Bicol University

College of Engineering
Legazpi City

COMBINED
CYCLE POWER

PLANT

Submitted by:
Aon, Alfred M.
Flores, Mark Owen C.
Gregorio, Kevin Acosta
Mujar, Faye Metzi B.
BSME 5A

Submitted to:
Engr. Eduardo Borromeo,
PME

An Overview of Combined Cycle Power Plant

The Combined Cycle Power Plant or combined cycle gas turbine, a gas turbine
generator generates electricity and waste heat is used to make steam to generate
additional electricity via a steam turbine. The gas turbine is one of the most efficient one
for the conversion of gas fuels to mechanical power or electricity. The use of distillate
liquid fuels, usually diesel, is also common as alternate fuels.
More recently, as simple cycle efficiencies have improved and as natural gas
prices have fallen, gas turbines have been more widely adopted for base load power
generation, especially in combined cycle mode, where waste heat is recovered in waste
heat boilers, and the steam used to produce additional electricity. This system is known
as a Combined Cycle. The basic principle of the Combined Cycle is simple: burning gas
in a gas turbine (GT) produces not only power which can be converted to electric
power by a coupled generator but also fairly hot exhaust gases.
A Combined Cycle Power Plant produces high power outputs at high efficiencies
(up to 55%) and with low emissions. In a Conventional power plant we are getting 33%
electricity only and remaining 67% as waste. By using combined cycle power plant we
are getting 68% electricity.
Mechanism
Combined cycle power plant as in name suggests, it combines existing gas and
steam technologies into one unit, yielding significant improvements in thermal efficiency
over conventional steam plant. In a CCGT plant the thermal efficiency is extended to
approximately 50-60 per cent, by piping the exhaust gas from the gas turbine into a heat
recovery steam generator.
However the heat recovered in this process is sufficient to drive a steam turbine with an
electrical output of approximately 50 per cent of the gas turbine generator. The gas
turbine and steam turbine are coupled to a single generator. For startup, or open cycle
operation of the gas turbine alone, the steam turbine can be disconnected using a
hydraulic clutch. In terms of overall investment a single-shaft system is typically about 5
per cent lower in cost, with its operating simplicity typically leading to higher reliability.
Combined Cycle Power Plant consists of the following parts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Boiler
Gas Turbine
Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
Inlet of Fuel
Inlet of Air
Condenser
Water
Generator for first cycle
Generator for second cycle

Detailed steps for the working of Combined Cycle power plant:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

In the Combined Cycle power plant, the first cycle if of thermal or gas plant and
the second cycle is of Steam power plant mostly.
In the first cycle, The Air gets into the compressor with the help of inlet.
It gets passed to the combustion chamber where the fuel is also supplied.
The combustion takes place in the combustion chamber and the heat generated
is used for the generation of power from the turbine.
The turbine blades get rotated and the power or energy gets generated.
The hot gases coming out of the cycle and the part of combustion takes place in
the boiler.
Boiler is a place where the temperature can be raised for liquid or gaseous
mixtures.
The water supplied to the next cycle is from the boiler.
So the available heat from the boiler is transferred to the water sent from the
turbine.
The water gets heated and gets converted into steam.
The steam generated in this processes sent to the turbine with the help of a
nozzle to increase the velocity of the steam.
Once the steam is sent to the turbine, the turbine blades gets rotated and energy
is produced.
The steam is sent out to the condenser from which it is sent out or can be further
re used.
In both the power plants, generators are used for the generation of power.

15.

Generator converts the Mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy.

This is known as Combined Cycle power plant and this is the working.
Advantages of applying Combined Cycle Power Plant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The power generated by both the Combined Cycle power plants is more when
compared to single plant.
The Thermal efficiency and Mechanical efficiency of the Combined Cycle power
plant is more, even than Hydro power plant.
The overall efficiency of this plant is very high when compared to any type of
plant.
The cost of the fuel is very cheap.
The availability of the fuel is abundant in nature.
It does not cause pollution to atmosphere as it is further used to reduce the
effects in the environment.
The Combined Cycle power plant is more suitable for quick starting and stopping
even in the times of extreme cold and hot temperatures.
These accept varying loads and can be used as Base load and Peak load plants.
Low Operational cost.

Disadvantages of Combined Cycle Power Plants

1.
2.
3.
4.

High Maintenance cost of the plant.

The initial cost of the plant is very high when compared to simple power plants.
Trouble in the first plant causes the second plant malfunctioning.
Trouble in the first plant causes the entire plant to be shut down.

Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant

The Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant located in Ilijan, Batangas is the largest
natural gas facility in the country comprising 1200 MW combined-cycle, dual-fuel
electricity generation facilities with a design life of 25 years. Natural gas is the cleanest
of all fossil fuels--synchronized with the Philippine government's efforts in promoting
sustainable and ecologically-sound economic development through the delivery of clean
power.
The plant is principally designed to operate as a base-load unit using natural gas from
the Malampaya gas fields in Palawan, with diesel as back-up promoting an
ecologically sound operating environment. Integrated plant controls based on the ABB
Bailey distributed digital control system enable plant operators to run the plant safely
and effectively.
KEPCO bagged the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract for the construction of the
Ilijan plant after fierce competition against seven international independent power
producers (IPPs). It established KEPCO Ilijan Corporation (KEILCO) a consortium
composed of pillars in the energy business: KEPCO, Mitsubishi Corporation (Japan),
TeaM Energy Corporation - Tokyo Electric (Japan) & Marubeni (Japan) and Kyushu
Electric (Japan) to implement the BOT Project on September 12, 1997.
In February 2014, KEPCO Ilijan Corporation (KEILCO) was named as one of the top ten
industries to have shown exemplary environmental performance during the Philippine
Environment Partnership Program (PEPP) awarding ceremonies by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). This is the second time the company
received such award, the first was last October 2011. KEILCO was cited for its
environmental programs, such as Balik Baterya, Green Procurement, Pawikan
Conservation, and for being active in coastal cleanup and tree planting activities.

KEILCO was also named as the Environmental Company of the Year in the 2009 Asian
Power Awards, and in 2013 received the prestigious Excellence in Ecology and
Economy (E3) Award from the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI).
The Safety Organization of the Philippines, Inc., granted KEPCO Ilijan Corporation an
Award of Honor, last November 7, 2016, in recognition of its achievement in attaining
3,395,532.00 Safe Man-Hours continuously without Lost Time Accident (LTA) since
March 2005 to August 2016.
Project overview
Ilijan, which is one of NPC's first natural gasfired power plants, is located on a 60-acre
site at Arenas Point, Barangay Ilijan, Batangas City, in Southern Luzon, Philippines
(Figure 1). The plant, which is designed to be dispatched (Figure 2) and to operate at or
near full load, consists of two 600-MW (nominal) power blocks. Each block consists of
two Mitsubishi M501gas turbines with a nominal rating of 200 MW, two Babcock-Hitachi
heat-recovery steam generators (HRSGs), and one Mitsubishi TC2F-40 steam turbine
with a nominal rating of 242 MW. The plant is rated at 1,251 MW (net) on the highvoltage side of the main transformers. The gas turbines' primary fuel is natural gas, with
diesel oil as a backup. The diesel is stored in three on-site storage tanks that are
replenished through an offshore diesel fuelunloading terminal.
1. Ilijan site.

The 1,200-MW Ilijan combined-cycle plant is located on a 60-acre site at Arenas Point,
Barangay Ilijan, Batangas City, in southern Luzon, Philippines. The plant has two power
blocks, each a 2 x 1 configuration based on the Mitsubishi 501G gas turbine.

2. Controls.

Ilijan's instrumentation and control system helps plant operators run the plant safely,
reliably, and economically. The integrated plant controls are based on the ABB Bailey
distributed digital control system.
NPC's 500-kV transmission line connects to the Luzon grid through the existing
Tayabas-Dasmarinas line in Alaminos, Laguna, about 40 miles away. NPC supplies
natural gas to Ilijan through a 300-mile undersea pipeline from the Camago-Malampaya
field in Palawan to the Shell refinery in Tabangao. From there, the gas is transported
through a 16-in-diameter onshore pipeline running 9 miles to the plant.

. First international installation.

The Mitsubishi G series gas turbines operate with a turbine inlet temperature of 2,730F
and use steam to cool their combustor liners. This is the first 501G placed into
commercial service outside Japan. The first 60-Hz 501G has been in commercial
operation at Mitsubishi's in-house plant since 1997. In 1999, two 50-Hz M701G gas
turbines were put into commercial operation at Tohoku Electric Power Co.'s Higashi
Niigata power plant.

Project Description

Plant Parameters and Production Capacity in MW hrs

Operating Hours of Ilijan Combined Cycle Power Plant

Plant Specification of Ilijan Combined Cycle Power Plant

Plant
Ilijan
Cycle Power Plant

Layout
Combine

The Ilijan Plant is an advanced combined cycle power plant, the largest in the
Philippines, with a rated capacity of 1,251 MW.

of

The plant consists of two blocks, each of which is composed of a combination of

two gas turbines and one steam turbine, commonly referred to as a 2 on 1
configuration. The total rated output of the plant is 1 251 MW at its transmitting end. The
two gas turbines adopted are MHIs M501G type gas turbines, whereas the steam
turbine is a tandem compound double flow exhaust type turbine that is designed based
on the latest MHI technologies.
A horizontal triple pressure reheat system has been adopted for the heat
recovery boiler that combines the fuel gas-heating system effectively through the use of
boiler feed water. Thermistor starting systems have been applied for the generators for
convenient starting and stopping A dual fuel firing system has been adopted so that gas
oil can also be fired as a back-up fuel, for ensuring the stable supply of electricity even if
the supply of the main fuel, natural gas is interrupted. This plant achieved the assured
levels of performance and was delivered in May 2002. A magnificent completion
ceremony was held with the President of the Philippines in attendance in November
2002. The plant has been operating smoothly ever since.