Upper Intermediate wordlist with English Profile level description

Wordlist

Part of
speech

a good thing

noun phrase

a high level of

noun phrase

a high profile

noun phrase

a lot of

Definition

Example

B2

If it's a good thing that something happened, it is

lucky that it happened.

Its a good thing I didnt send that email.

B2

If someone or something has a high level of

A focus puller requires a high level of expertise.
something, they have a large amount of that thing.
If someone or something has a high profile, they
receive a lot of public attention.

A1

ability

noun

B1

about

adverb

A1

abruptly
absentmindedly
absolutely

adverb

C2

adverb

B1

absorb

verb

C1

adverb

the physical or mental skill or qualities that you

need to do something
used before a number or amount to mean
approximately
suddenly and unexpectedly

Can you name someone from your country with a

high profile internationally?
Theres a lot of laughing, shouting and screaming
and crying as well.
Satellites give us the ability to look at our planet
with a global perspective.
About eight out of ten people said they usually got
their bread at the supermarket.
Our conversation was abruptly terminated.

as though you are thinking about something else

He was playing absent-mindedly with his pen.

a large amount of

completely
The plot was absolutely ridiculous.
to understand and remember facts that you read or
It's hard to absorb so much information.
hear

abstract

adjective

B2

Abstract art involves shapes and colours and not

images of real things or people.

academic

adjective

B2

related to education, schools, universities, etc

accent

noun

B1

the way in which someone pronounces words,

influenced by the country or area they come from, an American accent
or their social class

accept

verb

B1

to agree to take something that is offered to you

I don't think we can accept that.

access

noun

B1

accidentally

adverb

B2

when you have the right or opportunity to use or

see something
by chance or by mistake

Are patients given access to their own medical

records?
I accidentally locked myself out of my flat.

acclaim

noun

praise from a lot of people

Shes won international acclaim and awards.

accompany

verb

B1

to happen or exist at the same time as something

else

accomplishmen
noun
t

C1

when you succeed in doing something good

according to

preposition

B1

as said by someone or shown by something

accountable

adjective

C2

accusation

noun

C1

accuse

verb

B2

to say that someone has done something bad

The teachers' book is accompanied by a video

cassette.
Her greatest accomplishment would be if, one day,
her work wasnt needed!
According to one version, he was blown off course
by bad weather.
On a film set, everybody is accountable to the
director.
He made a number of accusations against his
former colleagues.
She has been accused of using his password to
delete information.

accuse

verb

B2

to say that someone has done something bad

He was falsely accused of murder.

achieve

verb

B1

What do you hope to have achieved after six

months in the job?

across-theboard

adjective

act as

phrasal verb

to succeed in doing something good, usually by

working hard
happening or having an effect on people at every
level and in every area
to do a particular job, especially one that you do
not normally do

B2

having to be responsible for what you do and able

to explain your actions
when you say that someone has done something
bad

Well, its a kind of abstract sculpture, maybe a

monument.
Schools should focus on academic subjects rather
than vocational training.

There has been an across-the-board improvement.

I act as a representive for our members at
different events.

very involved in an organization or planned

activity
a woman whose job is to perform in plays and
films
a way of treating pain or illness by putting thin
needles into different parts of the body
to change a book or play so that it can be made
into a film or television programme

I play quite an active part in the Screenwriters'

Guild.

active

adjective

B2

actress

noun

A2

acupuncture

noun

adapt

verb

B2

adjustment

noun

B2

admin

noun

admit

verb

advance

adjective

advertising

noun

advisable

adjective

advise

verb

B1

advise

verb

B1

advisor

noun

C1

aesthetic

adjective

relating to beauty and the way something looks

the aesthetic appeal of cats

age group

noun

people of a particular age

job training for people in the 16-24 age group

agree

verb

A2

to have the same opinion as someone

Are we all agreed on that?

agree

verb

B1

to decide something with someone

Im afraid we cant agree to cancel the entire cost.

B1

B2

His mother was an actress.

Acupuncture is considered to be an alternative
medicine.
Both novels have been adapted for television.

a slight change that you make to something so that

We've made a few adjustments to the schedule.
it works better, fits better, or is more suitable
the work of organising and arranging the operation
of something such as a business
to agree that you did something bad, or that
something bad is true
happening or ready before an event
the business of trying to persuade people to buy
products or services
If something is advisable, it will avoid problems if
you do it.
to make a suggestion about what you think
someone should do or how they should do
something
to make a suggestion about what you think
someone should do or how they should do
something
someone whose job is to give advice about a
subject

He works in the admin department.

He admitted that he didnt want a job.
advance planning/warning
an advertising agency
Its advisable to get tickets for one act only.
Id advise against it.

His doctor advised him to take time off work.

a financial advisor

alarm clock

noun

A2

alien
alive

adjective
adjective

B1

a clock that you can set to wake you up at a

particular time with a loud noise
relating to creatures from another planet
living, not dead

all in all

phrase

B2

considering everything

All in all, you have to admit thats not a bad result!

all sorts of
things

noun phrase

A2

many different things

There's sweets, toys and all sorts of things.

allegation

noun

C1

when you say that someone has done something

wrong or illegal, without proof that this is true

allegations of corruption

allocate

verb

C1

allow

verb

C1

all-purpose

adjective

ally

noun

C1

alternative

adjective

B2

alternative
(noun)

noun

B2

alternatively

adverb

B2

used to give a second possibility

Alternatively, he could hide somewhere and wait.

ambassador

noun

B2

the main official sent by the government of a

country to represent it in another country

the French ambassador to Britain

amid

preposition

C1

while something else is happening

Security was increased amid fears of further

terrorist attacks.

amuse

verb

B2

to make someone smile or laugh

Was the structure built just to amuse people?

amuse

verb

B2

analysis

noun

B2

My alarm clock went off at six.

an alien spacecraft
Are your grandparents still alive?

to give some time, money, space, etc to be used for The government has promised to allocate extra
a particular purpose
money for health care.
Satellites allow us to look at our planet with a
to make it possible for someone to do something
global perspective.
used to do many different things
an all-purpose tool
someone who supports you, especially when other
These people became our allies.
people are against you
different from something else but able to be used We can make alternative arrangements if
instead of it
necessary.
one of two or more things that you can choose
It's a low-fat alternative to butter.
between

to keep someone interested and help them to have I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was
an enjoyable time
on the train.
the process of examining the details of something
a detailed analysis
carefully

ancient

adjective

B1

very old

and all that

phrase

B1

and everything related to the subject mentioned

and so forth

phrase

and so on

phrase

A2

and stuff

phrase

B1

and things

phrase

B1

and what have

you
and whatnot

phrase
phrase

It's a historic town with some very impressive

ancient buildings and statues.
Stellas bringing some Indian pop Bollywood
music and all that .

together with other similar things

What about games and activities and so forth?

together with other similar things

The meals all planned the starters, meat dishes,

vegetarian dishes and so on.

and other things, which may or may not be similar

Ill bring some salsa and meringue and stuff.
or related
By vegetarian dishes, do you mean salads and
and other things of a similar type
things?
I think we should stick with balloons and what
and other similar things
have you.
and other things of a similar type
OK, now what about snacks and whatnot.
a robot machine controlled by computer which is
We watched a movie about androids.
made to look like a human

android

noun

angel

noun

B1

angle

noun

C1

announce

verb

B1

anonymous

adjective

C2

the way you think about a situation

to tell people about something officially or with
force or confidence
not giving a name

answer

noun

B1

a solution to a problem

answer to

phrasal verb

antibiotic

noun

C2

anticipate

verb

C1

anxiety

noun

B2

a spiritual creature like a human with wings, who

some people believe lives with God in heaven

a statue of an angel
Try looking at the problem from my angle.
She announced that shed require indoor parking
for her moped.
an anonymous phone call
At what time of day do you find it easiest to find
out answers to problems?

to take orders from, obey and explain your actions

On a film set, everybody answers to the director.
to someone
a medicine which cures infections by destroying
harmful bacteria
to expect something, or to prepare for something
before it happens
the feeling of being very worried

Im going to give you a couple of prescriptions.

One of thems an antibiotic, the others a painkiller.
to anticipate a problem
That explains his anxiety about her health.

It can be anywhere between two hundred and four

hundred people.
Nobody knows about this apart from a few
friends.

anywhere

adverb

A2

in or to any place

apart from

phrase

B1

except for or in addition to

apologise

verb

B1

apology

noun

B1

appalled

adjective

C2

apparently

adverb

B2

appeal

verb

B2

used to say that something seems to be true,

although it is not certain
to interest or attract someone

appear in (sth)

phrasal verb

B1

to perform in a film, play, etc.

appear to

phrasal verb

B1

to seem to

applicant

noun

application

noun

B1

an official request for a job

apply

verb

B1

to request something, usually officially, especially

by writing or sending in a form

The gentleman standing at the table appears to be

opening the family jewel-box.
There were over fifty applicants for the job.
There were more than fifty applications for the
post.
What are your reasons for applying for this
position?

appoint

verb

C1

to officially choose someone for a job

He was appointed as company director last year.

appointment

noun

A2

a time you have arranged to meet someone or go

somewhere

How easy is it to make an appointment at a clinic

or with a doctor?

appreciate

verb

B2

to feel grateful for something

We very much appreciated the efforts you made.

to tell someone that you are sorry about something

He apologised for the interruption.
you have done
something you say or write to say that you are
I would like to receive a formal apology from the
sorry about something you have done
directors of the hotel.
extremely shocked or upset

someone who applies for a job

apprenticeship noun
approach

noun

B2

appropriate

adjective

B2

I was appalled by his words and refused to pay.

Apparently, he goes to quite a good school.
That doesnt really appeal to me.
She appeared in his latest movie.

when someone learns the skills needed to do a job

Employees whove done apprenticeships are better
by working for someone who already has skills and
than those with paper qualifications.
experience
A different approach would be to inform the head
a way of doing something
of the lab.
suitable or right for a particular situation or person Is this film appropriate for young children?

to allow or officially agree to something

The council has approved plans for a new

shopping centre.

approve

verb

B1

arch

noun

C2

archaeologist

noun

C1

area
arise

noun
verb

B2
C1

arm wrestle

noun

arnica

noun

arrest

verb

B1

artificial

adjective

B2

a substance used to treat minor injuries such as

bruises
If the police arrest someone, they take them away
to ask them about a crime which they might have
committed.
not natural, but made by people

as

conjunction

A2

because

as far as

phrase

B2

as much as

as long as

phrase

B1

used when you are talking about something that

must happen before something else can happen

Theres a chance the ISPs will take action as long

as they can all agree to act together.

as you know

phrase

B1

As you know, money was recently allocated for

improvements to the caf.

ashamed

adjective

B1

ask

verb

A1

used to emphasize that someone does know what

you are referring to
feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you
have done
to say something to someone as a question which
you want them to answer

asleep

adjective

B1

sleeping or not awake

assess

verb

B2

to make a judgment about the quality, size, value,

etc of something

a curved structure that usually supports

something, for example a bridge or wall
someone who studies ancient cultures by looking
for and examining their buildings, tools, and other
objects
a part of a subject or activity
to start to happen or exist
a contest in which two people try to press each
other's arm down to see who is stronger

You enter the palace through a grand marble arch.

He is an archaeologist.
Ill be looking at four main areas.
I'll let you know if any vacancies arise.
He challenged me to an arm wrestle.
He gave me arnica for the bruising.
She was arrested for hacking into his computer.
an artificial flower/lake
If I were you, Id go for the second as it offers value
for money.
As far as I can remember it was the fifteenth
century.

You've got nothing to be ashamed of.

If you dont mind me asking, whats the big hurry?
I fell asleep I started to sleep as soon as my head
hit the pillow.
The tests are designed to assess a child's reading
skills.

assignment

noun

C1

a piece of work or job that you are given to do

a written assignment

assist
assistance

verb
noun

B2
B2

to help
help

associate

verb

B2

to relate two things, people, etc in your mind

assume

verb

B2

to think that something is likely to be true,

although you have no proof

assurance

noun

C1

a promise

astonished
astronomical
at all
at ease
at the end of
the day

adjective
adjective
phrase
phrase

B2

atom

noun

B2

very surprised
relating to astronomy
in any way
feeling relaxed and comfortable
something that you say before you give the most
important fact of a situation
the smallest unit that an element can be divided
into

The army assisted in the search.

financial/medical assistance
Most people associate this brand with good
quality.
Everything was quiet when I got home so I
assumed that you had gone out.
I would like to receive an assurance that the
employee has been disciplined.
I was astonished to hear what he said.
astronomical research
Sorry but we dont understand that at all.
I felt completely at ease with him.
At the end of the day, you have to admit thats not
a bad result!

attach

verb

B1

attraction

noun

B1

attractive

adjective

A2

attribute

noun

C2

attribute (sth)
to (sth)

phrasal verb

B2

audio book

B1

idiom

to join or fix one thing to another

an oxygen atom
Another machine attaches the cover to the book
block using hot glue to hold everything together.

something that makes people come to a place or

want to do a particular thing
beautiful or pleasant to look at
a quality or characteristic that someone or
something has

The Eiffel Tower quickly became a tourist

attraction.
an attractive woman

to say that something is caused by something else

He attributes his success to hard work.

noun

a book that has been read aloud by an actor and

recorded

I listen to audio books while I'm driving.

audio tour

noun

recorded information about a place such as a

museum that you can listen to as you visit it

You can rent audio tours here.

automatic

adjective

certain to happen as part of the normal process or

system

You get an automatic promotion after two years.

C2

What skills or attributes does he need in his work?

C1

a wide road in a town or city, often with trees along

it
to wake up
a prize given to someone for something they have
achieved
interested in and knowing a lot about a particular
subject

a tree-lined avenue

avenue

noun

awake

verb

award

noun

B2

aware

adjective

B2

awe

noun

C2

a feeling of great respect and sometimes fear

badge

noun

B2

a piece of plastic, metal, etc with words or pictures

She was wearing a badge on her jacket.
on it that you wear on your clothes for decoration

baffle

verb

balance

noun

balding
ball game

He awoke at dawn.
Shes won international acclaim and awards.
As you're aware, Im putting together the agenda
for Mondays meeting.
I was filled with awe at the sheer size of the
building.

If something baffles you, you cannot understand it

The police were baffled by his disappearance.
at all.
when the weight of someone or something is
spread in such a way that they do not fall over

He's good at sailing he must have a good sense of

balance.

adjective
noun

becoming bald
any game that is played with a ball

a balding man
He enjoyed tennis and other ball games.

ballroom
dancing

noun

a type of dancing where a man and a woman dance

I love ballroom dancing.
together using special steps and music

bar code

noun

a row of black lines on something you buy, that a

computer reads to find the price

bark

noun

the hard substance that covers the surface of a tree These trees have very thick bark.

base

noun

C2

basic

adjective

B1

basically

adverb

B2

basis

noun

B2

B2

the most important part of something, from which

other things can develop
being the main or most important part of
something
used to introduce a short explanation about
something
a situation, fact, or idea from which something can
develop

Scan the bar code.

a solid economic base

basic ideas/principles
Basically, the producer isnt very involved in the
interview
I tend to respond to things on a day-to-day basis.

be someone's
thing

verb phrase

If an activity or subject is someone's thing, they are

This one isnt really my thing.
very interested in it and like doing it.

be sure to

phrase

to be certain to

be used to
something

verb phrase

B1

beach

noun

A1

an area of sand or small stones next to the sea

a sandy beach

beauty

noun

B1

the quality of being beautiful

The whole area is famous for its natural beauty.

before long

phrase

B2

soon

believe

verb

A2

believe in

phrasal verb

B1

bell

noun

B2

belong to

phrasal verb

B1

beneath

preposition

B2

benefit

noun

B1

benzene

noun

besides

adverb

B1

used to give another reason for something

best (noun)

noun

B1

someone or something that is better than any

other

bestseller

noun

B2

a very popular book that many people have bought Her books became bestsellers.

Be sure to go to the Kabuki Theatre when you're in

Tokyo.
to be familiar with something, having experienced Do you know anyone who is used to a lot of
it many times
pressure in their daily life?

He'll be home before long.

We believe that the money should be spent in four
to think something, without being completely sure
areas.
to be confident that something is effective and
Not everyone believes in homeopathy.
right
an electrical object that makes a ringing sound
Please ring the bell for attention.
when you press a switch
to be a member of a group or organisation
under something, or in a lower position than
something
something that helps you or gives you an
advantage
a colourless liquid made from petroleum, from
which plastics and many chemical products can be
made

I belong to a local charity.

He hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
That kind of medicine offers no benefit.
He was trying to work out the chemical structure
of benzene.
We just dont have the room. And besides, its not
just you.
A successful journalist knows how to get the best
out of somebody.

an expression used to tell someone that what you

are about to say should be kept secret

between you
and me

phrase

big-budget

adjective

B2

costing a large amount of money

bilingual

adjective

C1

biological

adjective

B2

using or able to speak two languages

connected with the natural processes of living
things
an official document that records when and where
a person was born
to cut something using your teeth
very strange and surprising
with dark marks on your skin caused by being hit
or having an accident
when people say that someone or something is
responsible for something bad
If a place is bleak, it is cold, empty and not
attractive.

birth certificate noun

B1
B2

Between you and me I think his company's in

trouble.
A DP on big-budget films will experience many of
the things a director does.
a bilingual dictionary
biological sciences
You must provide a copy of your birth certificate.
She bit into an apple.
bizarre behaviour
I feel and hurt my knee. It was black and blue for
ages.
The manager should take the blame for the team's
defeat.

bite
bizarre

verb
adjective

black and blue

idiom

blame

noun

B2

bleak

adjective

C2

blend

noun

C2

a combination of two or more things

Their music is a blend of jazz and African rhythms.

blond

adjective

A2

with pale yellow hair

blond hair

blow up

phrasal verb

B1

to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb They threatened to blow up the plane.

bone

noun

B1

one of the hard pieces that make the structure

inside a human or animal

She broke a bone in her foot.

bonfire

noun

a large fire outside, often used for burning waste

We put the old chair on the bonfire.

boom
bossy

noun
adjective

B2

Make sure the boom stays out of the shot.

My sister's really bossy.

bounce

verb

B2

box

noun

A1

brake

noun

B1

a long pole that holds a microphone

always telling other people what to do
to hit a surface and then move quickly away, or to
make something do this
a square or rectangular container
the part of a vehicle that makes it stop or go more
slowly

a bleak landscape

The ball bounced high into the air.

a cardboard box
I slammed my foot on the brake.

branch

noun

B1

bratty

adjective

break down

phrasal verb

B1

break into

phrasal verb

B1

break off

phrasal verb

B2

break off

phrasal verb

breakthrough
(noun)

noun

briefcase

noun

briefly
bright
brighten (sth)
up

adjective
adjective

bring along

phrasal verb

bring out the

worst in
someone

verb phrase

broad

adjective

broadcaster

one of several shops, offices, etc that are part of a

company or organisation
behaving in an unpleasant, childish way
If a system, relationship, or discussion breaks
down, it fails because there is a problem or
disagreement.
to get into a building, car or container using force,
usually to steal something

a bank with branches all over the country

your bratty friends
The relationship between the neighbours broke
down completely.
She broke into someone's locker.

to suddenly stop speaking or doing something

Do you know anyone whos broken off an

engagement?

to separate from a larger piece

One of the branches broke off.

an important discovery or development that helps

solve a problem
a flat, rectangular case with a handle for carrying
documents, books, etc
for a short time
full of light or shining strongly

He had his first breakthrough with a collection of

short stories at the age of 49.
Where is my briefcase?

to make something more colourful and attractive

We could brighten up the caf with some flowers.

to take someone with you

We invite each participant to bring along a

supporter.

to cause someone to behave badly or show

negative qualities

He can bring out the worst in people.

B1

including a wide range of things

The magazine covers a broad range of subjects.

noun

B2

someone whose job is to speak on radio or

television programmes

He was a famous broadcaster in the 1930s.

bronze

adjective

C2

made of bronze (= a shiny orange-brown metal)

a bronze statue

Buddha

noun

build up

phrasal verb

B2

B1
B1

phrasal verb
A2

C1

a model of the Indian holy man on whose life and

teachings Buddhism is based
to increase or develop, or to make something
increase or develop

We chatted briefly about the weather.

It's nice and bright.

There was a Buddha in the corner of the room.

Students should follow their interests earlier to
build up experience.

a small, metal object that is fired from a gun

a bullet wound
someone who intentionally frightens a person who
He was such a bully.
is smaller or weaker than them

bullet

noun

B2

bully

noun

C1

bungalow

noun

bureaucratic

adjective

C2

involving long and difficult dealings with officials

by that time

phrase

A2

at that moment

cable

noun

B2

calculate

verb

B2

call (verb)

verb

B2

a wire covered by plastic that carries electricity,

telephone signals, etc
to discover an amount or number using
mathematics
to ask someone to come somewhere

call off

phrasal verb

B2

to decide that a planned event will not happen

calmly

adverb

B2

in a relaxed way

campaign

noun

C1

camper van

noun

campus

noun

B2

cant

modal verb

B1

cannot

cancer

noun

B1

a serious disease that is caused when cells in the

body grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not
normal

breast/lung cancer

candidate

noun

B2

one of the people taking part in an election or

trying to get a job

Interviewers sometimes observe candidates

having group discussions, to see how they interact.

canopy

noun

the main part of a parachute, made from cloth

caramel

noun

a sweet made from sugar, milk, and butter

a house that has all its rooms on the ground floor

a series of organised activities or events intended

to achieve a result
a vehicle containing a bed, kitchen equipment, etc
that you can live in
the land and buildings belonging to a college or
university

They live in a bungalow.

I had a lot of bureaucratic hassle trying to get the
information I needed.
By that time, wed been waiting more than two
hours.
overhead power cables
to calculate a cost/percentage
We called a meeting.
When was the last time you had to call off a
meeting?
Think of something you find difficult to think about
calmly.
an advertising/election campaign
We went away in our camper van.
Distance learning isnt as effective as face to face
or on-campus learning.
It cant have been because I paid. He knew I was
going to.

The strings attached to the canopy got tangled

around my legs.
chocolates with a caramel centre

with great attention

Think of something you choose carefully when

shopping.
She threw her bag carelessly into the corner of the
room.
The front carriage of the train is for first-class
passengers only.
Think of a subject you wish youd carried on
studying for longer.
But even if thats the case, I still don't think it's
right.

carefully

adverb

A2

carelessly

adverb

B2

carriage

noun

C1

one of the separate parts of a train where the

passengers sit

carry on

phrasal verb

B1

to continue doing something

case

noun

B1

a particular situation or example of something

catalogue

noun

B2

a book with a list of all the goods that you can buy
from a shop, or of all the books, paintings, etc that a clothing catalogue
you can find in a place

celebrate

verb

B1

to take part in special enjoyable activities in order

to show that a particular occasion is important

Celsius

noun

ceremony

noun

chalkboard

noun

challenge

verb

challenge

verb

change (verb)

verb

A1

to stop having or using one thing, and start having I did ask about changing the date, but half the
or using another
sales team are on a training course.

change
someone's
behaviour

verb phrase

A2

to cause someone to act differently

Shes changed peoples minds and behaviour.

change
someone's
mind

verb phrase

B1

to cause someone to think differently or to have

different beliefs

Shes changed peoples minds and behaviour.

B1

B2

a measurement of temperature in which water

freezes at zero degrees Celcius and boils at 100
degrees Celcius.
a formal event that is performed on important
social or religious occasions
a board with a dark surface that you can write on
with chalk

The monument is in the shape of a spire and was

erected to celebrate the Millennium.
250 degrees Celsius
a wedding/marriage ceremony
The name of each scene is written on a chalk
board.

to invite someone to compete in a game or fight

He challenged me to an arm wrestle.

to invite someone to compete in a game or fight

He challenged Smith to a fight.

B1

the way in which something is described by

showing its main qualities
pleasant or attractive

I would argue with her characterisation of the

country as 'hostile'.
A row of charming little shops.

phrasal verb

C1

to go to a place in order to see what it is like

Check out the food floors in department stores.

check-out

noun

B1

check-up

noun

cheek
cheerful
chemical

noun
adjective
adjective

B1
B2
B2

chest

noun

C2

childish

adjective

B2

chilly

adjective

C1

the place in a large shop, especially a food shop,

where you pay for your goods
a general medical examination to see if you are
healthy
the soft part of your face below your eye
bright and pleasant to look at
relating to chemistry or chemicals
a strong, usually wooden, container with a lid,
used for keeping things in
Childish behaviour is silly, like that of a small
child.
unpleasantly cold

choice

noun

B1

the things or people you can choose from

choir
chore
circle

noun
noun
verb

B2
C1
B1

circuit

noun

C2

a group of people who sing together

a boring job that you must do
to draw a circle around something
a complete circle that an electric current travels
around

circumstances noun

B2

characterisatio
noun
n
charming
adjective
check out

a supermarket checkout
Are people encouraged to regular check-ups?
Tears ran down his cheeks.
It's nice and cheerful.
a chemical reaction
a treasure chest
Don't be so childish!
a chilly evening
Do patients have a choice between public and
private hospitals?
a school/church choir
household chores
Circle the answer you think is correct.
an electrical circuit

facts or events that make a situation the way it is

I usually react to circumstances and tend to

respond to things spontaneously.

civil servant

noun

someone who works in one of the government

departments responsible for putting central
government plans into action

He is a civil servant.

civil war

noun

a war between groups of people who live in the

same country

He was killed in the civil war.

civilisation

noun

B2

a society with well developed social organisations,

one of the world's great civilisations
or the culture and way of life of a society

B2

to say that something is true, although you have

not proved it
to suddenly stop talking, usually because you are
embarrassed or nervous
to suddenly stop talking, usually because you are
embarrassed or nervous

Other sources claim that he was following the

route of an earlier explorer.
What do you do when the person you're
interviewing just clams up.
He was afraid he would clam up in front of the
television camera.

claim

verb

clam up

phrasal verb

clam up

phrasal verb

classic

adjective

B2

having a traditional style that is always fashionable classic dance moves

clean and tidy

phrase

A2

with nothing dirty and everything ordered and in

the right place

clean up

phrasal verb

A1

to make a person or place clean and tidy

clear
clear

adjective
verb

A2
B1

easy to understand or see

to get rid of something

clerk

noun

climb down

phrasal verb

B2

close down

phrasal verb

B2

close down

phrasal verb

B2

clothing

noun

B2

clue

noun

B2

someone who works in an office or bank, keeping

records and doing general office work

coffee machine noun

to change your opinion or admit that you are

wrong
If a business or organization closes down, or if
someone or something closes it down, it stops
operating.
If a business or organisation closes down, it stops
operating.
clothes, especially of a particular type
a sign or a piece of information that helps you to
solve a problem or answer a question
a machine from which you can buy coffee and
other hot drinks by putting coins into it
in an informal situation

colloquially

adverb

combine

verb

B2

to do two or more activities at the same time

come

verb

B1

to have or achieve a particular position in a race,

competition, list, etc.

Wow! The kitchens so clean and tidy. Nice work!

She decides what day and time we should meet to
clean up the area.
Is that clear?
He cleared all my doubts.
a bank clerk
We climbed down the mountain.
After a lot of problems with the bank, we had to
close down the factory.
My brother's company recently closed down.
outdoor/protective clothing
Police are searching the area for clues to the
murder.
I need some coins for the coffee machine.
This is the language we use colloquially.
I don't know how she combines working with
studying.
Former justice minister Laurence Taylor came
second with 31% of the vote.

come across

phrasal verb

C1

to seem to be a particular type of person

Enrico comes across as very serious at first,but

actually hes got a lovely sense of humour.

come across
something

phrasal verb

B2

to find something by chance

We were walking through the woods when we

came across a strange little house.

come along

phrasal verb

C2

to start to exist

Discussions are coming along slowly as there are a

few problems with the draft contract

come as

phrasal verb

come back to

phrasal verb

come down

phrasal verb

come in

phrasal verb

come into use

verb phrase

come out

phrasal verb

B1

come round

phrasal verb

A2

come to

phrasal verb

B2

come to
someone

phrasal verb

come up

phrasal verb

C1

come up with

phrasal verb

B2

commemorate

verb

C2

A1

If an event or decision comes as a shock,

The results have come as a shock to the ruling
disappointment or relief, etc., it causes those
party.
feelings.
to talk again about something that you mentioned
Ill come back to that later.
earlier
I like the way the sunlight comes down through the
to fall and land on the ground
clouds.
Our wonderful recipes will come in useful for
to become involved in a situation, story or plan
parties or quiet dinners for two.
What kinds of technology and equipment are are
to start to be used
starting to come into use?
If a book, record, film, etc comes out, it becomes
The first of Hrabals collected writings came out in
available for people to buy or see.
1991.
Would you like to come round for dinner this
to visit someone at their house
weekend?
to be a particular total when numbers or amounts What would you do if a restaurant bill came to a
are added together
lot less than you expected?
If a thought or idea comes to you, you suddenly
The image of the famous monster came to the
start to think about it.
author in her sleep.
If a problem or difficult situation comes up, it
Im going to be late again tonight - somethings
happens.
come up at work.
The purpose of mediation is to allow the
to suggest or think of an idea or plan
participants to come up with solutions for
themselves.
to do something to show you remember an
Statues often commemorate a past event.
important person or event in the past with respect

commercial

adjective

B2

commitment

noun

B2

common

adjective

B1

common
language

noun phrase

B1

relating to buying and selling things

when you are willing to give your time and energy
to something that you believe in
happening often or existing in large numbers
a language that everyone in two or more groups
speaks
the natural ability to be practical and to make good
decisions
someone who is able to tell people about their
ideas and emotions in a way that other people
understand

commercial logging
We are looking for someone with talent,
enthusiasm, and commitment.
Its increasingly common for people to call you
first.

The children shouldn't be in any danger as long as

they use their common sense.

common sense noun

B1

communicator

noun

B1

community
service

noun phrase

companion

noun

B2

compensate

verb

C2

compensate

verb

C1

complain

verb

B1

complaint

noun

B1

complete

adjective

B1

complicated

adjective

B1

complimentary adjective

C2

given free, especially by a business

a complimentary glass of wine

composition

C2

the process of writing something

There is a story connected to the poem's

composition.

noun

work that someone who has committed a crime

does to help other people instead of going to
prison
someone who you spend a lot of time with or go
somewhere with
to reduce the bad effect of something, or make
something bad become something good
to pay someone money because you are
responsible for injuring them or damaging
something
to say that something is wrong or that you are
annoyed about something

Being an effective communicator is an important

part of management.
Two teenagers were sentenced to 360 hours of
community service.
a travelling companion
We believe we should be compensated for our
losses.
Victims of the crash will be compensated for their
injuries.
She complained that she hadnt had lunch.

Id like to make a complaint about the extremely

when someone says that something is wrong or not
rude and unprofessional behaviour of one of your
satisfactory
staff.
used to emphasize what you are saying
It was complete rubbish.
involving a lot of different parts, in a way that is
It's kind of complicated.
difficult to understand

compromise

verb

B2

compromise
(noun)

noun

B2

compulsory

adjective

B2

computer
literate

adjective

to agree to something that is not exactly what you

want
when you agree to something which is not exactly
what you want
If something is compulsory, you must do it
because of a rule or law.

The ability to compromise is essential for the job.

They talked it over and came up with a
compromise.
Its compulsory to vote here.

able to used computers well

You need to be computer literate in this job.

to direct your attention or efforts towards a

particular activity or subject
if we are discussing or thinking about a particular
thing
trusting someone's ability or believing that
something will produce good results
when things must be kept secret, especially in an
official situation

Do you prefer to concentrate on one problem at a

time or tackle several at once?

concentrate on phrasal verb

B1

concerned

adjective

B2

confidence

noun

B2

confidentiality

noun

C1

confusion

noun

B2

when you think that one person or thing is another There was confusion over which baby was which.

connect

verb

B1

to join two things or places together

I think we should connect that page to Portraits.

connotation

noun

The word 'second-hand' has connotations of poor

quality.

consensus

noun

C2

the feelings or ideas that words or actions give in

addition to their usual meanings
when all the people in a group agree about
something

consent

noun

C1

consequence

noun

B2

consequent

adjective

conservation
conservative

noun
adjective

B2
C1

consider

verb

B1

permission for someone to do something

Thats it as far as lifestyle is concerned.

I hope that you will be able to restore my
confidence in your hotel.
We expect total confidentiality.

to reach a consensus
You can't come without your parents' consent.

the result of an action or situation, especially a bad

The ship capsized, with disastrous consequences.
result
the closure of the factory and the consequent loss
happening as a result of something
of 400 jobs
the protection of nature
wildlife conservation
not trusting sudden changes or new ideas
Older people tend to be very conservative.
to think carefully about a decision or something
Yes, I think that solution is worth considering.
you might do

The cost of marine expeditions is rising, but the

results would be of considerable benefit.
We hope that our proposals will be given serious
consideration.

considerable

adjective

B2

large or important enough to have an effect

consideration

noun

B2

when you think about something very carefully

consist of (sth) phrasal verb

B1

to be made of or formed from something

consistent

adjective

C2

always behaving or happening in a similar, usually

consistent effort/improvement
positive, way

consistently

adverb

C2

without changing or stopping

I've been training consistently for many years.

conspirator

noun

someone who secretly plans with other people to

do something bad or illegal

All the conspirators were caught.

constantly

adverb

B2

all the time or often

The present machine breaks down constantly.

construct
construction

verb
noun

B2
B2

to build something from several parts

something large that is built

The building was constructed in 1930.

This steel construction is 20m tall.

consumer

noun

B2

someone who buys or uses goods or services

These price cuts are good news for consumers.

contact

verb

A2

contact details noun phrase

The concert will consist ofa series of songs.

A2

when you communicate with someone, especially We will certainly contact you if any suitable
by speaking to them
vacancies arise in the future.
your telephone number, email address, etc. that
We have your contact details and we will to get in
people can use to talk or write to you
touch if we require your assistance.
a small piece of plastic that you put on your eye to
I wear contact lenses.
make you see more clearly

contact lens

noun

contribute

verb

B2

to give something or do something in order to

achieve something together with other people

Do come to the meeting if you feel you have

something to contribute.

contribution

noun

B2

something that you do to help produce or develop

something, or to help make something successful

What contributions will you make to good staff

relations?

controversial

adjective

B2

a controversial decision/issue

controversy

noun

C1

causing a lot of disagreement or argument

a lot of disagreement and argument about
something

convenience

noun

B2

when something is convenient

The sculpture caused a lot of controversy at first.

We look forward to discussing them further at a
time of your convenience.

B2

traditional and ordinary

conventional farming/medicine

conventional

adjective

conveyor belt

noun

convinced
cookie

adjective
noun

B2
A2

completely certain about something

a thin, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet

I'm not really convinced.

chocolate chip cookies

cool down

phrasal verb

B2

to become less hot

She waited for her coffee to cool down.

cooperation

noun

B2

when you work together with someone or do what

international cooperation
they ask you

a continuous moving piece of rubber or metal used

The goods move along a conveyor belt.
to transport objects from one place to another

someone who reports news for newspapers,

television, or radio, usually from another country

correspondent noun
corridor

noun

B2

corruption

noun

C1

cost

verb

A2

cottage

noun

B1

could

modal verb

B2

couldnt

modal verb

B2

coursework

noun

cover

verb

B1

cover (verb)

verb

B1

cover letter

noun

a correspondent for the New York Times

a passage in a building or train with rooms on one

We passed in the corridor.
or both sides
dishonest or immoral behaviour, usually by people
He was arrested for corruption and bribery.
in positions of power
If something costs a particular amount of money,
you have to pay that in order to buy or do it.
a small house, usually in the countryside
used to express possibility, especially slight or
uncertain possibility
used to express possibility, especially slight or
uncertain possibility
work done by students as part of their course of
study
to form a layer on the surface of something
to include or deal with a subject or piece of
information
the American term for covering letter; a letter that
you send with something else, to explain what you
are sending

It cost me another twenty pounds.

They have a cottage in France.
The waiter could have made a mistake in the bill.
He couldn't have felt unhappy with the meal. He
really enjoyed it.
Students grades should be based on coursework
rather than final exams.
Snow covered the trees.
The course covers a range of topics.
I sent the goods with a cover letter.

a letter that you send with something to explain

what it is or to give more information about it

To get to the interview stage, you really need to

sell yourself in your CV and covering letter.

B1

something someone does that is illegal

Deleting online characters may not be a crime, but

breaking into someones computer certainly is.

noun

C1

someone who says that they do not approve of

someone or something

an outspoken critic of the government

criticise

verb

B2

to say that something or someone is bad

It was heavily criticised at first but people are

beginning to warm to it now.

cross

noun

A1

a shape with a long vertical line with a shorter

horizontal line across it or an object with this
shape

The cloth was decorated with crosses.

crucial

adjective

B2

extremely important or necessary

Satellites are absolutely crucial for doing ocean

research.

crude

adjective

C2

cul-de-sac

noun

cure

verb

B1

to make someone with an illness healthy again

curious

adjective

B1

wanting to know or learn about something

current affairs

noun

curriculum

noun

B1

cursor

noun

B2

cut

verb

B2

cut down (sth)

phrasal verb

B2

If you cut down a tree or bush, you make it fall to

the ground by cutting it near the bottom.

We cut down the old apple tree.

cut down on

phrasal verb

B2

to start eating less of something that is bad for

your health

To improve my health, Ive decided to cut down on

less salty and fatty food.

covering letter

noun

crime

noun

critic

made or done in a simple way and without much

skill
a short road with houses which is blocked at one
end

important political or social events which are

happening in the world at the present time

a crude device/weapon
Their house is in a cul-de-sac.
Getting a better chair completely cured my back
problems.
I was curious about his life in India.
a current affairs programme

all the subjects taught in a school, college, etc or on

the school curriculum
an educational course
a symbol on a computer screen which shows the
Put the cursor at the beginning of the word.
place where you are working
to remove part of a film or piece of writing
I think we should cut the About Us page.

The folding machine folds the paper and cuts a

little notch into the spine.

cut into

phrasal verb

A2

to break the surface of something with a sharp tool

cut off

noun

B2

to stop people from continuing a telephone

What should you do if you get cut off during a
conversation by breaking the telephone connection phone call?

cut-off

noun

CV

noun

B1

daydream

verb

C1

day-to-day

adjective

dead or alive
deadline

phrase
noun

B2

debut

noun

C1

decade

noun

B2

deceive

verb

B2

decent

adjective

B2

decide

verb

A2

decorate

verb

B1

dedicate

verb

C1

dedicated

adjective

C1

definitely

adverb

delegate

verb

a fixed point or level at which you stop including

people or things

March 31 is the cut-off date for applications to be

accepted.

a document which describes your qualifications

and the jobs you have done, which you send to an
employer that you want to work for

To get to the interview stage, you really need to

sell yourself in your CV and covering letter.

to have pleasant thoughts about something you

would like to happen
happening every day as a regular part of your job
or your life
whether now living or not
a time by which something must be done
when someone performs or presents something to
the public for the first time

I was staring out of the window, daydreaming.

I tend to respond to things on a day-to-day basis.
We really need to find it. Dead or alive.
to meet/miss a deadline
She made her debut as a pianist in 1975.

a period of ten years

I did not meet him again for more than a decade.

to make someone believe something that is not

true
of a satisfactory quality or level
to choose something after thinking about several
possibilities
to make something look more attractive by putting
things on it or around it
to give your energy, time, etc. completely
believing that something is very important and
giving a lot of time and energy to it

The company deceived customers by selling old

computers as new ones.
He earns a decent salary.
What we decided to do was include English
summaries.
They decorated the room with balloons for her
party.
Shes dedicated herself to saving the panda.

B1

without any doubt

Thats definitely the best price we can manage.

C2

to give someone else part of your work or some of

your responsibilities

You have to be able to delegate if you want to

succeed as a manager.

dedicated teaching staff

deliberately

adverb

B2

intentionally, having planned to do something

Rikyu had deliberately cut down all the flowers!

delicate

adjective

C1

needing to be dealt with very carefully

delighted

adjective

B1

very pleased

Its a bit delicate.

They were really delighted with the restaurant I
chose.

democratic

adjective

B2

demonstrate

verb

C2

depend on

phrasal verb

B1

depth

noun

B1

descent

noun

desirable

adjective

B2

despite

preposition

B1

detect

verb

C1

to discover or notice something, especially

something that is difficult to see, hear, smell, etc

A submersible detected something enormous

passing beneath it.

determination

noun

B2

when someone continues trying to do something,

although it is very difficult

Andy Murray will need great determination and

skill to win this match.

dial

verb

B1

to make a telephone call to a particular number

Dial 0 for the operator.

dialect

noun

C2

dialogue

noun

B2

a form of a language that people speak in a

particular part of a country
the talking in a book, play, or film

differ

verb

B2

to be different

There are many different languages in India and

there are even more dialects.
The dialogue is very clever.
Where exactly was Vinland? Sources differ on this
question.

difficult

adjective

A1

dig

verb

B1

where everyone has equal rights and can help to

make decisions
to express or show that you have a feeling, quality,
or ability
If one thing depends on another, the first thing is
affected by the second thing.
the distance from the top of something to the
bottom
a movement down
If something is desirable, it is very good or
attractive and most people would want it.
used to say that something happened or is true,
although something else makes this seem not
probable

a democratic discussion/debate
He has demonstrated a genuine interest in the
project.
That depends on what we agree.
The lake reaches a maximum depth of 292 metres.
The plane began its descent into Heathrow.
A good education is highly desirable.
I'm still pleased with the house despite all the
problems we've had.

not easy and needing skill or effort to do or

Its a difficult situation.
understand
to break or move the ground with a tool, machine,
Digging the garden is good exercise.
etc

dilute

verb

dining room

noun

A1

to make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water

You need to dilute this before you drink it.
or another liquid to it
a room in which meals are eaten
We had dinner in the dining room.

dip

verb

B2

to put something into a liquid for a short time

She dipped the brush into the paint.

diplomat

noun

B2

someone whose job is to live in another country

and to keep a good relationship between their
government and that country's government

My father was a diplomat.

disagree

verb

B1

to have a different opinion from someone else

about something

disastrous

adjective

C1

discourage

verb

B2

discover

verb

B1

discuss
something
openly

noun phrase

disease

noun

dislocate

verb

dissatisfaction noun
dissertation

noun

distance
degree

noun

distance
learning

noun

B1

B2

extremely bad
to make someone less confident or enthusiastic
about something

In response to RealGuys comments that virtual

worlds are a waste of time, I couldnt disagree
more.
disastrous consequences
I didn't mean to discourage her.

to find something

Who has discovered a new club or caf recently?

to talk about something in a direct and honest way

Do doctors discuss medical treatments openly with

their patients?

an illness caused by an infection or by a failure of

health and not by an accident

heart disease

If you dislocate a part of your body, the bones

move away from their correct position.

I think you've dislocated your shoulder.

when you are not pleased or happy with something

Im writing to express my dissatisfaction with your

staff.

a very long piece of writing done as part of a course

She's writing a dissertation on American poetry.
of study
a degree for which you study at home rather than
at a university, sending and receiving your work by I'm doing a distance degree.
email or post
a way of studying, especially for a degree, where
you study mostly at home, receiving and sending
off work by post

Distance learning isnt as effective as face-to-face

or on-campus learning.

distinction

noun

B2

a difference between two similar things

the distinction between spoken and written

language

distinctive

adjective

C1

Something that is distinctive is easy to recognise

because it is different from other things.

a distinctive style of writing

distinguish

verb

B2

distract

verb

B2

district

noun

B1

disturb

verb

B2

divide

verb

B1

divide into

phrasal verb

B1

to separate something into different bits

Ive divided my talk into three parts.

diving

noun

B1

the activity of swimming under water or moving

towards the bottom of an area of water

The cameras were well below the diving depth of a

whale.

do research

verb phrase

B1

dominate

verb

C1

donation

noun

B2

donor

noun

C2

doorway

noun

C2

an entrance to a building or room through a door

B2

windows that have two layers of glass to keep a

building warm or quiet
sad

double-glazing noun
down

adjective

to recognise the differences between two people,

ideas, or things
to make someone stop giving their attention to
something
a part of a city or country, either an official area or
one that is known for having a particular
characteristic or business
to interrupt what someone is doing by making
noise or annoying them
to make things or people separate into parts or
groups

to study a subject, especially in order to discover

new information about it
to be the largest, most important, or most
noticeable part of something
when money or goods are given to help a person or
organisation
someone who gives money or goods to a person or
organisation that needs help

Children must learn to distinguish between right

and wrong.
Stop distracting me - I'm trying to finish my essay.
the fashion district of New York
Please don't disturb the animals.
I'll divide you into three groups.

Who has done research into their family history?

The cathedral dominates the skyline.
Would you like to make a donation?
Ten thousand dollars was given by an anonymous
donor.
She waited in the doorway while I ran back inside.
Does the house have double glazing?
You look a bit down today. Are you OK?

to drink something quickly

Brenda quickly downed her coffee and ran out of

the office.

C1

the disadvantage of a situation

The downside of living in a city is all the pollution.

noun

B1

twelve, or a group of twelve

There were about a dozen people at the party.

draft

noun

B2

draw on (sth)

phrasal verb

C1

dream

verb

B1

drop

verb

B2

to decide to stop including someone or something

I think we should drop the About Us page.

drop into

phrasal verb

B1

to fall into something

The book finally drops into the three-knife

trimmer, which cuts the edges of the paper off.

drop out of

phrasal verb

due

adjective

duke

noun

dump
durable

verb
adjective

C2

duration

noun

C1

the amount of time that something lasts

duty

noun

B1

something you must do because it is morally or

legally right

Its our duty to organise this in turn.

dynamic

adjective

B2

full of ideas, energy, and enthusiasm

I dont think they look dynamic enough for our

business.

earpiece

noun

earth

noun

B2

effect

noun

B1

the part of a telephone that you hold near to your

ear
soil or ground
a change, reaction, or result that is caused by
something

down

verb

downside

noun

dozen

B1

a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its

finished form
to use your knowledge or experience of something
to help you do something
to imagine something that you would like to
happen

to stop taking part in something before it has

finished
expected or planned
a man of very high social rank in some parts of
Europe
to suddenly end a romantic relationship
remaining in good condition for a long time

He made several changes to the first draft.

This position will draw on all your skills.
If my uncle sent me a gift, I wouldnt dream of
phoning him.

Have you ever dropped out of a course or

competition?
He was due to fly back this morning.
the Duke of Beaufort
Why don't you just dump him?
If something is long-lasting, it is durable.
The singer remained in the hotel for the duration
of his stay in the UK.

He tapped the earpiece.

a mound of earth
I bought a natural remedy at the chemists, but it
doesnt seem to be having any effect.

effective

adjective

B2

successful or achieving the result that you want

Being an effective communicator is an important

part of management.

effort

noun

B1

the energy that you need to do something

I put a lot of effort into organising the party.

either way

phrase

B1

used for saying that the result of two different

things happening would be the same

We can cut salaries or employ fewer people. Either

way, its going to be difficult.

elder

adjective

B1

Your elder sister or brother is older than you.

I look like my elder brother.

electrify

verb

an electrified railway

electrode

noun

to supply something with electricity

a small object through which an electric current
enters or leaves something

elegant

adjective

B2

stylish or attractive in appearance or behaviour

eliminate

verb

C1

to remove something from something, or get rid of

Lets eliminate this one.
something

elite

adjective

embarrass

verb

emerge

They attached electrodes to his head.

Id say the colours are low-key and, well, quite
elegant.

belonging to the richest, most powerful, best

educated or most skilful group in a society

elite athletes

C2

to make someone feel ashamed or shy

My dad's always embarrassing me in front of my

friends.

verb

B2

to appear from somewhere or come out of

somewhere

The printed sections then emerge from the press

emperor

noun

C1

the male ruler of an empire (=group of countries

ruled by one person or government)

Emperor Charlemagne

emphasis

noun

B2

emphasise

verb

B2

enable

verb

B2

end up

phrasal verb

B1

the extra force that you give to a word or part of a

word when you are saying it
to show that something is especially important or
needs special attention
to make someone able to do something, or to make
something possible
to finally be in a particular place or situation

The emphasis is on the final syllable.

This further emphasises the familys helplessness.
Satellites enable us to look at our planet with a
global perspective.
My company moved to Alabama, so thats how I
ended up living here.

end up with

phrasal verb

B1

endurance

noun

C2

enemy

noun

B2

to have something as the result of doing something You will end up with a lovely, soft mixture.
the ability to keep doing something difficult,
unpleasant, or painful for a long time
a country or army that your country or army is
fighting against in a war

You have to have plenty of endurance to compete

in a race.
enemy forces/territory

engage in (sth) phrasal verb

C2

to take part in something

The two sides have agreed to engage in talks.

enormous

adjective

B1

extremely large

You go through an enormous red gate.

enquire

verb

B2

to ask someone for information about something

Are you staying long? she enquired.

ensure

verb

B2

to make certain that something is done or happens

I strongly recommend you take steps to ensure

that such an incident doesnt happen again.

enter

verb

B1

to start working in a particular job

I entered the teaching profession in my forties.

entertainer

noun

B2

someone whose job is to entertain people by

singing, telling jokes, etc

She is a children's entertainer.

enthusiasm

noun

B2

when you feel very interested in something and

would very much like to be involved in it

People give up doing things when hey have no

enthusiasm for them.

enthusiastically adverb

B2

with great excitement, pleasure and interest

The audience cheered enthusiastically.

entire

adjective

B2

whole or complete

She spent her entire life caring for other people.

entitle

verb

B2

to give someone the right to do or have something I'm entitled to apply for citizenship.

entitled to

phrasal verb

B2

environment

noun

B1

equality

noun

B2

equation

noun

C1

If you are entitled to something, you have a right

to have or do it.
the air, land, and water where people, animals, and
plants live
when everyone is equal and has the same
opportunities, rights, etc
when you show that two amounts are equal using
mathematical symbols

I feel were entitled to a 50% refund of the cost.

Most people are concerned about the environment.
racial/sexual equality
It's a simple equation.

era

noun

B2

erect

verb

escape

noun

C1

essential

adjective

B1

essentially

adverb

B2

establish

verb

B2

et cetera

phrase

ethical

adjective

ethnicity

noun

euphoric

adjective

even if

conjunction

C2

B2

evening course noun phrase

evidence

noun

A1

exactly

adverb

A2

examine

verb

B2

execute
expect
expected

verb
verb
adjective

C2
B1
B2

a period of time in history that is special for a

particular reason

the Victorian era

to build or put up a structure

The monument was erected to celebrate the

Millennium.

when someone succeeds in getting out of a place or

There was an escape from the prison last night.
a dangerous or bad situation
Satellites are absolutely essential for doing ocean
very important and necessary
research.
used when you are emphasising the basic facts
What he is saying is essentially true.
about something
to start a company or organisation that will
The brewery was established in 1822.
continue for a long time
used at the end of a list to show that other things
Yeah, salads of course but also vegetarian soup,
or people could also be added to it; often
pasta, curry et cetera.
abbreviated as etc
relating to what is right or wrong

The book raises some serious ethical questions.

Someone's ethnicity is what race or culture they

are from.
extremely happy and excited

Ideally, the group should be made up of many

different ethnicities.
a euphoric mood

used to emphasize that a particular situation

would not change what you have just said

Even if you stopped file sharing completely, it

wouldnt lead to a big increase in sales.

a series of classes for adults in a particular subject

that happens in the evening
something that makes you believe that something
is true or exists
used to emphasize what you are saying

Evening courses for adults should be partly

financed by the government.
Theres a lot of evidence that people learn in
different ways.
What exactly did you have in mind?

to look at someone or something very carefully,

especially to try to discover something

She picked up the knife and examined it closely.

to kill someone as a legal punishment

to think that something will happen

He was executed for murder.

I expect to receive a formal apology
Youre expected to respond pretty quickly.

an organised journey, especially a long one for a

particular purpose
knowledge that you get from doing a job, or from
doing, seeing, or feeling something
someone who has a lot of skill in something or a lot
of knowledge about something
skill
to go around a place where you have never been in
order to find out what is there
to show what you think or how you feel using
words or actions

Peary led the first expedition to the North Pole.

expedition

noun

B1

experience

noun

B1

expert

noun

B1

expertise

noun

explore

verb

B1

express

verb

B2

extend

verb

C2

to stretch over a particular object or area of land

The spire extends above all the other buildings.

external
extraordinary
extravagant
extremely

adjective
adjective
adjective
adverb

B2
B1
C2
B1

the external walls of the house

an extraordinary tale of courage
the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star
extremely beautiful

eye contact

noun

eyesight

noun

eyesore

noun

relating to the outside part of something

very special, unusual, or strange
costing a lot
very, or much more than usual
If two people make eye contact, they look at each
other at the same time.
the ability to see
a building, area, etc that looks ugly compared to
the things that are around it

face a
challenge

verb phrase

B2

to have to deal with something difficult

Shes faced some hard challenges.

face up to

phrasal verb

B2

to start to accept that a difficult situation exists

They have to face up to reality and be ready to

compromise

face-to-face

adjective

B1

directly, meeting someone in the same place

A face-to-face meeting.

face-to-face
learning

noun phrase

B2

learning which happens as a result of spending

time with a teacher and talking with them

Distance learning isnt as effective as face-to-face

or on-campus learning.

fairly

adverb

B1

more than average, but less than very

famous

adjective

A1

known or recognized by many people

a fairly big family

She was probably the most famous singer of the
Arab World.

B2

My experience is that rights and responsibilities go

hand in hand.
She is one of the worlds top experts on panda
conservation.
the technical expertise of the engineers
Who loves exploring new towns and cities?
Wed like to express our gratitude for the efforts
you made.

He refused to make eye contact with me.

She has good eyesight.
Some people loved the new monument, others
called it an eyesore.

a situation or event that you imagine, which is not

The big house was just a fantasy.
real or true
very much
Its a far bigger order than usual.

fantasy

noun

B2

far

adverb

B2

farmland

noun

fascinated

adjective

B2

extremely interested

fascinating
fatal
fatigue
favour

adjective
adjective
noun
noun

B2
B2

fear

noun

B1

feasible

adjective

C1

extremely interesting
A fatal accident or illness causes death.
when you feel very tired
when people like something or someone
a strong, unpleasant feeling that you get when you
think that something bad, dangerous, or
She was trembling with fear.
frightening might happen
possible to do
Yes, I think that solution is quite feasible.

fee

noun

B1

feebly

adverb

C2

feedback

noun

B2

feel

verb

B1

to think something or have an opinion

We do not feel that there is any need for new tables

and chairs.

fellow

adjective

B2

describes someone who has the same job or

interests as you, or is in the same situation as you

your fellow students

fiddle with (sth) phrasal verb

to touch or move things with your fingers because

you are nervous or bored

Stop fiddling with your hair!

fidget

verb

to keep making small movements with your hands

She fidgeted all the way through the job interview.
or feet because you are nervous or bored

figure out

phrasal verb

B2

file

noun

A2

land which is used for or suitable for farming

B2

He owns over 100 acres of farmland.

I was really fascinated by all the cultural
differences I noticed
The shops are fascinating.
a fatal car crash
She was suffering from fatigue.
So, were all in favour of it.

an amount of money that you pay to do something,

an entrance fee
to use something, or to get a service
in a way that is unskilful or ineffective
an opinion from someone about something that
you have done or made

to finally understand or find the solution to

something, after thinking for a while
a collection of information and documents about
someone or something

If you can draw, however feebly, it helps.

It's important to get immediate feedback.

I couldnt figure out what to do.

Would you mind if we keep your records on file?

the activity of putting a file onto a special place on

your computer so that many other people can copy There's nothing wrong with file sharing.
it, look at it, or use it by using the Internet

file sharing

noun

finally

adverb

A2

find

verb

B1

find out

phrasal verb

A2

fine

noun

B1

fingernail

noun

B2

fingerprint

noun

firework

noun

first aid

noun

first language

noun

first thing

phrase

fit

adjective

flashy

adjective

flavour

noun

flesh-and-blood adjective

after a long time or some difficulty

to think or feel a particular way about someone or
something
to discover something or someone that you have
been searching for
an amount of money that you must pay for
breaking a law or rule
the hard, thin part on the top of the end of your
finger

Finally, when I realised that there was nothing

more I could do, I thought, Right, Im dead.
I've always found that rights and responsibilities
go hand in hand.
At what time of day do you find it easiest to find
out answers to problems?
It carries a maximum sentence of five years in
prison prison or a fine of 3,200.
She has very long fingernails.

the mark made on something by the pattern of

curved lines on the end of someone's finger

The police found fingerprints all over the murder

weapon.

a small object that explodes to produce a loud

noise and bright colours and is often used to
celebrate special events

a firework display

basic medical treatment that you give someone

who is ill or injured in an emergency

The policeman gave him first aid before the

ambulance arrived.

the language that someone learns to speak first

Madeleine's first language is French, but she also

knows English and German.

at the earliest time in the day

He said he'd phone back first thing tomorrow.

A2

healthy, especially because you exercise regularly

You have to be physically fit and strong for sailing.

B1

looking too bright, big, and expensive, in a way

that is intended to get attention
the taste of a particular type of food or drink

B1

A1

involving a real person who is present

flashy gold jewellery

We sell 50 different flavours of ice cream.
She was arrested for a virtual crime, rather than a
flesh-and-blood murder.

flu

noun

B1

an illness like a very bad cold, that makes you feel

hot and weak

I had the flu last week.

focus on

phrasal verb

B2

to give a lot of attention to one particular subject

Lessons focus on the classic moves of this

entertaining and beautiful dance form.

focus on sth

phrasal verb

B2

to give a lot of attention to one particular person,

subject or thing

His article focussed on the French Revolution.

focused

adjective

B2

giving a lot of attention to one particular thing

follow
follow

verb
verb

B1
C1

to understand something
to be interested in an event or activity

football club

noun

A2

a club for people who play football

for instance

phrase

B1

for example

for instance
for me

phrase
phrase

B1

for one reason

or another

phrase

forbidden

adjective

for example
used to introduce your opinion
used for saying that there are a number of reasons
for something but that you are not going to explain It just never happened for one reason or another.
them now
not allowed, especially by law
Smoking is forbidden.

forearm

noun

foreground

noun

B1

You have to be very focused on the conditions

around you.
Do you follow me?
Students should follow their interests.
I'm a lifelong supporter of Crystal Palace football
club.
Many teenagers earn money, for instance by
babysitting or cleaning cars.
Jane, for instance, can drive.
For me, its a choice between two or three.

the lower part of your arm between your hand and

He had a large tattoo on his forearm.
your elbow (=the place where it bends)

adverb

B1

the area of a view or picture which seems closest to

you
written or spoken in a language that is not your
own
for all time in the future

formal

adjective

B2

public or official

formula

noun

C1

a plan or method that is used to achieve something There's no magic formula for success.

fracture

verb

fragile

adjective

C2

to break something hard such as a bone, or a piece

She's fractured her ankle.
of rock
easily broken, damaged, or destroyed
a fragile china cup

foreignlanguage
forever

adjective

There's a seated figure in the foreground of the

painting.
foreign-language broadcasts
I'll love you forever.
I would like to receive a formal apology from the
directors of the hotel.

frame

noun

B1

a structure that goes around the edge of something

a picture frame
such as a door, picture, window, or mirror

frankly

adverb

B2

in an honest and direct way

Frankly, I think the tree should be cut down - it's

not safe.

free

adjective

B2

able to live, happen, or exist without being

controlled by anyone or anything

Theyre free to pass through peoples land.

free of charge

noun phrase

B1

costing nothing

Are medicines free of charge?

freedom

noun

B2

the right to live in the way you want, say what you
My brother thinks we should have the freedom to
think, and make your own decisions without being
vote or not, as we choose.
controlled by anyone else

frontier

noun

C2

a line or border between two countries or areas

frontier guards

a course which someone does for the whole of a

working week
in a basic and important way

Fundamentally, nothing has changed.

when you collect money for a particular purpose

a fundraising event

a ceremony for burying or burning the body of a

dead person

The funeral will be held next Friday.

full-time course noun phrase

B1

fundamentally

adverb

C2

fundraising

noun

funeral

noun

B2

Funnily enough, I was just thinking about you

when you called.
Have you ever reacted furiously to something on
in a very angry way
TV?
Further into the future, we could very well have a
far: at or to a place or time that is a longer distance
country-wide transport system of small electric
away
cars.
although it seems strange and surprising

funnily enough phrase

furiously

adverb

B2

further

adverb

B2

future

noun

B1

the time which is to come

futurologist
gain

noun
verb

B1

someone who studies the future

to get something useful or positive

Further into the future, we could very well have a

country-wide transport system of small electric
cars.
I work as a futurologist.
The country gained independence in 1948.

galaxy

noun

gamer

noun

gardener

noun

B2

gather

verb

C1

gear

noun

B2

gem

noun

generally
speaking

phrase

B2

generous

adjective

B1

gentleman

noun

B2

genuine

adjective

B2

get

verb

A1

a very large group of stars held together in the

universe
someone who plays games, especially computer
games
someone who works in a garden, growing plants
and making it look attractive
to think something is true because you have heard
or seen information about it
a set of parts in a motor vehicle or bicycle that
control how fast the wheels turn
someone or something that you like very much and
think is very special
used to introduce a statement that is mainly or
usually true
giving other people a lot of money, presents, or
time in a kind way
a polite word for 'man', used especially when
talking to or about a man you do not know
If something is genuine, it is really what it seems to
be.
to obtain or buy something

In our galaxy alone, there are an estimated 100

billion stars.
online gamers
We employ three gardeners.
I gather youd like to work out some
compensation.
a mountain bike with 21 gears
She's an absolute gem.
Generally speaking, I think people used to be more
open and friendly.
a very generous man
There's a gentleman here to see you.
a genuine gold necklace
Could you get me some chocolate?

get an idea
verb phrase
from something

to develop a thought about something that you

want to do as a result of something else

Mary got the idea for Frankenstein from a dream.

get by

phrasal verb

to be able to live or deal with a situation with

difficulty, usually by having just enough of
something you need, such as money

I don't know how he gets by on so little money.

get in touch

verb phrase

B1

to communicate with someone by telephoning

them, writing, etc.

get someone
talking

verb phrase

B2

to make people want to speak

get used to
something

verb phrase

B1

to become familiar with something or someone,

after experiencing it many times or spending a lot
of time with them

We have your contact details and we will get in

touch if we require your assistance.
To be a successful journalist, you need to be able to
get people talking.
Do you know anyone who takes a long time to get
used to new people?

ghost

noun

B1

giant

adjective

B1

ginger

noun

gist

noun

give

verb

the spirit of a dead person which appears to people

Do you believe in ghosts?
who are alive
extremely big, or much bigger than other similar
a giant spider
things
a pale brown root with a strong taste used as a
ginger cake
spice in cooking
the most important pieces of information about
That was the gist of what he said.
something, or general information without details

A1

to provide someone with something

A dream could give you the idea for a great work

of art.

give something
verb phrase
a try

B2

to use something for the first time to find out if it

is suitable or effective

Id like to give this one a try.

give up

phrasal verb

B1

If you give up a habit such as smoking, or give up

something unhealthy such as alcohol, you stop
doing it or having it.

I've decided to give up smoking completely.

give up on

phrasal verb

B2

to stop doing something before it is finished

because it is too difficult or it is not successful

It was so frustrating that I just gave up on it.

glad
glamorous
global

adjective
adjective
adjective

A2
B2

happy about something

attractive in an exciting and special way
relating to the whole world

glue

noun

C2

a substance used to stick things together

glue

verb

C2

to stick something to something else with glue

Do you think you can glue this vase back together?

go ahead

phrasal verb

B2

to start to do something

Shall I start the lesson?' 'Yes, go ahead.'

go along with

phrasal verb

to agree with someone's opinion

Id go along with you there.

go away

phrasal verb

B1

to disappear

They hoped the problem would go away.

go hand in
hand

phrase

C1

If two things go hand in hand, they exist together

and are connected with each other.

Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.

Im glad things turned out the way they did.

a glamorous woman
the global problem of nuclear waste
Put a bit of glue on both edges and hold them
together.

go into

phrasal verb

A2

to move towards the inside of

Large sheets of paper go into the press.

go off

phrasal verb

B2

If something that makes a noise goes off, it

suddenly starts making a noise.

go on

phrasal verb

B1

to last for a particular period of time

go out of use

verb phrase

go out of your
way

phrase

to stop being used, having been replaced by

something newer
to try very hard to do something, especially for
someone else

An alarm clock went off in the candidates

briefcase.
This went on for some years until they finally
complained to the police.
What kinds of technology and equipment have
gone out of use?
Everyone went out of their way to make us feel
welcome. It was lovely.

go over

phrasal verb

to study or explain something

Can you go over that again?

go with
something

phrasal verb

to choose to accept a particular thing

Were going with this one.

goal

noun

goddess

noun

good

adjective

A2

something you want to do successfully in the

future
a female spirit that people pray to and who they
believe has control over parts of the world or
nature
suitable or satisfactory

good at

phrase

A1

able to do something well

good lord

phrase

good with

phrase

goodwill

noun

grade

noun

B1

gradually

adverb

B2

graduate

noun

B2

graduate

verb

B2

grandchild

noun

A2

B2

B1

A1

something you say when you are surprised or

angry
able to deal with something or someone well
kind, friendly, or helpful feelings towards other
people
a number or letter that shows how good someone's
work or performance is
slowly over a period of time
someone who has studied for and received a
degree (=qualification) from a university
to complete your education successfully at a
university, college, or, in the US, at school
the child of your son or daughter

The process involves setting specific goals.

the ancient goddess of hunting
It's a good size.
Im good at helping people get on with each other.
Good lord! Is that the time?
Ive always been good with numbers.
He gave them a thousand pounds as a gesture of
goodwill.
Steve never studies, but he always gets good
grades.
Gradually he began to get better.
New graduates should usually have some
internship experience.
He graduated from Cambridge University in
2006.
My grandchildren came to stay with me.

the feeling or quality of being grateful

Wed like to express our gratitude for the efforts

you made.

gratitude

noun

green

adjective

B2

relating to nature and protecting the environment a green activist/campaigner

(the) ground

noun

B1

the surface of the Earth

I sat down on the ground.

grow

verb

B2

to start to do something gradually

People didn't like it at first but grew to love it.

guarantee

verb

B2

to make certain that something is true or will

happen

guidance

noun

B2

help or advice

These dishes guarantee something to everyone's

taste.
Students make choices about their future, with the
guidance of their teachers.

guild

noun

guitarist

noun

B1

habitat

noun

C1

hack

verb

hairpiece

noun

half

noun

halfway
hammer (sth)
into (sb)
handle

adverb

verb

B1

handle (+_ing)

verb

B1

handshake

noun

the action of taking someone's right hand and

shaking it when you meet or leave each other

He had a firm handshake.

hands-on

adjective

physically doing something and not only studying

it or watching someone else do it

hands-on experience

A2

phrasal verb

an organisation of people who have the same job

or interests
someone who plays the guitar, especially as their
job
the natural environment of an animal or plant

the Designers' Guild

He was a guitarist in a rock band.
the fox's natural habitat

to use a computer to illegally get into someone

Two British youths were caught hacking into
else's computer system and read the information
government computers.
that is kept there
an artificial covering of hair used to hide an area of
Do you think he wears a hairpiece?
the head where there is no hair
Just under half of them buy their lunches from our
one of two equal parts of something; 1 2 ;
shop.
in the middle of a period of time
the halfway point
to repeat something to someone a lot of times until We try to hammer it into the children to take care
they remember it
crossing the road.
to deal with something
He knows how to handle people.
How will you handle living in a closed
to deal with something
community?

happy

adjective

A2

satisfied and not worried

How can we solve this problem and keep everyone

happy.

happy with

phrase

A2

satisfied and pleased with

Id be happy with either Cookery or Psychology.

harden

verb

to become hard and stiff

This island is formed from volcanic lava that has

hardened into rock.

haunt

verb

If a ghost or other creature haunts a place, it

appears there often.

A murdered knight haunts the castle.

have a
tendency to

verb phrase

to often do something

People have a tendency to learn languages in the

big cities.

have a word

verb phrase

have in mind

verb phrase

headteacher
heal

noun
verb

A2
B2

health
insurance

noun

B2

healthconscious

adjective

heaven

noun

B2

heavily

adverb

B1

heights

noun

help out

phrasal verb

B2

here and there

phrase

B2

high status

noun phrase

B2

B2

to have a short conversation with someone about a

particular subject, usually with no one else present
to be considering something, intending to do
something
the person in charge of a school
to make a person healthy again
when you make regular payments to an insurance
company in exchange for that company paying
most or all of the costs of your medical care
Health-conscious people try to keep themselves
healthy.
according to some religions, the place where good
people go when they die
a lot or to a great degree

What exactly did you have in mind?

She was sent to the headteacher.
traditional methods of healing
Does everyone have health insurance?

I think the people here are quite health-conscious.

They think they will go to heaven.
It was heavily criticised at first but people are
beginning to warm to it now.
I've always been scared of heights.

high places
to help someone, especially by giving them money
Are families expected to help out with patient care?
or working for them
in several different places but without any pattern Neil took us here and there sightseeing.
when someone is considered by most people to be
important and a lot of respect and admiration is
felt for them

Would you say that doctors and nurses have a

high status?

using technology that provides very clear, detailed

a high-definition lens
images
to emphasize something or make people notice
His blonde hair and blue suit highlight his
something
innocence.
Describe a a high-pressure situation in your work
involving pressure which is greater than usual
or studies.
to take control of an aircraft during a journey,
The plane was hijacked by terrorists.
especially using violence
a person who goes for a long walk in the
On sunny days the trails are full of hikers.
countryside
important in history or likely to be important in
It's a historic town with some very impressive
history
ancient buildings and statues.
in a way that is connected to history
Historically, this was a mill town.
an attempt to make people believe something
The police said the bomb threat was a hoax.
which is not true
Fundamentalist beliefs hold sway over whole
to have power or a very strong influence
districts.

high-definition

adjective

highlight

verb

B2

high-pressure

adjective

B2

hijack

verb

hiker

noun

historic

adjective

B1

historically

adverb

C1

hoax

noun

hold sway

phrase

hold together

phrasal verb

B1

to make something stay in one piece

Another machine attaches the cover to the book

block using hot glue to hold everything together.

hollow

adjective

C2

having a hole or empty space inside

a hollow shell/tube

homeless

adjective

C1

without a place to live

10,000 people were made homeless by the floods.

homeopathic

adjective

Homeopathic medicines use extremely small

amounts of natural substances to treat illnesses.

homeopathic medicine/remedies

homeopathy

noun

homepage

noun

homesick

adjective

honest

adjective

a way of treating illnesses using very small

amounts of natural substances
the first page that you see when you look at a
website on the Internet

B1

Some people consider homeopathy to be no better

than a sugar pill.
I've set Facebook to be my homepage.

feeling sad because you are away from your home

I felt homesick when I went to university.

sincere and telling the truth

If you want my honest opinion, I think your hair

looks awful.

to get together with someone in order to do

something

Why don't you hook up with some mates to do it?

A2

to want something to happen or be true

I hope that you will be able to restore my

confidence in your hotel.

adverb

B1

used, often at the start of a sentence, to express

what you would like to happen

Hopefully he won't go out of business.

horrified

adjective

C2

very shocked

When she saw me, she ran over and hugged me

and kissed me on both cheeks. I felt absolutely
horrified.

host

noun

B2

hot spring

noun

human nature

noun

hook up with
(sb)

phrasal verb

hope

verb

hopefully

someone who invites people to a meal or a party,

He is a wonderful host.
or to stay in their home
a place where natural hot water comes up out of
We bathed in a hot spring.
the ground
feelings, qualities, and behaviour that are typical of
It's human nature to want to be loved.
most people
the department of an organisation that deals with
finding new people to work there, keeping records
She works in human resources.
about all the organisation's employees, and
helping them with any problems

human
resources

noun

humiliated

adjective

C2

hunt

noun

C1

hypnosis

noun

idea

noun

A2

idiot

noun

B2

if only

phrase

B1

ignore

verb

B2

describes someone who has been made to feel

ashamed or stupid
a search for something or someone

The waiter looked humiliated when he saw the size

of the tip they gave him.
a job hunt

a mental state like sleep, in which a person's

Police placed witnesses under hypnosis in an effort
thoughts can be easily influenced by someone else to gain additional information.
an understanding, thought, or picture in your
mind
a stupid person or someone who is behaving in a
stupid way
used when you want to say how doing something
simple would make it possible to avoid something
unpleasant
to pay no attention to something or someone

A dream could give you the idea for a great work

of art.
Like an idiot, I believed him.
If only Id asked for some advice.
You can't ignore it, the problem won't go away.

illness

noun

B1

a disease of the body or mind

Unfortunately I couldn't go because of illness.

illness

noun

B1

a serious/terminal illness

imagery

noun

a disease of the body or mind

the use of words or pictures in books, films,
paintings, etc to describe ideas or situations

imaginary

adjective

C1

not real but imagined in your mind

The story takes place in an imaginary world.

imagination

noun

B1

the ability to create ideas or pictures in your mind

A game designer has to have plenty of

imagination.

imaginative

adjective

C1

imagine

verb

B1

immediate

adjective

B2

immigration

noun

B2

impact

noun

B2

implement

verb

B2

implode

verb

imply

verb

C2

to suggest or show something, without saying it

directly

important

adjective

A1

valuable, useful, or necessary

impose

verb

C1

impossible

adjective

B1

impression

noun

B2

Something which is imaginative is new or clever

and often unusual.
to create an idea or picture of something in your
mind
happening or done without waiting or very soon
after something else

The poem is famous for its beautiful imagery.

an imaginative use of colour

I can imagine it in the kitchen.
The government has promised to take immediate
action.

when someone comes to live in a different country immigration policy

the effect that a person, event, or situation has on
someone or something
to make a law, system, plan, etc start to happen or
operate

Latino singers have had a major impact on pop

music this year.
Our new computerised system will soon be fully
implemented.

to fall towards the inside with force

The vacuum inside the tube caused it to implode

when the external air pressure was increased.

to officially order that a rule, tax, punishment, etc

will happen
If an action or event is impossible, it cannot
happen or be done.
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or
someone

This implies that he has some sympathy for their

situation.
If you receive a job offer, its really important that
you get it in writing.
to impose a ban/tax
an impossible task
It caused a lot of controversy it made a big
impression on people.

impressive

adjective

B2

Someone or something that is impressive makes

you admire and respect them.

in addition

noun

B1

as well

in agreement

phrase

B2

having the same opinion

in and out

phrase

in any case

phrase

B2

in charge of

phrase

B1

in fact

phrase

B1

in favour

phrase

B2

in honour of

phrase

B2

in part
in particular
in place

phrase
phrase
phrase

B1
B2

in response to

phrase

B2

in that case

phrase

B2

in the way

phrase

in two minds

idiom

C1

in use

phrase

A2

inactive

adjective

inch

noun

B1

It's a historic town with some very impressive

ancient buildings and statues.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in
Italy.
Sources are in agreement that Leif Eriksson died
in about 1020.
People were wandering in and out.

into and out of a place

used to give another reason for something that you
In any case, that room's too small.
are saying, or that you have done
being the person who controls or is responsible for The director of photography is in charge of the
someone or something
camera and lighting crew.
used before saying the truth about something,
usually when it is not what you would expect
If you are in favour of a plan or an idea, you agree
with it or approve of it.
in order to celebrate or show respect for someone
or something
partly
especially
in the correct position

In fact most travel writers find it hard just to make

a living.

Most people are in favour of reducing traffic in

cities.
It's a bronze statue, erected in honour of Saigo
Takamori.
He is in part to blame for the accident.
For Hilary in particular it was interesting.
I tend to make sure everything's in place.
In response to RealGuys comments that virtual
as a reaction to
worlds are a waste of time, I couldnt disagree
more.
because of the mentioned situation
Well, in that case, Ive got another idea.
preventing someone from doing what they want to Spencer wants to be the next President, but Gomez
do
is in the way.
unable to decide about something
Im in two minds about this one.
What kinds of technology and equipment are in
used
regular use nowadays?
Beetle grubs stay inactive underground until
not active or working
spring.
a unit for measuring length, equal to 2.54
The snow was 6 inches deep in some places.
centimetres

I suggest you take steps to ensure that such an

incident doesnt happen again.
He included the story in his book on France.

incident

noun

B2

an event, especially one that is bad or unusual

include

verb

A2

incompetent

adjective

inconvenience

noun

C1

incredibly
independently

adverb
adverb

B2
B2

to make something part of something else

not able to do your job, or things that you are
expected to do, successfully
when something causes difficulty such as
unexpected changes or effort
extremely

influence

noun

B2

someone or something that has an effect on

another person or thing

He was quite a positive influence on me.

inform

verb

B1

to tell someone about something

We regret to inform you that we are unable to

offer you a position at this time.

inform

verb

B1

to tell someone about something

If he calls me again, I shall inform the police.

injection

noun

C2

ink

noun

B1

inn

noun

inner

adjective

B2

inner strength

noun phrase

B2

a quality in someone's character that allows them

to stay calm and succeed in difficult situations

He was one of those people who have a lot of inner

strength.

innocent

adjective

B2

not guilty of committing a crime

He claims to be innocent of the crime.

innovative

adjective

C1

using new methods or ideas

an innovative approach to programme making

insight

noun

C1

the ability to understand what something is really

like, or an example of this

insist on

phrasal verb

B1

to demand something forcefully

inspiration

noun

B2

a sudden good idea about what you should do

The book provides a fascinating insight into the

world of art.
I regret I didnt insist on seeing a director at the
time.
Scientists and engineers get a lot of inspiration
from dreams.

when someone puts a drug into your body using a

needle
a coloured liquid that you use for writing, printing,
or drawing
a small hotel in the countryside
Inner feelings, thoughts, etc are ones that you do
not show or tell other people.

incompetent managers
The Director apologised for any inconvenience
caused.
I remember feeling incredibly lonely.
Theyre expected to work independently.

an insulin injection
My pen has run out of ink.
They stayed at an inn.
a profound sense of inner peace

inspire

verb

B2

inspire

verb

B2

install

verb

B1

insult

verb

B2

intend
intend

verb
verb

B1
B1

to give someone an idea for a book, play, painting,

etc
to make someone feel that they want to do
something and can do it
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make
it ready to use
to say or do something to someone that is rude and
offensive
to want and plan to do something
to have as a plan or purpose

interact

verb

B2

to talk and do things with other people

interior

noun

B2

intermediate

adjective

B1

internally

adverb

C1

internship

noun

the inside part of something

between the highest and lowest levels of
knowledge or skill
inside a person, object, organisation, place or
country
a period of time spent doing a job as part of
becoming qualified to do it

interview

noun

B1

a meeting in which someone asks you questions to To get to the interview stage, you really need to
see if you are suitable for a job or course
sell yourself in your CV and covering letter.

intrigue

verb

C2

If someone or something intrigues you, they

interest you very much.

I was really intrigued by all the cultural

differences I noticed

introduce
someone to
something

verb phrase

B2

to help someone to experience something for the

first time

This course introduces you to the skill of creative

writing.

isolated

adjective

C1

item
jammed
jocular
joke

noun
adjective
adjective
verb

B1
C2

joy

noun

B2

B1

alone and not having help or support from other

people
a single thing in a group of things or on a list
full of people
funny or intended to make someone laugh
to say funny things, or not be serious
something or someone that makes you feel very
happy

Srinivasa Ramanujan was inspired by dreams.

A drama teacher at school had inspired Sam to
become an actor.
The school has installed a burglar alarm.
How dare you insult me in front of my friends!
What do you intend to do after this job?
The vase was intended to be a gift.
At school, teachers say he interacted well with
other students.
the grand interior of the hotel
intermediate students
This medicine should not be taken internally.
New graduates should usually have some
internship experience.

I just felt so isolated.

the last item on the list
Its a busy area, jammed with people.
a jocular comment
Are you joking?
She's a joy to work with.

jump

noun

B2

a sudden movement off the ground or off a high

place

jungle

noun

B1

an area of land, usually in tropical countries, where

jungle animals
trees and plants grow close together

junior

adjective

B2

justice

noun

B2

keep

verb

A2

keep an
appointment

phrase

B2

to go to a meeting or event that has been arranged I always keep my appointments.

keep my
verb phrase
fingers crossed

C2

to hope that things will happen in the way that you

I always keep my fingers crossed when my flight
want them to, sometimes putting one finger over
takes off.
another to bring good luck

keep up

phrasal verb

B1

to continue without stopping or changing or to

continue something without allowing it to stop or
change

keep up with
(sb)

phrasal verb

B2

kick off

phrasal verb

C1

kickstart

noun

kneel

verb

B2

knot

noun

C2

knowledge

noun

B1

laboratory

noun

B1

lack

verb

B2

low or lower in rank

behaviour or treatment that is fair and morally
correct
to have something permanently or for the whole of
a period of time

He won with a jump of 8.5 metres.

a junior minister/senator
She tried to bring about fairness and justice for all.
How can we solve this problem and keep everyone
happy.

It can be difficult to keep up your concentration.

to move at the same speed as someone or

something that is moving forward so that you stay I couldn't keep up with him.
level with them
When a football match or other event kicks off, it What time do football matches in your country
starts.
usually kick off?
I will do my homework - I just need a little
something that makes something start to happen
kickstart.
to go down into or stay in a position where one or
She knelt down beside the child.
both of your knees are on the ground
a place where pieces of string, rope, etc have been
I untied the knots.
tied together
information and understanding that you have in
Shes used her knowledge and training to benefit
your mind
the environment.
a room used for scientific work
research laboratories
to not have something, or not have enough of
She really lacks confidence.
something

landmark

noun

C1

landscape

noun

B1

language

noun

A1

laser

noun

B2

league

noun

B1

leave

verb

A2

lecture (noun)

noun

B1

legal action

noun phrase

lend

verb

lifes work

noun

lifelong
lifetime

adjective
noun

C2
B2

like

preposition

A2

limitation
linguistic

noun
adjective

C1
C1

link

verb

B2

liquefy

verb

liquid

noun

A2

B1

a building that you can easily recognize, especially The Statue of Liberty is one of the world's most
one that helps you to know where you are
famous landmarks.
the appearance of an area of land, especially in the
countryside
communication between people, usually using
words
a strong beam of light that has medical and
technical uses
a group of teams which compete against each other
in a sport
to not take something with you when you go away
from a place, either intentionally or by accident
a formal talk given to a group of people in order to
teach them about a subject
the process of going to court so that a decision can
be made officially by law
If a bank lends money, it gives money to someone
who then pays the money back in small amounts
over a period.
A person's life's work is the work which is most
important to them and to which they give a lot of
time and effort
for all of your life
the period of time that someone is alive
similar to or in the same way as someone or
something
a rule or situation that limits something
relating to language or linguistics
to make a connection between two or more people,
things, or ideas
to change into a liquid form
a substance, for example water, that is not solid
and that can be poured easily

It looked odd at first but now people just see it as

part of the landscape.
There are many different languages in India and
there are even more dialects.
a laser beam
top/bottom of the league
If we leave it where it is, no onell see it.
Seminars are a waste of time. Students learn much
more from lectures.
They came up with a compromise so there was no
need for legal action.
Would you lend me fifty euros?'
Shes made preserving the natural world her lifes
work.
a lifelong friend/interest
I can't see it happening within my lifetime.
Nowadays the mine at Wieliczka is like a huge
underground city.
space limitations
There is huge linguistic variety in India.
I think we should link that page to Portraits.
Gases liquefy under pressure.
The chocolate turns back into a liquid.

listener

noun

C1

literally

adverb

B2

litter

noun

B2

load

noun

B1

someone who listens

having the real or original meaning of a word or
phrase
pieces of paper and other waste that are left in
public places
A load of something is a lot of that thing.

locate

verb

B2

to find the exact position of someone or something Who finds it difficult to locate places on a map?

locate

verb

B1

logging

noun

logical

adjective

B2

logo

noun

B1

long term
long-lasting
long-term

adjective
adjective
adjective

B2
C2
B2

If something is located in a particular place, that is

a cottage located in the countryside
where it is.
the activity of cutting down trees for wood
logging companies.
The logical thing is to return the tree to the garden
using reason
centre.
a design or symbol used by a company to advertise
a corporate logo
its products
continuing a long time into the future
long-term unemployment
continuing for a long period of time
If something is long-lasting, it is durable.
continuing a long time into the future
A long-term commitment.

look at

phrasal verb

B2

to consider a subject carefully

Ill be looking at four main areas.

look forward to
phrasal verb
(+_ing)

B2

We look forward to discussing them further at a

time of your convenience.

looking ahead

phrasal verb

C2

used at the end of a formal letter to show that you

hope to hear from someone soon
thinking about and planning for what will happen
in the future

lose your
temper

phrase

B2

to suddenly become very angry

He doesn't often lose his temper.

low-key

adjective

low-quality
lyrics

adjective
noun

B1
B2

of a poor standard
the words of a song

majority

noun

B2

more than half of a group of people or things

make

verb

A2

to produce or create something

not attracting attention

I'm a good listener.

They were responsible for literally millions of
deaths.
There was a lot of litter in the street.
I printed a load of leaflets.

Id say the colours are low-key and, well, quite

elegant.
A low-quality science fiction movie.
The song has beautiful lyrics.
The majority of people in this country own their
houses.
How easy is it to make an appointment at a clinic
or with a doctor?

Do you think you made good use of your time at

school or college?

make good use

verb phrase
of something

B2

make of

phrasal verb

C2

make sense

verb phrase

B2

make someone
verb phrase
think

B1

to cause someone to have doubts about something

or to consider something very seriously

make
something feel verb phrase
(+ adj)

B1

to cause something to seem a particular way

Itd make the room feel a lot bigger .

make sure

verb phrase

A2

to take action so that you are certain that

something happens, is true, etc

Make sure you see the Great Buddha while you're

there.

make up one's
mind

verb phrase

B1

to decide something

I cant make up my mind about it.

malaria

noun

a serious disease that you can get in hot countries

if a mosquito (=small insect) bites you

Many people died of malaria.

malfunction

noun

a failure to work or operate correctly

Shortly before the crash the pilot had reported a

malfunction of the aircraft's navigation system.

manage

verb

to be in control of an office, shop, team, etc

The director of photography manages the camera

and lighting crew.

manipulate

verb

manner

noun

B2

manufacture

verb

B2

map
marine

B1

to use something effectively, with good results

to understand or think about someone or
something in a particular way
to have a meaning or reason that you can
understand

People didnt know what to make of the tower at

first.
It makes a lot of sense.

to control someone or something in a clever way so He knows how to manipulate people to get his won
that they do what you want them to do
way.
the way in which a person talks and behaves with
other people
to produce something, usually in large numbers in
a factory

Do doctors tend to have a formal or informal

manner towards patients?
Local industries manufacture plastic products,
boats, and clothing.

verb

to represent an area of land in the form of a map

It must be amazing to map an unexplored area.

adjective

found in the sea, or relating to the sea

marine creatures/life

the activity of rubbing or pressing parts of

someone's body in order to make them relax or to
stop their muscles hurting
very big
someone who does something very well
The maximum amount of something is the largest
amount that is allowed or possible.
used to talk about what is possibly true or will
possibly happen
If you say that something may well happen, you
mean that it is likely to happen
to have a particular meaning
in the time between two things happening, or
while something else is happening
a way of achieving something or dealing with a
situation

to have a massage

massage

noun

massive
master

adjective
noun

B2
C2

maximum

adjective

B1

may

modal verb

B2

may well

phrase

B2

mean

verb

B1

meanwhile

adverb

B1

measure

noun

B2

medal

noun

B2

a metal disc given as a prize in a competition or

given to someone who has been very brave

a bronze medal

medicine

noun

A2

a substance used to cure an illness or injury

Do you know if youre allergic to any medicine?

meditate

verb

member

noun

A2

mental

adjective

B2

mention

verb

B1

mention

noun

B2

mentor

noun

to think calm thoughts for a long period in order to

relax or as a religious activity
a person who belongs to a group or an
organization
relating to the mind, or involving the process of
thinking
to briefly speak or write about something or
someone
a brief remark
an experienced person who gives help and advice
to someone with less experience

a massive building
He was a master of disguise.
the maximum temperature/speed
He may have felt a bit ill after eating too much.
She may well have forgotten what I looked like.
What do you mean by special ingredient?
The mother is ill. The child, meanwhile, is living
with foster parents.
This arrangement is only a temporary measure.

I meditate twice a day.

Im a member of the Screenwriters Guild
mental health/illness
Earlier I mentioned how folding machine folds the
paper.
Interestingly, several sites make no mention of his
companions.
I had a great mentor in my first job.

noun

microscope

noun

middle-aged

adjective

B1

a piece of scientific equipment which uses lenses

(=pieces of curved glass) to make very small
objects look bigger
in the middle of your life before you are old

might have

modal verb

B2

used to talk about what was possibly true

He might have been a bit angry. Its hard to say.

mild

adjective

B1

When weather is mild, it is less cold than you

would expect.

a mild winter

mince your
words

phrase

If you do not mince your words, you say what you

mean directly, even if this upsets people.

Rob was not a man to mince his words.

mind

verb

A2

to be annoyed or worried by something

If you dont mind me asking, whats the big hurry?

mine

noun

B2

an underground system of holes and passages

where people dig out coal or other minerals

He worked at the mine.

miniature

adjective

C2

extremely small

a miniature camera

minimum

adjective

B1

The minimum amount of something is the smallest

How much is the minimum wage?
amount that is allowed, needed, or possible.

minister

noun

B2

a politician who is responsible for a government

department or has an important position in it

a finance/health minister

miss

noun

A2

to not do an activity

Dont miss the well-stocked Hakuhinkan toy store

in Tokyo.

misunderstandi
noun
ng

B2

when someone does not understand something

correctly

How would you deal with a misunderstanding.

mix

B2

to (cause different substances to) combine, so that The bottle-makers crush the ingredients to a
the result cannot easily be separated into its parts powder and mix them up.

verb

B2

a piece of electrical equipment for recording or

You will need to use a microphone.
broadcasting sounds, or for making sounds louder

microphone

We looked at the cells under the microscope.

A middle-aged piano teacher.

mixed feelings

phrase

B1

mix-up

noun

B2

modern

adjective

A2

modest

adjective

C1

molecule

noun

monolingual

adjective

monument

noun

B2

If you have mixed feelings about something, you

are pleased and not pleased at the same time.
when there is a mistake because things are
confused
using the newest ideas, design, technology, etc and
not traditional
If you are modest, you do not talk in a proud way
about your skills or successes.
the smallest unit of a substance, consisting of one
or more atoms
using only one language
a statue or building that is built to honour a special
person or event

Ive got mixed feelings about that one

There was a mix-up with the bags at the airport.
modern art/architecture
He's very modest about his achievements.
a hydrogen molecule
monolingual dictionaries
The monument is in the shape of a spire and was
erected to celebrate the Millennium.

a small motorcycle which also has pedalsparts

which you press with your feet to move forward
She gets around town on a moped.
which can be used when starting it or travelling up
a hill

moped

noun

more or less

phrase

morning glory

noun

a type of flower which opens in the morning

mortified

adjective

very embarrassed

mother tongue

noun

mother tongue

noun

motivate

verb

C1

move

verb

A2

move along

phrasal verb

A2

B2

B2

the first language that you learn when you are a

child

Just a minute. Ive more or less finished this

report.
We planted some morning glories.
When she saw me, she ran over and hugged me
and kissed me on both cheeks. I felt absolutely
mortified!
Their mother tongues are regional languages and
are absolutely different.

the first language you learn when you are a baby

My mother tongue is French.

almost

to make someone enthusiastic about doing

something
to change place or position, or to make something
change place or position
to go forwards towards the end of something

Teaching is all about motivating people to learn.

Its better to move all that information to the
homepage.
The book moves along a conveyor belt.

to change from one subject to another when you

are talking or writing
a film

Lets move on to how you can get into the business.

move on

phrasal verb

C1

movie

noun

A1

mull over

phrasal verb

to think carefully about something for a long time

multilingual
multi-task

adjective
verb

must

modal verb

B2

mystery

noun

B1

mystify

verb

nail

noun

B2

using or speaking more than two languages

to do several activities at the same time
used to show that you think something is very
likely or certain to be true
something strange or unknown that cannot be
explained or understood
If something mystifies someone, they cannot
understand or explain it because it is confusing or
complicated.
a thin piece of metal with a sharp end, used to join
pieces of wood together

narrative

noun

C2

a story or description of a series of events

The class will focus on dialogue and narrative.

narrow down

phrasal verb

C2

to make a number or list of things smaller and

clearer, by removing the things that are least
important or suitable

Ive narrowed it down to these two.

natural

adjective

B1

Something that is natural exists or happens

because of nature, not because it was made or
done by people.

Do you know anyone who has natural talent in

something?

nearly

adverb

A2

almost

nearly all

phrase

A2

all except a very small number of

next

adjective

A2

The next time, event, person, or thing is the one

nearest to now or the one that follows the present
one.

no better than

phrase

no way

phrase

having no more qualities or advantages than

B1

certainly not

Casablanca' is my favourite movie.

I spent a long time mulling it over.
Most mothers are good at multi-tasking.
I think she must have felt homesick.
an unsolved mystery
She must have been mystified by my cold reaction.
a three-inch nail

Nearly all of them said theyd be interested in

buying from us.
Nearly all the sandwiches we make have meat in
them.
Next thing I knew, I was falling fast.
Some see homeopathy as no better than a sugar
pill.
Theres no way Id just telephone.

nominate

verb

C1

to officially suggest a person or their work for a

prize

He was nominated for an award.

none of my
business

idiom

B2

If something is none of someone's business, they

do not need to know about it, although they want
to, because it does not affect them.

Maybe its none of my business but what's the

problem?

nosy

adjective

C2

not mind (+
ing)

verb phrase

B1

always trying to find out private things about other I dont want to be nosy but do you know whats
people
going on?
If you wouldn't mind doing something, you are
I wouldnt mind doing a course in First Aid.
willing to do it.
to not think someone or something is good or
important

not think much

verb phrase
of
notch

noun

note

noun

C1

novel
novelist

adjective
noun

C2
B2

nowadays

adverb

B1

nuclear

adjective

B2

null

a cut in the shape of the letter V on the edge or

surface of something
words that you write down to help you remember
something
new or different from anything else
a person who writes novels
at the present time, especially when compared to
the past

Where I live, people generally think highly of

doctors but they dont think much of teachers.
He cut a notch in the wood.
I have made a note of your telephone number.
a novel idea/approach
He is a children's novelist.
Nowadays people celebrate Bonfire Night
together.

relating to the energy that is released when the

nucleus (=central part) of an atom is divided

nuclear weapons/waste

adjective

having no substance or value

Their readership was null.

oat

noun

a type of grain that people eat or feed to animals

oat biscuits

obey

verb

B2

to do what you are told to do by a person, rule, or

instruction

If you refuse to obey the law, you'll be arrested.

objective

noun

B2

something that you are trying to achieve

obliged to

phrase

B2

obliged to do
something

verb phrase

B2

CVs usually include a main objective, details of

experience and references.
If you are obliged to do something, you have to do Sellers are not legally obliged to accept the highest
it.
offer.
Landowners are obliged to let us walk on their
to be forced to do something
land.

observe
obsolete
obtain
obvious
obviously

verb
adjective
verb
adjective
adverb

B2
C1
B2
B1
B1

occur

verb

B2

odds and ends phrase

C2

off course

phrase

offensive
offer

adjective
verb

B2
B1

offer

verb

B2

official
complaint

noun phrase

B2

official
language

noun phrase

B2

old days

noun phrase

on earth

phrase

on the grounds
phrase
that

B2

on the other
hand

phrase

B2

on the way

phrase

to watch someone or something carefully

not used now
to get something
easy to understand or see
in a way that is easy to understand or see

Children learn by observing adults.

obsolete equipment
to obtain permission
It's a bit obvious.
Obviously, they had a lucky escape.
According to the police, the shooting occurred at
to happen, often without being planned
about 12.30 a.m.
various things of different types, usually small and Look! here a box of odds and ends from our old
not important or of little value
flat.
away from the direction in which a ship, aircraft,
The ship was blown off course.
etc. should be moving
likely to make people angry or upset
an offensive remark
to give or provide something
That kind of medicine offers no benefit.
to say that you will pay a particular amount of
We can offer a refund on the room rental.
money
when someone tells a person in authority that
If you are really unhappy with the service you
something is wrong or not satisfactory
could make an official complaint.
a language that has a special importance in a
country, often the language used in its courts and
parliament
In the old days, people used to celebrate Bonfire
a period in the past
Night in their back gardens.
used for adding emphasis to questions, often when
How on earth did she manage that?
the speaker is surprised or angry
Id reject the first on the grounds that it could be
for the reason that
too cold.
On the other hand, you have people who say that
used for introducing an opposite opinion or way of
even if it is illegal, it doesn't hurt the music
thinking about something
industry.
going to happen soon

Its chilly, isnt it? Winters definitely on the way.

online learning noun phrase

A2

a way of learning that involves the use of

computers and the Internet

Is the use of online learning in teaching small

children a good idea?

open

A2

not closed or fastened

The Eiffel Tower opened to the public in May 1889.

adjective

open mind

noun phrase

B2

operate

verb

B2

operate

verb

B2

opinion

noun

B1

opinionated

adjective

opportunity

noun

opposed to
(sth)

If someone has an open mind, they consider ideas

and opinions that are new or different to their
own.
If an organisation or business operates, it is
working, and if you operate it, you manage it and
make it work.
to make a machine or piece of equipment do what
it is designed to do

When it comes to politics, I try to keep an open

mind.
Our company is operating under very difficult
conditions at present.
You have to be trained to operate the machinery.

a thought or belief about something or someone

She spoke to everyone involved and got their

opinion.

being too certain that your strong opinions are

correct

She's a very opinionated young woman.

B1

a situation in which it is possible for you to do

something, or a possibility of doing something

We were pleased to have the opportunity to

discuss your qualifications and expectations.

phrase

C1

If you are opposed to a plan or activity, you

disagree with it and want to stop it or change it

We're opposed to any tax increases.

option

noun

B1

a choice

We have the option of hiring someone to do the

cleaning.

origin

noun

B2

original

adjective

B1

other side

noun phrase

B2

otherwise

conjunction

B1

out

adverb

used when saying what will happen if someone

does not obey an order or do what has been
suggested
no longer included

out of place

phrase

not right or suitable for a particular situation

I just felt so out of place.

over

preposition

more than a particular amount, number, or age

Just over 150 people were surveyed including 40

from local businesses.

A2

the cause of something, or where something begins

the origin of the universe
or comes from
special and interesting because of not being the
Where do you come up with your best or most
same as others
original ideas?
the opposite way of considering a situation

I'd like to present the other side of the story.

They should send her to prison, otherwise,
everyonell start doing this.
These two are out.

overcome

verb

B2

to deal with and control a problem or feeling

He's trying to overcome his drug addiction and

find a job.

overhear

verb

C2

to hear what someone is saying when they are not

talking to you

I overheard him telling her he was leaving.

overrated

adjective

If something is overrated, it is considered to be

better or more important than it really is.

I think his work is overrated.

oversee

verb

overtake

verb

B2

owe

verb

B2

painkiller

noun

palm tree

noun

panda

noun

paperclip

noun

parachute

noun

B2

participant

noun

C1

someone who is involved in an activity

All participants finishing the race will receive a

medal.

pass through

phrasal verb

B1

go from one side to the other

The sections pass through the folding machine.

passage

noun

B2

passion

noun

C1

There's a passage to the side of the house, leading

to the garden.
a passion for football

password

noun

B1

patient

adjective

B1

a long, narrow space that connects one place to

another
when you like something very much
a secret word that allows you to do something,
such as use your computer
having patience

to watch work as it is done in order to make certain The director of photography oversees the camera
that it is done correctly
and lighting crew.
to go past a vehicle or person that is going in the
It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.
same direction
He taught me a lot about determination I owe
to have to pay money back to someone
him a lot.
a drug which reduces pain

C1

a tall tree with long leaves at the top which grows

in hot countries
a large, black and white animal that lives in forests
in China
a small piece of metal used to hold several pieces
of paper together
a large piece of cloth which is fixed to your body by
strings and helps you to drop safely from an
aircraft

Im going to give you a couple of prescriptions.

One of thems an antibiotic, the others a painkiller.
We sat under the palm trees.
He is an expert on pandas.
I fastened the sheets with a paperclip.
Her parachute failed to open.

Key in your password.

Ive never met anybody so patient.

to cover a path or road with flat stones, bricks,

concrete, etc

They want the whole area paved over.

B1

a path by the side of a road that people walk on

It's illegal to park on the pavement.

adjective

B2

pen friend

noun

A2

a large tent that is used for outside events or a

decorative building in this shape
strange, often in an unpleasant way
someone who you write friendly letters to
regularly, but you have never met

people skills

noun phrase

perfectly

adverb

persistent

pave over

phrasal verb

pavement

noun

pavilion

noun

peculiar

We visited the pavilion.

The wine had a peculiar, musty smell.
I have a French pen friend.

the ability to deal well with people and form good

relationships with them, especially at work

You must be able to work independently and have

strong organisational and people skills.

B2

used to emphasise the word that follows

To be perfectly honest, I don't really care.

adjective

C2

A persistent person continues to do something

although other people do not want them to.

He can be very persistent sometimes.

personal

adjective

B1

relating to the private parts of someone's life,

including their relationships and feelings

It's just a personal thing.

personality

noun

B2

the quality of having a very strong or interesting

character

Who do you know has a big personality?

personally

adverb

B1

used when you are going to give your opinion

Personally, I think its amazing that someone so

young could do that.

personnel

noun

C1

the department of an organisation that deals with

finding people to work there, keeping records
about them, etc

I need to speak to someone in Personnel.

perspective

noun

C1

the way you think about something

persuasive

adjective

C1

phenomenon

noun

C1

photocopy

verb

able to make people agree to do something

something that exists or happens, usually
something unusual
to make a copy of a document with a machine
which produces copies of documents using light
and electricity

Being unemployed has made me see things from a

different perspective.
I don't find it very persuasive.
storms, lightning, and other natural phenomena
I need to photocopy some papers.

B2

in a way that relates to the body

You have to be physically fit and strong for sailing.

someone who studies physics

treatment for illness or injury in which you
practise moving parts of your body
to lift someone or something using your hands, a
tool or a machine

My father is a physicist.

a small, hard piece of medicine that you swallow

a vitamin pill

physically

adverb

physicist

noun

physiotherapy

noun

pick up

phrasal verb

A2

pill

noun

B1

piata

noun

pioneering

adjective

C2

pirate

noun

B1

someone who attacks ships and steals from them

pixel

noun

place

verb

B2

a small point that forms part of the image on a

computer screen
to put something in a particular position

The gathering machine picks an A section up, then

a B section and so on.

a container that is filled with sweets or small

presents and is hit with sticks until it breaks, used We made a piata for Maria's party.
at celebrations
using ideas and methods that have never been
pioneering techniques
used before
They were attacked by pirates.
The image is formed of thousands of pixels.
My idea is to place another page here.

a substance that is not a medicine but which a

patient takes, thinking it is a medicine. The
purpose of a placebo is either to make a patient
The placebo effect is far more powerful than most
feel better because they think they have been
people realise.
treated, or to compare the effect of no medicine
with the effect of medicine when it is given to other
patients.

placebo

noun

plague

verb

C2

to annoy someone, especially by asking repeated

questions.

We plagued him with questions.

plan ahead

phrasal verb

B1

to decide what you are going to do in advance

I like to plan ahead because then I have a long time

to look forward to things

planet

noun

B1

a large, round object in space that moves around

the sun or another star

Jupiter is the largest planet of our solar system.

play a part in

verb phrase

B2

to be involved in something

poet

noun

B1

someone who writes poems

I play quite an active part in the Screenwriters'

Guild.
He was a French poet.

point

noun

B2

an opinion, idea, or fact which someone says or

writes

I take your point but I have to disagree with you

there.

point out

phrasal verb

B2

to make a person notice someone or something,

usually by telling them where they are or by
holding up one of your fingers towards them

When I pointed this out, the clerk said, Dont

cause trouble.

poker

noun

pole

noun

C2

policy

noun

B2

poll

noun

portfolio

noun

portrait

noun

B2

portray

verb

C2

position

noun

B2

positive

adjective

B2

Something that is positive makes you feel better

about a situation.

possess

verb

C1

to have or own something

possibility

noun

B1

postgraduate
course

noun phrase

a game played with cards in which people try to

win money from each other
a long, thin stick made of wood or metal, often
used to hold something up
a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular
situations that has been agreed by a government,
business, etc
when people are asked questions to discover what
they think about a subject

They played poker all evening.

tent poles
foreign policy
A recent poll indicated that 77 percent of
Americans supported the president.

a collection of designs, pictures, documents, etc

that represents a person's work, or the large, flat
container that it is carried in

He showed us his portfolio.

a painting, drawing, or photograph of someone

a portrait of the princess

If a book or film portrays someone or something, it Yeames portrays the Parliamentarian soldiers
describes or shows them.
with some sensitivity.
What are your reasons for applying for this
a job
position?
The cost of marine expeditions is rising, but the
results would have a positive effect on all our lives.

They simply dont possess the talent.

Theres also the possibility that thought
a chance that something may happen or be true
recognition could allow you to just think a number
instead of dialling it.
a course of study that a person does after they have These days you need to do postgraduate courses to
received their first degree
get a good job.

pot

noun

B1

a round container, usually used for storing things

or cooking

a flower pot

potentially

adverb

B2

possibly

There have been a number of articles criticising

homeopathic remedies as potentially lethal.

pour into

phrasal verb

B1

to make a liquid flow into something

The operator pours ink into the printing press.

practical

adjective

C1

practice

noun

A2

prayer

noun

B1

precedence

noun

C2

when someone or something is considered more

important than another person or thing

to give precedence to something

precious

adjective

B2

behaving in a very formal and unnatural way by

giving too much attention to details that are not
important and trying too hard to be perfect.

She's so precious about her art.

precise

adjective

B2

used to give exact details of something

predict

verb

B1

to say what you think will happen in the future

prepared to

phrasal verb

B2

willing to

prescribe

verb

C2

to say what medical treatment someone needs

present

verb

B2

to give people information in a formal way

preserve

verb

B2

pressure

noun

B2

prevention

verb

B2

suitable or useful for a situation which may involve

Thats not really practical.
some difficulty
Practice is important if you want to be good at
when you repeat an activity to improve your ability
something.
the words you say to a god
Shall we say a prayer for him?

to keep something the same or prevent it from

being damaged or destroyed
when someone tries to make someone else do
something by arguing, persuading, etc.
when you stop something from happening or stop
someone from doing something

To be precise, the chocolate seals off the filling

from the oxygen in the air
I predict that mobile phones will become obsolete
by 2020.
Were prepared to add an extra $250.
Painkillers are the most common drugs prescribed
by doctors in Britain.
The purpose of this proposal is to present some
suggestions.
to preserve peace
They are under pressure from the music industry.
the prevention of disease

a feeling of satisfaction at your achievements or

the achievements of your family or friends

pride

noun

B2

princess

noun

B1

principle

noun

B2

print onto

phrasal verb

A2

prior to

phrase

C1

priority

noun

B2

prison

noun

B1

a place where criminals are kept as a punishment

procedure

noun

B2

the official or usual way of doing something

proceed to (do
sth)

verb

C2

process

noun

B2

proficient

adjective

progress

verb

B2

prolong

verb

C1

promise

verb

B1

promote

verb

B2

proof

noun

B2

proper

adjective

B1

proposal

noun

B2

the daughter of a king or queen, or one of their

close female relatives
a basic idea or rule which explains how something
happens or works
to produce writing or images on paper with a
machine
before a particular time or event
something that is very important and that must be
dealt with before other things

She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him

accept the award.
He married a princess.
The organisation works on the principle that all
members have the same rights.
The press prints 16 pages onto the paper
three weeks prior to her death
Tell us about something which is a high priority in
your life.
He's spent most of his life in prison.
The company has new procedures for dealing with
complaints.
She sat down and proceeded to tell me her life
story.

to do something after you have done something

else
a series of actions that you take in order to achieve
And thats the whole process.
a result
very good at something
She's proficient in two languages.
Technology has progressed rapidly in the last 100
to improve or develop in skills, knowledge, etc
years.
to make something last longer
Eating a good diet can prolong your life.
to say that you will certainly do something or that He promised that hed have the corporate logo
something will certainly happen
tattooed on his forearm.
to advertise something
The band is promoting their new album.
a fact or a piece of information that shows
Theres no proof that it works.
something exists or is true
Writing a letter is considered the proper thing to
socially acceptable
do.
We hope that our proposals will be given serious
a suggestion for a plan
consideration.

We also propose that the company buy several

poster-size prints to brighten up the walls even
more.
I propose that we delay our decision until we have
more information.

propose

verb

B2

to suggest a plan or action

propose

verb

B2

to suggest a plan or action

prospective

adjective

C1

Prospective buyers, employers, parents, etc., are

not yet buyers, employers, parents, etc., but are
expected to be in the future.

We interview all the prospective candidates.

prototype

noun

the first model or example of something new that

can be developed or copied in the future

a prototype for a new car

provided

conjunction

only if

Wed be willing to come here again provided we

can sort out this problem.

pry

verb

to try to discover private things about people

I don't mean to pry but is something wrong?

psychology

noun

B2

the study of the human mind and feelings

child psychology

public

noun

B1

all ordinary people

The Eiffel Tower opened to the public in May 1889.

publicly

adverb

C2

punishment

noun

B2

If you do something publicly, everyone can see it,

hear it, or know about it.
when someone is punished

I would like to see homeopaths debating publicly

with their critics.
Is community service a useful punishment?

purchase

verb

B2

to buy something

Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.

pure

adjective

B1

A pure substance is not mixed with anything else.

pure gold

puritanical

adjective

B1

having very strict ways of behaving

They are puritanical about speaking one language.

pursuit

noun

put in

phrasal verb

A1

put into

phrasal verb

A1

B2

an activity that you spend time doing, often when

you are not working
to fix a large piece of equipment or system into a
room or building, ready to be used
to place something inside something

outdoor pursuits
Its a very old building but weve decided to put in
central heating.
The operator puts the sheets into the folding
machine.

put off

phrasal verb

B1

put on

phrasal verb

A2

put someone at
verb phrase
ease
put someone
verb phrase
on edge

B2

to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity

I know I should see a dentist but I keep putting it
until a later time
off.
to make a device operate, or to cause a device to
play something, such as a CD or video, by pressing Do you mind if I put the television on?
a switch
The first question an interviewer asks should put
to make someone start to feel relaxed
them at ease.

C2

to make someone feel nervous

put together

phrasal verb

B2

to move things next to each other

put up

phrasal verb

B2

to stay somewhere for the night

put up with

phrasal verb

B2

to accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant

situation, although you do not like it

put up with (sb) phrasal verb

B2

If you put somebody on edge, they won't be able to.

The gathering machine puts a complete set
together to make a book block'.
The hotel was full so I asked Abbas to put me up
for a few days.
They simply put up with the problem.

to accept unpleasant or annoying behaviour

I don't know how she puts up with him.
although you do not like it
a soft, grey substance that becomes hard when it is
dry and is used to fasten glass into windows or to The putty around the windows is cracked.
fill small holes in wood

putty

noun

qualify

verb

B2

to pass exams so that you are able to do a job

He's recently qualified as a doctor.

quarter

noun

A2

one of four equal parts of something; 1 4

Three quarters of local people said they need cakes

for special occasions.

quote

noun

C2

radio telescope noun

rail

noun

rain or shine

idiom

react

verb

C2

a document or a statement saying how much a

piece of work will cost
a device for receiving, for scientific study, the
electomagnetic waves sent out by objects in space
such as stars
the metal tracks that trains run on
whatever the weather is

B2

We got three quotes for the work.

They use radio telescopes to search the skies for
signals from alien civilisations.
The train travels along the rails.
Were going rain or shine. Nothing will stop us.

to say, do, or feel something because of something I usually react to circumstances and tend to
else that has been said or done
respond to things spontaneously.

B2

something you say, feel, or do because of

something that has happened
the number and type of people who read a
particular newspaper, magazine, etc

What was his reaction to the news?

reaction

noun

readership

noun

real

adjective

B2

important, proper

She had her first real success when she began

performing at the Arabic Theatre Palace.

realise

verb

B1

to understand a situation, sometimes suddenly

Kekul realised that benzene molecules have the

shape of a ring.

realistic

adjective

B1

real-world

noun

reasonably

adverb

B1

in a fair way, showing good judgment

receive

verb

C1

to react to a suggestion or piece of work in a

particular way

Bright, modern, reasonably priced events

marquee.
The monument was badly received when it was
first built.

recommend

verb

B1

to advise someone that something should be done

Id strongly recommend it.

record

noun

B2

information that is written on paper or stored on

computer so that it can be used in the future

Would you mind if we keep your records on file?

recover

verb

B1

refer to (sth)

phrasal verb

B2

reference

noun

B2

reflex

noun

refreshing

adjective

C1

showing things and people as they really are, or

making them seem to be real
the set of situations most humans have to deal
with in their lives, rather than what happens in
stories, films, etc

to become healthy or happy again after an illness,

injury, or period of sadness
to talk or write about someone or something,
especially briefly

These magazines have a very young readership.

That statue is very realistic.

People may seek real-world justice for people who
harm them virtually.

It takes a long time to recover from surgery.

She did not refer to the past.

a letter that is written by someone who knows you, CVs usually include a main objective, details of
to say if you are suitable for a job or course
experience and references.
a physical reaction that you cannot control

She's good at sport, she must have quick reflexes

making you feel less hot or tired

If you can, try out a mountain onsen - theyre

wonderfully refreshing.

refuse

verb

B1

to say that you will not do or accept something

They refused my job application.

refuse

verb

B1

to say that you will not do or accept something

I asked him to leave but he refused.

verb phrase

B2

to consider something in a particular way

Today, the Tower is widely regarded as a striking

piece of structural art.

noun phrase

B2

a language that is used only in a part of a country

Their mother tongues are regional languages and

are absolutely different.

register

verb

B1

to put information about someone or something,

especially a name, on an official list

Is he registered with the authorities to sell alcohol?

regret

verb

B2

used to say that you are sorry that you have to tell
someone about a situation

We regret to inform you that we are unable to

offer you a position at this time.

regular

adjective

B1

happening or doing something often, especially at

the same time every week, year, etc.

regular exercise

reject

verb

B2

to refuse to accept or agree with something

reject
related to (sth)

verb
phrase

B2
B2

to refuse to accept or agree with something

connected to or similar to something

The United States government rejected the

proposal.
Why do they reject the other ideas?
The language is related to French.

relatively

adverb

B2

quite, when compared to other things or people

Eating out is relatively cheap.

relentless

adjective

relentless criticism

relevant

adjective

B2

never stopping or getting any less extreme

related or useful to what is happening or being
talked about

relief

noun

B2

the good feeling that you have when something

unpleasant stops or does not happen

reluctant

adjective

C1

not wanting to do something

remarkably

adverb

C1

in a way that makes you feel surprised

remedy

noun

B2

something that makes you better when you are ill

regard
something as
something
regional
language

relevant information
It'll be such a relief when these exams are over.
Many victims of crime are reluctant to go to the
police.
He works remarkably long hours.
I bought a natural remedy at the chemists, but it
doesnt seem to be having any effect.

If you remember a fact or something from the past,

you keep it in your mind, or bring it back into your
mind.
to arrange to continue an official agreement that
was going to end soon
famous
the amount of money that you pay to rent
something
to fix something that is broken or damaged
doing or saying the same thing several times,
especially in a way that is boring
Someone you report to at work is the person in
authority who gives you tasks and checks that you
do them.

remember (+
ing)

verb

A1

renew

verb

B2

renowned

adjective

C2

rental

noun

repair

verb

A2

repetitive

adjective

C1

report to

phrasal verb

reportedly

adverb

C2

reputation

noun

B2

research

noun

B1

residence

noun

C2

resignation

noun

C2

resistance

noun

C2

responsibility

noun

B2

something that it is your job or duty to deal with

responsible for phrasal verb

B1

having control and authority over something or

someone

restore

verb

C1

to make something good exist again

restore

verb

B2

to repair something old

If something has reportedly happened or is

reportedly a fact, people say it has happened or is
true.
the opinion that people have about someone or
something based on their behaviour or character in
the past
when someone studies a subject in detail in order
to discover new information
a building where someone lives
when someone tells their employer that they are
leaving their job
when someone fights against someone who is
attacking them

I remember feeling incredibly lonely.

I've decided not to renew my golf club membership
this year.
The Lake District is renowned for its beauty.
The price includes flights and car rental.
I must get my bike repaired.
a repetitive job
On a film set, everybody reports to the director.
Two students were reportedly killed and several
wounded.
Both hotels have a good reputation.
Research suggests that people learn in different
ways.
the Queen's official residence
a letter of resignation
a symbol of national resistance
Its the camera operators responsibility to make
sure the camera moves smoothly
The director is responsible for interpreting the
screenplay.
I hope that you will be able to restore my
confidence in your hotel.
to restore antiques

B1

a document which describes your qualifications

and the jobs that you have done, which you send to She asked to see my rsum.
an employer that you want to work for

rsum

noun

retina

noun

revise

verb

riddle

noun

right

adjective

A1

correct or true

right

noun

B2

something that the law allows you to do

right in saying

phrase

rightly

adverb

B2

in a correct way

rigid

adjective

C2

rival

noun

C2

not able to change or be changed easily

someone or something that is competing with
another person or thing

roam

verb

roar

noun

robot

B2

a part at the back of the eye, which is affected by

light and sends messages to the brain

a damaged retina

to change something so that it is more accurate

a revised edition of the book

a situation or event that you cannot understand

correct in your opinion or explanation

Scientists may have solved the riddle of Saturn's

rings.
Maybe youre right about that.
Hikers have the right to walk on public or
privately owned land.
I think Im right in saying that you can rent an
audio tour.
If I remember rightly, its a two or three hours by
bus.
I found the rules a little too rigid.
business/political rivals

to move around a place without any purpose

gangs of youths roaming the street at night

C2

a loud, deep sound

a lion's roar

noun

B1

a machine controlled by a computer, which can

move and do other things that people can do

They use robots in the factory.

role

noun

B2

role model

noun

C1

role-playing

adjective

romance

noun

B1

the job someone or something has in a particular

situation
someone you try to behave like because you
admire them
involving an activity in which people pretend to be
other people
an exciting relationship of love between two
people, often a short one

Ive recently taken on the role of their teacher.

Jane is such a good role model for her younger
sister.
a role-playing game
They got married last September after a
whirlwind romance.

rosebush

noun

a short, thick plant with roses

round off

phrasal verb

to complete an event or activity in a pleasant way

rub

verb

rule (sth) out

phrasal verb

rule out

phrasal verb

run something
past someone

phrasal verb

run up/down

verb phrase

A1

to move on your feet at a faster speed than walking He ran up the stairs.

rural

adjective

B2

a rural area

rut

noun

C2

safely

adverb

B1

relating to the countryside and not to towns

a bad situation where you do the same things all
the time, or where it is impossible to make
progress
in a safe way

salary

noun

B1

a fixed amount of money that you receive from

your employer, usually every month

Usually people dont ask about salary and but its

discussed later when they offer you something.

say

verb

B1

to tell someone about a fact, thought, or opinion

I'd rather not say.

scan

verb

C1

scenery

noun

B1

He loved to scan the night sky looking for stars

and planets.
The Grand Canyon is famous for its spectacular
scenery.

schedule

noun

B2

scholar

noun

C1

to look around an area quickly to try to find a

person or thing
the attractive, natural things that you see in the
countryside
a plan that gives events or activities and the times
that they will happen or be done
someone who has studied a subject and knows a
lot about it

B2

to move a substance backwards and forwards over

Rub the cream into your skin.
a surface so that it covers it and goes into it
to decide or state that something is impossible or
will not happen, or that something or someone is
not suitable

C2

They planted a rosebush in the garden.

Do you like to round off a big meal with a coffee or
something sweet?

to decide or state that something is impossible or

will not happen, or that something or someone is
not suitable
to tell someone about something so that they can
give their opinion about it

We've ruled out several dates already.

Id rule it out since it might not involve everyone
equally.
Can you run that past me again?

I need to get out of this rut.

We all arrived safely.

I have a very busy schedule today.

a legal scholar

scientific basis noun phrase

B2

If something has no scientific basis, according to

science it is not true or does not exist.

It has no scientific basis.

science fiction
to speak angrily to someone because they have
done something wrong

He's a big sci-fi fan.

noun

a story that is written for television or for a film

I write screenplays for films.

screenwriter

noun

She's a screenwriter.

sculpture

noun

B1

seal off

phrasal verb

C2

someone who writes the story for a film

a piece of art that is made from stone, wood, clay,
etc
to close an entrance or container so that air or
liquid cannot enter or leave it

search

noun

B1

second
language

noun

B1

secret

noun

B1

section

noun

B1

see

verb

B2

seek

verb

seem

sci-fi

noun

scold

verb

screenplay

when you try to find someone or something

Their mother scolded them.

Its a huge sculpture in the shape of an angel.

The chocolate seals off the filling from the air.
Police are continuing their search for the missing
girl.

a language that you speak that is not the first

language you learned as a child
something that you tell no one about or only a few
I know how to keep a secret.
people
one of the parts that something is divided into

a non-smoking section in a restaurant

B2

to imagine or think about something or someone

in a particular way
to try to find or get something

verb

B1

to give the effect of being; to be judged to be

I can see the Sahara turning into a vast solar

power station.
to seek advice/a solution
The guard with the sobbing young girl seems to be
comforting her.

self-discipline

noun

C2

self-esteem

noun

C1

seminar

noun

B2

send

verb

A1

the ability to make yourself do things that you do

not want to do
confidence in yourself and a belief in your qualities
and abilities
a meeting of a group of people with a teacher or
expert for training, discussion, or study of a
subject

Do you have a lot of self-discipline?

Those who receive training have a better selfesteem.
Seminars are a waste of time. Students learn much
more from lectures.

to cause something to go from one place to another He sent me a text.

sense

noun

B2

the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence

You mentioned that being a sports producer was

repetitive. In what sense?

sensitive

adjective

B2

able to understand what people are feeling and

deal with them in a way that does not upset them

be sensitive to people's feelings

sentence

noun

B2

sentence

verb

B2

serious

adjective

B2

seriously

adverb

B1

in a serious way

session
set

noun
verb

B1
B2

a period during which you do one activity

to establish or cause to exist

set up

phrasal verb

B1

to arrange for an event or activity to happen

settlement

noun

C2

a town or village which people built to live in after

a Jewish settlement
arriving from somewhere else

shack

noun

shade

noun

B2

shadow

noun

B1

shamefully

adverb

C1

shell

noun

C2

a colour, especially when referring to how dark or

light it is
a dark area made by something that is stopping the
light
in a way that is bad and should make you feel
embarrassed and guilty
a hard outer covering for something

shift

verb

C1

to move something to another place

shine

verb

B1

to produce bright light

shoot

verb

C1

short term

adjective

B2

a punishment that a judge gives to someone who

has committed a crime
to give a punishment to someone who has
committed a crime
thinking or speaking sincerely about something
and not joking

a small simple building that has been badly built

to use a camera to record a film or take a

photograph
lasting a short time

It carries a maximum sentence of five years in

prison prison or a fine of 3,200.
He was sentenced to five years in prison.
We hope that our proposals will be given serious
consideration.
Our students take their responsibilities very
seriously.
a weekly aerobics session
The process involves setting specific goals.
As a mediator, you set up and guide the discussion
at all times.

Their house is little more than a shack.

a pale/dark shade of grey
The tree had cast (=made) a long shadow.
The children were shamefully neglected.
caramel in a chocolate shell
Its better to shift all that information to the
homepage.
The sun was shining brightly through the window.
Most of the film was shot in Italy.
short-term memory

shot

noun

B2

a photograph

I got a good shot of them leaving the hotel

together.

show

verb

B1

If a picture, film, map, etc shows something, that

thing can be seen in the picture, film, etc.

This painting shows an imaginary scene.

shrine

noun

sick and tired

idiom

side effect

noun

C1

sign up

phrasal verb

B1

signify

verb

to be a sign of something

simplistic

adjective

making something complicated seem simple by

ignoring many of the details

It seems quite simplistic.

since

conjunction

B1

because

Id rule it out since it might not involve everyone

equally.

single

adjective

B1

considered on its own; separate from other things

She got top marks in every single subject.

sitcom

noun

size

noun

A2

a funny television programme that is about the

same group of people every week in different
situations
how big or small something is

sketch

verb

C1

to draw a rough picture

I sketched a map for him on a scrap of paper.

skyline

noun

the pattern that is made against the sky by tall

buildings

the New York skyline

slack

noun

a period of time when someone is not very busy

We need a little slack in the schedule.

sledding

noun

the activity of sliding over snow and ice on a long

platform with strips of wood or metal under it

Free time activities include dog sledding.

a place where people go to pray because it is

connected with a holy person or event
angry and bored because something unpleasant
has been happening for too long
another effect that a drug has on your body in
addition to the main effect for which the doctor
has given you the drug
to arrange to do an organized activity

They prayed at the shrine.

Im sick and tired of watching TV. Its boring!
Headaches are one side effect of this drug.
If you had more time, what course would you sign
up for?
The sculpture signifies that you have arrived
somewhere.

He starred in several sitcoms.

It's a good size.

a little

In the cities, people do things in a slightly different

way.
I dont understand what youre saying. Please slow
down.
Make sure the camera moves smoothly.
Photographers snapped the Princess everywhere
she went.
She started sobbing.

slightly

adverb

B2

slow down

phrasal verb

B2

smoothly

adverb

B2

snap

verb

sob

verb

B2

so-called

adjective

B2

solar panel

noun

solar power
solution

noun
noun

B1

to cry in a noisy way

used to show that this is an informal, little known,
or new name that something or someone is know
as
a device that changes energy from the sun into
electricity
energy that comes from the sun
the answer to a problem

solve

verb

B1

to find the answer to something

sooner or later phrase

B2

used to say that you do not know exactly when

Youll have to tell him sooner or later. Why not
something will happen, but you are sure that it will
now?
happen

sorry

adjective

B2

used to show sympathy or sadness for a person or

situation

sort out

phrasal verb

B2

sound

noun

C2

sour

adjective

space probe

noun

to become slower or to make something become

slower
without any sudden movements or changes
to take a photograph of someone or something

to deal satisfactorily or successfully with a

problem, a situation, or a person who is having
difficulties
how something seems to be, from what is said or
written
very unfriendly or unpleasant

the so-called 'Robin Hood tax'

We installed solar panels in our house.
We want to use more solar power.
I came up with a brilliant solution.
Would you say your work or home life involves
solving lots of problems?

I am sorry to say that we already have enough

volunteers and we will not be needing any more.
If people havent sorted out their differences after
two hours, then theyre not going to.
I like the sound of this one.
Their relationship suddenly turned sour.

a small spacecraft, with no one travelling in it, sent

Space probes allow us to gather data about other
into space to make measurements and send back
planets.
information to scientists on Earth

special effects

noun

species

noun

B2

specific

adjective

B2

specifically

adverb

C1

spike

noun

spine

noun

spire

noun

spiritual

adjective

B2

split up

phrasal verb

B1

spontaneous

adjective

an unusual type of action in a film, or an

entertainment on stage, created by using special
equipment
a group of plants or animals which share similar
characteristics
used to refer to a particular thing and not
something general

The new Harry Potter film includes some very

frightening special effects.
a rare species of bird
To be more specific, the chocolate seals off the
filling from the oxygen in the air

for a particular reason, purpose, etc

It was a magazine specifically about languages.

a long, thin shape with a sharp point at one end

The spike extends above all the other buildings.

the narrow part of a book cover where the pages

are joined together and which you can see when it
is on a shelf
a tall, pointed tower on the top of a building such
as a church
relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially
religious beliefs
If two people who have a romantic relationship
split up, they finish their relationship.

The spines of the books were damaged.

We gazed up at the church spire.
a spiritual leader
She has just split up with her boyfriend.

doing things suddenly and without planning them I tend to be quite spontaneous.

spontaneously adverb
spread

verb

B2

spur

noun

C2

squeeze
stair

verb
noun

B2

standard

noun

B2

I usually react to circumstances and tend to

respond to things spontaneously.
to increase, or move to cover a larger area or affect The smoke soon spread into all the rooms in the
a larger number of people
house.
If you do something on the spur of the moment,
you do it suddenly, without planning it.

I usually act on the spur of the moment.

to press something firmly

one of the steps in a set of steps
a level of quality, especially a level that is
acceptable

She squeezed his hand and said goodbye.

stair lights
Talk about an organisation which you feel has
high standards.

to look at someone or something for a long time

and not move your eyes
to begin by doing something, or to make
something begin by doing something
to begin your life, or the part of your life when you
work, in a particular way
to suddenly surprise or frighten someone

Sean was staring at me.

stare

verb

B2

start off

phrasal verb

B1

start out as

phrasal verb

C1

startle

verb

state

verb

B2

statue

noun

B1

status

noun

C1

the position that you have in relation to other

people because of your job or social position

The pay and status of nurses has improved.

steel

noun

B2

a very strong metal made from iron, used for

making knives, machines, etc

the steel industry

steer

verb

B2

to control the direction of a vehicle

I tried to steer the boat away from the bank.

step

noun

B2

one of the things that you do to achieve something

The next step could be uploading a brain onto a

computer, then programming it into an android.

stick

verb

stormy

adjective

B2

story

noun

A2

straightforward adjective

B2

straw

noun

C1

strength

noun

C1

striking

adjective

B2

To start off, I'll just say a few words about the

printing press itself.
He started out as a poet but became a famous for
his short stories.
The sound startled me.
Other sources state that he was following the route
to officially say or write something
of an earlier explorer.
a model that looks like a person or animal, usually It's a bronze statue, erected in honour of Saigo
made from stone or metal
Takamori.

put (informal)
My idea is to stick another page here.
If it is stormy, the weather is bad with a lot of wind
a stormy night
and rain.
an explanation of why something happened, which
I'd like to present the other side of the story.
may not be true
easy to do or understand
the long, dried stems of plants such as wheat
(=plant for grain), often given to animals for
sleeping on and eating
a good quality or ability that makes someone or
something effective
very attractive

The task looked fairly straightforward.

a straw hat
What would you say are your greatest strengths?
The colours are very striking.

strong

adjective

B1

If a taste, smell, etc is strong, it is very noticeable.

I love the strong colours

strongly
structure

adverb
noun

B2
C2

very much or in a very serious way

a building or something that has been built

Id strongly recommend it.

the tallest structure in Paris

style

noun

B1

a way of designing hair, clothes, furniture, etc

Im not so sure about the style.

submarine

noun

They use a research submarine.

subsidise

verb

substance

noun

B2

success

noun

B1

a boat that travels under water

If a government or other organisation subsidises
something, it pays part of the cost of it, so that
prices are reduced.
a solid, liquid, or gas
something that has a good result or that is very
popular

such as

phrase

A2

for example

suddenly

adverb

B1

quickly and unexpectedly

suggest

verb

B1

to say that someone or something is suitable for

something

suggest

verb

B2

to make something seem likely to be true

suit
sum

verb
noun

B2
B1

sum up

phrasal verb

B2

to make someone look more attractive

an amount of money
to describe briefly the important facts or
characteristics of something or someone

a dangerous substance
If the film is a big success, the director will get
most of the credit.
She performed in cities such as Damascus and
Baghdad.
Suddenly, he noticed that the garden was full of
fantastic flowers.
I suggest you take steps to ensure that such an
incident doesnt happen again.
Research suggests that people learn in different
ways.
It wouldnt suit our living room.
a large/small sum of money
The purpose of a conclusion is to sum up the main
points of an essay.

summarise

verb

B2

to describe briefly the main facts or ideas of

something

The purpose of this proposal is to summarise the

reaction of the staff to your ideas.

summit

noun

C1

the top of a mountain

sunlight
super
(the)
supernatural

noun
adjective

B2

noun

B2

the light from the sun

used to emphasise an adjective
things that cannot be explained by our knowledge
of science or nature

We have a subsidised restaurant at work.

The climbers hope to reach the summit before

nightfall.
Sunlight broke through the clouds.
super fast
She's very interested in the supernatural.

to watch a person or activity and make certain that The director of photography supervises the
everything is done correctly, safely, etc
camera and lighting crew.

supervise

verb

B2

supporter

noun

B1

sure
surface

adjective
noun

A2
B2

surgery

noun

B2

surprised

adjective

A2

surprisingly

adverb

B1

suspect

verb

B2

suspect

verb

B2

swan

noun

B2

swap

verb

C1

to exchange one thing for another

I think we should swap Landscapes and Weddings.

sweep up (sth) phrasal verb

B2

to clear something away using a brush

We swept up the broken glass.

switch

verb

B2

to exchange one thing for another

I think we should switch Landscapes and

Weddings.

switch off

phrasal verb

B1

to turn off a light, television, etc by using a switch

Do you ever switch off your phone? When?

symbol

noun

B2

a sign or object that is used to represent something A heart shape is the symbol of love.

sympathy

noun

B2

when you show that you understand and care

about someone's problems

I have no sympathy for people who say they can't

find work but are really just too lazy to look.

symphony

noun

a long piece of music for an orchestra (=large

group of different musicians)

They played Beethoven's fifth symphony.

someone who likes a particular sports team and

wants them to win
certain
the top or outside part of something
when a doctor cuts your body open and repairs or
removes something
feeling surprise because something has happened
that you did not expect
unexpectedly or in a way that is unusual
to think that someone may have committed a
crime or done something bad
to think that someone may have committed a
crime or done something bad
a large, white bird with a long neck which lives on
lakes and rivers

Im a lifelong supporter of Crystal Palace football

club.
I'm not so sure about the style.
the Earth's surface
Surgery should be considered as a last resort.
Id be surprised if a prototype isnt available in
about five years.
Surprisingly, he managed on his own at first but
nowadays he gets funding from the regional
government.
Although the woman committed a crime, she isn't
suspected of murder.
He was suspected of drug dealing.
a swan's nest

symptom

noun

B2

tackle

verb

B2

take a look

phrase

B1

take action

phrase

B2

take legal
advice

verb phrase

B2

take on

phrasal verb

B2

take steps

verb phrase

take up

phrasal verb

B1

tale

noun

B2

talent

noun

B1

talented

adjective

B1

talk

verb

A1

talk something
phrasal verb
over
tangle

verb

tap dance

verb

task

noun

B2

B2

a physical feeling or problem which shows that you What exactly are your symptoms? Well, just a
have a particular illness
really painful sore throat.
Do you prefer to concentrate on one problem at a
to try to deal with a problem
time or tackle several at once?
Now lets take a look at how you can get into the
to look at something
business.
We must take action before the situation gets
to do something to deal with a situation
worse.
to arrange for a lawyer to tell you what the law
They weren't sure about their rights so they
states or how you should behave according to the
decided to take legal advice.
law
to accept a responsibility

Ive recently taken on the role of their teacher.

to do things to achieve something

I strongly recommend you take steps to ensure

that such an incident doesnt happen again.

how much people start to use or accept a service,

or sometimes a product, that has become available I took up sailing when I was living in Brazil.
to them
a story, especially one which is not true or is
My grandfather used to tell us tales of his time as a
difficult to believe
pilot during the war.
Do you know anyone who has natural talent in
a natural ability to do something
something?
Do you know anyone who is talented at
with talent; able or skilful
something?
to say things to someone
I cant really talk about it right now.
to discuss something with someone, often to find
They talked it over and came up with a
out their opinion or to get advice before making a
compromise.
decision
to become twisted together
The rope was tangled around my legs.
to do a type of dance in which the rhythm is kept
by the noise of the dancer's shoes on the floor

He started tap dancing around the office.

a piece of work, especially something unpleasant

or difficult

The focus pullers main task is to focus the camera.

to put a design on someone's skin using ink and a

needle

He had an angel tattooed on his arm.

money that you have to pay to the government

from what you earn or when you buy things

They're putting up the tax on cigarettes.

tattoo

verb

tax

noun

(the) taxman

noun

taxpayer

noun

C2

technique

noun

B1

telly

noun

C1

the government department that is responsible for

Too much of what we earn goes to the taxman.
collecting taxes
a person who pays tax
This is a waste of taxpayers' money.
One of her techniques was to repeat a single line of
a particular or special way of doing something
a songs lyrics.
television
What's on the telly tonight?

tend to

phrasal verb

B2

to generally behave in a particular way

tendency

noun

C1

tent

noun

B1

terminate

verb

terribly
terrific
terror

adverb
adjective
noun

thankfully

B1

People tend to keep to themselves now.

something that someone often does, or something

She has a tendency to talk for too long.
that often happens
a structure made of metal poles and cloth which is
It only took twenty minutes to put the tent up
fixed to the ground with ropes and used as a cover
(=make it ready to use).
or to sleep under
If you terminate something, you make it end.

His contract has been terminated.

B1
B1
B2

very
excellent
a feeling of being very frightened

She must be terribly happy about it.

a terrific opportunity
There was a look of terror on his face.

adverb

C1

used at the beginning of a sentence to show that

you are pleased or grateful about something

Thankfully, the whole family was out and no one

got hurt.

that kind of
thing

phrase

B1

similar objects

that way

phrase

as a result of doing that

the Millennium phrase

the use of

phrase

A2

Right. Well, I think we should have balloons and

candles and that kind of thing.
That way, shell be paying something back to
society.

the change from the year 1999 to 2000 in the

Western calendar

Where did you celebrate the Millennium?

the act of using something

Do you think the use of these things in teaching

young children is a good idea?

a complete description of a situation, including

every aspect of it

Thats not the whole picture.

the subject of a book, film, speech, etc

The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.

the whole
picture

noun phrase

theme

noun

theme park

noun

therapist

noun

therefore

adverb

B1

for that reason

thief

noun

B1

thingummy

noun

thingy

noun

think about

phrasal verb

A1

someone who steals things

used when you are talking about something whose
name you cannot remember
used to refer to something or someone when you
cannot remember their name
If you ask someone what they think about
something or someone, you are asking for their
opinion of them.

think ahead to

phrasal verb

C2

think aloud

phrasal verb

think back to

phrasal verb

think for
yourself

verb phrase

think highly of

phrasal verb

think long and

hard about

verb phrase

B2

a park with entertainments, such as games,

machines to ride on, restaurants, etc, that are all
based on one idea
someone whose job is to treat a particular type of
mental or physical illness

B1

C2

a Disney theme park

a speech therapist
The region has suffered severe flooding and
tourists are therefore advised not to travel there.
a car thief
Wed need a thingummy - erm, a video camera.
OK, and how about a thingy for her to wear?
What do you think about your countrys football
team?

I know people who are always thinking ahead to

their next holiday.
I find that thinking aloud helps me to solve
to automatically say what you are thinking
problems.
As I get older, I think back to my schooldays more
to remember something that happened in the past
and more.
to think about things that will happen in the future

to make your own decisions and form your own

opinions, without depending on other people

The best school teachers encourage children to

think for themselves.

to consider someone to be important and have a

lot of respect for them

Where I live, people generally think highly of

doctors but they dont think much of teachers.

to consider something for a long time

I thought long and hard about what shoes to wear

today.

think of

phrasal verb

think on your
feet

idiom

think straight

verb phrase

think twice
about
thoroughly
thought

B1

verb phrase

C1

adverb
noun

B2
B1

thrash (sth) out phrasal verb

threat

noun

B2

threaten

verb

B2

thrilled

adjective

B2

throat

noun

B1

throughout

adverb

B2

thus

adverb

B2

tight
tiny

adjective
adjective

B2
B1

tire

noun

A2

verb phrase

B1

noun

C1

to tell you the

truth
tobacco
tone down

phrasal verb

tool

noun

B2

Can you think of three reasons why you started

studying English?
I really dont enjoy situations where I have to think
to make a quick decision or give an answer quickly
on my feet.
I cant think straight if theres music on while Im
to think clearly
trying to work.
to consider whether what you are planning to do
If I won a lot of money, Id think twice about
will have good results
telling my friends.
very carefully
Homeopathy has been tested thoroughly.
an idea or opinion
What are your thoughts on the new design?
to discuss a plan or problem in detail until you
We sat round the table and thrashed it out.
reach an agreement or find a solution
someone or something that is likely to cause harm
a threat to the environment
or damage
to be likely to cause harm or damage to something He threatened to take legal action against the
or someone
newspaper.
They were really thrilled with the restaurant I
very excited and pleased
chose.
the back part of your mouth and the passages
a sore throat
inside your neck
during the whole of a period of time
He yawned throughout the performance.
used after saying a fact to introduce what then
The guard fell asleep, thus allowing Bates to
happened as a result
escape.
firm and difficult to move
Make sure the knot is tight.
extremely small
a tiny baby
the American spelling of tyre; the rubber covering
One of my tires burst.
for a wheel
used before saying your real opinion or feeling
To tell you the truth, I think owning your own
about something
business is quite stressful.
dried leaves that are inside cigarettes
pack of tobacco
How about if we ask LogoForum to tone down the
to make something less forceful
colours a little?
a piece of equipment that you use with your hands
I have a special tool for shaping the wood.
in order to help you do something
to get an idea in your mind

a small, thin stick that you use to remove pieces of

food from between your teeth
extreme or complete
someone who visits a place for pleasure and does
not live there

He used the stick as a toothpick.

toothpick

noun

total

adjective

B2

tourist

noun

A2

tournament

noun

B1

a competition with a series of games between

a golf/tennis tournament
many teams or players, with one winner at the end

tower

noun

B1

a very tall, narrow building, or part of a building

a church tower

trade

verb

B2

This will increase costs for companies trading with

Asia.

traditional

adjective

B1

to buy and sell goods or services, especially

between countries
following the customs or ways of behaving that
have continued in a group of people or society for a
long time

traditionally

adverb

B2

training

noun

B1

transferable

adjective

translate

verb

B1

transmit

verb

C1

transpose

verb

tray

noun

B2

treat

verb

B2

treatment

noun

B2

trend

noun

B1

according to tradition; in a traditional way

the process of learning the skills you need to do a
particular job or activity
able to be used in different situations
to change written or spoken words from one
language to another
to broadcast something, or to send out signals
using radio, television, etc
to use something in a different situation
a flat object with higher edges, used for carrying
food and drinks
to give medical care to someone for an illness or
injury
something which you do to try to cure an illness or
injury, especially something suggested or done by
a doctor
a general development or change in a situation

It was a total waste of time.

The Eiffel Tower quickly became a tourist
attraction.

Its well worth staying at a ryokan, a traditional

inn.
Traditionally, its a celebration for an entire
community.
Those who receive training have a better selfesteem.
transferable skills
We were asked to translate a list of sentences.
The information is transmitted electronically to
the central computer.
I was able to transpose my skills to the new job.
She came back carrying a tray of drinks.
Do hospitals treat people immediately or are there
waiting lists?
Does your health insurance cover every kind of
treatment?
There's a trend towards more locally produced
television programmes.

trial and error

phrase

C2

tricky

adjective

B2

tried and tested phrase

a way of learning the best way to do something by

trying different methods
difficult to deal with or do
used many times before and proved to be
successful
when you cut something to make it tidy

I taught myself to paint, learning by trial and

error.
That would be tricky.
Its a tried and tested team-building activity for
adults.
The hedge needs a trim.

trim

noun

triumph

noun

C1

an important success, achievement, or victory

Barcelona's 2-0 triumph over Manchester United

trouble

noun

B2

inconvenience or effort

I had to go to the trouble of collecting it myself.

truck

noun

B1

a large road vehicle for carrying goods from place

to place

trust

verb

B1

to hope and expect that something is true

try out
something

phrasal verb

B2

tub

noun

turn down

phrasal verb

B2

turn off

phrasal verb

A2

turn out

phrasal verb

B2

turn over

phrasal verb

B1

turn up

phrasal verb

B1

turnout

noun

twist

verb

C2

type

verb

B1

I trust that you will be able to restore my

confidence in your hotel.
If you can, try out a mountain onsen - theyre
wonderfully refreshing.

to use something to discover if it works or if you

like it
a large container that you fill with water and sit in
I always sing in the tub.
to wash
to refuse an offer or request
to move the switch on a machine, light, etc so that
it stops working, or to stop the supply of water,
electricity, etc
to happen in a particular way, or to have a
particular result
to move an object or page so that a different side or
surface is on the top
to increase the level of sound or heat that a
machine produces
the number of people at an event, such as a
meeting or election
to turn part of your body to face a different
direction
to write something using a keyboard

I had to turn down their dinner invitation.

He turned off his alarm clock.
Im glad things turned out the way they did.
The press turns the paper over.
Will you turn up the TV? I cant hear.
They blamed the low turnout on the bad weather.
She twisted her head so she could see what was
happening.
I need to type up my notes.

B1

Typically youll have at least three, four coffees a

day.
seeming to be in all places
the ubiquitous security cameras
Just under half of them buy their lunches from our
less than a number, amount, or age
shop.
These virtual goods are goods under Dutch law, so
according to a rule, law, etc
this is theft.
to know the meaning of something that someone As we understand it, the Board has three main
says
suggestions.
used to say that you wish something was not true Unfortunately Dominic cant make it hes still at
or that something had not happened
the office.
never having happened before
Its unheard of to reply to a job offer by text.
relating to everyone in the world, or to everyone in Kittens and puppies have an almost universal
a particular group
appeal.
Many people believe that there is life elsewhere in
everything that exists, including stars, space, etc
the universe.
Unless that happens, theyll just be afraid of losing
except if
customers to their rivals.
describes a spacecraft, or a place where military
guards work, that has no people present to operate an unmanned mission to the planet Mars
or be in charge of it
not attracting attention
Unobtrusive and low-key are synonyms.
used for saying what usually happens

typically

adverb

ubiquitous

adjective

under

preposition

A2

under

preposition

B2

understand

verb

A2

unfortunately

adverb

A2

unheard of

adjective

universal

adjective

B2

universe

noun

B1

unless

conjunction

B1

unmanned

adjective

unobtrusive

adjective

unspoiled

adjective

C1

untie

verb

B2

unveil

verb

up

adjective

up

verb

up to

phrase

B1

the responsibility of

upcoming

adjective

C1

An upcoming event will happen soon.

B1

An unspoiled place is beautiful because it has not

been changed or damaged by people.
to open a knot or something that has been tied
with a knot
to remove the cover from an object as part of an
official ceremony
not in bed
to make something increase

an island with clean, unspoiled beaches

I untied my shoelaces and kicked off my shoes.
The statue was unveiled at the very end of 1999.
I was up all night writing an essay.
The news of the take over upped the companys
share price by 6%.
Its up to the DP to make sure the team delivers
what the director wants.
the upcoming elections

urge
noun
use something
phrasal verb
as
use something
phrasal verb
for

C2

to copy computer programs or information

electronically, usually from a small computer to a
larger one or to the Internet
a strong wish or need

A1

to put something to a particular purpose

You could cut it in half and use it as a cup.

A1

to put something to a particular purpose

I suppose you could use them for packing fragile

things.

use up

phrasal verb

B2

to finish a supply of something

Ive used up all the milk. Can you buy some more?

utter

adjective

C2

used to emphasise something

vacancy

noun

C1

a job that is available for someone to do

She dismissed the article as utter nonsense.

Tell me if you hear of any vacancies for
secretaries.

vaccination

noun

C2

when someone is given a vaccine (= substance put

All the children have received two vaccinations
into the body through the skin with a needle) to
against measles.
stop them from getting a disease

vaccine

noun

C2

van

noun

B1

vanish
varied

verb
adjective

B2
B2

vary

verb

B2

vast

adjective

B2

vehicle

noun

B1

something such as a car or bus that takes people

from one place to another, especially using roads

version

noun

B2

someone's description of what has happened

very

adjective

C2

used to emphasize a noun

victim

noun

B2

someone who has suffered the effects of violence,

illness, or bad luck

upload

verb

B1

a substance that is given to people to stop them

from getting a particular disease
a vehicle that is used for carrying things but which
is smaller than a truck
to disappear suddenly
consisting of many different things or types
If things of the same type vary, they are different
from each other.
extremely big

I uploaded some of the images.

I resisted a powerful urge to slap him.

a flu vaccine
I borrowed my brother's van.
The sun vanished behind the trees.
a varied diet
Sources vary on this question.
a vast amount of money
The driver of the vehicle was unhurt.
In one version, he was blown off course by bad
weather.
What were you doing at the very beginning of last
year?
victims of crime

a person belonging to a race of Scandinavian

people who travelled by sea and attacked parts of
northern and southern Europe between the 8th
and the 11th centuries, often staying to live in
places they travelled to

a Viking settlement

Viking

noun

virtual

adjective

B2

using computer images and sounds that make you Do you think people should be punished for virtual
think an imagined situation is real
crimes?

virtual reality

noun

B2

when a computer produces images and sounds

that make you feel an imagined situation is real

virtual reality games

virtually

adverb

B2

in a way that uses computer images and sounds

that make you think an imagined situation is real

All these things can be experienced virtually.

virtue

noun

C2

a good quality that someone has

Patience is not among his virtues.

visible

adjective

B2

able to be seen

Through a doorway, more soldiers are visible

visibly

adverb

C2

He was visibly upset.

vision

noun

B2

visualise

verb

in a way that can be seen

an idea or image in your mind of what something
could be like in the future
to create a picture in your mind of someone or
something

vital

adjective

B2

necessary

Satellites are absolutely vital for doing ocean

research.

vocation

noun

C2

a strong feeling that you are right for a particular

type of work, or a job that gives you this feeling

He knew that teaching was his true vocation.

vocational
training

noun phrase

when people are taught the skills and knowledge

that prepare them for jobs rather than for
university studies
work that people do because they want to do it and
for which they are not paid
a piece of paper that can be used instead of money
to pay for goods and services

voluntary work noun phrase

voucher

noun

wander

verb

B2

to walk slowly about a place without any purpose

a vision of a better society

I can't quite visualise what you mean.

Schools should focus on academic subjects rather

than vocational training.
I occasionally do voluntary work for a local
charity.
I have some vouchers to spend in the book shop.
They wandered aimlessly around the town.

warm to

phrasal verb

If you warm to an idea, you start to become

interested in or enthusiastic about it.

Nobody liked it at first but people warmed to it

after a while.

warm to (sth)

phrasal verb

to start to like something

People are beginning to warm to the idea.

warrior

noun

C1

a person who has experience and skill in fighting in

Greek warriors
a war, especially in the past
a tower built especially around the edges of prisons
and army camps, the top of which provides a good
There were watchtowers all around the prison.
position from which to see anyone who is coming
close

watchtower

noun

wave

noun

B1

wavelength

noun

C2

way

noun

A2

way of (+ing)

phrase

A2

a method for doing something

way to

phrase

A2

a method for doing something

weak

adjective

B2

weed

noun

C2

difficult to see or hear

a wild plant that you do not want to grow in your
garden

well worth

phrase

B1

If something is well worth doing, you should do it

because it is very enjoyable or very useful.

Its well worth staying at a ryokan, a traditional

inn.

B2

good at planning things carefully and keeping

things tidy

A good manager has to be well-organised.

having a large supply of things for use or sale

Dont miss the well-stocked Hakuhinkan toy store

in Tokyo.

well-organised adjective
well-stocked

adjective

whale

noun

B1

a line of higher water that moves across the surface

I could hear the waves crashing against the rocks.
of the sea or a lake
the length of radio wave used by a radio company
What wavelength are they on?
for broadcasting its programmes
Your job is to collect information in the fastest way
how you do something
possible.
Whats the easiest way of giving up smoking?
Whats the best way to travel around your
country?
The colours are a bit weak.
Dandelions are common weeds.

a very large animal that looks like a large fish, lives

in the sea and breathes air through a hole at the
They hunt for whales.
top of its head

used for referring to a woman or girl when you

cannot remember or do not know her name

Can you bring your CDs by whats-her-name? The

Brazilian guitarist?

whats-hername

noun

whats-hisname

noun

whatsit

noun

whereby

adverb

C2

by which

They've introduced a system whereby people share

cars.

widespread

adjective

C1

affecting or including a lot of places, people, etc

a widespread problem

will

noun

B2

the mental power to control your thoughts and

actions or to succeed in doing something difficult

have the will to succeed

willing

adjective

B1

wanting to do something

win

verb

A2

wingspan

noun

wish

phrase

B1

work

verb

B1

If something works, it is effective and successful.

Homeopathy works for me.

work

noun

B2

a painting, book, piece of music, etc

One of his most famous works is a story written in

a single sentence.

work as

phrasal verb

A1

If you work as something, that is what you do as

your job.

I work as a writer.

work
experience

noun

work on

phrasal verb

used for referring to a man or boy when you

cannot remember or do not know his name
any object or person whose name you have
temporarily forgotten or do not know

What about a Mexican whatsit?

Wed be willing to come here again provided we

can sort out this problem.
to get the most points in a competition or game, or The movie won an Oscar for Best Foreign Film in
the most votes in an election
1967.
the distance between the ends of the wings of a
The eagle has an enormous wingspan.
bird, insect or aircraft
to want a situation that is different from the one
I wish Id thought about it more carefully.
that exists

a period of time in which a student temporarily

works for an employer to get experience
B2

I can ask whats-his-name ...Kerrys cousin.

to spend time trying to improve something,

especially a skill

Many firms understand that giving work

experience to students will benefit everyone in the
long term.
What skills did you have to work on when you
were younger?

to succeed gradually in getting an important job by

repeatedly changing your job for a more important Stella worked her way up from shop assistant to
one, having started your working life with little
regional manager.
power or responsibility

work ones way

verb phrase
up

B2

to understand something or to find the answer to

something by thinking about it
to do things that will help you to achieve a
particular thing
to do things with another person or organization in
order to achieve something
when a group of people meet to learn more about
something by discussing it and doing practical
exercises

work out

phrasal verb

work towards

phrasal verb

work with

phrasal verb

A1

workshop

noun

C1

worldwide

adverb

B2

in all parts of the world

worth (+ ing)

phrase

B1

how important or useful someone or something is

worthless
Zen

adjective
noun

C1

not important or useful

a religion that developed from Buddhism

Wait there while I work out what to do.

Write down a goal you are working towards at the
moment.
Her professor worked with the government to
improve things.
a workshop on crime prevention
10 million copies have been sold worldwide.
It might be worth speaking to the two workers
privately.
He made me feel stupid and worthless.
a Zen rock garden

Unit
Unit 08

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 06
Unit 05
Unit 13
Unit 08

Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 08

Unit 13
Unit 12
Unit 02
Unit 10
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 07
Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 14
Unit 11
Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 04

Unit 05

Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 04

Unit 11

Unit 11

Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 05
Unit 13

Unit 08
Unit 10
Unit 02
Unit 06
Unit 01

Unit 11

Unit 12
Unit 10
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 06
Unit 13
Unit 07
Unit 04
Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 07
Unit 14

Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 14

Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 06
Unit 07
Unit 09

Unit 12

Unit 07
Unit 05

Unit 04
Unit 02
Unit 11
Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 03
Unit 03
Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 14
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 07
Unit 14

Unit 12
Unit 04

Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 14
Unit 11

Unit 12

Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 04

Unit 06

Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 01

Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 12
Unit 02
Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 10
Unit 13
Unit 11
Unit 06
Unit 07

Unit 09

Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 14
Unit 12
Unit 11

Unit 04

Unit 11

Unit 04
Unit 07
Unit 10
Unit 05
Unit 12

Unit 01

Unit 04

Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 03
Unit 12

Unit 11
Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 02
Unit 03
Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 12
Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 09
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 07

Unit 13
Unit 11
Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 09
Unit 08
Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 02
Unit 08
Unit 09
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 05
Unit 04
Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 09
Unit 14
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 03

Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 13

Unit 06
Unit 11
Unit 03
Unit 04
Unit 11
Unit 02
Unit 05
Unit 12
Unit 13

Unit 11

Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 01

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 13
Unit 05
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 09
Unit 13
Unit 11
Unit 02
Unit 11
Unit 03
Unit 03
Unit 08

Unit 12

Unit 14

Unit 02
Unit 09

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 03
Unit 05

Unit 02

Unit 04

Unit 09

Unit 02
Unit 09
Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 05

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 12
Unit 08
Unit 05
Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 12
Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 02
Unit 03
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 14

Unit 10

Unit 05

Unit 10

Unit 06
Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 03
Unit 08
Unit 11
Unit 09
Unit 03
Unit 08

Unit 11

Unit 11

Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 08
Unit 11
Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 09
Unit 11
Unit 07
Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 04

Unit 10
Unit 03
Unit 06
Unit 08
Unit 14

Unit 01

Unit 06

Unit 10

Unit 13

Unit 13

Unit 11

Unit 08
Unit 13
Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 07

Unit 01
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 14
Unit 01
Unit 06
Unit 08
Unit 14
Unit 13
Unit 06
Unit 12
Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 05
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 08
Unit 06

Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 11
Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 14
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 12

Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 10

Unit 11

Unit 13
Unit 11

Unit 02
Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 03
Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 14

Unit 06

Unit 12
Unit 04

Unit 04

Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 13
Unit 12
Unit 10
Unit 11

Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 06
Unit 03

Unit 11

Unit 09

Unit 09

Unit 01

Unit 14

Unit 06
Unit 14
Unit 08
Unit 03
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 08
Unit 07
Unit 14
Unit 10
Unit 03
Unit 13
Unit 01

Unit 02
Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 12
Unit 11
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 14

Unit 09

Unit 10

Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 08
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 07
Unit 02

Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 09

Unit 01

Unit 05
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 12

Unit 12

Unit 02

Unit 08
Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 12

Unit 09

Unit 03
Unit 07

Unit 03

Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 09

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 13
Unit 05
Unit 14
Unit 11

Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 07
Unit 14
Unit 06
Unit 06

Unit 09

Unit 03
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 04
Unit 09
Unit 05
Unit 14
Unit 02
Unit 10

Unit 01
Unit 03

Unit 09

Unit 05
Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 05

Unit 01

Unit 08
Unit 09

Unit 04

Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 02

Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 10
Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 14

Unit 08

Unit 11
Unit 04

Unit 01

Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 13
Unit 12
Unit 05
Unit 07
Unit 07

Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 02

Unit 01

Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 04
Unit 06

Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 05
Unit 08
Unit 06

Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 10
Unit 08
Unit 04
Unit 14
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 13
Unit 06

Unit 03
Unit 12
Unit 04

Unit 10
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 08
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 12
Unit 05
Unit 02
Unit 07
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 12

Unit 03

Unit 05

Unit 11

Unit 07
Unit 14

Unit 06

Unit 02

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 06
Unit 11

Unit 14

Unit 04

Unit 03

Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 01
Unit 05
Unit 09
Unit 06

Unit 02
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 02
Unit 03
Unit 08
Unit 04
Unit 11

Unit 05
Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 08
Unit 09
Unit 02
Unit 03

Unit 05

Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 12

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 13
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 02

Unit 12

Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 03

Unit 10
Unit 06
Unit 02
Unit 13
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 02
Unit 13
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 07

Unit 02

Unit 14
Unit 11

Unit 03

Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 02

Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 09
Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 06
Unit 05
Unit 13
Unit 12

Unit 09
Unit 11
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 05
Unit 01

Unit 07
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 01
Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 04
Unit 08

Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 03
Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 10

Unit 06

Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 07
Unit 12
Unit 11
Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 13
Unit 03
Unit 09
Unit 07
Unit 02

Unit 13

Unit 05
Unit 03
Unit 12

Unit 12

Unit 12
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 02
Unit 12
Unit 08

Unit 12

Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 06
Unit 10
Unit 12

Unit 09
Unit 13
Unit 09

Unit 12

Unit 12
Unit 06
Unit 08
Unit 05

Unit 01
Unit 08
Unit 03

Unit 08

Unit 08
Unit 04
Unit 10

Unit 14

Unit 08
Unit 12
Unit 12

Unit 07
Unit 03

Unit 08

Unit 07

Unit 12
Unit 12
Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 02
Unit 10
Unit 13

Unit 10

Unit 05
Unit 06
Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 03

Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 08
Unit 13
Unit 09

Unit 09

Unit 05
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 01
Unit 14
Unit 06
Unit 13
Unit 09
Unit 03
Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 14

Unit 08
Unit 02
Unit 11
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 08
Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 14
Unit 08
Unit 07

Unit 07
Unit 05
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 14
Unit 04
Unit 06
Unit 14
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 08

Unit 03

Unit 08
Unit 11
Unit 04
Unit 11
Unit 05
Unit 11

Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 13
Unit 13

Unit 13

Unit 03

Unit 08

Unit 11
Unit 14
Unit 07
Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 01

Unit 04

Unit 04
Unit 08
Unit 14
Unit 01

Unit 02

Unit 03
Unit 13

Unit 02

Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 09
Unit 09

Unit 01
Unit 09
Unit 10
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 09
Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 06
Unit 09
Unit 04
Unit 14
Unit 03
Unit 05
Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 12

Unit 03

Unit 04
Unit 01

Unit 04

Unit 05

Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 12

Unit 02

Unit 01

Unit 11

Unit 12
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 02
Unit 06
Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 09
Unit 02
Unit 06

Unit 03

Unit 12
Unit 07
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 03

Unit 09

Unit 07
Unit 06
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Unit 08

Unit 07

Unit 02
Unit 05
Unit 10

Unit 07

Unit 04
Unit 02

Unit 11

Unit 03

Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 07
Unit 08
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Unit 11

Unit 08
Unit 02
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Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 13
Unit 06
Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 06
Unit 07
Unit 08
Unit 01
Unit 08
Unit 07

Unit 08

Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 01

Unit 11
Unit 11

Unit 02

Unit 12
Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 07

Unit 07
Unit 03

Unit 01

Unit 09
Unit 14
Unit 05
Unit 04
Unit 04

Unit 10
Unit 07
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 14
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 11
Unit 01
Unit 03
Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 10
Unit 14
Unit 12
Unit 02
Unit 13

Unit 08

Unit 04
Unit 13
Unit 12

Unit 06

Unit 09
Unit 03
Unit 04

Unit 13

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 13
Unit 02

Unit 14

Unit 12

Unit 02
Unit 10
Unit 07
Unit 06

Unit 06
Unit 05
Unit 08
Unit 11

Unit 13
Unit 14

Unit 01

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 02

Unit 12

Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 05

Unit 02

Unit 13
Unit 09
Unit 02
Unit 13
Unit 06
Unit 03

Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 08

Unit 14
Unit 05
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Unit 07

Unit 09
Unit 03

Unit 11

Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 07

Unit 13

Unit 01
Unit 10
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Unit 09
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Unit 01

Unit 10
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Unit 06

Unit 12

Unit 03
Unit 14
Unit 10
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Unit 05

Unit 08

Unit 05
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Unit 12

Unit 07

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Unit 06
Unit 05
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Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 02

Unit 12

Unit 09
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Unit 01
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Unit 01

Unit 09
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Unit 13
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Unit 06
Unit 10
Unit 06
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Unit 03

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Unit 11
Unit 09
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Unit 07
Unit 14
Unit 02
Unit 14
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Unit 06
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Unit 12

Unit 06

Unit 07

Unit 14

Unit 13
Unit 07
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 12
Unit 06
Unit 12
Unit 02
Unit 08
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 09

Unit 07

Unit 13

Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 09
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Unit 13

Unit 13

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Unit 03
Unit 11
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Unit 10
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Unit 08
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Unit 04

Unit 07
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Unit 06

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Unit 04
Unit 08

Unit 14

Unit 01
Unit 04

Unit 11
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Unit 04

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Unit 10

Unit 08

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Unit 07
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Unit 14
Unit 01

Unit 12

Unit 02
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Unit 02

Unit 11
Unit 05
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Unit 09

Unit 06

Unit 13

Unit 12
Unit 14
Unit 11
Unit 05
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 08
Unit 04

Unit 11

Unit 14

Unit 07
Unit 01
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 04
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Unit 08
Unit 06
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 09
Unit 03
Unit 06
Unit 08

Unit 09
Unit 11

Unit 12

Unit 12

Unit 12

Unit 09
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 14
Unit 09
Unit 14

Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 01
Unit 03
Unit 01

Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 10
Unit 09
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Unit 04
Unit 09
Unit 02
Unit 08
Unit 13
Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 06
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 03

Unit 02

Unit 09

Unit 01

Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 13
Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 10
Unit 02
Unit 05
Unit 13
Unit 12
Unit 09
Unit 06
Unit 02
Unit 09
Unit 14

Unit 09

Unit 02

Unit 04
Unit 08

Unit 12

Unit 03
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Unit 01
Unit 12
Unit 13

Unit 04
Unit 05
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 07

Unit 14

Unit 02
Unit 11
Unit 09
Unit 11
Unit 05
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Unit 14
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Unit 07
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Unit 08

Unit 08

Unit 13

Unit 03
Unit 06

Unit 10

Unit 09

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Unit 02

Unit 08

Unit 14
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Unit 10
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Unit 06

Unit 04
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Unit 09
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Unit 05

Unit 01
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Unit 02
Unit 05
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Unit 05
Unit 09
Unit 06

Unit 12

Unit 04
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Unit 02
Unit 07

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 05
Unit 10
Unit 12
Unit 14

Unit 03

Unit 06
Unit 06
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Unit 10
Unit 06
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Unit 05

Unit 05

Unit 11

Unit 12
Unit 07
Unit 09
Unit 06

Unit 13

Unit 03

Unit 08

Unit 11

Unit 07
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 07
Unit 13
Unit 02
Unit 11

Unit 09

Unit 11

Unit 12

Unit 04
Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 14
Unit 02
Unit 01

Unit 12

Unit 06
Unit 13
Unit 11
Unit 07
Unit 03

Unit 01
Unit 06
Unit 04
Unit 03

Unit 01
Unit 04

Unit 08

Unit 11

Unit 01
Unit 07
Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 12
Unit 05
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Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 08
Unit 13
Unit 04
Unit 07
Unit 02
Unit 14
Unit 03
Unit 03
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Unit 11
Unit 05

Unit 05
Unit 13
Unit 04

Unit 01

Unit 04
Unit 08

Unit 04

Unit 04
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 04
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 04
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Unit 12

Unit 14

Unit 08
Unit 07
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Unit 09
Unit 05
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 08
Unit 04
Unit 07
Unit 11

Unit 11

Unit 04
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Unit 10
Unit 07
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Unit 02
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Unit 03
Unit 06
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Unit 10
Unit 06

Unit 10
Unit 05
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Unit 02
Unit 04
Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 09
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Unit 14
Unit 09
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Unit 03
Unit 11
Unit 05
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Unit 12

Unit 12
Unit 03
Unit 07
Unit 03
Unit 10
Unit 14
Unit 14

Unit 10
Unit 04
Unit 11

Unit 10

Unit 06

Unit 06

Unit 06
Unit 05
Unit 05
Unit 13
Unit 09
Unit 01
Unit 10

Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 09
Unit 02
Unit 08

Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 04

Unit 04

Unit 02
Unit 10
Unit 02
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 05
Unit 10

Unit 04

Unit 01
Unit 04

Unit 10

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 11
Unit 02

Unit 01

Unit 13
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 02
Unit 05
Unit 04
Unit 09

Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 09

Unit 07
Unit 03
Unit 10

Unit 12

Unit 06
Unit 07
Unit 12
Unit 04

Upper Intermediate wordlist with English Profile level description

Wordlist

Part of
speech

Definition

Example

Unit

age group

noun

people of a particular age

job training for people in the 16-24 age

group

Unit 01
Unit 01

all sorts of things phrase

A2

many different things

There's sweets, toys and all sorts of things.

and all that

phrase

B1

and everything related to the subject

mentioned

and so forth

phrase

Stellas bringing some Indian pop

Bollywood music and all that .
What about games and activities and so
forth?

and so on

phrase

A2

together with other similar things

The meals all planned the starters, meat

dishes, vegetarian dishes and so on.

Unit 01

and stuff

phrase

B1

and other things, which may or may not be

similar or related

Ill bring some salsa and meringue and stuff.

Unit 01

and things

phrase

B1

and other things of a similar type

and what have

you

phrase

and other similar things

and whatnot

phrase

and other things of a similar type

together with other similar things

By vegetarian dishes, do you mean salads

and things?
I think we should stick with balloons and
what have you.
OK, now what about snacks and whatnot.

Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01

to make a judgment about the quality, size,

value, etc of something
a piece of plastic, metal, etc with words or
pictures on it that you wear on your clothes
for decoration

assess

verb

B2

badge

noun

B2

balance

noun

B2

base

noun

C2

birth certificate

noun

broad

adjective

B1

build up

phrasal
verb

C1

check-out

noun

B1

communicator

noun

B1

compromise

verb

B2

concentrate on

phrasal
verb

B1

to direct your attention or efforts towards a

particular activity or subject

consistently

adverb

C2

without changing or stopping

convinced

adjective

B2

cut-off

noun

delegate

verb

completely certain about something

a fixed point or level at which you stop
including people or things
to give someone else part of your work or
some of your responsibilities

C2

The tests are designed to assess a child's

reading skills.

Unit 01

She was wearing a badge on her jacket.

Unit 01

when the weight of someone or something is He's good at sailing he must have a good
spread in such a way that they do not fall over sense of balance.
the most important part of something, from
which other things can develop
an official document that records when and
where a person was born

a solid economic base

You must provide a copy of your birth

certificate.
The magazine covers a broad range of
including a wide range of things
subjects.
to increase or develop, or to make something Students should follow their interests earlier
increase or develop
to build up experience.
the place in a large shop, especially a food
shop, where you pay for your goods
someone who is able to tell people about their
ideas and emotions in a way that other people
understand
to agree to something that is not exactly what
you want

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
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a supermarket checkout

Unit 01

Being an effective communicator is an

important part of management.

Unit 01

The ability to compromise is essential for the

job.

Unit 01

Do you prefer to concentrate on one problem

at a time or tackle several at once?

Unit 01

I've been training consistently for many

years.
I'm not really convinced.
March 31 is the cut-off date for applications
to be accepted.
You have to be able to delegate if you want to
succeed as a manager.

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01

diplomat

noun

B2

someone whose job is to live in another

country and to keep a good relationship
My father was a diplomat.
between their government and that country's
government

effective

adjective

B2

successful or achieving the result that you

want

Being an effective communicator is an

important part of management.

Unit 01

elite

adjective

belonging to the richest, most powerful, best

educated or most skilful group in a society

elite athletes

Unit 01

endurance

noun

C2

the ability to keep doing something difficult,

unpleasant, or painful for a long time

You have to have plenty of endurance to

compete in a race.

Unit 01

enthusiasm

noun

B2

when you feel very interested in something

People give up doing things when hey have
and would very much like to be involved in it no enthusiasm for them.

Unit 01

et cetera

phrase

used at the end of a list to show that other

things or people could also be added to it;
often abbreviated as etc

Yeah, salads of course but also vegetarian

soup, pasta, curry et cetera.

Unit 01

examine

verb

B2

She picked up the knife and examined it

closely.

Unit 01

eyesight

noun

B2

to look at someone or something very

carefully, especially to try to discover
something
the ability to see

She has good eyesight.

Unit 01

feebly

adverb

C2

in a way that is unskilful or ineffective

If you can draw, however feebly, it helps.

Unit 01

feedback

noun

B2

It's important to get immediate feedback.

Unit 01

fit

adjective

A2

focused

adjective

B2

follow
follow

verb
verb

B1
C1

an opinion from someone about something

that you have done or made
healthy, especially because you exercise
regularly
giving a lot of attention to one particular
thing
to understand something
to be interested in an event or activity

for instance

phrase

B1

for example

You have to be physically fit and strong for

sailing.
You have to be very focused on the
conditions around you.
Do you follow me?
Students should follow their interests.
Many teenagers earn money, for instance by
babysitting or cleaning cars.

Unit 01

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Unit 01
Unit 01
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Unit 01

genuine

adjective

B2

get

verb

A1

ginger

noun

gist

noun

goal

noun

B1

good

adjective

A2

If something is genuine, it is really what it

seems to be.
to obtain or buy something
a pale brown root with a strong taste used as
a spice in cooking
the most important pieces of information
about something, or general information
without details
something you want to do successfully in the
future
suitable or satisfactory

good at

phrase

A1

able to do something well

good with

phrase

A1

able to deal with something or someone well

guitarist

noun

B1

hijack

verb

hook up with (sb)

phrasal
verb

imagination

noun

B1

immediate

adjective

B2

in particular

phrase

B1

intermediate

adjective

B1

internally

adverb

C1

junior

adjective

B2

justice

noun

B2

someone who plays the guitar, especially as

their job
to take control of an aircraft during a journey,
especially using violence
to get together with someone in order to do
something
the ability to create ideas or pictures in your
mind
happening or done without waiting or very
soon after something else
especially
between the highest and lowest levels of
knowledge or skill
inside a person, object, organisation, place or
country
low or lower in rank
behaviour or treatment that is fair and
morally correct

a genuine gold necklace

Unit 01

Could you get me some chocolate?

Unit 01

ginger cake

Unit 01

That was the gist of what he said.

Unit 01

The process involves setting specific goals.

Unit 01

It's a good size.

Im good at helping people get on with each
other.

Unit 01

Ive always been good with numbers.

Unit 01

He was a guitarist in a rock band.

Unit 01

The plane was hijacked by terrorists.

Unit 01

Why don't you hook up with some mates to

do it?
A game designer has to have plenty of
imagination.
The government has promised to take
immediate action.

Unit 01

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Unit 01
Unit 01

For Hilary in particular it was interesting.

Unit 01

intermediate students

Unit 01

This medicine should not be taken internally.

Unit 01

a junior minister/senator
She tried to bring about fairness and justice
for all.

Unit 01
Unit 01

lack

verb

B2

league

noun

B1

limitation
listener

noun
noun

C1
C1

to not have something, or not have enough of

something
a group of teams which compete against each
other in a sport
a rule or situation that limits something
someone who listens

logical

adjective

B2

using reason

majority

noun

B2

more than half of a group of people or things

make sense

phrase

B2

manage

verb

mental

She really lacks confidence.

Unit 01

top/bottom of the league

Unit 01

space limitations
I'm a good listener.
The logical thing is to return the tree to the
garden centre.
The majority of people in this country own
their houses.

Unit 01

to have a meaning or reason that you can

understand

It makes a lot of sense.

Unit 01

B1

to be in control of an office, shop, team, etc

The director of photography manages the

camera and lighting crew.

Unit 01

adjective

B2

relating to the mind, or involving the process

mental health/illness
of thinking

Unit 01

modest

adjective

C1

If you are modest, you do not talk in a proud

way about your skills or successes.

He's very modest about his achievements.

Unit 01

multi-task

verb

to do several activities at the same time

Most mothers are good at multi-tasking.

Unit 01

natural

adjective

B1

not think much of phrase

obvious

adjective

overrated

adjective

persuasive

adjective

physically

adverb

B1

Something that is natural exists or happens

Do you know anyone who has natural talent
because of nature, not because it was made or
in something?
done by people.
Where I live, people generally think highly of
to not think someone or something is good or
doctors but they dont think much of
important
teachers.
easy to understand or see
It's a bit obvious.

Unit 01
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If something is overrated, it is considered to

be better or more important than it really is.

I think his work is overrated.

Unit 01

C1

able to make people agree to do something

I don't find it very persuasive.

Unit 01

B2

in a way that relates to the body

You have to be physically fit and strong for

sailing.

Unit 01

piata

noun

possess

verb

C1

practice

noun

A2

a container that is filled with sweets or small

presents and is hit with sticks until it breaks,
used at celebrations
to have or own something
when you repeat an activity to improve your
ability

We made a piata for Maria's party.

Unit 01

They simply dont possess the talent.

Practice is important if you want to be good
at something.

Unit 01

She's so precious about her art.

Unit 01

Unit 01

precious

adjective

B2

behaving in a very formal and unnatural way

by giving too much attention to details that
are not important and trying too hard to be
perfect.

psychology

noun

B2

the study of the human mind and feelings

child psychology

Unit 01

pursuit

noun

an activity that you spend time doing, often

when you are not working

outdoor pursuits

Unit 01

put in

phrasal
verb

to fix a large piece of equipment or system

into a room or building, ready to be used

Its a very old building but weve decided to

put in central heating.

Unit 01

reflex

noun

a physical reaction that you cannot control

She's good at sport, she must have quick

reflexes

Unit 01

relevant

adjective

relevant information

Unit 01

riddle

noun

scenery

noun

B1

scholar

noun

C1

self-discipline

noun

C2

self-esteem

noun

C1

sensitive

adjective

B2

A1

B2

related or useful to what is happening or

being talked about
a situation or event that you cannot
understand
the attractive, natural things that you see in
the countryside
someone who has studied a subject and
knows a lot about it
the ability to make yourself do things that you
do not want to do
confidence in yourself and a belief in your
qualities and abilities
able to understand what people are feeling
and deal with them in a way that does not
upset them

Scientists may have solved the riddle of

Saturn's rings.
The Grand Canyon is famous for its
spectacular scenery.

Unit 01
Unit 01

a legal scholar

Unit 01

Do you have a lot of self-discipline?

Unit 01

Those who receive training have a better

self-esteem.

Unit 01

be sensitive to people's feelings

Unit 01

to establish or cause to exist

The process involves setting specific goals.

Unit 01

making something complicated seem simple

by ignoring many of the details

It seems quite simplistic.

Unit 01

C1

to draw a rough picture

I sketched a map for him on a scrap of paper.

Unit 01

adjective

B1

If a taste, smell, etc is strong, it is very

noticeable.

I love the strong colours

Unit 01

talent

noun

B1

a natural ability to do something

talented

adjective

B1

with talent; able or skilful

tendency

noun

C1

something that someone often does, or

something that often happens

She has a tendency to talk for too long.

Unit 01

B1

similar objects

Right. Well, I think we should have balloons

and candles and that kind of thing.

Unit 01

a complete description of a situation,

including every aspect of it

Thats not the whole picture.

Unit 01

for that reason

The region has suffered severe flooding and

tourists are therefore advised not to travel
there.

Unit 01

used when you are talking about something

whose name you cannot remember

Wed need a thingummy - erm, a video

camera.

Unit 01

OK, and how about a thingy for her to wear?

Unit 01

What do you think about your countrys

football team?

Unit 01

set

verb

simplistic

adjective

sketch

verb

strong

that kind of thing phrase

B2

the whole picture phrase

therefore

adverb

thingummy

noun

thingy

noun

think about

phrasal
verb

think ahead to
think aloud

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

B1

A1
C2

used to refer to something or someone when

you cannot remember their name
If you ask someone what they think about
something or someone, you are asking for
their opinion of them.
to think about things that will happen in the
future
to automatically say what you are thinking

Do you know anyone who has natural talent

in something?
Do you know anyone who is talented at
something?

I know people who are always thinking

ahead to their next holiday.
I find that thinking aloud helps me to solve
problems.

Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01

think back to

phrasal
verb

B1

think for yourself phrase

think highly of

phrasal
verb

think long and

hard about

phrase

think of

phrasal
verb

C2

B1

think on your feet idiom

think straight

phrase

think twice about phrase

C1

tournament

noun

B1

training

noun

B1

transferable

adjective

visualise

verb

well-organised

adjective

whats-her-name noun

whats-his-name noun

B2

to remember something that happened in the

past
to make your own decisions and form your
own opinions, without depending on other
people

As I get older, I think back to my schooldays

more and more.

Unit 01

The best school teachers encourage children

to think for themselves.

Unit 01

Where I live, people generally think highly of

doctors but they dont think much of
teachers.
I thought long and hard about what shoes to
to consider something for a long time
wear today.
Can you think of three reasons why you
to get an idea in your mind
started studying English?
to make a quick decision or give an answer
I really dont enjoy situations where I have
quickly
to think on my feet.
I cant think straight if theres music on while
to think clearly
Im trying to work.
to consider whether what you are planning to If I won a lot of money, Id think twice about
do will have good results
telling my friends.
a competition with a series of games between
many teams or players, with one winner at
a golf/tennis tournament
the end
the process of learning the skills you need to Those who receive training have a better
do a particular job or activity
self-esteem.
able to be used in different situations
transferable skills
to create a picture in your mind of someone
I can't quite visualise what you mean.
or something
good at planning things carefully and keeping
A good manager has to be well-organised.
things tidy
used for referring to a woman or girl when
Can you bring your CDs by whats-heryou cannot remember or do not know her
name? The Brazilian guitarist?
name
to consider someone to be important and
have a lot of respect for them

used for referring to a man or boy when you

cannot remember or do not know his name

I can ask whats-his-name ...Kerrys cousin.

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01
Unit 01

Unit 01

Unit 01

any object or person whose name you have

temporarily forgotten or do not know

What about a Mexican whatsit?

whatsit

noun

will

noun

B2

the mental power to control your thoughts

and actions or to succeed in doing something have the will to succeed
difficult

Unit 01

accidentally

adverb

B2

by chance or by mistake

I accidentally locked myself out of my flat.

Unit 02

alive

adjective

B1

living, not dead

Unit 02

apart from

phrase

B1

except for or in addition to

assume

verb

B2

Are your grandparents still alive?

Nobody knows about this apart from a few
friends.
Everything was quiet when I got home so I
assumed that you had gone out.

basic

adjective

B1

basic ideas/principles

Unit 02

beauty

noun

B1

the quality of being beautiful

bizarre

adjective

B2

bone

noun

B1

bounce

verb

B2

box

noun

A1

branch

noun

B1

briefly

adjective

B1

very strange and surprising

one of the hard pieces that make the structure
inside a human or animal
to hit a surface and then move quickly away,
or to make something do this
a square or rectangular container
one of several shops, offices, etc that are part
of a company or organisation
for a short time

by that time

phrase

A2

calmly

adverb

B2

canopy

noun

carefully

adverb

A2

to think that something is likely to be true,

although you have no proof
being the main or most important part of
something

The whole area is famous for its natural

beauty.
bizarre behaviour

Unit 01

Unit 02
Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02

She broke a bone in her foot.

Unit 02

The ball bounced high into the air.

Unit 02

a cardboard box

Unit 02

a bank with branches all over the country

Unit 02

We chatted briefly about the weather.

By that time, wed been waiting more than
at that moment
two hours.
Think of something you find difficult to think
in a relaxed way
about calmly.
The strings attached to the canopy got
the main part of a parachute, made from cloth
tangled around my legs.
Think of something you choose carefully
with great attention
when shopping.

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

She threw her bag carelessly into the corner

of the room.
The front carriage of the train is for firstclass passengers only.

carelessly

adverb

B2

carriage

noun

C1

one of the separate parts of a train where the

passengers sit

catalogue

noun

B2

a book with a list of all the goods that you can

buy from a shop, or of all the books,
a clothing catalogue
paintings, etc that you can find in a place

ceremony

noun

B1

choir
circle

noun
verb

B2
B1

cost

verb

A2

deliberately

adverb

B2

dig

verb

B1

dislocate

verb

due

adjective

duke

noun

earth

noun
phrasal
verb

B2

expected or planned
a man of very high social rank in some parts
of Europe
soil or ground

B1

to finally be in a particular place or situation

enthusiastically

adverb

B2

with great excitement, pleasure and interest

establish

verb

B2

fear

noun

B1

end up

a formal event that is performed on

important social or religious occasions
a group of people who sing together
to draw a circle around something
If something costs a particular amount of
money, you have to pay that in order to buy
or do it.
intentionally, having planned to do
something
to break or move the ground with a tool,
machine, etc

Unit 02

Unit 02

a wedding/marriage ceremony

Unit 02

a school/church choir
Circle the answer you think is correct.

Unit 02

It cost me another twenty pounds.

Unit 02

Rikyu had deliberately cut down all the

flowers!

Unit 02

Digging the garden is good exercise.

Unit 02

If you dislocate a part of your body, the bones

I think you've dislocated your shoulder.
move away from their correct position.
B1

Unit 02

Unit 02

Unit 02

He was due to fly back this morning.

Unit 02

the Duke of Beaufort

Unit 02

a mound of earth
My company moved to Alabama, so thats
how I ended up living here.

Unit 02

The audience cheered enthusiastically.

Unit 02

to start a company or organisation that will

The brewery was established in 1822.
continue for a long time
a strong, unpleasant feeling that you get when
you think that something bad, dangerous, or She was trembling with fear.
frightening might happen

Unit 02

Unit 02

Unit 02

after a long time or some difficulty

Finally, when I realised that there was

nothing more I could do, I thought, Right,
Im dead.

finally

adverb

A2

flu

noun

B1

for instance

phrase

B1

fracture

verb

furiously

adverb

B2

gardener

noun

B2

someone who works in a garden, growing

plants and making it look attractive

We employ three gardeners.

Unit 02

generally
speaking

phrase

B2

used to introduce a statement that is mainly

or usually true

Generally speaking, I think people used to be

more open and friendly.

Unit 02

get by

phrasal
verb

give

verb

A1

to provide someone with something

gradually
(the) ground
have a tendency
to
heights

adverb
noun

B2
B1

slowly over a period of time

the surface of the Earth

immigration

noun

B2

include

verb

A2

inconvenience

noun

C1

incredibly

adverb

B2

jump

noun

B2

an illness like a very bad cold, that makes you

I had the flu last week.
feel hot and weak
for example
Jane, for instance, can drive.
to break something hard such as a bone, or a
She's fractured her ankle.
piece of rock
Have you ever reacted furiously to
in a very angry way
something on TV?

to be able to live or deal with a situation with

I don't know how he gets by on so little
difficulty, usually by having just enough of
money.
something you need, such as money

phrase

to often do something

noun

high places
when someone comes to live in a different
country

A dream could give you the idea for a great

work of art.
Gradually he began to get better.
I sat down on the ground.
People have a tendency to learn languages in
the big cities.
I've always been scared of heights.

Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

immigration policy

Unit 02

to make something part of something else

He included the story in his book on France.

Unit 02

when something causes difficulty such as

unexpected changes or effort
extremely
a sudden movement off the ground or off a
high place

The Director apologised for any

inconvenience caused.
I remember feeling incredibly lonely.
He won with a jump of 8.5 metres.

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

jungle

noun

B1

an area of land, usually in tropical countries,

where trees and plants grow close together

jungle animals

Unit 02

leave

verb

A2

to not take something with you when you go

away from a place, either intentionally or by
accident

If we leave it where it is, no onell see it.

Unit 02

lend

verb

A2

If a bank lends money, it gives money to

someone who then pays the money back in
small amounts over a period.

Would you lend me fifty euros?'

Unit 02

malfunction

noun

master

noun

C2

someone who does something very well

meanwhile

adverb

B1

in the time between two things happening, or The mother is ill. The child, meanwhile, is
while something else is happening
living with foster parents.

Unit 02

mine

noun

B2

an underground system of holes and passages

He worked at the mine.
where people dig out coal or other minerals

Unit 02

misunderstandin
noun
g

B2

mix-up

noun

B2

morning glory

noun

next

adjective

A2

The next time, event, person, or thing is the

one nearest to now or the one that follows the Next thing I knew, I was falling fast.
present one.

Unit 02

observe

verb

B2

to watch someone or something carefully

Unit 02

offer

verb

B2

opinionated

adjective

a failure to work or operate correctly

Shortly before the crash the pilot had

reported a malfunction of the aircraft's
navigation system.
He was a master of disguise.

when someone does not understand

something correctly
when there is a mistake because things are
confused

How would you deal with a

misunderstanding.
There was a mix-up with the bags at the
airport.

a type of flower which opens in the morning

We planted some morning glories.

Children learn by observing adults.

to say that you will pay a particular amount of

We can offer a refund on the room rental.
money
being too certain that your strong opinions
She's a very opinionated young woman.
are correct

Unit 02
Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02

We have the option of hiring someone to do

the cleaning.
He taught me a lot about determination I
owe him a lot.

option

noun

B1

a choice

owe

verb

B2

to have to pay money back to someone

parachute

noun

B2

passage

noun

B2

pot

noun

B1

princess

noun

B1

promise

verb

B1

to say that you will certainly do something or He promised that hed have the corporate
that something will certainly happen
logo tattooed on his forearm.

Unit 02

pure

adjective

B1

A pure substance is not mixed with anything

else.

pure gold

Unit 02

reluctant

adjective

C1

not wanting to do something

Many victims of crime are reluctant to go to

the police.

Unit 02

remember (+ ing) verb

A1

search

noun

B1

send

verb

A1

shack

noun

shine

verb

B1

show

verb

B1

a large piece of cloth which is fixed to your

body by strings and helps you to drop safely
from an aircraft
a long, narrow space that connects one place
to another
a round container, usually used for storing
things or cooking
the daughter of a king or queen, or one of
their close female relatives

Unit 02
Unit 02

Her parachute failed to open.

Unit 02

There's a passage to the side of the house,

leading to the garden.

Unit 02

a flower pot

Unit 02

He married a princess.

Unit 02

If you remember a fact or something from the

past, you keep it in your mind, or bring it
I remember feeling incredibly lonely.
back into your mind.
Police are continuing their search for the
when you try to find someone or something
missing girl.
to cause something to go from one place to
He sent me a text.
another
a small simple building that has been badly
Their house is little more than a shack.
built
The sun was shining brightly through the
to produce bright light
window.
If a picture, film, map, etc shows something,
This painting shows an imaginary scene.
that thing can be seen in the picture, film, etc.

Unit 02

Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02
Unit 02

Unit 02

slightly

adverb

B2

spiritual

adjective

B2

spread

verb

B2

suddenly

adverb

B1

super
tangle

tight

adjective
verb
phrasal
verb
adjective

trouble

a little
relating to deep feelings and beliefs,
especially religious beliefs
to increase, or move to cover a larger area or
affect a larger number of people

In the cities, people do things in a slightly

different way.

Unit 02

a spiritual leader

Unit 02

used to emphasise an adjective

to become twisted together

The smoke soon spread into all the rooms in

the house.
Suddenly, he noticed that the garden was full
of fantastic flowers.
super fast
The rope was tangled around my legs.

B2

to generally behave in a particular way

People tend to keep to themselves now.

Unit 02

B2

firm and difficult to move

Unit 02

noun

B2

inconvenience or effort

Make sure the knot is tight.

I had to go to the trouble of collecting it
myself.

truck

noun

B1

a large road vehicle for carrying goods from

place to place

typically

adverb

B1

used for saying what usually happens

untie

verb

B2

to open a knot or something that has been

tied with a knot

Typically youll have at least three, four

coffees a day.
I untied my shoelaces and kicked off my
shoes.

voucher

noun

a piece of paper that can be used instead of

money to pay for goods and services

I have some vouchers to spend in the book

shop.

wave

noun

B1

a line of higher water that moves across the

surface of the sea or a lake

way

noun

A2

how you do something

I could hear the waves crashing against the

rocks.
Your job is to collect information in the
fastest way possible.

widespread

adjective

C1

wish

phrase

B1

academic

adjective

B2

tend to

quickly and unexpectedly

affecting or including a lot of places, people,

etc
to want a situation that is different from the
one that exists
related to education, schools, universities, etc

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a widespread problem

Unit 02

I wish Id thought about it more carefully.

Unit 02

Schools should focus on academic subjects

rather than vocational training.

Unit 03

accompany

verb

B1

apparently

adverb

B2

appeal

verb

B2

apprenticeship

noun

ashamed

adjective

B1

assignment

noun

C1

ball game

noun

basically

adverb

be someone's
thing

phrase

be used to
something

phrase

B1

bell

noun

B2

B2

to happen or exist at the same time as

something else
used to say that something seems to be true,
although it is not certain
to interest or attract someone
when someone learns the skills needed to do
a job by working for someone who already
has skills and experience
feeling guilty or embarrassed about
something you have done

The teachers' book is accompanied by a video

cassette.

Unit 03

Apparently, he goes to quite a good school.

Unit 03

That doesnt really appeal to me.

Unit 03

Employees whove done apprenticeships are

better than those with paper qualifications.

Unit 03

You've got nothing to be ashamed of.

Unit 03

a piece of work or job that you are given to do a written assignment

Unit 03

any game that is played with a ball

He enjoyed tennis and other ball games.

Unit 03

used to introduce a short explanation about

something

Basically, the producer isnt very involved in

the interview

Unit 03

If an activity or subject is someone's thing,

This one isnt really my thing.
they are very interested in it and like doing it.
to be familiar with something, having
experienced it many times
an electrical object that makes a ringing
sound when you press a switch

Do you know anyone who is used to a lot of

pressure in their daily life?

Unit 03

Please ring the bell for attention.

Unit 03

an expression used to tell someone that what Between you and me I think his company's in
you are about to say should be kept secret
trouble.

between you and

phrase
me

Unit 03

Unit 03

blend

noun

C2

a combination of two or more things

Their music is a blend of jazz and African

rhythms.

Unit 03

brake

noun

B1

the part of a vehicle that makes it stop or go

more slowly

I slammed my foot on the brake.

Unit 03

break off

phrasal
verb

to separate from a larger piece

One of the branches broke off.

Unit 03

camper van

noun

a vehicle containing a bed, kitchen

equipment, etc that you can live in

We went away in our camper van.

Unit 03

campus

noun

B2

the land and buildings belonging to a college

or university

carry on

phrasal
verb

B1

to continue doing something

choice

noun

B1

the things or people you can choose from

chore

noun

C1

classic

adjective

B2

clear

verb

B1

a boring job that you must do

having a traditional style that is always
fashionable
to get rid of something

come into use

phrase

commitment

noun

coursework

noun

cover (verb)

verb

B1

curriculum

noun

B1

cut down (sth)

phrasal
verb

B2

deadline

noun

dedicated

Distance learning isnt as effective as face to

face or on-campus learning.
Think of a subject you wish youd carried on
studying for longer.
Do patients have a choice between public
and private hospitals?
household chores

Unit 03
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classic dance moves

Unit 03

He cleared all my doubts.

Unit 03

to start to be used

What kinds of technology and equipment are

are starting to come into use?

Unit 03

when you are willing to give your time and

energy to something that you believe in

We are looking for someone with talent,

enthusiasm, and commitment.

Unit 03

work done by students as part of their course

of study
to include or deal with a subject or piece of
information
all the subjects taught in a school, college, etc
or on an educational course
If you cut down a tree or bush, you make it
fall to the ground by cutting it near the
bottom.

Students grades should be based on

coursework rather than final exams.

Unit 03

The course covers a range of topics.

Unit 03

the school curriculum

Unit 03

We cut down the old apple tree.

Unit 03

B2

a time by which something must be done

to meet/miss a deadline

Unit 03

adjective

C1

believing that something is very important

and giving a lot of time and energy to it

dedicated teaching staff

Unit 03

determination

noun

B2

when someone continues trying to do

something, although it is very difficult

Andy Murray will need great determination

and skill to win this match.

Unit 03

dialogue

noun

B2

the talking in a book, play, or film

The dialogue is very clever.

Unit 03

B2

dissertation

noun

distance degree

noun

a very long piece of writing done as part of a

course of study
a degree for which you study at home rather
than at a university, sending and receiving
your work by email or post

distance learning noun

She's writing a dissertation on American

poetry.

Unit 03

I'm doing a distance degree.

Unit 03

a way of studying, especially for a degree,

where you study mostly at home, receiving
and sending off work by post

Distance learning isnt as effective as face-toface or on-campus learning.

Unit 03

distinguish

verb

B2

to recognise the differences between two

people, ideas, or things

Children must learn to distinguish between

right and wrong.

Unit 03

district

noun

B1

a part of a city or country, either an official

area or one that is known for having a
particular characteristic or business

the fashion district of New York

Unit 03

donation

noun

B2

drop out of

phrasal
verb

effort

noun

B1

the energy that you need to do something

I put a lot of effort into organising the party.

Unit 03

escape

noun

C1

when someone succeeds in getting out of a

place or a dangerous or bad situation

There was an escape from the prison last

night.

Unit 03

evening course

phrase

a series of classes for adults in a particular

subject that happens in the evening

Evening courses for adults should be partly

financed by the government.

Unit 03

extremely

adverb

B1

face-to-face
learning

phrase

B2

fellow

adjective

B2

when money or goods are given to help a

Would you like to make a donation?
person or organisation
to stop taking part in something before it has Have you ever dropped out of a course or
finished
competition?

very, or much more than usual

extremely beautiful
learning which happens as a result of
Distance learning isnt as effective as face-tospending time with a teacher and talking with
face or on-campus learning.
them
describes someone who has the same job or
interests as you, or is in the same situation as your fellow students
you

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basic medical treatment that you give

The policeman gave him first aid before the
someone who is ill or injured in an emergency ambulance arrived.

Unit 03

to give a lot of attention to one particular

subject

Lessons focus on the classic moves of this

entertaining and beautiful dance form.

Unit 03

used to introduce your opinion

For me, its a choice between two or three.

Unit 03

C2

easily broken, damaged, or destroyed

Unit 03

adverb

B2

in an honest and direct way

a fragile china cup

Frankly, I think the tree should be cut down it's not safe.

full-time course

phrase

B1

a course which someone does for the whole of

a working week

funnily enough

phrase

gain

verb

get used to
something

first aid

noun

focus on

phrasal
verb

for me

phrase

fragile

adjective

frankly

B2

Unit 03
Unit 03

although it seems strange and surprising

Funnily enough, I was just thinking about

you when you called.

Unit 03

B1

to get something useful or positive

The country gained independence in 1948.

Unit 03

phrase

B1

to become familiar with something or

Do you know anyone who takes a long time
someone, after experiencing it many times or
to get used to new people?
spending a lot of time with them

give something a
phrase
try

B2

give up

phrasal
verb

B1

go out of use

phrase

goodwill

noun

guarantee

verb

hands-on

adjective

B2

to use something for the first time to find out

if it is suitable or effective
If you give up a habit such as smoking, or give
up something unhealthy such as alcohol, you
stop doing it or having it.
to stop being used, having been replaced by
something newer
kind, friendly, or helpful feelings towards
other people
to make certain that something is true or will
happen
physically doing something and not only
studying it or watching someone else do it

Unit 03

Id like to give this one a try.

Unit 03

I've decided to give up smoking completely.

Unit 03

What kinds of technology and equipment

have gone out of use?
He gave them a thousand pounds as a
gesture of goodwill.
These dishes guarantee something to
everyone's taste.
hands-on experience

Unit 03
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Unit 03

Id be happy with either Cookery or

Psychology.
She was sent to the headteacher.

happy with

phrase

A2

satisfied and pleased with

headteacher

noun

A2

hopefully

adverb

B1

idiot

noun

B2

impression

noun

B2

in two minds

idiom

C1

the person in charge of a school

used, often at the start of a sentence, to
express what you would like to happen
a stupid person or someone who is behaving
in a stupid way
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something
or someone
unable to decide about something

in use

phrase

A2

used

What kinds of technology and equipment are

in regular use nowadays?

Unit 03

influence

noun

B2

someone or something that has an effect on

another person or thing

He was quite a positive influence on me.

Unit 03

inner

adjective

B2

Inner feelings, thoughts, etc are ones that you

a profound sense of inner peace
do not show or tell other people.

Unit 03

inner strength

phrase

B2

a quality in someone's character that allows

them to stay calm and succeed in difficult
situations

Unit 03

introduce
someone to
something

phrase

B2

to help someone to experience something for This course introduces you to the skill of
the first time
creative writing.

keep up

phrasal
verb

B1

lecture (noun)

noun

B1

Unit 03

Hopefully he won't go out of business.

Unit 03

Like an idiot, I believed him.

Unit 03

It caused a lot of controversy it made a big

impression on people.
Im in two minds about this one.

He was one of those people who have a lot of

inner strength.

Unit 03
Unit 03

Unit 03

It can be difficult to keep up your

concentration.

Unit 03

Seminars are a waste of time. Students learn

much more from lectures.

Unit 03

B2

to suddenly become very angry

He doesn't often lose his temper.

Unit 03

phrase

B2

to use something effectively, with good

results

Do you think you made good use of your

time at school or college?

Unit 03

phrase

B1

to decide something

I cant make up my mind about it.

Unit 03

lose your temper phrase

make good use
of something
make up one's
mind

to continue without stopping or changing or

to continue something without allowing it to
stop or change
a formal talk given to a group of people in
order to teach them about a subject

Unit 03

a metal disc given as a prize in a competition

a bronze medal
or given to someone who has been very brave

Unit 03

an experienced person who gives help and

advice to someone with less experience

I had a great mentor in my first job.

Unit 03

B1

If you have mixed feelings about something,

you are pleased and not pleased at the same
time.

Ive got mixed feelings about that one

Unit 03

noun

C2

a story or description of a series of events

The class will focus on dialogue and

narrative.

Unit 03

narrow down

phrasal
verb

C2

to make a number or list of things smaller

and clearer, by removing the things that are
least important or suitable

Ive narrowed it down to these two.

Unit 03

no way

phrase

B1

nominate

verb

C1

medal

noun

mentor

noun

mixed feelings

phrase

narrative

B2

not mind (+ ing) phrase

B1

obviously

adverb

B1

online learning

phrase

A2

patient

adjective

B1

personally

adverb

B1

plague

verb

C2

postgraduate
course

phrase

prayer

noun

B1

certainly not
Theres no way Id just telephone.
to officially suggest a person or their work for
He was nominated for an award.
a prize
If you wouldn't mind doing something, you
I wouldnt mind doing a course in First Aid.
are willing to do it.

Unit 03

in a way that is easy to understand or see

Unit 03

Obviously, they had a lucky escape.

a way of learning that involves the use of

computers and the Internet
having patience

Is the use of online learning in teaching

small children a good idea?
Ive never met anybody so patient.
Personally, I think its amazing that someone
used when you are going to give your opinion
so young could do that.
to annoy someone, especially by asking
We plagued him with questions.
repeated questions.

Unit 03
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a course of study that a person does after they These days you need to do postgraduate
have received their first degree
courses to get a good job.

Unit 03

the words you say to a god

Unit 03

Shall we say a prayer for him?

pride

noun

B2

a feeling of satisfaction at your achievements She felt a great sense of pride as she watched
or the achievements of your family or friends him accept the award.

Unit 03

qualify

verb

B2

to pass exams so that you are able to do a job He's recently qualified as a doctor.

Unit 03

remarkably

adverb

C1

noun

C1

He works remarkably long hours.

Jane is such a good role model for her
younger sister.

Unit 03

role model

in a way that makes you feel surprised

someone you try to behave like because you
admire them

schedule

noun

B2

a plan that gives events or activities and the

times that they will happen or be done

I have a very busy schedule today.

Unit 03

seminar

noun

B2

seriously

adverb

B1

sign up

phrasal
verb

B1

sound

noun

C2

squeeze

verb

B2

to press something firmly

surprisingly

adverb

B1

unexpectedly or in a way that is unusual

take on

phrasal
verb

B2

to accept a responsibility

thankfully

adverb

C1

used at the beginning of a sentence to show

that you are pleased or grateful about
something

Thankfully, the whole family was out and no

one got hurt.

Unit 03

the use of

phrase

A2

the act of using something

Do you think the use of these things in

teaching young children is a good idea?

Unit 03

tire

noun

A2

the American spelling of tyre; the rubber

covering for a wheel

One of my tires burst.

Unit 03

a meeting of a group of people with a teacher

Seminars are a waste of time. Students learn
or expert for training, discussion, or study of
much more from lectures.
a subject
Our students take their responsibilities very
in a serious way
seriously.
If you had more time, what course would
to arrange to do an organized activity
you sign up for?
how something seems to be, from what is said
I like the sound of this one.
or written
She squeezed his hand and said goodbye.
Surprisingly, he managed on his own at first
but nowadays he gets funding from the
regional government.
Ive recently taken on the role of their
teacher.

Unit 03

Unit 03

Unit 03
Unit 03
Unit 03
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Unit 03

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to tell you the

truth

phrase

B1

used before saying your real opinion or

feeling about something

To tell you the truth, I think owning your

own business is quite stressful.

Unit 03

unfortunately

adverb

A2

used to say that you wish something was not

true or that something had not happened

Unfortunately Dominic cant make it hes

still at the office.

Unit 03

use something
as
use something
for

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

A1

to put something to a particular purpose

You could cut it in half and use it as a cup.

Unit 03

A1

to put something to a particular purpose

I suppose you could use them for packing

fragile things.

Unit 03

van

noun

B1

a vehicle that is used for carrying things but

which is smaller than a truck

I borrowed my brother's van.

Unit 03

varied

adjective

B2

consisting of many different things or types

a varied diet

Unit 03

vocation

noun

C2

a strong feeling that you are right for a

particular type of work, or a job that gives you He knew that teaching was his true vocation.
this feeling

Unit 03

vocational
training

phrase

when people are taught the skills and

knowledge that prepare them for jobs rather
than for university studies

Unit 03

work experience noun

work on
work towards

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

a lot of

B2

a period of time in which a student

temporarily works for an employer to get
experience
to spend time trying to improve something,
especially a skill
to do things that will help you to achieve a
particular thing

A1

a large amount of

Schools should focus on academic subjects

rather than vocational training.
Many firms understand that giving work
experience to students will benefit everyone
in the long term.
What skills did you have to work on when
you were younger?
Write down a goal you are working towards
at the moment.
Theres a lot of laughing, shouting and
screaming and crying as well.

abstract

adjective

B2

Abstract art involves shapes and colours and

not images of real things or people.

Well, its a kind of abstract sculpture, maybe

a monument.

actress

noun

A2

a woman whose job is to perform in plays and

His mother was an actress.
films

Unit 03

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Unit 04

Unit 04

Unit 04

to change a book or play so that it can be

made into a film or television programme

Both novels have been adapted for television.

Unit 04

If something is advisable, it will avoid

problems if you do it.

Its advisable to get tickets for one act only.

Unit 04

B2

the main official sent by the government of a

country to represent it in another country

the French ambassador to Britain

Unit 04

verb

B2

to make someone smile or laugh

Was the structure built just to amuse people?

Unit 04

ancient

adjective

B1

very old

It's a historic town with some very

impressive ancient buildings and statues.

Unit 04

angel

noun

B1

a spiritual creature like a human with wings,

who some people believe lives with God in
heaven

a statue of an angel

Unit 04

anywhere

adverb

A2

in or to any place

It can be anywhere between two hundred

and four hundred people.

Unit 04

appear in (sth)

phrasal
verb

B1

to perform in a film, play, etc.

She appeared in his latest movie.

Unit 04

appoint

verb

C1

to officially choose someone for a job

He was appointed as company director last

year.

Unit 04

arch

noun

C2

a curved structure that usually supports

something, for example a bridge or wall

You enter the palace through a grand marble

arch.

Unit 04

artificial

adjective

B2

not natural, but made by people

as far as

phrase

B2

attraction

noun

B1

audio tour

noun

avenue

noun

adapt

verb

advisable

adjective

ambassador

noun

amuse

B2

an artificial flower/lake
As far as I can remember it was the fifteenth
as much as
century.
something that makes people come to a place The Eiffel Tower quickly became a tourist
or want to do a particular thing
attraction.
recorded information about a place such as a
museum that you can listen to as you visit it

C1

You can rent audio tours here.

a wide road in a town or city, often with trees

a tree-lined avenue
along it

Unit 04
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Unit 04

Unit 04

Unit 04

If something baffles you, you cannot

understand it at all.
the hard substance that covers the surface of
a tree

The police were baffled by his

disappearance.

Unit 04

These trees have very thick bark.

Unit 04

Be sure to go to the Kabuki Theatre when

you're in Tokyo.

Unit 04

a bleak landscape

Unit 04

They threatened to blow up the plane.

Unit 04

We put the old chair on the bonfire.

Unit 04

your bratty friends

Unit 04

an important discovery or development that

helps solve a problem

He had his first breakthrough with a

collection of short stories at the age of 49.

Unit 04

made of bronze (= a shiny orange-brown

metal)

a bronze statue

Unit 04

baffle

verb

bark

noun

be sure to

phrase

bleak

adjective

C2

blow up

phrasal
verb

B1

bonfire

noun

bratty

adjective

breakthrough
(noun)

noun

B2

bronze

adjective

C2

Buddha

noun

celebrate

verb

B1

charming

adjective
phrasal
verb

B1

to take part in special enjoyable activities in

order to show that a particular occasion is
important
pleasant or attractive

C1

to go to a place in order to see what it is like

commemorate

verb

C2

consist of (sth)

phrasal
verb

conspirator

noun

construct

verb

check out

to be certain to
If a place is bleak, it is cold, empty and not
attractive.
to destroy something or kill someone with a
bomb
a large fire outside, often used for burning
waste
behaving in an unpleasant, childish way

a model of the Indian holy man on whose life There was a Buddha in the corner of the
and teachings Buddhism is based
room.
The monument is in the shape of a spire and
was erected to celebrate the Millennium.

Unit 04

Unit 04

A row of charming little shops.

Check out the food floors in department
stores.

Unit 04

to do something to show you remember an

important person or event in the past with
respect

Statues often commemorate a past event.

Unit 04

B1

to be made of or formed from something

The concert will consist ofa series of songs.

Unit 04

B2

someone who secretly plans with other people

All the conspirators were caught.
to do something bad or illegal
to build something from several parts
The building was constructed in 1930.

Unit 04

Unit 04
Unit 04

construction

noun

B2

something large that is built

This steel construction is 20m tall.

Unit 04

controversial

adjective

B2

causing a lot of disagreement or argument

a controversial decision/issue

Unit 04

controversy

noun

C1

a lot of disagreement and argument about

something

The sculpture caused a lot of controversy at

first.

Unit 04

cover

verb

B1

to form a layer on the surface of something

Snow covered the trees.

Unit 04

criticise

verb

B2

to say that something or someone is bad

It was heavily criticised at first but people

are beginning to warm to it now.

Unit 04

cross

noun

A1

a shape with a long vertical line with a shorter

horizontal line across it or an object with this The cloth was decorated with crosses.
shape

Unit 04

debut

noun

C1

when someone performs or presents

something to the public for the first time

She made her debut as a pianist in 1975.

Unit 04

decade

noun

B2

a period of ten years

I did not meet him again for more than a

decade.

Unit 04

dominate

verb

C1

to be the largest, most important, or most

noticeable part of something

The cathedral dominates the skyline.

Unit 04

duration

noun

C1

the amount of time that something lasts

The singer remained in the hotel for the

duration of his stay in the UK.

Unit 04

emperor

noun

C1

the male ruler of an empire (=group of

Emperor Charlemagne
countries ruled by one person or government)

emphasis

noun

B2

enormous

adjective

B1

entertainer

noun

B2

entire

adjective

B2

erect

verb

the extra force that you give to a word or part

The emphasis is on the final syllable.
of a word when you are saying it
extremely large
You go through an enormous red gate.
someone whose job is to entertain people by
She is a children's entertainer.
singing, telling jokes, etc
She spent her entire life caring for other
whole or complete
people.
The monument was erected to celebrate the
to build or put up a structure
Millennium.

Unit 04

Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 04
Unit 04

essentially

adverb

euphoric

adjective

extend

verb

C2

extraordinary

adjective

B1

used when you are emphasising the basic

facts about something
extremely happy and excited
to stretch over a particular object or area of
land
very special, unusual, or strange

extravagant

adjective

C2

costing a lot

eyesore

noun

famous

adjective

A1

known or recognized by many people

fascinating

adjective

B2

firework

noun

B1

forbidden

adjective

B1

funeral

noun

B2

go on

phrasal
verb

B1

extremely interesting
a small object that explodes to produce a loud
noise and bright colours and is often used to a firework display
celebrate special events
not allowed, especially by law
Smoking is forbidden.
a ceremony for burying or burning the body
The funeral will be held next Friday.
of a dead person
This went on for some years until they
to last for a particular period of time
finally complained to the police.

graduate

verb

B2

to complete your education successfully at a

university, college, or, in the US, at school

He graduated from Cambridge University in

2006.

Unit 04

grow

verb

B2

to start to do something gradually

People didn't like it at first but grew to love

it.

Unit 04

heaven

noun

B2

according to some religions, the place where

good people go when they die

They think they will go to heaven.

Unit 04

heavily

adverb

B1

a lot or to a great degree

It was heavily criticised at first but people

are beginning to warm to it now.

Unit 04

historic

adjective

B1

important in history or likely to be important It's a historic town with some very
in history
impressive ancient buildings and statues.

B2

What he is saying is essentially true.

Unit 04

a euphoric mood
The spire extends above all the other
buildings.
an extraordinary tale of courage

Unit 04

the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star

Unit 04

a building, area, etc that looks ugly compared Some people loved the new monument,
to the things that are around it
others called it an eyesore.
She was probably the most famous singer of
the Arab World.
The shops are fascinating.

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a place where natural hot water comes up out

We bathed in a hot spring.
of the ground
Something which is imaginative is new or
an imaginative use of colour
clever and often unusual.

hot spring

noun

imaginative

adjective

C1

impressive

adjective

B2

Someone or something that is impressive

makes you admire and respect them.

in addition

noun

B1

as well

in honour of

phrase

B2

inn
intend
jammed

noun
verb
adjective

B1
C2

knot

noun

C2

landmark

noun

C1

landscape

noun

B1

look forward to
(+_ing)

phrasal
verb

B2

lyrics

noun
phrasal
verb

B2

make someone
think

phrase

B1

make sure

phrase

A2

miss

noun

A2

make of

C2

in order to celebrate or show respect for

someone or something
a small hotel in the countryside
to have as a plan or purpose
full of people
a place where pieces of string, rope, etc have
been tied together
a building that you can easily recognize,
especially one that helps you to know where
you are
the appearance of an area of land, especially
in the countryside

It's a historic town with some very

impressive ancient buildings and statues.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a
villa in Italy.
It's a bronze statue, erected in honour of
Saigo Takamori.
They stayed at an inn.
The vase was intended to be a gift.
Its a busy area, jammed with people.

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I untied the knots.

Unit 04

The Statue of Liberty is one of the world's

most famous landmarks.

Unit 04

It looked odd at first but now people just see

it as part of the landscape.

Unit 04

used at the end of a formal letter to show that We look forward to discussing them further
you hope to hear from someone soon
at a time of your convenience.

Unit 04

the words of a song

to understand or think about someone or
something in a particular way
to cause someone to have doubts about
something or to consider something very
seriously
to take action so that you are certain that
something happens, is true, etc
to not do an activity

The song has beautiful lyrics.

People didnt know what to make of the
tower at first.

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Make sure you see the Great Buddha while

you're there.
Dont miss the well-stocked Hakuhinkan toy
store in Tokyo.

Unit 04
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modern

adjective

A2

using the newest ideas, design, technology,

etc and not traditional

modern art/architecture

Unit 04

monument

noun

B2

a statue or building that is built to honour a

special person or event

The monument is in the shape of a spire and

was erected to celebrate the Millennium.

Unit 04

nail

noun

B2

a three-inch nail

Unit 04

novelist

noun

B2

Unit 04

nowadays

adverb

B1

He is a children's novelist.
Nowadays people celebrate Bonfire Night
together.

old days

phrase

open

adjective

palm tree

noun

pavilion

noun

peculiar
poet

adjective
noun

B2
B1

strange, often in an unpleasant way

someone who writes poems

public

noun

B1

all ordinary people

put up

phrasal
verb

B2

to stay somewhere for the night

real

adjective

B2

important, proper

She had her first real success when she began

performing at the Arabic Theatre Palace.

Unit 04

realistic

adjective

B1

showing things and people as they really are,

or making them seem to be real

That statue is very realistic.

Unit 04

receive

verb

C1

to react to a suggestion or piece of work in a

particular way

The monument was badly received when it

was first built.

Unit 04

a thin piece of metal with a sharp end, used to

join pieces of wood together
a person who writes novels
at the present time, especially when
compared to the past

Unit 04

a period in the past

In the old days, people used to celebrate

Bonfire Night in their back gardens.

Unit 04

A2

not closed or fastened

The Eiffel Tower opened to the public in May

1889.

Unit 04

C1

a tall tree with long leaves at the top which

grows in hot countries

We sat under the palm trees.

Unit 04

a large tent that is used for outside events or a

We visited the pavilion.
decorative building in this shape
The wine had a peculiar, musty smell.
He was a French poet.
The Eiffel Tower opened to the public in May
1889.
The hotel was full so I asked Abbas to put me
up for a few days.

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Unit 04

It takes a long time to recover from surgery.

Unit 04

making you feel less hot or tired

If you can, try out a mountain onsen theyre wonderfully refreshing.

Unit 04

B2

to consider something in a particular way

Today, the Tower is widely regarded as a

striking piece of structural art.

Unit 04

B2

to repair something old

verb

B1

recover

verb

B1

refreshing

adjective

C1

phrase
verb

regard
something as
something
restore

to advise someone that something should be

done
to become healthy or happy again after an
illness, injury, or period of sadness

Id strongly recommend it.

recommend

correct in your opinion or explanation

right in saying

phrase

rightly

adverb

B2

say

verb

B1

sculpture

noun

B1

section

noun

B1

shrine

in a correct way
to tell someone about a fact, thought, or
opinion
a piece of art that is made from stone, wood,
clay, etc

to restore antiques
I think Im right in saying that you can rent
an audio tour.
If I remember rightly, its a two or three
hours by bus.

Unit 04

I'd rather not say.

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Its a huge sculpture in the shape of an angel.

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one of the parts that something is divided into a non-smoking section in a restaurant

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noun

a place where people go to pray because it is

connected with a holy person or event

They prayed at the shrine.

Unit 04

signify

verb

to be a sign of something

The sculpture signifies that you have arrived

somewhere.

Unit 04

sitcom

noun

He starred in several sitcoms.

Unit 04

skyline

noun

the New York skyline

Unit 04

spike

noun

The spike extends above all the other

buildings.

Unit 04

spire

noun

We gazed up at the church spire.

Unit 04

a funny television programme that is about

the same group of people every week in
different situations
the pattern that is made against the sky by tall
buildings
a long, thin shape with a sharp point at one
end
a tall, pointed tower on the top of a building
such as a church

start out as

phrasal
verb

C1

to begin your life, or the part of your life when He started out as a poet but became a
you work, in a particular way
famous for his short stories.

Unit 04

statue

noun

B1

a model that looks like a person or animal,

usually made from stone or metal

It's a bronze statue, erected in honour of

Saigo Takamori.

Unit 04

steel

noun

B2

the steel industry

Unit 04

straw

noun

C1

a straw hat

Unit 04

structure

noun

C2

a building or something that has been built

the tallest structure in Paris

Unit 04

success

noun

B1

something that has a good result or that is

very popular

summit

noun

C1

(the) taxman

noun

technique

noun

the Millennium

phrase

theme

noun

B2

throughout

adverb

B2

tourist

noun

A2

tower

noun

B1

traditional

adjective

B1

B1

a very strong metal made from iron, used for

making knives, machines, etc
the long, dried stems of plants such as wheat
(=plant for grain), often given to animals for
sleeping on and eating

If the film is a big success, the director will

get most of the credit.
The climbers hope to reach the summit
the top of a mountain
before nightfall.
the government department that is
Too much of what we earn goes to the
responsible for collecting taxes
taxman.
One of her techniques was to repeat a single
a particular or special way of doing something
line of a songs lyrics.
the change from the year 1999 to 2000 in the
Where did you celebrate the Millennium?
Western calendar
The theme of loss runs through most of his
the subject of a book, film, speech, etc
novels.

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during the whole of a period of time

He yawned throughout the performance.

Unit 04

someone who visits a place for pleasure and

does not live there
a very tall, narrow building, or part of a
building

The Eiffel Tower quickly became a tourist

attraction.

Unit 04

a church tower

Unit 04

Its well worth staying at a ryokan, a

traditional inn.

Unit 04

following the customs or ways of behaving

that have continued in a group of people or
society for a long time

traditionally

adverb

B2

translate

verb

B1

tray

noun

B2

try out
something

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

turn out

B2
B2

to change written or spoken words from one

language to another
a flat object with higher edges, used for
carrying food and drinks
to use something to discover if it works or if
you like it
to happen in a particular way, or to have a
particular result
relating to everyone in the world, or to
everyone in a particular group
to remove the cover from an object as part of
an official ceremony

Traditionally, its a celebration for an entire

community.
We were asked to translate a list of
sentences.

Unit 04
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She came back carrying a tray of drinks.

Unit 04

If you can, try out a mountain onsen theyre wonderfully refreshing.

Unit 04

Im glad things turned out the way they did.

Unit 04

Kittens and puppies have an almost

universal appeal.
The statue was unveiled at the very end of
1999.
What were you doing at the very beginning
of last year?

universal

adjective

unveil

verb

very

adjective

warm to

phrasal
verb

If you warm to an idea, you start to become

interested in or enthusiastic about it.

Nobody liked it at first but people warmed to

it after a while.

Unit 04

warm to (sth)

phrasal
verb

to start to like something

People are beginning to warm to the idea.

Unit 04

warrior

noun

a person who has experience and skill in

fighting in a war, especially in the past

Greek warriors

Unit 04

a tower built especially around the edges of

prisons and army camps, the top of which
provides a good position from which to see
anyone who is coming close

There were watchtowers all around the

prison.

Unit 04

If something is well worth doing, you should

do it because it is very enjoyable or very
useful.

Its well worth staying at a ryokan, a

traditional inn.

Unit 04

having a large supply of things for use or sale

Dont miss the well-stocked Hakuhinkan toy

store in Tokyo.

Unit 04

watchtower

noun

well worth

phrase

well-stocked

adjective

B2

according to tradition; in a traditional way

C2

C1

B1

used to emphasize a noun

Unit 04
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win

verb

wingspan

noun

work

noun

Zen

noun

A2

B2

absent-mindedly adverb
B2

to get the most points in a competition or

game, or the most votes in an election

The movie won an Oscar for Best Foreign

Film in 1967.

the distance between the ends of the wings of

The eagle has an enormous wingspan.
a bird, insect or aircraft
One of his most famous works is a story
a painting, book, piece of music, etc
written in a single sentence.

Unit 04

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a religion that developed from Buddhism

a Zen rock garden

Unit 04

as though you are thinking about something

else
a slight change that you make to something so
that it works better, fits better, or is more
suitable
relating to beauty and the way something
looks
to have the same opinion as someone
used to do many different things

He was playing absent-mindedly with his

pen.

Unit 05

We've made a few adjustments to the

schedule.

Unit 05

the aesthetic appeal of cats

Unit 05

Are we all agreed on that?

an all-purpose tool

Unit 05

adjustment

noun

aesthetic

adjective

agree
all-purpose

verb
adjective

A2

anxiety

noun

B2

the feeling of being very worried

That explains his anxiety about her health.

Unit 05

appear to

phrasal
verb

B1

to seem to

The gentleman standing at the table appears

to be opening the family jewel-box.

Unit 05

as

conjunction

A2

because

attractive

adjective

A2

aware

adjective

B2

blond
bright

adjective
adjective

A2
B1

bureaucratic

adjective

C2

case

noun

B1

beautiful or pleasant to look at

interested in and knowing a lot about a
particular subject
with pale yellow hair
full of light or shining strongly
involving long and difficult dealings with
officials
a particular situation or example of
something

If I were you, Id go for the second as it offers

value for money.
an attractive woman
As you're aware, Im putting together the
agenda for Mondays meeting.
blond hair
It's nice and bright.
I had a lot of bureaucratic hassle trying to
get the information I needed.
But even if thats the case, I still don't think
it's right.

Unit 05

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change (verb)

verb

A1

cheerful

adjective

B2

chest

noun

C2

civil war

noun

clothing

noun

B2

consequence

noun

B2

consequent

adjective

consistent

adjective

C2

disagree

verb

B1

disastrous

adjective

C1

doorway

noun

C2

durable

adjective

dynamic

adjective

elder

to stop having or using one thing, and start

having or using another

I did ask about changing the date, but half

the sales team are on a training course.

Unit 05

bright and pleasant to look at

a strong, usually wooden, container with a lid,
used for keeping things in
a war between groups of people who live in
the same country
clothes, especially of a particular type
the result of an action or situation, especially
a bad result

It's nice and cheerful.

Unit 05

a treasure chest

Unit 05

He was killed in the civil war.

Unit 05

outdoor/protective clothing
The ship capsized, with disastrous
consequences.
the closure of the factory and the consequent
loss of 400 jobs

Unit 05

consistent effort/improvement

Unit 05

happening as a result of something

always behaving or happening in a similar,
usually positive, way

In response to RealGuys comments that

to have a different opinion from someone else
virtual worlds are a waste of time, I couldnt
about something
disagree more.
extremely bad
disastrous consequences
an entrance to a building or room through a She waited in the doorway while I ran back
door
inside.

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remaining in good condition for a long time

If something is long-lasting, it is durable.

Unit 05

B2

full of ideas, energy, and enthusiasm

I dont think they look dynamic enough for

our business.

Unit 05

adjective

B1

Your elder sister or brother is older than you. I look like my elder brother.

elegant

adjective

B2

eliminate

verb

C1

emphasise

verb

B2

environment

noun

B1

stylish or attractive in appearance or

behaviour
to remove something from something, or get
rid of something
to show that something is especially
important or needs special attention
the air, land, and water where people,
animals, and plants live

Unit 05

Id say the colours are low-key and, well,

quite elegant.

Unit 05

Lets eliminate this one.

Unit 05

This further emphasises the familys

helplessness.
Most people are concerned about the
environment.

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execute

verb

C2

to kill someone as a legal punishment

He was executed for murder.

Unit 05

favour

noun

B2

when people like something or someone

So, were all in favour of it.

Unit 05

fiddle with (sth)

phrasal
verb

to touch or move things with your fingers

because you are nervous or bored

Stop fiddling with your hair!

Unit 05

flashy

adjective

looking too bright, big, and expensive, in a

way that is intended to get attention

flashy gold jewellery

Unit 05

foreground

noun

forever

adverb

B1

frame

noun

B1

gem

noun

gentleman

noun

B2

giant

adjective

B1

go with
something

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

green

adjective

have in mind

phrase

highlight

verb

B2

honest

adjective

B1

go along with

B2

the area of a view or picture which seems

closest to you
for all time in the future
a structure that goes around the edge of
something such as a door, picture, window, or
mirror
someone or something that you like very
much and think is very special

There's a seated figure in the foreground of

the painting.
I'll love you forever.

Unit 05
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a picture frame

Unit 05

She's an absolute gem.

Unit 05

a polite word for 'man', used especially when

talking to or about a man you do not know

There's a gentleman here to see you.

Unit 05

extremely big, or much bigger than other

similar things

a giant spider

Unit 05

to agree with someone's opinion

Id go along with you there.

Unit 05

to choose to accept a particular thing

Were going with this one.

Unit 05

a green activist/campaigner

Unit 05

What exactly did you have in mind?

Unit 05

relating to nature and protecting the

environment
to be considering something, intending to do
something
to emphasize something or make people
notice something
sincere and telling the truth

His blonde hair and blue suit highlight his

innocence.
If you want my honest opinion, I think your
hair looks awful.

Unit 05
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imaginary

adjective

C1

imagine

verb

B1

imply

verb

C2

in favour

phrase

B2

innovative

adjective

C1

inspire

verb

B2

joke

verb

B1

like

preposition

A2

long-lasting

adjective

C2

low-key

adjective

not real but imagined in your mind

to create an idea or picture of something in
your mind
to suggest or show something, without saying
it directly
If you are in favour of a plan or an idea, you
agree with it or approve of it.

The story takes place in an imaginary world.

Unit 05

I can imagine it in the kitchen.

Unit 05

to make someone feel that they want to do

something and can do it
to say funny things, or not be serious
similar to or in the same way as someone or
something

This implies that he has some sympathy for

their situation.
Most people are in favour of reducing traffic
in cities.
an innovative approach to programme
making
A drama teacher at school had inspired Sam
to become an actor.
Are you joking?
Nowadays the mine at Wieliczka is like a
huge underground city.

continuing for a long period of time

If something is long-lasting, it is durable.

Unit 05

not attracting attention

Id say the colours are low-key and, well,

quite elegant.

Unit 05

to cause something to seem a particular way

Itd make the room feel a lot bigger .

Unit 05

to produce something, usually in large

numbers in a factory
to briefly speak or write about something or
someone
extremely small
new or different from anything else
no longer included
a small piece of metal used to hold several
pieces of paper together

Local industries manufacture plastic

products, boats, and clothing.
Earlier I mentioned how folding machine
folds the paper.
a miniature camera
a novel idea/approach
These two are out.
I fastened the sheets with a paperclip.

Unit 05

using new methods or ideas

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make something
phrase
feel (+ adj)

B1

manufacture

verb

B2

mention

verb

B1

miniature
novel
out

adjective
adjective
adverb

C2
C2

paperclip

noun

perfectly

adverb

B2

used to emphasise the word that follows

To be perfectly honest, I don't really care.

Unit 05

point

noun

B2

an opinion, idea, or fact which someone says

or writes

I take your point but I have to disagree with

you there.

Unit 05

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a game played with cards in which people try

They played poker all evening.
to win money from each other

Unit 05

C2

If a book or film portrays someone or

something, it describes or shows them.

Yeames portrays the Parliamentarian

soldiers with some sensitivity.

Unit 05

adjective

C2

famous

The Lake District is renowned for its beauty.

Unit 05

resistance

noun

C2

a symbol of national resistance

Unit 05

right

adjective

A1

Unit 05

see

verb

B2

seem

verb

B1

Maybe youre right about that.

I can see the Sahara turning into a vast solar
power station.
The guard with the sobbing young girl seems
to be comforting her.

shade

noun

B2

a pale/dark shade of grey

Unit 05

size
sob
straightforward
striking

noun
verb
adjective
adjective

A2
B2
B2
B2

a colour, especially when referring to how

dark or light it is
how big or small something is
to cry in a noisy way
easy to do or understand
very attractive

It's a good size.

She started sobbing.
The task looked fairly straightforward.
The colours are very striking.

Unit 05

style

noun

B1

a way of designing hair, clothes, furniture, etc Im not so sure about the style.

such as

phrase

A2

for example

suggest

verb

B1

suit
sunlight
sure

verb
noun
adjective

B2
B2
A2

symbol

noun

B2

sympathy

noun

B2

poker

noun

portray

verb

renowned

when someone fights against someone who is

attacking them
correct or true
to imagine or think about something or
someone in a particular way
to give the effect of being; to be judged to be

to say that someone or something is suitable

for something
to make someone look more attractive
the light from the sun
certain
a sign or object that is used to represent
something

She performed in cities such as Damascus

and Baghdad.
I suggest you take steps to ensure that such
an incident doesnt happen again.
It wouldnt suit our living room.
Sunlight broke through the clouds.
I'm not so sure about the style.
A heart shape is the symbol of love.

I have no sympathy for people who say they

when you show that you understand and care
can't find work but are really just too lazy to
about someone's problems
look.

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thought

noun

B1

an idea or opinion

What are your thoughts on the new design?

Unit 05

tool

noun

B2

a piece of equipment that you use with your

hands in order to help you do something

I have a special tool for shaping the wood.

Unit 05

toothpick

noun

a small, thin stick that you use to remove

pieces of food from between your teeth

He used the stick as a toothpick.

Unit 05

triumph

noun

ubiquitous

adjective

seeming to be in all places

Barcelona's 2-0 triumph over Manchester

United
the ubiquitous security cameras

unobtrusive

adjective

not attracting attention

Unobtrusive and low-key are synonyms.

Unit 05

utter

adjective

C2

used to emphasise something

She dismissed the article as utter nonsense.

Unit 05

virtue

noun

C2

a good quality that someone has

Unit 05

visible

adjective

B2

able to be seen

weak

adjective

B2

work

verb

B1

difficult to see or hear

If something works, it is effective and
successful.

Patience is not among his virtues.

Through a doorway, more soldiers are
visible
The colours are a bit weak.
Homeopathy works for me.

Unit 05

abruptly

adverb

C2

suddenly and unexpectedly

Our conversation was abruptly terminated.

Unit 06

accuse

verb

B2

to say that someone has done something bad

She has been accused of using his password

to delete information.

Unit 06

accuse

verb

B2

to say that someone has done something bad

He was falsely accused of murder.

Unit 06

admit

verb

B1

He admitted that he didnt want a job.

Unit 06

advertising

noun

B2

an advertising agency

Unit 06

all in all

phrase

B2

considering everything

alternative

adjective

B2

different from something else but able to be

used instead of it

C1

an important success, achievement, or victory

to agree that you did something bad, or that

something bad is true
the business of trying to persuade people to
buy products or services

All in all, you have to admit thats not a bad

result!
We can make alternative arrangements if
necessary.

Unit 05
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Unit 06
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amid

preposition

C1

while something else is happening

anonymous

adjective

C2

arrest

verb

B1

not giving a name

If the police arrest someone, they take them
away to ask them about a crime which they
might have committed.

as long as

phrase

B1

astonished
at the end of the
day

adjective

B2

idiom

used when you are talking about something

that must happen before something else can
happen
very surprised
something that you say before you give the
most important fact of a situation
to get into a building, car or container using
force, usually to steal something

Security was increased amid fears of further

terrorist attacks.
an anonymous phone call

Unit 06
Unit 06

She was arrested for hacking into his

computer.

Unit 06

Theres a chance the ISPs will take action as

long as they can all agree to act together.

Unit 06

I was astonished to hear what he said.

At the end of the day, you have to admit
thats not a bad result!

Unit 06

She broke into someone's locker.

Unit 06

Unit 06

break into

phrasal
verb

B1

claim

verb

B2

to say that something is true, although you

have not proved it

Other sources claim that he was following

the route of an earlier explorer.

Unit 06

common

adjective

B1

happening often or existing in large numbers

Its increasingly common for people to call

you first.

Unit 06

community
service

phrase

Two teenagers were sentenced to 360 hours

of community service.

Unit 06

concerned

adjective

B2

Thats it as far as lifestyle is concerned.

Unit 06

connect

verb

B1

to join two things or places together

consider

verb

B1

to think carefully about a decision or

something you might do

crime

noun

B1

something someone does that is illegal

cut

verb

B2

to remove part of a film or piece of writing

I think we should cut the About Us page.

Unit 06

daydream

verb

C1

to have pleasant thoughts about something

you would like to happen

I was staring out of the window,

daydreaming.

Unit 06

work that someone who has committed a

crime does to help other people instead of
going to prison
if we are discussing or thinking about a
particular thing

I think we should connect that page to

Portraits.
Yes, I think that solution is worth
considering.
Deleting online characters may not be a
crime, but breaking into someones computer
certainly is.

Unit 06
Unit 06

Unit 06

to imagine something that you would like to

happen
to decide to stop including someone or
something

If my uncle sent me a gift, I wouldnt dream

of phoning him.

Unit 06

I think we should drop the About Us page.

Unit 06

C2

to take part in something

The two sides have agreed to engage in talks.

Unit 06

conjunction

B2

used to emphasize that a particular situation

would not change what you have just said

Even if you stopped file sharing completely,

it wouldnt lead to a big increase in sales.

Unit 06

expected

adjective

B2

Youre expected to respond pretty quickly.

Unit 06

face-to-face

adjective

B1

A face-to-face meeting.

Unit 06

dream

verb

B1

drop

verb

B2

engage in (sth)

phrasal
verb

even if

directly, meeting someone in the same place

the activity of putting a file onto a special

place on your computer so that many other
There's nothing wrong with file sharing.
people can copy it, look at it, or use it by using
the Internet

Unit 06

an amount of money that you must pay for

breaking a law or rule

Unit 06

file sharing

noun

fine

noun

first thing

phrase

at the earliest time in the day

flesh-and-blood

adjective

involving a real person who is present

gamer

noun

someone who plays games, especially

computer games

online gamers

Unit 06

go ahead

phrasal
verb

to start to do something

Shall I start the lesson?' 'Yes, go ahead.'

Unit 06

hack

verb

Two British youths were caught hacking into

government computers.

Unit 06

historically

adverb

Historically, this was a mill town.

Unit 06

homepage

noun

I've set Facebook to be my homepage.

Unit 06

B1

B2

C1

to use a computer to illegally get into

someone else's computer system and read the
information that is kept there
in a way that is connected to history
the first page that you see when you look at a
website on the Internet

It carries a maximum sentence of five years

in prison prison or a fine of 3,200.
He said he'd phone back first thing
tomorrow.
She was arrested for a virtual crime, rather
than a flesh-and-blood murder.

Unit 06
Unit 06

If you receive a job offer, its really

important that you get it in writing.
In response to RealGuys comments that
virtual worlds are a waste of time, I couldnt
disagree more.
At school, teachers say he interacted well
with other students.

important

adjective

A1

valuable, useful, or necessary

in response to

phrase

B2

as a reaction to

interact

verb

B2

to talk and do things with other people

link

verb

B2

long-term
low-quality

adjective
adjective

B2
B1

maximum

adjective

B1

The maximum amount of something is the

largest amount that is allowed or possible.

measure

noun

B2

a way of achieving something or dealing with This arrangement is only a temporary

a situation
measure.

Unit 06

middle-aged

adjective

B1

in the middle of your life before you are old

A middle-aged piano teacher.

Unit 06

move

verb

A2

movie

noun

A1

to change place or position, or to make

something change place or position
a film

on the other
hand

phrase

B2

used for introducing an opposite opinion or

way of thinking about something

Its better to move all that information to the

homepage.
Casablanca' is my favourite movie.
On the other hand, you have people who say
that even if it is illegal, it doesn't hurt the
music industry.

other side

phrase

B2

the opposite way of considering a situation

otherwise

conjunction

B1

password

noun

B1

place

verb

B2

portrait

noun

B2

to make a connection between two or more

people, things, or ideas
continuing a long time into the future
of a poor standard

Unit 06

Unit 06

Unit 06

I think we should link that page to Portraits.

Unit 06

A long-term commitment.
A low-quality science fiction movie.

Unit 06

the maximum temperature/speed

Unit 06

Unit 06

Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06

I'd like to present the other side of the story.

Unit 06

They should send her to prison, otherwise,

everyonell start doing this.

Unit 06

Key in your password.

Unit 06

to put something in a particular position

My idea is to place another page here.

Unit 06

a painting, drawing, or photograph of

someone

a portrait of the princess

Unit 06

used when saying what will happen if

someone does not obey an order or do what
has been suggested
a secret word that allows you to do
something, such as use your computer

The purpose of this proposal is to present

some suggestions.

present

verb

B2

to give people information in a formal way

pressure

noun

B2

when someone tries to make someone else do They are under pressure from the music
something by arguing, persuading, etc.
industry.

Unit 06

prison

noun

B1

a place where criminals are kept as a

punishment

Unit 06

proper

adjective

B1

socially acceptable

propose

verb

B2

to suggest a plan or action

punishment

noun

B2

when someone is punished

Is community service a useful punishment?

Unit 06

real-world

noun

the set of situations most humans have to

deal with in their lives, rather than what
happens in stories, films, etc

People may seek real-world justice for people

who harm them virtually.

Unit 06

reportedly

adverb

C2

Two students were reportedly killed and

several wounded.

Unit 06

rival

noun

C2

business/political rivals

Unit 06

role-playing

adjective

a role-playing game

Unit 06

seek

verb

B2

to seek advice/a solution

Unit 06

sentence

noun

B2

a punishment that a judge gives to someone

who has committed a crime

It carries a maximum sentence of five years

in prison prison or a fine of 3,200.

Unit 06

sentence

verb

B2

to give a punishment to someone who has

committed a crime

He was sentenced to five years in prison.

Unit 06

shift

verb

C1

to move something to another place

Its better to shift all that information to the

homepage.

Unit 06

sour

adjective

very unfriendly or unpleasant

Their relationship suddenly turned sour.

Unit 06

If something has reportedly happened or is

reportedly a fact, people say it has happened
or is true.
someone or something that is competing with
another person or thing
involving an activity in which people pretend
to be other people
to try to find or get something

He's spent most of his life in prison.

Writing a letter is considered the proper
thing to do.
I propose that we delay our decision until we
have more information.

Unit 06

Unit 06
Unit 06

status

noun

C1

stick

verb

story

noun

A2

sum up

phrasal
verb

suspect

the position that you have in relation to other

The pay and status of nurses has improved.
people because of your job or social position

Unit 06

put (informal)
an explanation of why something happened,
which may not be true

My idea is to stick another page here.

Unit 06

I'd like to present the other side of the story.

Unit 06

B2

to describe briefly the important facts or

characteristics of something or someone

The purpose of a conclusion is to sum up the

main points of an essay.

Unit 06

verb

B2

to think that someone may have committed a Although the woman committed a crime, she
crime or done something bad
isn't suspected of murder.

Unit 06

suspect

verb

B2

to think that someone may have committed a

He was suspected of drug dealing.
crime or done something bad

Unit 06

swap

verb

C1

to exchange one thing for another

switch

verb

B2

to exchange one thing for another

take action

phrase

B2

to do something to deal with a situation

taxpayer

noun

C2

a person who pays tax

terminate

verb

If you terminate something, you make it end. His contract has been terminated.

that way

phrase

as a result of doing that

under

preposition

unheard of

adjective

unless

conjunction

B2

B1

according to a rule, law, etc

I think we should swap Landscapes and

Weddings.
I think we should switch Landscapes and
Weddings.
We must take action before the situation gets
worse.
This is a waste of taxpayers' money.

That way, shell be paying something back to

society.
These virtual goods are goods under Dutch
law, so this is theft.

Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06
Unit 06

never having happened before

Its unheard of to reply to a job offer by text.

Unit 06

except if

Unless that happens, theyll just be afraid of

losing customers to their rivals.

Unit 06

virtual

adjective

B2

using computer images and sounds that make Do you think people should be punished for
you think an imagined situation is real
virtual crimes?

Unit 06

virtual reality

noun

B2

when a computer produces images and

sounds that make you feel an imagined
situation is real

virtual reality games

Unit 06

virtually

adverb

B2

in a way that uses computer images and

sounds that make you think an imagined
situation is real

All these things can be experienced virtually.

Unit 06

worldwide

adverb

B2

in all parts of the world

10 million copies have been sold worldwide.

Unit 06

accusation

noun

C1

when you say that someone has done

something bad

alternatively

adverb

B2

amuse

verb

B2

answer

noun

B1

a solution to a problem

At what time of day do you find it easiest to

find out answers to problems?

Unit 07

anticipate

verb

C1

to expect something, or to prepare for

something before it happens

to anticipate a problem

Unit 07

approach

noun

B2

a way of doing something

A different approach would be to inform the

head of the lab.

Unit 07

ask

verb

A1

to say something to someone as a question

which you want them to answer

If you dont mind me asking, whats the big

hurry?

Unit 07

atom

noun

B2

an oxygen atom

Unit 07

awake

verb

He awoke at dawn.

Unit 07

benzene

noun

He was trying to work out the chemical

structure of benzene.

Unit 07

chemical

adjective

a chemical reaction

Unit 07

B2

He made a number of accusations against

his former colleagues.
Alternatively, he could hide somewhere and
used to give a second possibility
wait.
to keep someone interested and help them to I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I
have an enjoyable time
was on the train.

the smallest unit that an element can be

divided into
to wake up
a colourless liquid made from petroleum,
from which plastics and many chemical
products can be made
relating to chemistry or chemicals

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

close down

phrasal
verb

B2

If a business or organisation closes down, it

stops operating.

My brother's company recently closed down.

Unit 07

come

verb

B1

to have or achieve a particular position in a

race, competition, list, etc.

Former justice minister Laurence Taylor

came second with 31% of the vote.

Unit 07

come across

phrasal
verb

C1

to seem to be a particular type of person

Enrico comes across as very serious at

first,but actually hes got a lovely sense of
humour.

Unit 07

come across
something

phrasal
verb

B2

to find something by chance

We were walking through the woods when

we came across a strange little house.

Unit 07

come along

phrasal
verb

C2

to start to exist

Discussions are coming along slowly as

there are a few problems with the draft
contract

Unit 07

come as

phrasal
verb

If an event or decision comes as a shock,

disappointment or relief, etc., it causes those
feelings.

The results have come as a shock to the

ruling party.

Unit 07

come in

phrasal
verb

to become involved in a situation, story or

plan

Our wonderful recipes will come in useful for

parties or quiet dinners for two.

Unit 07

come out

phrasal
verb

B1

If a book, record, film, etc comes out, it

becomes available for people to buy or see.

The first of Hrabals collected writings came

out in 1991.

Unit 07

A2

to visit someone at their house

come round
come to
come to
someone
come up
come up with

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

B2

C1
B2

Would you like to come round for dinner this

weekend?
to be a particular total when numbers or
What would you do if a restaurant bill came
amounts are added together
to a lot less than you expected?
If a thought or idea comes to you, you
The image of the famous monster came to
suddenly start to think about it.
the author in her sleep.
If a problem or difficult situation comes up, it Im going to be late again tonight happens.
somethings come up at work.
The purpose of mediation is to allow the
to suggest or think of an idea or plan
participants to come up with solutions for
themselves.

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

Unit 07

complicated

adjective

B1

composition

noun

C2

cottage

noun

B1

decide

verb

A2

delicate

adjective

C1

difficult

adjective

A1

distract

verb

B2

draft

noun

B2

equality

noun

B2

equation

noun

C1

feasible

adjective

figure out

involving a lot of different parts, in a way that

It's kind of complicated.
is difficult to understand
There is a story connected to the poem's
the process of writing something
composition.
a small house, usually in the countryside

They have a cottage in France.

to choose something after thinking about

several possibilities
needing to be dealt with very carefully
not easy and needing skill or effort to do or
understand
to make someone stop giving their attention
to something
a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in
its finished form
when everyone is equal and has the same
opportunities, rights, etc
when you show that two amounts are equal
using mathematical symbols

What we decided to do was include English

summaries.
Its a bit delicate.

C1

phrasal
verb

find
find out

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

Its a difficult situation.

Unit 07

Stop distracting me - I'm trying to finish my

essay.

Unit 07

He made several changes to the first draft.

Unit 07

racial/sexual equality

Unit 07

It's a simple equation.

Unit 07

possible to do

Yes, I think that solution is quite feasible.

Unit 07

B2

to finally understand or find the solution to

something, after thinking for a while

I couldnt figure out what to do.

Unit 07

verb

B1

to think or feel a particular way about

someone or something

I've always found that rights and

responsibilities go hand in hand.

Unit 07

phrasal
verb

A2

to discover something or someone that you

have been searching for

At what time of day do you find it easiest to

find out answers to problems?

Unit 07

foreign-language broadcasts

Unit 07

Fundamentally, nothing has changed.

Unit 07

Mary got the idea for Frankenstein from a

dream.

Unit 07

foreign-language adjective
fundamentally

adverb

get an idea from

something

phrase

C2

written or spoken in a language that is not

your own
in a basic and important way
to develop a thought about something that
you want to do as a result of something else

ghost

noun

B1

the spirit of a dead person which appears to

people who are alive

give up on

phrasal
verb

B2

to stop doing something before it is finished

It was so frustrating that I just gave up on it.
because it is too difficult or it is not successful

goddess

noun

halfway

adverb

haunt

verb

B2

idea

noun

A2

ignore

verb

B2

imagery

noun

the use of words or pictures in books, films,

paintings, etc to describe ideas or situations

inactive

adjective

not active or working

innocent

adjective

B2

inspiration

noun

B2

inspire

verb

B2

install

verb

B1

insult

verb

B2

kneel

verb

B2

meditate

verb

a female spirit that people pray to and who

they believe has control over parts of the
world or nature
in the middle of a period of time
If a ghost or other creature haunts a place, it
appears there often.
an understanding, thought, or picture in your
mind

Do you believe in ghosts?

Unit 07

Unit 07

the ancient goddess of hunting

Unit 07

the halfway point

Unit 07

A murdered knight haunts the castle.

Unit 07

A dream could give you the idea for a great

work of art.
You can't ignore it, the problem won't go
to pay no attention to something or someone
away.
The poem is famous for its beautiful
imagery.

Beetle grubs stay inactive underground until

spring.
not guilty of committing a crime
He claims to be innocent of the crime.
Scientists and engineers get a lot of
a sudden good idea about what you should do
inspiration from dreams.
to give someone an idea for a book, play,
Srinivasa Ramanujan was inspired by
painting, etc
dreams.
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and
The school has installed a burglar alarm.
make it ready to use
to say or do something to someone that is
How dare you insult me in front of my
rude and offensive
friends!

Unit 07
Unit 07

Unit 07

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

to go down into or stay in a position where

one or both of your knees are on the ground

She knelt down beside the child.

Unit 07

to think calm thoughts for a long period in

order to relax or as a religious activity

I meditate twice a day.

Unit 07

a piece of scientific equipment which uses

lenses (=pieces of curved glass) to make very
small objects look bigger

We looked at the cells under the microscope.

Unit 07

to be annoyed or worried by something

If you dont mind me asking, whats the big

hurry?

Unit 07

a finance/health minister

Unit 07

a hydrogen molecule

Unit 07

I spent a long time mulling it over.

Unit 07

an unsolved mystery

Unit 07

microscope

noun

mind

verb

A2

minister

noun

B2

molecule

noun

mull over

phrasal
verb

mystery

noun

B1

none of my
business

idiom

B2

nosy

adjective

C2

null

adjective

original

adjective

B1

personal

adjective

B1

relating to the private parts of someone's life,

It's just a personal thing.
including their relationships and feelings

Unit 07

phenomenon

noun

C1

something that exists or happens, usually

something unusual

storms, lightning, and other natural

phenomena

Unit 07

poll

noun

when people are asked questions to discover

what they think about a subject

A recent poll indicated that 77 percent of

Americans supported the president.

Unit 07

practical

adjective

C1

Thats not really practical.

Unit 07

progress

verb

B2

Technology has progressed rapidly in the

last 100 years.

Unit 07

a politician who is responsible for a

government department or has an important
position in it
the smallest unit of a substance, consisting of
one or more atoms
to think carefully about something for a long
time
something strange or unknown that cannot
be explained or understood

If something is none of someone's business,

Maybe its none of my business but what's
they do not need to know about it, although
the problem?
they want to, because it does not affect them.
always trying to find out private things about
other people
having no substance or value
special and interesting because of not being
the same as others

suitable or useful for a situation which may

involve some difficulty
to improve or develop in skills, knowledge,
etc

I dont want to be nosy but do you know

whats going on?
Their readership was null.
Where do you come up with your best or
most original ideas?

Unit 07

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

Prospective buyers, employers, parents, etc.,

are not yet buyers, employers, parents, etc.,
but are expected to be in the future.

We interview all the prospective candidates.

Unit 07

to try to discover private things about people

I don't mean to pry but is something wrong?

Unit 07

to decide or arrange to delay an event or

activity until a later time

I know I should see a dentist but I keep

putting it off.

Unit 07

the number and type of people who read a

particular newspaper, magazine, etc

These magazines have a very young

readership.

Unit 07

B1

to understand a situation, sometimes

suddenly

Kekul realised that benzene molecules have

the shape of a ring.

Unit 07

verb

B2

to refuse to accept or agree with something

Why do they reject the other ideas?

Unit 07

revise

verb

B2

a revised edition of the book

Unit 07

slack

noun

We need a little slack in the schedule.

Unit 07

solution

noun

B1

to change something so that it is more

accurate
a period of time when someone is not very
busy
the answer to a problem

Unit 07

solve

verb

B1

to find the answer to something

specifically

adverb

C1

for a particular reason, purpose, etc

I came up with a brilliant solution.

Would you say your work or home life
involves solving lots of problems?
It was a magazine specifically about
languages.

stormy

adjective

B2

(the)
supernatural

noun

B2

swan

noun

B2

tackle

verb

B2

to try to deal with a problem

Do you prefer to concentrate on one problem

at a time or tackle several at once?

Unit 07

tale

noun

B2

a story, especially one which is not true or is

difficult to believe

My grandfather used to tell us tales of his

time as a pilot during the war.

Unit 07

prospective

adjective

pry

verb

put off

phrasal
verb

readership

noun

realise

verb

reject

C1

B1

If it is stormy, the weather is bad with a lot of

a stormy night
wind and rain.
things that cannot be explained by our
She's very interested in the supernatural.
knowledge of science or nature
a large, white bird with a long neck which
a swan's nest
lives on lakes and rivers

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

to say things to someone

a feeling of being very frightened
someone who steals things
used after saying a fact to introduce what
then happened as a result
difficult to deal with or do
a large container that you fill with water and
sit in to wash
to turn part of your body to face a different
direction
to disappear suddenly

I cant really talk about it right now.

There was a look of terror on his face.
a car thief
The guard fell asleep, thus allowing Bates to
escape.
That would be tricky.

Unit 07

I always sing in the tub.

Unit 07

talk
terror
thief

verb
noun
noun

A1
B2
B1

thus

adverb

B2

tricky

adjective

B2

tub

noun

twist

verb

C2

vanish

verb

B2

work out

phrasal
verb

B2

worth (+ ing)

phrase

B1

a good thing

phrase

B2

absorb

verb

C1

accent

noun

B1

admin

noun

advance

adjective

alarm clock

noun

A2

apology

noun

B1

something you say or write to say that you are I would like to receive a formal apology from
sorry about something you have done
the directors of the hotel.

appalled

adjective

C2

extremely shocked or upset

to understand something or to find the

answer to something by thinking about it
how important or useful someone or
something is
If it's a good thing that something happened,
it is lucky that it happened.
to understand and remember facts that you
read or hear

She twisted her head so she could see what

was happening.
The sun vanished behind the trees.

Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07
Unit 07

Unit 07
Unit 07

Wait there while I work out what to do.

Unit 07

It might be worth speaking to the two

workers privately.

Unit 07

Its a good thing I didnt send that email.

Unit 08

It's hard to absorb so much information.

Unit 08

the way in which someone pronounces words,

influenced by the country or area they come an American accent
from, or their social class

Unit 08

the work of organising and arranging the

operation of something such as a business

He works in the admin department.

Unit 08

advance planning/warning

Unit 08

My alarm clock went off at six.

Unit 08

happening or ready before an event

a clock that you can set to wake you up at a
particular time with a loud noise

I was appalled by his words and refused to

pay.

Unit 08

Unit 08

asleep

adjective

B1

sleeping or not awake

I fell asleep I started to sleep as soon as my

head hit the pillow.

Unit 08

assurance

noun

C1

a promise

I would like to receive an assurance that the

employee has been disciplined.

Unit 08

bilingual

adjective

C1

Unit 08

black and blue

idiom

cant

modal verb

B1

using or able to speak two languages

a bilingual dictionary
with dark marks on your skin caused by being I feel and hurt my knee. It was black and
hit or having an accident
blue for ages.
It cant have been because I paid. He knew I
cannot
was going to.

cheek

noun

B1

the soft part of your face below your eye

Tears ran down his cheeks.

Unit 08

clean and tidy

phrase

A2

with nothing dirty and everything ordered

and in the right place

Wow! The kitchens so clean and tidy. Nice

work!

Unit 08

clerk

noun

someone who works in an office or bank,

a bank clerk
keeping records and doing general office work

Unit 08

colloquially

adverb

in an informal situation

Unit 08

common
language

phrase

B1

a language that everyone in two or more

groups speaks

complaint

noun

B1

when someone says that something is wrong

or not satisfactory

complimentary

adjective

C2

given free, especially by a business

Id like to make a complaint about the

extremely rude and unprofessional
behaviour of one of your staff.
a complimentary glass of wine

confidence

noun

B2

trusting someone's ability or believing that

something will produce good results

I hope that you will be able to restore my

confidence in your hotel.

Unit 08

conservative

adjective

C1

not trusting sudden changes or new ideas

Older people tend to be very conservative.

Unit 08

could

modal verb

B2

couldnt

modal verb

B2

dead or alive

phrase

used to express possibility, especially slight or

uncertain possibility
used to express possibility, especially slight or
uncertain possibility
whether now living or not

The waiter could have made a mistake in the

bill.
He couldn't have felt unhappy with the meal.
He really enjoyed it.
We really need to find it. Dead or alive.

This is the language we use colloquially.

Unit 08
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decent

adjective

B2

of a satisfactory quality or level

delighted

adjective

B1

very pleased

dialect

noun

C2

a form of a language that people speak in a

particular part of a country

dissatisfaction

noun

B2

when you are not pleased or happy with

something

embarrass

verb

C2

ensure

verb

B2

expect

verb

B1

express

verb

B2

fascinated

adjective

B2

first language

noun

A1

for one reason or

phrase
another

He earns a decent salary.

They were really delighted with the
restaurant I chose.
There are many different languages in India
and there are even more dialects.

Im writing to express my dissatisfaction

with your staff.
My dad's always embarrassing me in front
to make someone feel ashamed or shy
of my friends.
I strongly recommend you take steps to
to make certain that something is done or
ensure that such an incident doesnt happen
happens
again.
to think that something will happen
I expect to receive a formal apology
to show what you think or how you feel using Wed like to express our gratitude for the
words or actions
efforts you made.
I was really fascinated by all the cultural
extremely interested
differences I noticed

Unit 08
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the language that someone learns to speak

first

Madeleine's first language is French, but she

also knows English and German.

Unit 08

used for saying that there are a number of

reasons for something but that you are not
going to explain them now

It just never happened for one reason or

another.

Unit 08

formal

adjective

B2

public or official

I would like to receive a formal apology from

the directors of the hotel.

Unit 08

glad

adjective

A2

happy about something

Im glad things turned out the way they did.

Unit 08

grandchild

noun

A2

the child of your son or daughter

My grandchildren came to stay with me.

Unit 08

here and there

phrase

B2

Neil took us here and there sightseeing.

Unit 08

homesick

adjective

I felt homesick when I went to university.

Unit 08

in several different places but without any

pattern
feeling sad because you are away from your
home

I hope that you will be able to restore my

confidence in your hotel.
When she saw me, she ran over and hugged
me and kissed me on both cheeks. I felt
absolutely horrified.

hope

verb

A2

to want something to happen or be true

horrified

adjective

C2

very shocked

host

noun

B2

humiliated

adjective

C2

if only

phrase

B1

in and out

phrase

incident

noun

B2

inform

verb

B1

to tell someone about something

insist on

phrasal
verb

B1

to demand something forcefully

intrigue

verb

C2

isolated

adjective

C1

keep up with (sb)

phrasal
verb

B2

language

noun

A1

communication between people, usually

using words

There are many different languages in India

and there are even more dialects.

Unit 08

linguistic

adjective

C1

relating to language or linguistics

There is huge linguistic variety in India.

Unit 08

may

modal verb

B2

used to talk about what is possibly true or will He may have felt a bit ill after eating too
possibly happen
much.

Unit 08

someone who invites people to a meal or a

party, or to stay in their home
describes someone who has been made to feel
ashamed or stupid
used when you want to say how doing
something simple would make it possible to
avoid something unpleasant
into and out of a place

Unit 08

Unit 08

He is a wonderful host.

Unit 08

The waiter looked humiliated when he saw

the size of the tip they gave him.

Unit 08

If only Id asked for some advice.

Unit 08

People were wandering in and out.

I suggest you take steps to ensure that such
an event, especially one that is bad or unusual
an incident doesnt happen again.
We regret to inform you that we are unable
to offer you a position at this time.
I regret I didnt insist on seeing a director at
the time.
I was really intrigued by all the cultural
differences I noticed

If someone or something intrigues you, they

interest you very much.
alone and not having help or support from
I just felt so isolated.
other people
to move at the same speed as someone or
something that is moving forward so that you I couldn't keep up with him.
stay level with them

Unit 08
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may well

phrase

B2

If you say that something may well happen,

you mean that it is likely to happen

She may well have forgotten what I looked

like.

Unit 08

might have

modal verb

B2

used to talk about what was possibly true

He might have been a bit angry. Its hard to

say.

Unit 08

mince your
words

phrase

If you do not mince your words, you say what

Rob was not a man to mince his words.
you mean directly, even if this upsets people.

Unit 08

monolingual

adjective

using only one language

Unit 08

more or less

phrase

mortified

adjective

mother tongue

noun

mother tongue

B2

almost
very embarrassed

monolingual dictionaries
Just a minute. Ive more or less finished this
report.
When she saw me, she ran over and hugged
me and kissed me on both cheeks. I felt
absolutely mortified!

Unit 08

Unit 08

the first language that you learn when you are Their mother tongues are regional
a child
languages and are absolutely different.

Unit 08

noun

the first language you learn when you are a

baby

Unit 08

multilingual

adjective

using or speaking more than two languages

must

modal verb

mystify

verb

occur

verb

B2

odds and ends

phrase

C2

various things of different types, usually small Look! here a box of odds and ends from our
and not important or of little value
old flat.

Unit 08

official language phrase

B2

a language that has a special importance in a

country, often the language used in its courts
and parliament

Unit 08

B2

B2

My mother tongue is French.

used to show that you think something is very

I think she must have felt homesick.
likely or certain to be true
If something mystifies someone, they cannot
She must have been mystified by my cold
understand or explain it because it is
reaction.
confusing or complicated.
According to the police, the shooting
to happen, often without being planned
occurred at about 12.30 a.m.

Unit 08
Unit 08

Unit 08

Unit 08

not right or suitable for a particular situation I just felt so out of place.

Unit 08

someone who you write friendly letters to

regularly, but you have never met

Unit 08

out of place

phrase

pen friend

noun

point out

phrasal
verb

proficient

adjective

puritanical

adjective

rain or shine

idiom

reaction

noun

B2

refer to (sth)

phrasal
verb

B2

refuse

verb

B1

regional
language

phrase

B2

a language that is used only in a part of a

country

regret

verb

B2

used to say that you are sorry that you have to We regret to inform you that we are unable
tell someone about a situation
to offer you a position at this time.

Unit 08

related to (sth)

phrase

B2

connected to or similar to something

Unit 08

restore

verb

C1

to make something good exist again

rigid

adjective

C2

romance

noun

B1

second language noun

B1

not able to change or be changed easily

an exciting relationship of love between two
people, often a short one
a language that you speak that is not the first
language you learned as a child

A2

B2

B1

I have a French pen friend.

to make a person notice someone or

something, usually by telling them where they When I pointed this out, the clerk said, Dont
are or by holding up one of your fingers
cause trouble.
towards them
very good at something
She's proficient in two languages.
They are puritanical about speaking one
having very strict ways of behaving
language.
Were going rain or shine. Nothing will stop
whatever the weather is
us.
something you say, feel, or do because of
What was his reaction to the news?
something that has happened
to talk or write about someone or something,
She did not refer to the past.
especially briefly
to say that you will not do or accept
I asked him to leave but he refused.
something
Their mother tongues are regional
languages and are absolutely different.

The language is related to French.

I hope that you will be able to restore my
confidence in your hotel.
I found the rules a little too rigid.
They got married last September after a
whirlwind romance.

Unit 08

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angry and bored because something

unpleasant has been happening for too long

Im sick and tired of watching TV. Its

boring!

sick and tired

idiom

sooner or later

phrase

B2

used to say that you do not know exactly

Youll have to tell him sooner or later. Why
when something will happen, but you are sure
not now?
that it will happen

sorry

adjective

B2

used to show sympathy or sadness for a

person or situation

split up

phrasal
verb

B1

strongly

adverb

B2

take steps

phrase

to do things to achieve something

theme park

noun

a park with entertainments, such as games,

machines to ride on, restaurants, etc, that are a Disney theme park
all based on one idea

thrilled

adjective

B2

trade

verb

B2

trial and error

phrase

C2

trust

verb

B1

wander

verb

B2

a high level of

phrase

B2

If two people who have a romantic

relationship split up, they finish their
relationship.
very much or in a very serious way

very excited and pleased

to buy and sell goods or services, especially
between countries
a way of learning the best way to do
something by trying different methods
to hope and expect that something is true
to walk slowly about a place without any
purpose
If someone or something has a high level of
something, they have a large amount of that
thing.

Unit 08

Unit 08

I am sorry to say that we already have

enough volunteers and we will not be
needing any more.

Unit 08

She has just split up with her boyfriend.

Unit 08

Id strongly recommend it.

I strongly recommend you take steps to
ensure that such an incident doesnt happen
again.

Unit 08

They were really thrilled with the restaurant

I chose.
This will increase costs for companies
trading with Asia.
I taught myself to paint, learning by trial
and error.
I trust that you will be able to restore my
confidence in your hotel.

Unit 08

Unit 08

Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 08
Unit 08

They wandered aimlessly around the town.

Unit 08

A focus puller requires a high level of

expertise.

Unit 09

a high profile

phrase

accountable

adjective

C2

act as

phrasal
verb

B2

active

adjective

B2

If someone or something has a high profile,

they receive a lot of public attention.

Can you name someone from your country

with a high profile internationally?
On a film set, everybody is accountable to the
director.
I act as a representive for our members at
different events.
I play quite an active part in the
Screenwriters' Guild.
On a film set, everybody answers to the
director.
Ill be looking at four main areas.
Another machine attaches the cover to the
book block using hot glue to hold everything
together.

Unit 09

area

phrasal
verb
noun

B2

having to be responsible for what you do and

able to explain your actions
to do a particular job, especially one that you
do not normally do
very involved in an organization or planned
activity
to take orders from, obey and explain your
actions to someone
a part of a subject or activity

attach

verb

B1

to join or fix one thing to another

belong to

phrasal
verb

B1

to be a member of a group or organisation

I belong to a local charity.

Unit 09

big-budget

adjective

B2

costing a large amount of money

A DP on big-budget films will experience

many of the things a director does.

Unit 09

blame

noun

B2

when people say that someone or something

is responsible for something bad

The manager should take the blame for the

team's defeat.

Unit 09

boom

noun

a long pole that holds a microphone

Make sure the boom stays out of the shot.

Unit 09

bullet

noun

B2

a small, metal object that is fired from a gun

a bullet wound

Unit 09

bully

noun

C1

someone who intentionally frightens a person

He was such a bully.
who is smaller or weaker than them

Unit 09

calculate

verb

B2

to discover an amount or number using

mathematics

to calculate a cost/percentage

Unit 09

caramel

noun

a sweet made from sugar, milk, and butter

chocolates with a caramel centre

Unit 09

answer to

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

Celsius

noun

chalkboard

noun

clear

adjective
phrasal
verb

come back to

A2

a measurement of temperature in which

water freezes at zero degrees Celcius and boils
at 100 degrees Celcius.
a board with a dark surface that you can write
on with chalk
easy to understand or see
to talk again about something that you
mentioned earlier
a continuous moving piece of rubber or metal
used to transport objects from one place to
another

250 degrees Celsius

The name of each scene is written on a chalk
board.
Is that clear?

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09

Ill come back to that later.

Unit 09

The goods move along a conveyor belt.

Unit 09

conveyor belt

noun

cookie

noun

A2

a thin, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet

chocolate chip cookies

Unit 09

cool down

phrasal
verb

B2

to become less hot

She waited for her coffee to cool down.

Unit 09

crude

adjective

C2

a crude device/weapon

Unit 09

cut into

phrasal
verb

A2

The folding machine folds the paper and cuts

a little notch into the spine.

Unit 09

cut off

noun

B2

What should you do if you get cut off during

a phone call?

Unit 09

despite

preposition

B1

used to say that something happened or is

true, although something else makes this
seem not probable

I'm still pleased with the house despite all the

problems we've had.

Unit 09

dip

verb

B2

to put something into a liquid for a short time She dipped the brush into the paint.

Unit 09

distinctive

adjective

C1

Something that is distinctive is easy to

recognise because it is different from other
things.

a distinctive style of writing

Unit 09

divide into

phrasal
verb

B1

to separate something into different bits

Ive divided my talk into three parts.

Unit 09

dozen

noun

B1

twelve, or a group of twelve

There were about a dozen people at the

party.

Unit 09

made or done in a simple way and without

much skill
to break the surface of something with a
sharp tool
to stop people from continuing a telephone
conversation by breaking the telephone
connection

drop into

phrasal
verb

B1

to fall into something

The book finally drops into the three-knife

trimmer, which cuts the edges of the paper
off.

Unit 09

duty

noun

B1

something you must do because it is morally

or legally right

Its our duty to organise this in turn.

Unit 09

either way

phrase

B1

used for saying that the result of two different We can cut salaries or employ fewer people.
things happening would be the same
Either way, its going to be difficult.

emerge

verb

B2

Unit 09

to appear from somewhere or come out of

somewhere
to have something as the result of doing
something
used to emphasize what you are saying
skill
an amount of money that you pay to do
something, to use something, or to get a
service

The printed sections then emerge from the

press

Unit 09

You will end up with a lovely, soft mixture.

Unit 09

What exactly did you have in mind?

the technical expertise of the engineers

Unit 09

an entrance fee

Unit 09

exactly
expertise

phrasal
verb
adverb
noun

fee

noun

B1

flavour

noun

B1

the taste of a particular type of food or drink

We sell 50 different flavours of ice cream.

Unit 09

football club

noun

A2

a club for people who play football

I'm a lifelong supporter of Crystal Palace

football club.

Unit 09

formula

noun

C1

a plan or method that is used to achieve

something

There's no magic formula for success.

Unit 09

glamorous

adjective

attractive in an exciting and special way

a glamorous woman

Unit 09

glue

noun

C2

a substance used to stick things together

glue

verb

C2

to stick something to something else with

glue

Put a bit of glue on both edges and hold them

together.
Do you think you can glue this vase back
together?

go into

phrasal
verb

A2

to move towards the inside of

Large sheets of paper go into the press.

Unit 09

go out of your
way

phrase

to try very hard to do something, especially

for someone else

Everyone went out of their way to make us

feel welcome. It was lovely.

Unit 09

go over

phrasal
verb

to study or explain something

Can you go over that again?

Unit 09

end up with

B1
A2

B2

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09

an organisation of people who have the same

the Designers' Guild
job or interests
This island is formed from volcanic lava that
to become hard and stiff
has hardened into rock.
Describe a a high-pressure situation in your
involving pressure which is greater than usual
work or studies.
Another machine attaches the cover to the
to make something stay in one piece
book block using hot glue to hold everything
together.
10,000 people were made homeless by the
without a place to live
floods.
If an action or event is impossible, it cannot
an impossible task
happen or be done.

guild

noun

harden

verb

high-pressure

adjective

B2

hold together

phrasal
verb

B1

homeless

adjective

C1

impossible

adjective

B1

in charge of

phrase

B1

being the person who controls or is

responsible for someone or something

in fact

phrase

B1

used before saying the truth about something, In fact most travel writers find it hard just to
usually when it is not what you would expect make a living.

in the way

phrase

ink

noun

B1

lifelong
liquefy

adjective
verb

C2

liquid

noun

B1

literally

adverb

B2

locate

verb

B1

look at

phrasal
verb

mean

verb

The director of photography is in charge of

the camera and lighting crew.

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09

Unit 09

Unit 09

preventing someone from doing what they

want to do
a coloured liquid that you use for writing,
printing, or drawing
for all of your life
to change into a liquid form
a substance, for example water, that is not
solid and that can be poured easily
having the real or original meaning of a word
or phrase
If something is located in a particular place,
that is where it is.

Spencer wants to be the next President, but

Gomez is in the way.

Unit 09

My pen has run out of ink.

Unit 09

a lifelong friend/interest
Gases liquefy under pressure.

Unit 09

The chocolate turns back into a liquid.

Unit 09

They were responsible for literally millions

of deaths.

Unit 09

a cottage located in the countryside

Unit 09

B2

to consider a subject carefully

Ill be looking at four main areas.

Unit 09

B1

to have a particular meaning

What do you mean by special ingredient?

Unit 09

Unit 09

member

noun

A2

microphone

noun

B2

move along
move on

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

A2
C1

a person who belongs to a group or an

Im a member of the Screenwriters Guild
organization
a piece of electrical equipment for recording
or broadcasting sounds, or for making sounds You will need to use a microphone.
louder

Unit 09

Unit 09

to go forwards towards the end of something

The book moves along a conveyor belt.

Unit 09

to change from one subject to another when

you are talking or writing
a cut in the shape of the letter V on the edge
or surface of something

Lets move on to how you can get into the

business.

Unit 09

He cut a notch in the wood.

Unit 09

Its chilly, isnt it? Winters definitely on the

way.

Unit 09

Our company is operating under very

difficult conditions at present.

Unit 09

notch

noun

on the way

phrase

operate

verb

B2

operate

verb

B2

oversee

verb

overtake

verb

B2

pass through

phrasal
verb

B1

personality

noun

B2

pick up

phrasal
verb

A2

play a part in

phrase

B2

to be involved in something

pole

noun

C2

a long, thin stick made of wood or metal,

often used to hold something up

tent poles

Unit 09

pour into

phrasal
verb

B1

to make a liquid flow into something

The operator pours ink into the printing

press.

Unit 09

going to happen soon

If an organisation or business operates, it is
working, and if you operate it, you manage it
and make it work.
to make a machine or piece of equipment do
what it is designed to do
to watch work as it is done in order to make
certain that it is done correctly
to go past a vehicle or person that is going in
the same direction
go from one side to the other
the quality of having a very strong or
interesting character
to lift someone or something using your
hands, a tool or a machine

You have to be trained to operate the

machinery.
The director of photography oversees the
camera and lighting crew.

Unit 09
Unit 09

It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.

Unit 09

The sections pass through the folding

machine.

Unit 09

Who do you know has a big personality?

Unit 09

The gathering machine picks an A section

up, then a B section and so on.
I play quite an active part in the
Screenwriters' Guild.

Unit 09
Unit 09

To be precise, the chocolate seals off the

filling from the oxygen in the air

precise

adjective

B2

used to give exact details of something

print onto

phrasal
verb

A2

to produce writing or images on paper with a

The press prints 16 pages onto the paper
machine

Unit 09

priority

noun

B2

something that is very important and that

must be dealt with before other things

Tell us about something which is a high

priority in your life.

Unit 09

process

noun

B2

a series of actions that you take in order to

achieve a result

And thats the whole process.

Unit 09

put into

phrasal
verb

A1

to place something inside something

The operator puts the sheets into the folding

machine.

Unit 09

put together

phrasal
verb

B2

to move things next to each other

The gathering machine puts a complete set

together to make a book block'.

Unit 09

putty

noun

a soft, grey substance that becomes hard

when it is dry and is used to fasten glass into
windows or to fill small holes in wood

The putty around the windows is cracked.

Unit 09

regular

adjective

B1

regular exercise

Unit 09

relatively

adverb

B2

Eating out is relatively cheap.

Unit 09

report to

phrasal
verb

On a film set, everybody reports to the

director.

Unit 09

responsibility

noun

B2

something that it is your job or duty to deal

with

Its the camera operators responsibility to

make sure the camera moves smoothly

Unit 09

responsible for

phrasal
verb

B1

role

noun

B2

rosebush

noun

having control and authority over something

or someone
the job someone or something has in a
particular situation
a short, thick plant with roses

The director is responsible for interpreting

the screenplay.
Ive recently taken on the role of their
teacher.
They planted a rosebush in the garden.

happening or doing something often,

especially at the same time every week, year,
etc.
quite, when compared to other things or
people
Someone you report to at work is the person
in authority who gives you tasks and checks
that you do them.

Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

to tell someone about something so that they

can give their opinion about it
in a safe way
a story that is written for television or for a
film
someone who writes the story for a film

run something
past someone
safely

phrasal
verb
adverb

screenplay

noun

screenwriter

noun

seal off

phrasal
verb

C2

to close an entrance or container so that air or The chocolate seals off the filling from the
liquid cannot enter or leave it
air.

sense

noun

B2

the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence

shell

noun

C2

shoot

verb

C1

a hard outer covering for something

to use a camera to record a film or take a
photograph

shot

noun

B2

smoothly

adverb

B2

special effects

noun

specific

adjective

spine

noun

standard

noun

B2

start off

phrasal
verb

B1

B1

B2

Can you run that past me again?

Unit 09

We all arrived safely.

Unit 09

I write screenplays for films.

Unit 09

She's a screenwriter.

Unit 09
Unit 09

You mentioned that being a sports producer

was repetitive. In what sense?

Unit 09

caramel in a chocolate shell

Unit 09

Most of the film was shot in Italy.

Unit 09

a photograph

I got a good shot of them leaving the hotel

together.

Unit 09

without any sudden movements or changes

Make sure the camera moves smoothly.

Unit 09

an unusual type of action in a film, or an

entertainment on stage, created by using
special equipment

The new Harry Potter film includes some

very frightening special effects.

Unit 09

used to refer to a particular thing and not

something general

To be more specific, the chocolate seals off

the filling from the oxygen in the air

Unit 09

The spines of the books were damaged.

Unit 09

Talk about an organisation which you feel

has high standards.

Unit 09

To start off, I'll just say a few words about

the printing press itself.

Unit 09

the narrow part of a book cover where the

pages are joined together and which you can
see when it is on a shelf
a level of quality, especially a level that is
acceptable
to begin by doing something, or to make
something begin by doing something

The next step could be uploading a brain

onto a computer, then programming it into
an android.
a large/small sum of money

step

noun

B2

one of the things that you do to achieve

something

sum

noun

B1

an amount of money

supervise

verb

B2

to watch a person or activity and make certain The director of photography supervises the
that everything is done correctly, safely, etc
camera and lighting crew.

Unit 09

supporter

noun

B1

someone who likes a particular sports team

and wants them to win

Unit 09

take a look

phrase

B1

to look at something

task

noun

B2

trim

B1

type

noun
phrasal
verb
verb

B1

a piece of work, especially something

unpleasant or difficult
when you cut something to make it tidy
to move an object or page so that a different
side or surface is on the top
to write something using a keyboard

up to

phrase

B1

the responsibility of

upcoming
urge

adjective
noun

C1
C2

vision

noun

B2

voluntary work

phrase

An upcoming event will happen soon.

a strong wish or need
an idea or image in your mind of what
something could be like in the future
work that people do because they want to do
it and for which they are not paid

way of (+ing)

phrase

A2

a method for doing something

way to

phrase

A2

a method for doing something

work as

phrasal
verb

A1

If you work as something, that is what you do

I work as a writer.
as your job.

turn over

Im a lifelong supporter of Crystal Palace

football club.
Now lets take a look at how you can get into
the business.
The focus pullers main task is to focus the
camera.
The hedge needs a trim.

Unit 09
Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

The press turns the paper over.

Unit 09

I need to type up my notes.

Its up to the DP to make sure the team
delivers what the director wants.
the upcoming elections
I resisted a powerful urge to slap him.

Unit 09

a vision of a better society

Unit 09

I occasionally do voluntary work for a local

charity.
Whats the easiest way of giving up
smoking?
Whats the best way to travel around your
country?

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09
Unit 09

work ones way

up

phrase

ability

noun

acclaim

noun

B1

to succeed gradually in getting an important

job by repeatedly changing your job for a
Stella worked her way up from shop
more important one, having started your
assistant to regional manager.
working life with little power or responsibility

Unit 09

the physical or mental skill or qualities that

you need to do something

Satellites give us the ability to look at our

planet with a global perspective.

Unit 10

praise from a lot of people

Shes won international acclaim and awards.

Unit 10

accomplishment noun

C1

when you succeed in doing something good

according to

preposition

B1

as said by someone or shown by something

alien

adjective

allow

verb

C1

ally

noun

C1

angle

noun

C1

archaeologist

noun

C1

astronomical

adjective

award

noun

B2

beach

noun

A1

beneath

preposition

B2

benefit

noun

B1

biological

adjective

B2

Her greatest accomplishment would be if,

one day, her work wasnt needed!
According to one version, he was blown off
course by bad weather.

Unit 10
Unit 10

relating to creatures from another planet

an alien spacecraft

Unit 10

to make it possible for someone to do

something
someone who supports you, especially when
other people are against you

Satellites allow us to look at our planet with

a global perspective.

Unit 10

These people became our allies.

Unit 10

the way you think about a situation

Try looking at the problem from my angle.

Unit 10

He is an archaeologist.

Unit 10

astronomical research

Unit 10

Shes won international acclaim and awards.

Unit 10

someone who studies ancient cultures by

looking for and examining their buildings,
tools, and other objects
relating to astronomy
a prize given to someone for something they
have achieved

an area of sand or small stones next to the sea a sandy beach

under something, or in a lower position than
He hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
something
something that helps you or gives you an
That kind of medicine offers no benefit.
advantage
connected with the natural processes of living
biological sciences
things

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

change
someone's
phrase
behaviour
change
phrase
someone's mind

A2

to cause someone to act differently

Shes changed peoples minds and behaviour.

Unit 10

B1

to cause someone to think differently or to

have different beliefs

Shes changed peoples minds and behaviour.

Unit 10

I would argue with her characterisation of

the country as 'hostile'.

Unit 10

characterisation

noun

the way in which something is described by

showing its main qualities

civil servant

noun

someone who works in one of the government

departments responsible for putting central He is a civil servant.
government plans into action

Unit 10

civilisation

noun

B2

a society with well developed social

organisations, or the culture and way of life of one of the world's great civilisations
a society

Unit 10

clue

noun

B2

a sign or a piece of information that helps you Police are searching the area for clues to the
to solve a problem or answer a question
murder.

Unit 10

commercial

adjective

B2

companion

noun

B2

compulsory

adjective

B2

consensus

noun

C2

conservation

noun

B2

relating to buying and selling things

someone who you spend a lot of time with or
go somewhere with
If something is compulsory, you must do it
because of a rule or law.
when all the people in a group agree about
something
the protection of nature

considerable

adjective

B2

cooperation

noun

crucial
curious

commercial logging

Unit 10

a travelling companion

Unit 10

Its compulsory to vote here.

Unit 10

to reach a consensus

Unit 10

wildlife conservation

Unit 10

large or important enough to have an effect

The cost of marine expeditions is rising, but

the results would be of considerable benefit.

Unit 10

B2

when you work together with someone or do

what they ask you

international cooperation

Unit 10

adjective

B2

extremely important or necessary

Satellites are absolutely crucial for doing

ocean research.

Unit 10

adjective

B1

wanting to know or learn about something

I was curious about his life in India.

Unit 10

dedicate

verb

C1

to give your energy, time, etc. completely

Shes dedicated herself to saving the panda.

depth

noun

B1

the distance from the top of something to the The lake reaches a maximum depth of 292
bottom
metres.

Unit 10

descent

noun

a movement down

Unit 10

detect

verb

C1

differ

verb

B2

discourage

verb

B2

discover

verb

B1

disturb

verb

B2

diving

noun

B1

do research

phrase

B1

effect

noun

B1

enable

verb

B2

enemy

noun

B2

era

noun

B2

essential

adjective

B1

very important and necessary

evidence

noun

A1

something that makes you believe that

something is true or exists

The plane began its descent into Heathrow.

to discover or notice something, especially

A submersible detected something enormous
something that is difficult to see, hear, smell,
passing beneath it.
etc
Where exactly was Vinland? Sources differ
to be different
on this question.
to make someone less confident or
I didn't mean to discourage her.
enthusiastic about something
Who has discovered a new club or caf
to find something
recently?
to interrupt what someone is doing by making
Please don't disturb the animals.
noise or annoying them
the activity of swimming under water or
The cameras were well below the diving
moving towards the bottom of an area of
depth of a whale.
water
to study a subject, especially in order to
Who has done research into their family
discover new information about it
history?
a change, reaction, or result that is caused by I bought a natural remedy at the chemists,
something
but it doesnt seem to be having any effect.
to make someone able to do something, or to
make something possible
a country or army that your country or army
is fighting against in a war
a period of time in history that is special for a
particular reason

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

Satellites enable us to look at our planet with

a global perspective.

Unit 10

enemy forces/territory

Unit 10

the Victorian era

Unit 10

Satellites are absolutely essential for doing

ocean research.
Theres a lot of evidence that people learn in
different ways.

Unit 10
Unit 10

expedition

noun

B1

an organised journey, especially a long one

for a particular purpose

Peary led the first expedition to the North

Pole.

Unit 10

expert

noun

B1

someone who has a lot of skill in something

or a lot of knowledge about something

She is one of the worlds top experts on

panda conservation.

Unit 10

explore

verb

B1

to go around a place where you have never

been in order to find out what is there

Who loves exploring new towns and cities?

Unit 10

face a challenge

phrase

B2

to have to deal with something difficult

Shes faced some hard challenges.

Unit 10

fantasy

noun

B2

a situation or event that you imagine, which is

The big house was just a fantasy.
not real or true

Unit 10

farmland

noun

land which is used for or suitable for farming He owns over 100 acres of farmland.

Unit 10

focus on sth

phrasal
verb

B2

free

adjective

B2

freedom

noun

B2

frontier

noun

C2

galaxy

noun

global

adjective

B2

a line or border between two countries or

areas
a very large group of stars held together in the
universe
relating to the whole world

habitat

noun

C1

the natural environment of an animal or plant the fox's natural habitat

hiker

noun

hoax

noun

human nature

noun

to give a lot of attention to one particular

person, subject or thing
able to live, happen, or exist without being
controlled by anyone or anything

His article focussed on the French

Revolution.

Unit 10

Theyre free to pass through peoples land.

Unit 10

the right to live in the way you want, say what

My brother thinks we should have the
you think, and make your own decisions
freedom to vote or not, as we choose.
without being controlled by anyone else
frontier guards
In our galaxy alone, there are an estimated
100 billion stars.
the global problem of nuclear waste

a person who goes for a long walk in the

On sunny days the trails are full of hikers.
countryside
an attempt to make people believe something
The police said the bomb threat was a hoax.
which is not true
feelings, qualities, and behaviour that are
It's human nature to want to be loved.
typical of most people

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
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Unit 10

B2

the effect that a person, event, or situation

has on someone or something

Latino singers have had a major impact on

pop music this year.
The vacuum inside the tube caused it to
implode when the external air pressure was
increased.
Sources are in agreement that Leif Eriksson
died in about 1020.

impact

noun

implode

verb

in agreement

phrase

B2

having the same opinion

inform

verb

B1

to tell someone about something

If he calls me again, I shall inform the police.

knowledge

noun

B1

laboratory

noun

B1

Shes used her knowledge and training to

benefit the environment.
research laboratories

lifes work

noun

litter

noun

B2

locate

verb

B2

information and understanding that you have

in your mind
a room used for scientific work
A person's life's work is the work which is
most important to them and to which they
give a lot of time and effort
pieces of paper and other waste that are left in
public places
to find the exact position of someone or
something

logging

noun

map

verb

marine

adjective

mention

noun

B2

mild

adjective

B1

minimum

adjective

B1

nuclear

adjective

B2

to fall towards the inside with force

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

Shes made preserving the natural world her

lifes work.

Unit 10

There was a lot of litter in the street.

Unit 10

Who finds it difficult to locate places on a

map?

Unit 10

the activity of cutting down trees for wood

logging companies.

Unit 10

to represent an area of land in the form of a

map
found in the sea, or relating to the sea

It must be amazing to map an unexplored

area.
marine creatures/life
Interestingly, several sites make no mention
of his companions.

a brief remark

When weather is mild, it is less cold than you

a mild winter
would expect.
The minimum amount of something is the
smallest amount that is allowed, needed, or
How much is the minimum wage?
possible.
relating to the energy that is released when
the nucleus (=central part) of an atom is
divided

nuclear weapons/waste

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

obey

verb

B2

obliged to

phrase

B2

obliged to do
something

phrase

B2

off course

phrase

origin

noun

panda

noun

pavement

noun

B1

perspective

noun

C1

physicist

noun

pioneering

adjective

C2

planet

noun

B1

positive

adjective

B2

precedence

noun

C2

preserve

verb

B2

radio telescope

noun

register

verb

B2

B1

to do what you are told to do by a person,

rule, or instruction
If you are obliged to do something, you have
to do it.
to be forced to do something
away from the direction in which a ship,
aircraft, etc. should be moving
the cause of something, or where something
begins or comes from
a large, black and white animal that lives in
forests in China
a path by the side of a road that people walk
on
the way you think about something

If you refuse to obey the law, you'll be

arrested.
Sellers are not legally obliged to accept the
highest offer.
Landowners are obliged to let us walk on
their land.

Unit 10
Unit 10

The ship was blown off course.

Unit 10

the origin of the universe

Unit 10

He is an expert on pandas.

Unit 10

It's illegal to park on the pavement.

Unit 10

Being unemployed has made me see things

from a different perspective.
My father is a physicist.

someone who studies physics

using ideas and methods that have never been
pioneering techniques
used before
a large, round object in space that moves
Jupiter is the largest planet of our solar
around the sun or another star
system.
The cost of marine expeditions is rising, but
Something that is positive makes you feel
the results would have a positive effect on all
better about a situation.
our lives.
when someone or something is considered
to give precedence to something
more important than another person or thing
to keep something the same or prevent it
to preserve peace
from being damaged or destroyed
a device for receiving, for scientific study, the
They use radio telescopes to search the skies
electomagnetic waves sent out by objects in
for signals from alien civilisations.
space such as stars
to put information about someone or
something, especially a name, on an official
list

Unit 10

Is he registered with the authorities to sell

alcohol?

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

Unit 10

right

noun

B2

roam

verb

roar

noun

C2

robot

noun

B1

scan

verb

C1

scold

verb

settlement

noun

C2

so-called

adjective

B2

space probe

noun

species

noun

stair

noun

stare

verb

startle

verb

state

verb

submarine

noun

something that the law allows you to do

Hikers have the right to walk on public or

privately owned land.

Unit 10

to move around a place without any purpose

gangs of youths roaming the street at night

Unit 10

a loud, deep sound

a machine controlled by a computer, which
can move and do other things that people can
do
to look around an area quickly to try to find a
person or thing
to speak angrily to someone because they
have done something wrong

a lion's roar

Unit 10

They use robots in the factory.

Unit 10

He loved to scan the night sky looking for

stars and planets.

Unit 10

Their mother scolded them.

Unit 10

a town or village which people built to live in

after arriving from somewhere else

a Jewish settlement

Unit 10

used to show that this is an informal, little

known, or new name that something or
someone is know as

the so-called 'Robin Hood tax'

Unit 10

a small spacecraft, with no one travelling in it,

Space probes allow us to gather data about
sent into space to make measurements and
other planets.
send back information to scientists on Earth
B2

B2

B2

a group of plants or animals which share

similar characteristics
one of the steps in a set of steps
to look at someone or something for a long
time and not move your eyes

Unit 10

a rare species of bird

Unit 10

stair lights

Unit 10

Sean was staring at me.

Unit 10

to suddenly surprise or frighten someone

The sound startled me.

Unit 10

to officially say or write something

Other sources state that he was following the

route of an earlier explorer.

Unit 10

a boat that travels under water

They use a research submarine.

Unit 10

subsidise

verb

surface

noun
phrasal
verb

B2

If a government or other organisation

subsidises something, it pays part of the cost
of it, so that prices are reduced.
the top or outside part of something

B2

to clear something away using a brush

threat

noun

B2

transmit

verb

C1

turnout

noun

universe

noun

unmanned

adjective

vary

verb

version

noun

sweep up (sth)

B1

someone or something that is likely to cause

harm or damage
to broadcast something, or to send out signals
using radio, television, etc
the number of people at an event, such as a
meeting or election
everything that exists, including stars, space,
etc

We have a subsidised restaurant at work.

Unit 10

the Earth's surface

Unit 10

We swept up the broken glass.

Unit 10

a threat to the environment

Unit 10

The information is transmitted electronically

to the central computer.
They blamed the low turnout on the bad
weather.
Many people believe that there is life
elsewhere in the universe.

Unit 10
Unit 10
Unit 10

describes a spacecraft, or a place where

military guards work, that has no people
present to operate or be in charge of it

an unmanned mission to the planet Mars

Unit 10

B2

If things of the same type vary, they are

different from each other.

Sources vary on this question.

Unit 10

B2

someone's description of what has happened

In one version, he was blown off course by

bad weather.

Unit 10

a person belonging to a race of Scandinavian

people who travelled by sea and attacked
parts of northern and southern Europe
a Viking settlement
between the 8th and the 11th centuries, often
staying to live in places they travelled to

Viking

noun

vital

adjective

B2

necessary

Satellites are absolutely vital for doing ocean

research.

Unit 10

wavelength

noun

C2

the length of radio wave used by a radio

company for broadcasting its programmes

What wavelength are they on?

Unit 10

weed

noun

C2

a wild plant that you do not want to grow in

your garden

Dandelions are common weeds.

Unit 10

Unit 10

whale

noun

B1

a very large animal that looks like a large fish,

lives in the sea and breathes air through a
They hunt for whales.
hole at the top of its head

Unit 10

work with

phrasal
verb

A1

to do things with another person or

organization in order to achieve something

Her professor worked with the government

to improve things.

Unit 10

about

adverb

A1

used before a number or amount to mean

approximately

About eight out of ten people said they

usually got their bread at the supermarket.

Unit 11

happening or having an effect on people at

every level and in every area
to make a suggestion about what you think
someone should do or how they should do
something

There has been an across-the-board

improvement.

Unit 11

Id advise against it.

Unit 11

His doctor advised him to take time off work.

Unit 11

allegations of corruption

Unit 11

She announced that shed require indoor

parking for her moped.

Unit 11

He apologised for the interruption.

Unit 11

There were over fifty applicants for the job.

Unit 11

across-the-board adjective
advise

verb

B1

advise

verb

B1

allegation

noun

C1

announce

verb

B1

apologise

verb

B1

applicant

noun

someone who applies for a job

arm wrestle

noun

a contest in which two people try to press

He challenged me to an arm wrestle.
each other's arm down to see who is stronger

at ease

phrase

audio book

noun

automatic

adjective

balding

adjective

C2

to make a suggestion about what you think

someone should do or how they should do
something
when you say that someone has done
something wrong or illegal, without proof
that this is true
to tell people about something officially or
with force or confidence
to tell someone that you are sorry about
something you have done

feeling relaxed and comfortable

a book that has been read aloud by an actor
and recorded
certain to happen as part of the normal
process or system
becoming bald

Unit 11

I felt completely at ease with him.

Unit 11

I listen to audio books while I'm driving.

Unit 11

You get an automatic promotion after two

years.
a balding man

Unit 11
Unit 11

a row of black lines on something you buy,

that a computer reads to find the price

bar code

noun

best (noun)

noun

B1

bite

verb
phrasal
verb

B1

break off

B2

Scan the bar code.

someone or something that is better than any A successful journalist knows how to get the
other
best out of somebody.
to cut something using your teeth
She bit into an apple.
Do you know anyone whos broken off an
to suddenly stop speaking or doing something
engagement?
a flat, rectangular case with a handle for
Where is my briefcase?
carrying documents, books, etc

Unit 11

Unit 11
Unit 11
Unit 11

briefcase

noun

bring out the

worst in
someone

phrase

broadcaster

noun

B2

call off

phrasal
verb

B2

campaign

noun

C1

challenge

verb

B2

challenge

verb

clam up

phrasal
verb

to suddenly stop talking, usually because you What do you do when the person you're
are embarrassed or nervous
interviewing just clams up.

Unit 11

clam up

phrasal
verb

to suddenly stop talking, usually because you He was afraid he would clam up in front of
are embarrassed or nervous
the television camera.

Unit 11

clean up
climb down

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

to cause someone to behave badly or show

negative qualities
someone whose job is to speak on radio or
television programmes
to decide that a planned event will not
happen
a series of organised activities or events
intended to achieve a result
to invite someone to compete in a game or
fight
to invite someone to compete in a game or
fight

Unit 11

He can bring out the worst in people.

Unit 11

He was a famous broadcaster in the 1930s.

Unit 11

When was the last time you had to call off a

meeting?

Unit 11

an advertising/election campaign

Unit 11

He challenged me to an arm wrestle.

Unit 11

He challenged Smith to a fight.

Unit 11

A1

to make a person or place clean and tidy

She decides what day and time we should

meet to clean up the area.

Unit 11

B2

to change your opinion or admit that you are

wrong

We climbed down the mountain.

Unit 11

close down

phrasal
verb

B2

If a business or organization closes down, or

if someone or something closes it down, it
stops operating.

combine

verb

B2

to do two or more activities at the same time

come down

phrasal
verb

A1

to fall and land on the ground

complain

verb

B1

consumer

noun

B2

correspondent

noun

corruption

noun

current affairs

noun

cut down on

phrasal
verb

B2

demonstrate

verb

C2

down

adjective

B2

down

verb

enter

verb

fidget

verb

fingernail

noun

C1

After a lot of problems with the bank, we had

to close down the factory.
I don't know how she combines working with
studying.
I like the way the sunlight comes down
through the clouds.

to say that something is wrong or that you are

She complained that she hadnt had lunch.
annoyed about something
These price cuts are good news for
someone who buys or uses goods or services
consumers.
someone who reports news for newspapers,
television, or radio, usually from another
a correspondent for the New York Times
country
dishonest or immoral behaviour, usually by
He was arrested for corruption and bribery.
people in positions of power
important political or social events which are
a current affairs programme
happening in the world at the present time
to start eating less of something that is bad
for your health
to express or show that you have a feeling,
quality, or ability

To improve my health, Ive decided to cut

down on less salty and fatty food.
He has demonstrated a genuine interest in
the project.

sad

You look a bit down today. Are you OK?

to drink something quickly

B1

B2

to start working in a particular job

to keep making small movements with your
hands or feet because you are nervous or
bored
the hard, thin part on the top of the end of
your finger

Brenda quickly downed her coffee and ran

out of the office.
I entered the teaching profession in my
forties.

Unit 11

Unit 11
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Unit 11

She fidgeted all the way through the job

interview.

Unit 11

She has very long fingernails.

Unit 11

the lower part of your arm between your hand

He had a large tattoo on his forearm.
and your elbow (=the place where it bends)

forearm

noun

get someone
talking

phrase

B2

go off

phrasal
verb

B2

good lord

phrase

hairpiece

noun

half

noun

A2

one of two equal parts of something; 1 2 ;

handle

verb

B1

Unit 11

incompetent

adjective

to deal with something

not able to do your job, or things that you are
incompetent managers
expected to do, successfully

item

noun

a single thing in a group of things or on a list

the last item on the list

Unit 11

jocular

adjective

funny or intended to make someone laugh

a jocular comment

Unit 11

joy

noun

B2

She's a joy to work with.

Unit 11

kick off

phrasal
verb

C1

What time do football matches in your

country usually kick off?

Unit 11

logo

noun

B1

a corporate logo

Unit 11

manipulate

verb

mix

verb

to make people want to speak

If something that makes a noise goes off, it

suddenly starts making a noise.
something you say when you are surprised or
Good lord! Is that the time?
angry
an artificial covering of hair used to hide an
area of the head where there is no hair

B1

B2

To be a successful journalist, you need to be

able to get people talking.
An alarm clock went off in the candidates
briefcase.

something or someone that makes you feel

very happy
When a football match or other event kicks
off, it starts.
a design or symbol used by a company to
advertise its products

Do you think he wears a hairpiece?

Just under half of them buy their lunches
from our shop.
He knows how to handle people.

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to control someone or something in a clever He knows how to manipulate people to get

way so that they do what you want them to do his won way.

Unit 11

to (cause different substances to) combine, so

The bottle-makers crush the ingredients to a
that the result cannot easily be separated into
powder and mix them up.
its parts

Unit 11

a small motorcycle which also has pedalsparts

which you press with your feet to move
She gets around town on a moped.
forward which can be used when starting it or
travelling up a hill

moped

noun

nearly

adverb

A2

almost

nearly all

phrase

A2

all except a very small number of

obtain

verb

B2

over

preposition

A2

persistent

adjective

C2

to get something
more than a particular amount, number, or
age
A persistent person continues to do
something although other people do not want He can be very persistent sometimes.
them to.

personnel

noun

C1

pirate

noun

B1

procedure

noun

B2

the official or usual way of doing something

verb

C2

to do something after you have done

something else

phrase

B2

to make someone start to feel relaxed

phrase

C2

to make someone feel nervous

quarter

noun

A2

one of four equal parts of something; 1 4

refuse

verb

B1

renew

verb

B2

repetitive

adjective

C1

proceed to (do
sth)
put someone at
ease
put someone on
edge

the department of an organisation that deals

with finding people to work there, keeping
records about them, etc
someone who attacks ships and steals from
them

to say that you will not do or accept

something
to arrange to continue an official agreement
that was going to end soon
doing or saying the same thing several times,
especially in a way that is boring

Nearly all of them said theyd be interested

in buying from us.
Nearly all the sandwiches we make have
meat in them.
to obtain permission
Just over 150 people were surveyed
including 40 from local businesses.

Unit 11

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I need to speak to someone in Personnel.

Unit 11

They were attacked by pirates.

Unit 11

The company has new procedures for

dealing with complaints.
She sat down and proceeded to tell me her
life story.
The first question an interviewer asks should
put them at ease.
If you put somebody on edge, they won't be
able to.
Three quarters of local people said they need
cakes for special occasions.

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They refused my job application.

Unit 11

I've decided not to renew my golf club

membership this year.

Unit 11

a repetitive job

Unit 11

resignation

noun

rsum

noun

round off

phrasal
verb

run up/down

phrase

set up
slow down

phrasal
verb
phrasal
verb

snap

verb

switch off

phrasal
verb

symphony

noun

take up

phrasal
verb

tap dance

verb

tattoo

verb

terrific

adjective

therapist

noun

threaten

verb

C2

when someone tells their employer that they

are leaving their job

B1

a document which describes your

qualifications and the jobs that you have
She asked to see my rsum.
done, which you send to an employer that you
want to work for

A1
B1
B2

B1

B1

B1

B2

to complete an event or activity in a pleasant

way
to move on your feet at a faster speed than
walking
to arrange for an event or activity to happen

a letter of resignation

Unit 11

Unit 11

Do you like to round off a big meal with a

coffee or something sweet?

Unit 11

He ran up the stairs.

Unit 11

As a mediator, you set up and guide the

discussion at all times.
I dont understand what youre saying.
Please slow down.
Photographers snapped the Princess
everywhere she went.

to become slower or to make something

become slower
to take a photograph of someone or
something
to turn off a light, television, etc by using a
Do you ever switch off your phone? When?
switch
a long piece of music for an orchestra (=large
They played Beethoven's fifth symphony.
group of different musicians)
how much people start to use or accept a
service, or sometimes a product, that has
I took up sailing when I was living in Brazil.
become available to them
to do a type of dance in which the rhythm is
kept by the noise of the dancer's shoes on the He started tap dancing around the office.
floor
to put a design on someone's skin using ink
He had an angel tattooed on his arm.
and a needle
excellent
a terrific opportunity

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someone whose job is to treat a particular

type of mental or physical illness

a speech therapist

Unit 11

to be likely to cause harm or damage to

something or someone

He threatened to take legal action against

the newspaper.

Unit 11

tone down

phrasal
verb

to make something less forceful

transpose

verb

to use something in a different situation

turn down

phrasal
verb

B2

turn off

phrasal
verb

A2

turn up

phrasal
verb

B1

under

preposition

A2

up

adjective

B1

up

verb

use up

phrasal
verb

B2

victim

noun

B2

whereby

adverb

C2

access

noun

B1

acupuncture

noun

allocate

verb

antibiotic
application

to refuse an offer or request

How about if we ask LogoForum to tone

down the colours a little?
I was able to transpose my skills to the new
job.
I had to turn down their dinner invitation.

to move the switch on a machine, light, etc so

that it stops working, or to stop the supply of He turned off his alarm clock.
water, electricity, etc
to increase the level of sound or heat that a
Will you turn up the TV? I cant hear.
machine produces
Just under half of them buy their lunches
less than a number, amount, or age
from our shop.
not in bed
I was up all night writing an essay.
The news of the take over upped the
to make something increase
companys share price by 6%.
Ive used up all the milk. Can you buy some
to finish a supply of something
more?
someone who has suffered the effects of
victims of crime
violence, illness, or bad luck
They've introduced a system whereby people
by which
share cars.
when you have the right or opportunity to use Are patients given access to their own
or see something
medical records?
a way of treating pain or illness by putting
thin needles into different parts of the body

Acupuncture is considered to be an
alternative medicine.

C1

to give some time, money, space, etc to be

used for a particular purpose

noun

C2

a medicine which cures infections by

destroying harmful bacteria

noun

B1

an official request for a job

The government has promised to allocate

extra money for health care.
Im going to give you a couple of
prescriptions. One of thems an antibiotic,
the others a painkiller.
There were more than fifty applications for
the post.

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a time you have arranged to meet someone or How easy is it to make an appointment at a
go somewhere
clinic or with a doctor?
The council has approved plans for a new
to allow or officially agree to something
shopping centre.
a substance used to treat minor injuries such
He gave me arnica for the bruising.
as bruises

appointment

noun

A2

approve

verb

B1

arnica

noun

as you know

phrase

B1

used to emphasize that someone does know

what you are referring to

As you know, money was recently allocated

for improvements to the caf.

Unit 12

associate

verb

B2

to relate two things, people, etc in your mind

Most people associate this brand with good

quality.

Unit 12

attribute (sth) to
(sth)

phrasal
verb

B2

awe

noun

C2

a type of dancing where a man and a woman

dance together using special steps and music

ballroom dancing noun

believe

verb

phrasal
verb
phrasal
brighten (sth) up
verb
believe in

to say that something is caused by something

He attributes his success to hard work.
else
I was filled with awe at the sheer size of the
a feeling of great respect and sometimes fear
building.

A2
B1

cancer

noun

B1

check-up

noun

childish

adjective

B2

chilly

adjective

C1

coffee machine

noun

to think something, without being completely

sure
to be confident that something is effective
and right
to make something more colourful and
attractive
a serious disease that is caused when cells in
the body grow in a way that is uncontrolled
and not normal
a general medical examination to see if you
are healthy
Childish behaviour is silly, like that of a small
child.
unpleasantly cold

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I love ballroom dancing.

Unit 12

We believe that the money should be spent in

four areas.

Unit 12

Not everyone believes in homeopathy.

Unit 12

We could brighten up the caf with some

flowers.

Unit 12

breast/lung cancer

Unit 12

Are people encouraged to regular check-ups?

Unit 12

Don't be so childish!

Unit 12

a chilly evening

Unit 12

a machine from which you can buy coffee and

I need some coins for the coffee machine.
other hot drinks by putting coins into it

Unit 12

the feelings or ideas that words or actions

give in addition to their usual meanings

connotation

noun

consent

noun

C1

permission for someone to do something

consideration

noun

B2

when you think about something very

carefully

constantly

adverb

B2

all the time or often

convenience

noun

B2

when something is convenient

conventional

adjective

B2

critic

noun

C1

cure

verb

B1

deceive

verb

B2

democratic

adjective

B2

dilute

verb

traditional and ordinary

someone who says that they do not approve of
someone or something
to make someone with an illness healthy
again
to make someone believe something that is
not true
where everyone has equal rights and can help
to make decisions
to make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding
water or another liquid to it

discuss
something
openly

phrase

disease

noun

distinction

The word 'second-hand' has connotations of

poor quality.
You can't come without your parents'
consent.
We hope that our proposals will be given
serious consideration.
The present machine breaks down
constantly.
We look forward to discussing them further
at a time of your convenience.
conventional farming/medicine
an outspoken critic of the government
Getting a better chair completely cured my
back problems.
The company deceived customers by selling
old computers as new ones.

Unit 12

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a democratic discussion/debate

Unit 12

You need to dilute this before you drink it.

Unit 12

to talk about something in a direct and honest Do doctors discuss medical treatments
way
openly with their patients?

Unit 12

B1

an illness caused by an infection or by a

failure of health and not by an accident

heart disease

Unit 12

noun

B2

a difference between two similar things

the distinction between spoken and written

language

Unit 12

divide

verb

B1

to make things or people separate into parts

or groups

I'll divide you into three groups.

Unit 12

downside

noun

C1

the disadvantage of a situation

entitled to

phrasal
verb

B2

If you are entitled to something, you have a

right to have or do it.

The downside of living in a city is all the

pollution.
I feel were entitled to a 50% refund of the
cost.

Unit 12
Unit 12

ethical

adjective

C2

relating to what is right or wrong

The book raises some serious ethical

questions.

Unit 12

experience

noun

B1

knowledge that you get from doing a job, or

from doing, seeing, or feeling something

My experience is that rights and

responsibilities go hand in hand.

Unit 12

fairly
fatal
fatigue

adverb
adjective
noun

B1
B2

more than average, but less than very

A fatal accident or illness causes death.
when you feel very tired

feel

verb

B1

to think something or have an opinion

free of charge

phrase

B1

costing nothing

further

adverb

B2

far: at or to a place or time that is a longer

distance away

a fairly big family

a fatal car crash
She was suffering from fatigue.
We do not feel that there is any need for new
tables and chairs.
Are medicines free of charge?
Further into the future, we could very well
have a country-wide transport system of
small electric cars.

go hand in hand

phrase

C1

If two things go hand in hand, they exist

together and are connected with each other.

Prosperity goes hand in hand with

investment.

Unit 12

guidance

noun

B2

help or advice

Students make choices about their future,

with the guidance of their teachers.

Unit 12

hammer (sth)
into (sb)
heal

phrasal
verb
verb

health insurance noun

B2
B2

health-conscious adjective
help out

phrasal
verb

high status

phrase

B2

to repeat something to someone a lot of times

until they remember it
to make a person healthy again
when you make regular payments to an
insurance company in exchange for that
company paying most or all of the costs of
your medical care

We try to hammer it into the children to take

care crossing the road.
traditional methods of healing

Health-conscious people try to keep

themselves healthy.
to help someone, especially by giving them
money or working for them
when someone is considered by most people
to be important and a lot of respect and
admiration is felt for them

I think the people here are quite healthconscious.

Are families expected to help out with patient
care?

Does everyone have health insurance?

Would you say that doctors and nurses have

a high status?

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to have power or a very strong influence

hold sway

phrase

homeopathic

adjective

homeopathy

noun

hunt

noun

hypnosis

noun

illness

noun

B1

a disease of the body or mind

illness

noun

B1

impose

verb

C1

in part

phrase

a disease of the body or mind

to officially order that a rule, tax,
punishment, etc will happen
partly

independently

adverb

B2

injection

noun

C2

make

verb

A2

malaria

noun

manner

noun

massage

noun

medicine

noun

C1

B2

A2

Homeopathic medicines use extremely small

amounts of natural substances to treat
illnesses.
a way of treating illnesses using very small
amounts of natural substances
a search for something or someone
a mental state like sleep, in which a person's
thoughts can be easily influenced by someone
else

Fundamentalist beliefs hold sway over whole

districts.

Unit 12

homeopathic medicine/remedies

Unit 12

Some people consider homeopathy to be no

better than a sugar pill.
a job hunt
Police placed witnesses under hypnosis in an
effort to gain additional information.
Unfortunately I couldn't go because of
illness.
a serious/terminal illness

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to impose a ban/tax

Unit 12

He is in part to blame for the accident.

Unit 12

Theyre expected to work independently.

Unit 12

when someone puts a drug into your body

using a needle

an insulin injection

Unit 12

to produce or create something

How easy is it to make an appointment at a

clinic or with a doctor?

Unit 12

Many people died of malaria.

Unit 12

Do doctors tend to have a formal or informal

manner towards patients?

Unit 12

the activity of rubbing or pressing parts of

someone's body in order to make them relax
or to stop their muscles hurting

to have a massage

Unit 12

a substance used to cure an illness or injury

Do you know if youre allergic to any

medicine?

Unit 12

a serious disease that you can get in hot

countries if a mosquito (=small insect) bites
you
the way in which a person talks and behaves
with other people

having no more qualities or advantages than

Some see homeopathy as no better than a

sugar pill.
That kind of medicine offers no benefit.
Id reject the first on the grounds that it could
be too cold.

no better than

phrase

offer
on the grounds
that

verb

B1

to give or provide something

phrase

B2

for the reason that

opposed to (sth) phrase

C1

If you are opposed to a plan or activity, you

disagree with it and want to stop it or change We're opposed to any tax increases.
it

painkiller

noun

physiotherapy

noun

pill

noun

a drug which reduces pain

B1

treatment for illness or injury in which you

practise moving parts of your body
a small, hard piece of medicine that you
swallow

Im going to give you a couple of

prescriptions. One of thems an antibiotic,
the others a painkiller.

Unit 12
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a vitamin pill

Unit 12

a substance that is not a medicine but which a

patient takes, thinking it is a medicine. The
purpose of a placebo is either to make a
The placebo effect is far more powerful than
patient feel better because they think they
most people realise.
have been treated, or to compare the effect of
no medicine with the effect of medicine when
it is given to other patients.

Unit 12

Unit 12

placebo

noun

policy

noun

B2

a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in

particular situations that has been agreed by a foreign policy
government, business, etc

potentially

adverb

B2

possibly

prescribe

verb

C2

prevention

verb

B2

There have been a number of articles

criticising homeopathic remedies as
potentially lethal.
Painkillers are the most common drugs
to say what medical treatment someone needs
prescribed by doctors in Britain.
when you stop something from happening or
the prevention of disease
stop someone from doing something

Unit 12

Unit 12

Unit 12

principle

noun

B2

a basic idea or rule which explains how

something happens or works

The organisation works on the principle that

all members have the same rights.

Unit 12

proof

noun

B2

a fact or a piece of information that shows

something exists or is true

Theres no proof that it works.

Unit 12

proposal

noun

B2

a suggestion for a plan

propose

verb

B2

to suggest a plan or action

publicly

adverb

C2

If you do something publicly, everyone can

see it, hear it, or know about it.

purchase

verb

B2

to buy something

reasonably

adverb

B1

in a fair way, showing good judgment

reject

verb

B2

to refuse to accept or agree with something

relief

noun

B2

the good feeling that you have when

something unpleasant stops or does not
happen

It'll be such a relief when these exams are

over.

Unit 12

remedy

noun

B2

something that makes you better when you

are ill

I bought a natural remedy at the chemists,

but it doesnt seem to be having any effect.

Unit 12

repair

verb

A2

to fix something that is broken or damaged

I must get my bike repaired.

Unit 12

research

noun

B1

when someone studies a subject in detail in

order to discover new information

Research suggests that people learn in

different ways.

Unit 12

rub

verb

B2

to move a substance backwards and forwards

over a surface so that it covers it and goes into Rub the cream into your skin.
it

Unit 12

rule (sth) out

phrasal
verb

to decide or state that something is

impossible or will not happen, or that
something or someone is not suitable

Unit 12

We hope that our proposals will be given

serious consideration.
We also propose that the company buy
several poster-size prints to brighten up the
walls even more.
I would like to see homeopaths debating
publicly with their critics.
Tickets must be purchased two weeks in
advance.
Bright, modern, reasonably priced events
marquee.
The United States government rejected the
proposal.

We've ruled out several dates already.

Unit 12

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rule out

phrasal
verb

C2

to decide or state that something is

impossible or will not happen, or that
something or someone is not suitable

Id rule it out since it might not involve

everyone equally.

Unit 12

rural

adjective

B2

relating to the countryside and not to towns

a rural area

Unit 12

scientific basis

phrase

B2

If something has no scientific basis, according

It has no scientific basis.
to science it is not true or does not exist.

serious

adjective

B2

shamefully

adverb

C1

side effect

noun

C1

another effect that a drug has on your body in

addition to the main effect for which the
Headaches are one side effect of this drug.
doctor has given you the drug

since

conjunction

B1

because

substance

noun

B2

a solid, liquid, or gas

suggest

verb

B2

to make something seem likely to be true

summarise

verb

B2

to describe briefly the main facts or ideas of

something

The purpose of this proposal is to summarise

the reaction of the staff to your ideas.

surgery

noun

B2

symptom

noun

B2

Surgery should be considered as a last

resort.
What exactly are your symptoms? Well, just
a really painful sore throat.

tax

noun

B1

when a doctor cuts your body open and

repairs or removes something
a physical feeling or problem which shows
that you have a particular illness
money that you have to pay to the
government from what you earn or when you
buy things

tent

noun

B1

thinking or speaking sincerely about

We hope that our proposals will be given
something and not joking
serious consideration.
in a way that is bad and should make you feel
The children were shamefully neglected.
embarrassed and guilty

a structure made of metal poles and cloth

which is fixed to the ground with ropes and
used as a cover or to sleep under

Id rule it out since it might not involve

everyone equally.
a dangerous substance
Research suggests that people learn in
different ways.

Unit 12

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They're putting up the tax on cigarettes.

Unit 12

It only took twenty minutes to put the tent up

(=make it ready to use).

Unit 12

thoroughly

adverb

B2

very carefully

treat

verb

B2

to give medical care to someone for an illness Do hospitals treat people immediately or are
or injury
there waiting lists?

Unit 12

treatment

noun

B2

something which you do to try to cure an

illness or injury, especially something
suggested or done by a doctor

Does your health insurance cover every kind

of treatment?

Unit 12

tried and tested

phrase

understand

verb

A2

used many times before and proved to be

successful
to know the meaning of something that
someone says

Its a tried and tested team-building activity

for adults.
As we understand it, the Board has three
main suggestions.

vaccination

noun

C2

when someone is given a vaccine (= substance

All the children have received two
put into the body through the skin with a
vaccinations against measles.
needle) to stop them from getting a disease

Unit 12

vaccine

noun

C2

a substance that is given to people to stop

them from getting a particular disease

a flu vaccine

Unit 12

workshop

noun

C1

a workshop on crime prevention

Unit 12

worthless
absolutely

adjective
adverb

C1
B1

He made me feel stupid and worthless.

The plot was absolutely ridiculous.

Unit 12

accept

verb

B1

I don't think we can accept that.

Unit 13

agree

verb

B1

to decide something with someone

Im afraid we cant agree to cancel the entire

cost.

Unit 13

alternative (noun) noun

B2

one of two or more things that you can choose

It's a low-fat alternative to butter.
between

Unit 13

at all

phrase

B1

in any way

Sorry but we dont understand that at all.

Unit 13

besides

adverb

B1

used to give another reason for something

We just dont have the room. And besides, its

not just you.

Unit 13

when a group of people meet to learn more

about something by discussing it and doing
practical exercises
not important or useful
completely
to agree to take something that is offered to
you

Homeopathy has been tested thoroughly.

Unit 12

Unit 12
Unit 12

Unit 13

break down

phrasal
verb

B1

bring along

phrasal
verb

A2

bungalow

noun

call (verb)

verb

B2

compensate

verb

C2

compensate

verb

C1

complete
compromise
(noun)

adjective

B1

noun

B2

confusion

noun

B2

corridor

noun

B2

cul-de-sac

noun

definitely

adverb

B1

depend on

phrasal
verb

dining room

If a system, relationship, or discussion breaks

The relationship between the neighbours
down, it fails because there is a problem or
broke down completely.
disagreement.
We invite each participant to bring along a
to take someone with you
supporter.
a house that has all its rooms on the ground
They live in a bungalow.
floor
to ask someone to come somewhere
We called a meeting.
to reduce the bad effect of something, or
We believe we should be compensated for
make something bad become something good our losses.
to pay someone money because you are
responsible for injuring them or damaging
something
used to emphasize what you are saying
when you agree to something which is not
exactly what you want
when you think that one person or thing is
another
a passage in a building or train with rooms on
one or both sides
a short road with houses which is blocked at
one end

Victims of the crash will be compensated for

their injuries.

Unit 13

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Unit 13

It was complete rubbish.

They talked it over and came up with a
compromise.
There was confusion over which baby was
which.

Unit 13

We passed in the corridor.

Unit 13

Their house is in a cul-de-sac.

Unit 13

without any doubt

Thats definitely the best price we can

manage.

Unit 13

B1

If one thing depends on another, the first

thing is affected by the second thing.

That depends on what we agree.

Unit 13

noun

A1

a room in which meals are eaten

We had dinner in the dining room.

Unit 13

donor

noun

C2

someone who gives money or goods to a

person or organisation that needs help

Ten thousand dollars was given by an

anonymous donor.

Unit 13

entitle

verb

B2

to give someone the right to do or have

something

I'm entitled to apply for citizenship.

Unit 13

Unit 13
Unit 13

ethnicity

noun

far

phrasal
verb
adverb

fundraising

noun

gather

verb

C1

generous

adjective

B1

go away

phrasal
verb

B1

happy

adjective

A2

have a word

phrase

B2

hollow

adjective

C2

implement

verb

B2

in any case

phrase

B2

in that case

phrase

B2

keep

verb

A2

keep an
appointment

phrase

B2

keep my fingers
crossed

phrase

C2

face up to

B2
B2

Someone's ethnicity is what race or culture

they are from.
to start to accept that a difficult situation
exists
very much
when you collect money for a particular
purpose
to think something is true because you have
heard or seen information about it
giving other people a lot of money, presents,
or time in a kind way

Ideally, the group should be made up of

many different ethnicities.
They have to face up to reality and be ready
to compromise
Its a far bigger order than usual.

Unit 13
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a fundraising event

Unit 13

I gather youd like to work out some

compensation.

Unit 13

a very generous man

Unit 13

to disappear

They hoped the problem would go away.

Unit 13

satisfied and not worried

How can we solve this problem and keep

everyone happy.

Unit 13

to have a short conversation with someone

about a particular subject, usually with no
one else present
having a hole or empty space inside
to make a law, system, plan, etc start to
happen or operate

Unit 13

a hollow shell/tube
Our new computerised system will soon be
fully implemented.

Unit 13

used to give another reason for something

that you are saying, or that you have done

In any case, that room's too small.

Unit 13

because of the mentioned situation

Well, in that case, Ive got another idea.

Unit 13

to have something permanently or for the

whole of a period of time
to go to a meeting or event that has been
arranged

How can we solve this problem and keep

everyone happy.

Unit 13

I always keep my appointments.

Unit 13

I always keep my fingers crossed when my

flight takes off.

Unit 13

to hope that things will happen in the way

that you want them to, sometimes putting
one finger over another to bring good luck

Unit 13

the process of going to court so that a

decision can be made officially by law

They came up with a compromise so there

was no need for legal action.

Unit 13

B1

A load of something is a lot of that thing.

I printed a load of leaflets.

Unit 13

adjective

B2

verb

C1

a massive building
Teaching is all about motivating people to
learn.

Unit 13

motivate
oat

noun

very big
to make someone enthusiastic about doing
something
a type of grain that people eat or feed to
animals

oat biscuits

Unit 13

legal action

phrase

load

noun

massive

official complaint phrase

B2

when someone tells a person in authority that If you are really unhappy with the service
something is wrong or not satisfactory
you could make an official complaint.

Unit 13

used for adding emphasis to questions, often

when the speaker is surprised or angry

How on earth did she manage that?

Unit 13

When it comes to politics, I try to keep an

open mind.

Unit 13

on earth

phrase

open mind

phrase

B2

opinion

noun

B1

overcome

verb

B2

to deal with and control a problem or feeling

participant

noun

C1

someone who is involved in an activity

passion

noun
phrasal
verb

C1

when you like something very much

to cover a path or road with flat stones,
They want the whole area paved over.
bricks, concrete, etc
to make a copy of a document with a machine
which produces copies of documents using
I need to photocopy some papers.
light and electricity

pave over
photocopy

verb

portfolio

noun

Unit 13

If someone has an open mind, they consider

ideas and opinions that are new or different
to their own.
a thought or belief about something or
someone

a collection of designs, pictures, documents,

etc that represents a person's work, or the
large, flat container that it is carried in

She spoke to everyone involved and got their

opinion.
He's trying to overcome his drug addiction
and find a job.
All participants finishing the race will
receive a medal.
a passion for football

He showed us his portfolio.

Unit 13
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prepared to

phrasal
verb

B2

willing to

Were prepared to add an extra $250.

Unit 13

provided

conjunction

B2

only if

Wed be willing to come here again provided

we can sort out this problem.

Unit 13

put on

phrasal
verb

A2

to make a device operate, or to cause a device

to play something, such as a CD or video, by Do you mind if I put the television on?
pressing a switch

put up with

phrasal
verb

B2

put up with (sb)

phrasal
verb

B2

rental

noun

reputation

noun

sci-fi

noun

secret

noun

B1

session

noun

B1

shadow

noun

B1

single

adjective

B1

sort out

phrasal
verb

B2

take legal advice phrase

B2

talk something
over

B2

phrasal
verb

B2

to accept unpleasant behaviour or an

unpleasant situation, although you do not like
it
to accept unpleasant or annoying behaviour
although you do not like it
the amount of money that you pay to rent
something
the opinion that people have about someone
or something based on their behaviour or
character in the past
science fiction
something that you tell no one about or only a
few people

Unit 13

They simply put up with the problem.

Unit 13

I don't know how she puts up with him.

Unit 13

The price includes flights and car rental.

Unit 13

Both hotels have a good reputation.

Unit 13

He's a big sci-fi fan.

Unit 13

I know how to keep a secret.

Unit 13

a weekly aerobics session

Unit 13

The tree had cast (=made) a long shadow.

Unit 13

She got top marks in every single subject.

Unit 13

If people havent sorted out their differences

after two hours, then theyre not going to.

Unit 13

to arrange for a lawyer to tell you what the

law states or how you should behave
according to the law

They weren't sure about their rights so they

decided to take legal advice.

Unit 13

to discuss something with someone, often to

find out their opinion or to get advice before
making a decision

They talked it over and came up with a

compromise.

Unit 13

a period during which you do one activity

a dark area made by something that is
stopping the light
considered on its own; separate from other
things
to deal satisfactorily or successfully with a
problem, a situation, or a person who is
having difficulties

very

She must be terribly happy about it.

Unit 13

to discuss a plan or problem in detail until

you reach an agreement or find a solution

We sat round the table and thrashed it out.

Unit 13

a sore throat

Unit 13

pack of tobacco
It was a total waste of time.
He was visibly upset.
Wed be willing to come here again provided
we can sort out this problem.
What do you hope to have achieved after six
months in the job?

Unit 13

a financial advisor

Unit 14

a detailed analysis

Unit 14

a robot machine controlled by computer

which is made to look like a human

We watched a movie about androids.

Unit 14

B1

to request something, usually officially,

especially by writing or sending in a form

What are your reasons for applying for this

position?

Unit 14

verb

B2

to feel grateful for something

We very much appreciated the efforts you

made.

Unit 14

appropriate

adjective

B2

Is this film appropriate for young children?

Unit 14

arise
assist
assistance

verb
verb
noun

C1
B2
B2

Unit 14

attribute

noun

C2

basis

noun

B2

before long

phrase

B2

I'll let you know if any vacancies arise.

The army assisted in the search.
financial/medical assistance
What skills or attributes does he need in his
work?
I tend to respond to things on a day-to-day
basis.
He'll be home before long.

terribly

adverb

B1

thrash (sth) out

phrasal
verb

throat

noun

B1

tobacco
total
visibly

noun
adjective
adverb

C1
B2
C2

the back part of your mouth and the passages

inside your neck
dried leaves that are inside cigarettes
extreme or complete
in a way that can be seen

willing

adjective

B1

wanting to do something

achieve

verb

B1

advisor

noun

C1

analysis

noun

B2

android

noun

apply

verb

appreciate

to succeed in doing something good, usually

by working hard
someone whose job is to give advice about a
subject
the process of examining the details of
something carefully

suitable or right for a particular situation or

person
to start to happen or exist
to help
help
a quality or characteristic that someone or
something has
a situation, fact, or idea from which
something can develop
soon

Unit 13
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Unit 14

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a very popular book that many people have

bought
always telling other people what to do
a wire covered by plastic that carries
electricity, telephone signals, etc

Her books became bestsellers.

Unit 14

My sister's really bossy.

Unit 14

overhead power cables

Unit 14

bestseller

noun

B2

bossy

adjective

B2

cable

noun

B2

candidate

noun

B2

circuit

noun

C2

circumstances

noun

B2

facts or events that make a situation the way

it is

common sense

noun

B1

the natural ability to be practical and to make The children shouldn't be in any danger as
good decisions
long as they use their common sense.

Unit 14

able to used computers well

Unit 14

computer literate adjective

Interviewers sometimes observe candidates

one of the people taking part in an election or
having group discussions, to see how they
trying to get a job
interact.
a complete circle that an electric current
an electrical circuit
travels around
I usually react to circumstances and tend to
respond to things spontaneously.

You need to be computer literate in this job.

when things must be kept secret, especially in

We expect total confidentiality.
an official situation
when you communicate with someone,
We will certainly contact you if any suitable
especially by speaking to them
vacancies arise in the future.

Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 14

confidentiality

noun

C1

contact

verb

A2

contact details

phrase

A2

contact lens

noun

contribute

verb

B2

to give something or do something in order to Do come to the meeting if you feel you have
achieve something together with other people something to contribute.

Unit 14

contribution

noun

B2

something that you do to help produce or

develop something, or to help make
something successful

Unit 14

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Unit 14

your telephone number, email address, etc.

that people can use to talk or write to you

We have your contact details and we will to

get in touch if we require your assistance.

Unit 14

a small piece of plastic that you put on your

eye to make you see more clearly

I wear contact lenses.

Unit 14

What contributions will you make to good

staff relations?

covering letter

noun

cursor

noun

B2

B1

a letter that you send with something to

explain what it is or to give more information
about it
a symbol on a computer screen which shows
the place where you are working

To get to the interview stage, you really need

to sell yourself in your CV and covering
letter.

Unit 14

Put the cursor at the beginning of the word.

Unit 14

a document which describes your

To get to the interview stage, you really need
qualifications and the jobs you have done,
to sell yourself in your CV and covering
which you send to an employer that you want
letter.
to work for

Unit 14

happening every day as a regular part of your I tend to respond to things on a day-to-day
job or your life
basis.

Unit 14

CV

noun

day-to-day

adjective

decorate

verb

B1

to make something look more attractive by

putting things on it or around it

They decorated the room with balloons for

her party.

Unit 14

desirable

adjective

B2

If something is desirable, it is very good or

attractive and most people would want it.

A good education is highly desirable.

Unit 14

dial

verb

B1

double-glazing

noun

draw on (sth)

phrasal
verb

C1

dump

verb

C2

earpiece

noun

electrify

verb

electrode

noun

enquire

verb

B2

external

adjective

B2

to make a telephone call to a particular

Dial 0 for the operator.
number
windows that have two layers of glass to keep
Does the house have double glazing?
a building warm or quiet
to use your knowledge or experience of
This position will draw on all your skills.
something to help you do something
to suddenly end a romantic relationship
the part of a telephone that you hold near to
your ear
to supply something with electricity
a small object through which an electric
current enters or leaves something
to ask someone for information about
something
relating to the outside part of something

Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 14

Why don't you just dump him?

Unit 14

He tapped the earpiece.

Unit 14

an electrified railway

Unit 14

They attached electrodes to his head.

Unit 14

Are you staying long? she enquired.

Unit 14

the external walls of the house

Unit 14

If two people make eye contact, they look at

each other at the same time.

He refused to make eye contact with me.

Unit 14

a collection of information and documents

about someone or something

Would you mind if we keep your records on

file?

Unit 14

eye contact

noun

file

noun

fingerprint

noun

future

noun

futurologist

noun

gear

noun

B2

a set of parts in a motor vehicle or bicycle that

a mountain bike with 21 gears
control how fast the wheels turn

Unit 14

get in touch

phrase

B1

to communicate with someone by

telephoning them, writing, etc.

We have your contact details and we will get

in touch if we require your assistance.

Unit 14

grade

noun

B1

a number or letter that shows how good

someone's work or performance is

Steve never studies, but he always gets good

grades.

Unit 14

graduate

noun

B2

someone who has studied for and received a

degree (=qualification) from a university

New graduates should usually have some

internship experience.

Unit 14

gratitude

noun

handle (+_ing)

verb

handshake

noun

the action of taking someone's right hand and

He had a firm handshake.
shaking it when you meet or leave each other

Unit 14

high-definition

adjective

using technology that provides very clear,

detailed images

Unit 14

A2

the mark made on something by the pattern The police found fingerprints all over the
of curved lines on the end of someone's finger murder weapon.
B1

the time which is to come

someone who studies the future

the feeling or quality of being grateful

B1

to deal with something

Further into the future, we could very well

have a country-wide transport system of
small electric cars.
I work as a futurologist.

Wed like to express our gratitude for the

efforts you made.
How will you handle living in a closed
community?

a high-definition lens

Unit 14

Unit 14
Unit 14

Unit 14
Unit 14

human resources noun

the department of an organisation that deals

with finding new people to work there,
keeping records about all the organisation's
employees, and helping them with any
problems

She works in human resources.

Unit 14

in place

phrase

B2

in the correct position

I tend to make sure everything's in place.

Unit 14

inch

noun

B1

a unit for measuring length, equal to 2.54

centimetres

The snow was 6 inches deep in some places.

Unit 14

insight

noun

C1

the ability to understand what something is

really like, or an example of this

The book provides a fascinating insight into

the world of art.

Unit 14

intend

verb

B1

to want and plan to do something

What do you intend to do after this job?

Unit 14

interior

noun

B2

noun

interview

noun

kickstart

noun

the grand interior of the hotel

New graduates should usually have some
internship experience.
To get to the interview stage, you really need
to sell yourself in your CV and covering
letter.
I will do my homework - I just need a little
kickstart.

Unit 14

internship

laser

noun

B2

the inside part of something

a period of time spent doing a job as part of
becoming qualified to do it
a meeting in which someone asks you
questions to see if you are suitable for a job or
course
something that makes something start to
happen
a strong beam of light that has medical and
technical uses

a laser beam

Unit 14

lifetime

noun

B2

the period of time that someone is alive

I can't see it happening within my lifetime.

Unit 14

long term

adjective
phrasal
verb

B2

long-term unemployment

Unit 14

note

noun

C1

continuing a long time into the future

thinking about and planning for what will
happen in the future
words that you write down to help you
remember something

objective

noun

B2

something that you are trying to achieve

obsolete
offensive

adjective
adjective

C1
B2

not used now

likely to make people angry or upset

looking ahead

B1

C2

Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 14

Unit 14

I have made a note of your telephone

number.
CVs usually include a main objective, details
of experience and references.
obsolete equipment
an offensive remark

Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 14
Unit 14

a situation in which it is possible for you to do

something, or a possibility of doing
something
to hear what someone is saying when they are
not talking to you
the ability to deal well with people and form
good relationships with them, especially at
work
a small point that forms part of the image on
a computer screen

We were pleased to have the opportunity to

discuss your qualifications and expectations.

Unit 14

I overheard him telling her he was leaving.

Unit 14

You must be able to work independently and

have strong organisational and people skills.

Unit 14

The image is formed of thousands of pixels.

Unit 14

to decide what you are going to do in advance

I like to plan ahead because then I have a

long time to look forward to things

Unit 14

B2

a job

What are your reasons for applying for this

position?

Unit 14

noun

B1

a chance that something may happen or be

true

Theres also the possibility that thought

recognition could allow you to just think a
number instead of dialling it.

Unit 14

predict

verb

B1

prior to

phrase

C1

to say what you think will happen in the

future
before a particular time or event

I predict that mobile phones will become

obsolete by 2020.
three weeks prior to her death

prolong

verb

C1

to make something last longer

Eating a good diet can prolong your life.

Unit 14

promote

verb

B2

to advertise something

The band is promoting their new album.

Unit 14

prototype

noun

the first model or example of something new

that can be developed or copied in the future

a prototype for a new car

Unit 14

quote

noun

C2

We got three quotes for the work.

Unit 14

rail

noun

C2

The train travels along the rails.

Unit 14

react

verb

B2

I usually react to circumstances and tend to

respond to things spontaneously.

Unit 14

opportunity

noun

B1

overhear

verb

C2

people skills

phrase

pixel

noun

plan ahead

phrasal
verb

B1

position

noun

possibility

a document or a statement saying how much

a piece of work will cost
the metal tracks that trains run on
to say, do, or feel something because of
something else that has been said or done

Unit 14
Unit 14

record

noun

B2

information that is written on paper or stored

Would you mind if we keep your records on
on computer so that it can be used in the
file?
future

Unit 14

reference

noun

B2

a letter that is written by someone who knows

CVs usually include a main objective, details
you, to say if you are suitable for a job or
of experience and references.
course

Unit 14

relentless

adjective

never stopping or getting any less extreme

relentless criticism

Unit 14

residence

noun

a building where someone lives

the Queen's official residence

Unit 14

retina

noun

rut

noun

salary

C2

a part at the back of the eye, which is affected

a damaged retina
by light and sends messages to the brain

Unit 14

C2

a bad situation where you do the same things

all the time, or where it is impossible to make I need to get out of this rut.
progress

Unit 14

noun

B1

a fixed amount of money that you receive

from your employer, usually every month

short term

adjective

B2

sledding

noun

solar panel

noun

solar power

noun

spontaneous

adjective

spontaneously

adverb

spur

noun

C2

steer

verb

B2

lasting a short time

the activity of sliding over snow and ice on a
long platform with strips of wood or metal
under it
a device that changes energy from the sun
into electricity
energy that comes from the sun
doing things suddenly and without planning
them

Usually people dont ask about salary and

but its discussed later when they offer you
something.
short-term memory

Unit 14
Unit 14

Free time activities include dog sledding.

Unit 14

We installed solar panels in our house.

Unit 14

We want to use more solar power.

Unit 14

I tend to be quite spontaneous.

Unit 14

I usually react to circumstances and tend to

respond to things spontaneously.

Unit 14

If you do something on the spur of the

moment, you do it suddenly, without
planning it.

I usually act on the spur of the moment.

Unit 14

to control the direction of a vehicle

I tried to steer the boat away from the bank.

Unit 14

a good quality or ability that makes someone

or something effective
feeling surprise because something has
happened that you did not expect
television
extremely small
a general development or change in a
situation

What would you say are your greatest

strengths?
Id be surprised if a prototype isnt available
in about five years.
What's on the telly tonight?
a tiny baby
There's a trend towards more locally
produced television programmes.

strength

noun

C1

surprised

adjective

A2

telly
tiny

noun
adjective

C1
B1

trend

noun

B1

unspoiled

adjective

C1

An unspoiled place is beautiful because it has

an island with clean, unspoiled beaches
not been changed or damaged by people.

Unit 14

upload

verb

B1

to copy computer programs or information

electronically, usually from a small computer I uploaded some of the images.
to a larger one or to the Internet

Unit 14

vacancy

noun

C1

a job that is available for someone to do

vast

adjective

B2

vehicle

noun

B1

extremely big
something such as a car or bus that takes
people from one place to another, especially
using roads

cover letter

noun

Tell me if you hear of any vacancies for

secretaries.
a vast amount of money
The driver of the vehicle was unhurt.

the American term for covering letter; a letter

that you send with something else, to explain I sent the goods with a cover letter.
what you are sending

Unit 14
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