Philippine Institutions 100

AY 2014-2015 Second Semester

Class Requirements
2 exams
Report (by group)
Major paper (by group)
Quiz/minor papers (individual)
Attendance/class participation/field trip
TOTAL

!
!
!
40%
20%
20%
10%
10%
100%

Finals (Report) May 2015

Graciano Lopez Jaena
! Talambuhay at kung anong panahon siya
nabuhay
! Suriin ang mga importanteng akda; kaisipan;
Fray Botod, etc.
! Paano nakatulong ang bayani at mga akda niya
sa pagsulong ng
pagkamakabayan/nasyonalismo?
30-45 minutes
Handout
Written Report
Two Major Papers (Separate)
Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
! Mahalagang konseptong nakapaloob
! Kaisipang may kinalaman sa pagbubuo ng
bayan at bansa
! Sinu-sino/anu-ano ang kinakatawan ng mga
character sa lipunang ginagalawan ni Rizal?
Ipaliwanag.
! Kabuluhan ng 2 nobela sa kasalukuyan
No page limit
Filipino
TNR 12 black 1 all sides
Short
Double spaced
* Continuity

Bakit may P.I. 100?

! Claro M. Recto (senador) main proponent
! Batas, mandated
! R.A. 1425 Rizal Law
! Passed to teach Filipino students nationalism or
love of country as expressed in the life and
writings of Rizal
! June 12, 1956 signed by President Magsaysay
! August 16, 1956 Board of National Education
(ipinatupad sa lahat ng paaralan)
! Jos B. Laurel, Jr. Speaker of the House of
Representatives of the Philippines
! Claro M. Recto upper house; senador
o Anti-imperialist
o Best President we never had
! Schools are enjoined to develop:
1. Moral character
2. Personal discipline
3. Civic conscience
4. Duties of citizenship

Offensive passages: NMT (170), EF (50)

Catholic church: expurgated? Recto: No!
Rizal not our national hero

William Howard Taft

! First civil governor assigned to Philippines
! Created a committee (composed of 4 Americans
and 4 Filipinos = elitista) to choose a national
hero for the Philippines
Criteria for being the national hero:
1. Pilipino
2. Yumao na
3. Mataas ang pagmamahal sa bayan
(makabayan)
4. Mahinahon
5. *Madulang kamatayan (idinagdag)
Contestants:
1. Antonio Luna tinaga ng mga tauhan ni
Aguinaldo; 40 na taga sa Cabanatuan
2. Emilio Jacinto malaria
3. Jose Rizal Consumatum est; dramatic death
4. Graciano Lopez Jaena - tuberculosis
5. Marcelo del Pilar WINNER** (tuberculosis)
Dahil sa idinagdag na criterion sa pagiging national hero
ay hindi opisyal na naging pambansang bayani si del
Pilar.
Spanish Squad " Filipino Squad " Rizal
Rizals final requests:
1. Nakaharap pag binaril
2. Katawan lang babarilin
7:03 a.m. namatay si Rizal
Pagkatapos sumikat si Rizal.
Act No. 243
! September 28, 1901
! United States Philippine Commission
! right to use public land upon the Luneta in the
city of Manila
! "the monument would not only bear a statue of
the hero, but would also house his remains"
International Design Competition
! invited sculptors from Europe and the United
States to submit entries with material preference
produced in the archipelago
! judging committee composed of then GovernorGeneral James F. Smith, John T. MacLeod and
Dr. Maximo M. Paterno
! ended in 1912
! winner: Carlos Nicoli of Carrara, Italy for his
scaled plaster model titled Al Martir de
Bagumbayan (To the Martyr of Bagumbayan)
besting 40 other accepted entries
! contract was awarded to second-placer Swiss
sculptor named Richard Kissling for his Motto
Stella (Guiding Star)

Rizal Monument
! bronze sculpture
! nakatayo
! stone (granite) base
! obelisk as backdrop
! plans for the famous Filipino painter Flix
Resurreccin Hidalgo to inspect and modify the
design, but left as is because the bronze has
been cast in Switzerland
! 12 years after the Philippine Commissions
approval of the act December 30, 1913
shrine was unveiled
! remains of Rizal interred in the monument which
consisted of bones because after his execution,
the hero was secretly buried without a coffin at
Paco Cemetery
! birth centenary year of 1961 aluminum pylon
was superimposed over the granite obelisk,
increasing the structure's height from 12.7
meters to 30.5 meters
o Jose Rizal National Centennial
Commission (JRNCC)
o Criticized
o Designer: Juan Nakpil
o Now at Baclaran section of Roxas Blvd.
First Rizal Monument in the Philippines
! Daet, Camarines Norte
! Lt. Colonel Antonio Sanz with the help of
Ildefonso Alegre of the Philippine Revolutionary
Army and through the financial contributions of
the locals of Camarines Norte
! The three-tiered stone pylon with its square base
supporting a triangle in two stages was the first
monument and memorial marker in memory of
the Philippines' National Hero.
! Completed on December 31, 1898
! historical landmark in 1961 by the National
Historical Commission and was recently
declared a national monument by virtue of NHI
Resolution No. 12 by the National Historical
Institute
Act No. 137
! Taft Commission
! politico-military district of Morong into Province
of Rizal
! suggested by Pardo de Tavera
Act No. 345
! December 30 as Rizal Day

Why is Rizal the Greatest Filipino Hero?

Esteban A. de Ocampo
Writing style
! Direct quotation
! Passages
! Summary
! Simple terms
! Q&A

! Paulit-ulit
! Banyaga sources mas lumitaw ang universal
greatness ni Rizal
! Outline
! Definition
Definition of a Hero
By Merriam Webster
1. Pangunahing tauhan na may mahalagang papel
na ginampanan sa yugto ng kasaysayan
2. Katapangan " paghihirap " pagdurusa
3. Yumao " pagkilala
Bayani = hero
Kabayanihan = heroism (?)
Kabayanihan
Marami sila (e.g. Andres
Bonifacio, Macario Sakay
sumikat sa American
Period)
Ang ginagawa nila ay para
sa mas nakararami
Hindi nila obligasyon ang
ginagawa nila

Heroism
Focus ay si Jose Rizal

1 lang siya
Obligasyon niya ang
ginagawa niya

Jose Rizal
! Panahon ng PROPAGANDA/REPORMA
o talakayan sa isat isa
o pagbabago
1. asimilasyon maging kolonya ng Spain ang
Pilipinas
2. magkaroon ng kinatawan ang Pilipinas sa
Cortes (tagagawa ng batas)
3. sekularisasyon magkaroon ng mga paring
Pilipino sa parokya
Paano ito nakamit?
! Using pen and paper
Bakit di pa agad lumaban? Duel?
! Di pa handa ang Pilipinas.
! Pwede pang isalba ang gobyerno.
! Respect for Spain.
! May kayang pamilya babalikan ng mga Kastila
kapag natalo sa laban.
Mga Akda
! Jose Rizal
o Noli Me Tangere
o El Filibusterismo
! Marcelo H. del Pilar
o Frailocracy in the Philippines
o Monatic Supremacy
o Dasalan at Tocsohan
! Pedro Paterno
o Ninay unang Tagalog na nobelang
naisulat
! Graciano Lopez Jaena
o Discursos Articulos y Varios
! Antonio Luna
o Impresiones Madrileas de un Filipino

Rizal as hero binomba ng kaisipang Rizal ang

mamamayan kaya alam natin ang mga akda niya; alam
nating bayani siya
Ninay lead character sa nobela ni Pedro Paterno
Filipino rituals and traditions (dragging basahin)
Noli Me Tangere hindi dahil mayaman ka babasahin
na ang akda mo
! Ikinumpara ni Regidor sa Don Quijote ni Miguel
Cervantes.
Blumentriit dugo ng puso
! Ginagamit ang ideas ni Rizal sa buhay natin.
! Mahirap ang buhay sa ibang bansa.
! Rizal embraced death.
Jacinto sent by Bonifacio to rescue Rizal;
Rizal: No, no, no!
Rizal acknowledged before his death
Jacinto to the rescue
Valenzuela opinyon ni Rizal sa rebolusyon?
Katipunan: Rizal as password
! Katipon anak ng bayan
! Kawal Gomburza
! Bayani Rizal (mataas na antas sa katipunan)
How to move up?
Katipon " kawal
Kawal " bayani
Rizal
!
!

!
!

Recruit many people.

Pag naging opisyal ng supreme
council.

honorary President of Katipunan

president of various organizations
o La Liga Filipina
o Indios Bravos
o La Solidaridad
kometa once in a lifetime dumating ayon kay
Blumentritt
ipinangalan sa school, daan, university;
monumento, roads, hoilday batas

Saan sa Pilipinas ang kauna-unahang bantayog ni

Rizal?
! Daet, Camarines Norte
! 2 years after Rizals death
! 15 feet
After Rizals death
! Newspapers other country published
! Compared to Bonifacio kahit sino kayang
gawin ang ginawa niya; short time nakilala
! Rizal: special
! Boyhood " 35 (death); dedicated
Leon Ma. Guerrero
Why Rizal?
1. We can do better
2. He is first in our hearts

3. Virtue > victory

Sacrifice > success
Nasagot:
1. Bakit pambansang bayani
2. Sino ang pumili

Related works to de Ocampos Why is Rizal Our

Greatest National Hero:
Camilo Osias
Leopoldo Yabes
Rizal
!
!
!
!
!

Rizal, A Pioneer Internationalist

Rizal: Nationalist and
Internationalist

di katulad ng kumbensyunal na bayani (i.e.

Bonifacio)
kalinya ni Socrates, Jesus, Sun Yat Sen, buddha
may Rizal na hero ng bansa pero may Rizal na
higit pa sa bayani
universal men = kalinya ni Rizal
o Leo Tolstoy
pagdating sa modern ideas

Veneration without Understanding

! Renato Constantino national historian
Key upang makalibre:
FILIPINO RESISTANCE TO COLONIAL IMPRESSION
IS THE UNIFYING TREND TO PHILIPPINE HISTORY.
Sun Yat Sen/Mao Tse Tung China
Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
December 15, 1896 Manifesto ni Rizal
June 1896 Pio Valenzuela " Rizals opinion on
revolution
! Pio V.: rebolusyon
! Rizal: NO!
Bakit tinutulan ni Rizal ang rebolusyon?
1. Kulang sa armas " pera
2. Kunin ang suporta ng mayayaman
3. Antonio Luna maging leader ng military
operations ng rebolusyon
Bonifacio: wrong interpretation of #2
! Naging dahilan ng pagpapahirap sa mayaman
! Mayaman: nagalit lalo sa KKK
Reporma

Top

Bottom

Education
! Perpektong endorser ng
produktong ito si Rizal
! Ilustrado (non-material
posession)
! Principalia (material
possession)
Unstable, shaky

Rizal underestimated kakayahan ng masa

Epekto ni Rizal (messiah) as hero:

1. Cult milernaryo/millenarian
2. Nawala ang focus sa ibang bayani
a. Andres too radical
b. Mabini too undegenerate
c. Antonio Luna di mahinahon
Mabini: Irreconcilables ayaw sumumpa sa
flag ng America " exiled sa Guam
Mabini " Guam " bumalik sa Pilipinas
(provided na may magandang nagawa ang
Amerika sa bansa) " uminom ng gatas
(unpasteurized) " cholera
3. Rizal NOT a separatist
a. Reformist
b. Dead already
Rizals The Philippines: A Century Hence
* predicted Americal will occupy Philippines
after Spain
4. Rizal right social class (ilustrado)
5. Rizal symbol of Spanish oppression (focus will
be on the Spaniards)
American " nangialam sa edukasyon
! Dapat may P.E.
! Balanced diet
! Baldwins Primer grade 1 book
o A for Apple
o B for Ball
o Nahirapan ang mga Pilipinong gamitin dahil
wala namang zebra (Z for Zebra) sa bansa
American Period
1. Period of supressed nationalism
2. Laws
a. Flag no Philippine flag/KKK flag
wagayway
b. Sedition no pulong about Philippine
freedom
c. Brigandage no kilusan for freedom
d. Reconcentration bawal lumabas sa
American Camp
Our Task to Make Rizal Obsolete
by Renato Constantino
Note: Ang mga problema noong 1890s ay problema pa
rin ngayon.

19

TH

CENTURY PHILIPPINES
th

Mga maimpluwensiyang bansa noong 19 century:

USA
Spain
Great Britain
China
France
Japan
Germany
! Kasagsagan ng imperialism sa Asia

USA
!
!

April 12, 1861 (Civil War)

Abraham Lincoln: Emancipation Proclamation
(1862)

Great Britain
! mistress of the sea
! Queen Victoria
! Sinakop: India (1859)
! Tinalo: Mughal Empire
! China 2 Opium War
o First O.W. (1839-42) talo ang China;
gave up Hongkong
o Second O.W. (1856-60) talo pa rin ang
China; gave up Kowloon Peninsula
France
! Vietnam
! Cambodia
! Laos
Netherlands
! Indonesia
Japan
! Sakoku policy of restoration for 214 years
(1639 1853)
! Ayaw ng western influence at Christianism
! Lorenzo Ruiz pinatay ng Tokugawa
Shogunate; first Filipino saint
! Pedro Calungsod
! 1853: Nakipagkalakalan si Matthew Perry sa
Japan to open their ports with pagbabanta "
GUNBOAT DIPLOMATION
! Meiji Restoration Mutsuhito (emperor)
o End of feudalism
o After nito " kinopya ng Japan ang navy
ng Britain, France, Germany at tinesting.
1894-1895
Sino-Japanese War
! China very resistant to change; longest
continuing dynasty
! Nanalo ang Japan
! China gave up Taiwan
1904-1905
Russo-Japanese War
! 70% ng Russia ay nasa Asia
! sentro ng Russia Moscow (nasa Europe)
! Nang atakihin ng Japan ang Russia, ang fastest
way ay dumaan sa Suez Canal
! Hindi sila nakadaan dahil ang Suez Canal ay
property ng UK (ally ng Japan)
! Dumaan sila sa Cape of Good Hope
! Natalo ang Russia
! Gave up Manchuria
!