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PROVINCE OF BENGAL:
FEUDALISM IN EAST INDIA
AD 1305 - AD 1500
CONTENT
PART A: CONTEXT
1. INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
2. GENESIS OF IDEOLOGY
3. BUILDING TYPOLOGY
4. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
5. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
6. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
EXPECTED LEARNING
OUTCOME
The students are expected to understand the impact of
change in social,
political and local context on
development of Islamic Architecture in all Indian
Provinces
ASSIGNMENT
TUTORIAL 07
Location affects the architectural style. Elaborate
with reference to Provincial Style of Bengal
REPORT 03
A-2 size Report on Province of Bengal with a critical
review on impact of building material on spatial
organization of built form(s)
1. INITIATION &
DEVELOPMENT
Province of Bengal, 1000 miles from Malwa, earliest to
capitulate to the powers of Islam, almost 100 years earlier
than Malwa
Capital cities of Gaur and Pandua
Geographical locations of Bengal and Bihar gave way to
Muslim invaders to capture these regions, Ganga
afforded a direct means of communication
Muslim governor of slave dynasty conquered Bengal in
early thirteenth century
2. GENESIS OF
IDEOLOGY
Construction activities in rain deluged, flood devastated,
bamboo forested plains of Bengal proved out to be
difficult
Readymade supply of building materials from extant
temples was also missing
Only few places of worship built in stone
3. BUILDING TYPOLOGY
MOSQUE
TOMB
GATEWAY
MINARET
4. SPATIAL
ORGANIZATION
Brick as a building
material restricted
the
space
and
volume of buildings
Sizes of column
free spaces in case
of
columnar
construction
was
reduced
in
comparison
to
contemporary
provincial styles
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16
5. ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
Bangladhar
Roof
Drop Arch
Brick Domes
Pointed Vault
Rectangular
Courtyards
6. BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION &
MATERIALS
Islamic structures till later
stages, combination of stocky
basalt columns from Hindu
Temples and superstructure of
arched brick vaults and domes
Typical basalt column planted in
interior
of
the
building,
supplemented with voluminous
quantities of new brick walls
with small pointed arched
openings
PART B: RELEVANT
BUILDING EXAMPLES
ADINA MASJID, PANDUA
EKLAKHI TOMB
DAKHIL DARWAZA
FEROZE MINAR
GUMNAT MASJID
CHHOTA SONA MASJID
BARA SONA MASJID
ADINA MASJID.
BASALT PILLARS
PLAN OF ADINA MASJID
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16
ADINA MASJID.
CENTRAL NAVE AND MAIN MIHRAB. THE BARREL VAULT HAS COLLAPSED
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16
ADINA MASJID.
EKLAKHI TOMB.
Surface treatment suggestive of framework of traditional
wood and wattle hut.
Tomb Entrances marked by stone gateways from Hindu
temple.
Interior is a massive concentric octagon of masonry to
support modest plain hemispherical dome of same
diameter.
Builders were not equipped with const. techniques of
arched or pendentives Squinches
Architectural style prevailed in structuring of tombs,
mosques, minarets and gateways
EKLAKHI TOMB.
CITY OF GAUR
Situated on narrow strip of land between Mahanadi and
Ganga, capital of Haji Illiash fro 1442.
ASI conserved the structures of Gaur, monuments
present today are
Dakhil Darwaza (AD 1465),
Gumnat Masjid (AD 1484),
Feroze Minar (AD 1488),
Chhota Sona Masjid (AD 1510),
Bara Sona Masjid (AD 1526).
DAKHIL DARWAZA
Gateway, Built by Barbak Shah.
DAKHIL DARWAZA.
FEROZE MINAR
Inspired by Qutub at Delhi,
victory tower 83 ft. high.
Model : one of the flanking
towers of Dakhil Darwaza
FEROZE MINAR
GUNMAT MASJID
Mode of construction and planning modified in Bengal
mosque, due to heavy rainfall
Masjid consisted of a hall 140 ft. X 60 ft., with cloisters
and central vault
PLAN OF GUNMAT
MASJID
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16
DROP ARCH
QADAM RASUL
63 X 50 ft., inner compartment surrounded on three
sides by a continuous corridor
Four basalt columns from Hindu temples were available
Substantial structure in brick, flaccid & formless
PART C:
CONTEMPORARY
EXAMPLES
PART C:
CONTEMPORARY
EXAMPLES
PART C:
CONTEMPORARY
EXAMPLES
PART C:
CONTEMPORARY
EXAMPLES
PART D:
LEARNINGS FROM
LECTURE
Locally available
material
and
climate
influences
the
architectural
style