5 x
= 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-5
=5
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 5
=9
So, pH after half of the NH3 has been neutralized were 9
d. Asked : pH at the equivalence point.?
Answer:
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
2.5
React: 2.5
2.5
2.5
After : 2.5 mmol
Looking for volume total:
Moles of NH3 = moles of HCl
25 x 0.1
= V x 0.1
V
= 25 mL
[H+] =
=
=
= 0,7 x 10 -5
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 0,7 x 10 -5
= 5 - log 0.7
= 5 - (-0.15)
= 5.15
So, pH at the equivalence point are 5.15