Mehta, Rajpal 1

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Images
Acosta, Manuel Gregorio. Cesar Chavez.
Time, 4 July 1969,
content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19690704,00.html. Accessed 8 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of Cesar Chavez on the Time Magazine cover. We used this for the
Setting an Example web page slideshow.
Bengali Famine of 1943 caused by brutal British conditions. Washington State
University,
history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2014/2014/12/05/india-in-the-age-of-british-imperial
ism/. Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This photograph portrays nine starving Indians during the time of the Bengali Famine of
1943. This picture was used in the British Rule webpage.
Bourke-White, Margaret. A convoy of Sikhs migrating to East Punjab in October, 1947.
Oct. 1947. The New Yorker, Conde Nast,
www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/08/13/exit-wounds. Accessed 22 Jan. 2017.
This photograph depicts Sikh people migrating to East Punjab as an effect of the Partition
of India. We used this for the Partition of India webpage.
---. Partition displaced fifteen million people and killed more than a million. The New
Yorker, Conde Nast,
www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/the-great-divide-books-dalrymple.
Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.

This image symbolizes the bloodshed that was involved within the Partition of India. We
used this for the Partition of India webpage.
---. Young Pakistan
. Dec. 1947. Getty Images,
www.gettyimages.com/purchase/cart#?currentPage=1&sortBy=DateAddedToCart.
Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of a large crowd of Pakistani soldiers one day after their country was
formed. We used this photo for our home page.
B.R.

Ambedkar. ANC Karnataka, Wikimedia Commons,

anckarnataka.page.tl/Breif-History-Of-Dr-.-B-.-R-Ambedkar-.-.htm. Accessed 8
Jan. 2017.

Mehta, Rajpal 2

This is a portrait of B.R. Ambedkar, an Indian jurist and a primary architect in building
the Indian Constitution. We used this for the Gandhis Philosophy.
British

Imperialism. Washington State University,

history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2014/2014/12/05/india-in-the-age-of-british-imperial
ism/. Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This painting depicts British officials waving the British flag next to an elephant carrying
Indian officials. We used this image for the British Rule webpage.

Chaliapin, Boris. The Dalai Lama. Time, 20 Apr. 1959,

content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19590420,00.html. Accessed 8 Jan. 2017.
This is a Time Magazine cover of the 14th Dalai Lama. We used this image for our
Setting an Example slideshow.

Conflict in India when Britain leaves. Odyssey,

www.theodysseyonline.com/historical-grudges. Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This is a political cartoon depicting the conflict in India when Indian independence from
Britain is finally granted. We used this image on our Partition of India page.
Delano Grape Strike. Latin Post,
www.latinpost.com/articles/82112/20150926/delano-grape-strike-50th-anniversary-h
istoric-labor-rights-movement.htm. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is a photograph of Cesar Chavez and other workers protesting in the Delano Grape
Strike. We used this image for our Future Nonviolent Protests timeline.
Desfor, Max. Nehru

addresses the public in Delhi after Gandhis funeral. Open, Srijan

Technologies, www.openthemagazine.com/article/voices/a-thought-for-the-fettered.
Accessed 22 Jan. 2017.

This is a photograph of Jawaharlal Nehru making his The Light Has Gone Out of Our
Lives while the Indian flag waves at half-mast. We used this image on our Influence on
the Indian People page.
First Flag Hoist of an Independent India. 15 Aug. 1947. Bro 4 U,
bro4u.com/blog/rare-pictures-of-indias-first-independence-day/. Accessed 31 Dec.
2016.
This is an image of people crowding around as the Indian flag is raised for the first time.
We used this in our Summary of Gandhis Life timeline for the first Indian Independence
day event.

Mehta, Rajpal 3

Gandhis body in Birla House, New Delhi. Andhra and Telagana Wishesh, Andhrawishesh,
www.andhrawishesh.com/slide-shows/7910-mahatma-gandhi-s-last-journey/205357mahatma-gandhi-s-last-journey.html. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of Gandhi on his deathbed after being killed by Nathuram Godse. We
used this for the Gandhi Assassinated event in our timeline that summarizes Gandhis
life.
Gandhi (centre) is pictured with other Indian resistance leaders in South Africa. The
London School of Economics and Political Science, London School of Economics,
blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2013/06/26/mahatma-gandhi-and-south-africa/. Accessed
22 Jan. 2017.
This photograph shows Gandhi and other resistance leaders in South Africa. This image
was good for the South African Protests webpage.
Gandhi during the Salt March, March 1930. Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation,
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt_March. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of Gandhi leading a giant crowd of people to the Arabian Sea for the
Salt March. We used this for our Taking a Stand webpage.
Gandhi farewell meeting in Durban, South Africa. Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia
Foundation,
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi_farwell_meeting_Durban_1914.jpg.
Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of Gandhi leaving South Africa after reaching a compromise with the
South African government to get closer to ending racial inequality. We used this for the
event on our timeline for the protests led by Gandhi in South Africa in the Gandhis Life
timeline.
Gandhi giving a speech about nonviolence. Mankind Heroes,
www.mankindheroes.com/politicians/mahatma-gandhi/mahatma-gandhi-speech/.
Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
This image depicts Mahatma Gandhi giving a speech about nonviolence to what seems to
be an Indian crowd. We used this picture for our Long-Lasting Effect webpage.
Gandhi standing next to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan. Swarajya, Quintype,
swarajyamag.com/politics/gandhi-and-his-fasts. Accessed 30 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of Gandhi standing next to the future founder of the country Pakistan,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This is an example of how - by using nonviolence - Gandhi

Mehta, Rajpal 4

managed to get the attention of numerous officials. We used this in our Taking a Stand
webpage in our website.
General Smuts: South Africa. The Spectator,
www.spectator.co.uk/2010/04/a-firm-believer-in-leniency/. Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This is a image of Jan Smuts, the man responsible for negotiating a treaty with Gandhi in
South Africa. We used it on our South African Protests page.
George Orwell. BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/orwell_george.shtml.
Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of George Orwell, who is the author of the Orwell Diaries, which
described the events in India and the beginning of World War II from 1938-1942. We
used this photograph on our British Rule webpage.
Guha, Ramachandra. Gandhi before India. The Telegraph: Calcutta, India, 29 Nov. 2013,
www.telegraphindia.com/1131129/jsp/opinion/story_17618452.jsp#.WH1orPkrJPZ.
Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa before the start of the Indian
independence movement. We used this image in our Previous Experiences webpage.
Image of Mahatma Gandhi as a kid. India - Mini Guide, Taj Travel India Miniguide,
www.taj-travel-india-miniguide.com/mahatma-gandhi.html. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of Mahatma Gandhi when he was young. We are using this on our
timeline that summarizes Gandhis life.
Indian Air Force Officers Arrive in London on October 8, 1940. The Times of India, Times
Internet,
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/World-War-II-Indian-pilot-honoured-with-statue
-in-UK/articleshow/45319912.cms. Accessed 18 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of a group of Indian Air Force officers during World War II.
Accordingly, we used this image for our World War II section in the background main
page.
Indian Nationalist Leader Mahatma Gandhi and Politician Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, with a
Garland, during the Salt March Protesting against the Government Monopoly on Salt
Production. 1930. About Education, About,
history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/fl/Gandhis-Salt-March.htm. Accessed 29 Dec.
2016.

Mehta, Rajpal 5

This is an image of Gandhi leading the Salt March, which was a protest against the
British governments monopoly on salt. We used this image for our timeline.
Keystone. Devers Inspects. Getty Images, www.gettyimages.com/license/3276825. Accessed
16 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of General Jacob Devers training a group of soldiers from Punjab, India.
This photograph was used for the World War II slideshow.
---. Fasting Gandhi. Getty Images, www.gettyimages.com/license/2628246. Accessed 16 Jan.
2017.
This is a photograph of Gandhi in his prison cell writing letters during one of his fasts.
We used this photo for our home page.
---. Leaving India. 1947. Getty Images,
www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/one-of-30-special-trains-leaving-new-delhistation-which-news-photo/3336844#7th-august-1947-one-of-30-special-trains-leaving
-new-delhi-station-picture-id3336844. Accessed 17 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of Pakistani government officials leaving on a train to Pakistan. This
represents the start of a new nation, and used in our website.
---. Punjabi Pilot. 1941. Getty Images, www.gettyimages.com/license/3279090. Accessed 16
Jan. 2017.
This is an image of a pilot from Punjab working in the British Air Force during World
War II. This image was used in our World War II webpage.
Letter from Gandhi to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Help for Researchers, British Library
Board,
www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/indiannat/source3
/index.html. Accessed 30 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of the letter sent to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin from Gandhi addressing the
Salt March and the flaw in the governing system at the time. We used this in our timeline
for the web page on Famous Protests.
Mahatma Gandhi giving the Quit India speech on August 8, 1942, on the eve of the Quit
India movement. The India Times,
www.indiatimes.com/news/india/10-iconic-pictures-of-the-quit-india-movement-that
-will-take-you-back-to-indias-struggle-for-independence-243973.html. Accessed 29
Dec. 2016.

Mehta, Rajpal 6

This is an iconic image of Gandhi during the Quit India movement in 1942. We used this
image for our Famous Protests interactive timeline.
Mahatma Gandhi, Man of the Year. Time, 2016,
content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19310105,00.html?iid=sr-link7. Accessed 22
Dec. 2016.
This is the cover of a Time magazine in 1931 showing that Mahatma Gandhi was the
Man of the Year. We are using this on the home page of our website.
Malala Yousafzai. Time, time100.time.com/2013/04/18/cover-shots/slide/malala-yousafzai/.
Accessed 18 Jan. 2017.
This is an Time Magazine image of womens education revolutionary Malala Yousafzai.
This image was utilized for the Setting an Example webpage.
The Marquess of Linlithgow. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow. Accessed 2 Jan.
2017.
This photograph portrays Victor Hope, who was in the British government and was
involved in the effort to help India set up its new government. We used this photograph
on our World War II page on our website.
Martin Luther King Jr. The Seattle Times, Seattle Times Company,
old.seattletimes.com/special/mlk/. Accessed 30 Dec. 2016.
This image portrays one of Americas most famous freedom fighters, Martin Luther King
Junior. His Civil Rights Movement was heavily influenced by Gandhis revolution,
which is what we are trying to capture in our Gandhis Footsteps webppage, where it
discusses his nonviolent methods future implications.
Martin Luther King Jr. 3 Jan. 1964. Time,
content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19640103,00.html. Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This is a Time Magazine depicting Martin Luther King Jr. as Times Man of the Year.
We used this image in our Setting an Example slideshow.
Natal Indian Congress. Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa, gandhi.southafrica.net/. Accessed
18 Jan. 2017.
This image depicts Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa with the Indian Natal Congress.
This was used for the South Africa section in the Background webpage.

Mehta, Rajpal 7

Nathuram Godse. The Times of India, Times Group,

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nathuram-Godse-wanted-rebirth-to-kill-Gandhiagain/articleshow/46060245.cms. Accessed 2 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of Nathuram Godse, the person who killed Mahatma Gandhi. We used
this on our Gandhis Philosophy page to help viewers visualize Godse.
People gathered at Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream speech. 28 Aug. 1963. The
Atlantic, Atlantic Monthly Group,
www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/beyond-the-dream-the-lesser-knownmoments-of-the-march-on-washington/284011/. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This photograph depicts thousands of people gathered around the Washington monument
to listen to Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream speech. We used this in our Future
Nonviolent Protests timeline.
People gathered to protest the Bantu Education Act. 16 June 1976. South African History
Online, www.sahistory.org.za/topic/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising. Accessed 31 Dec.
2016.
Pictured here, students are protesting the Bantu Education Act of 1953.
This image was used for the Future Nonviolent Protests timeline.
Photograph of Mahatma Gandhi. Metro Vaartha,
metrovaartha.com/en/2015/10/02/nation-remembers-mahatma-gandhi-on-146th-birt
h-anniversary/. Accessed 19 Dec. 2016.
This is an photograph of Mahatma Gandhi. We used this image on the homepage of our
website.
PhotoQuest. Portrait of Prime Minister Nehru. 1961. Getty Images,
www.gettyimages.com/license/525184197. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1961. We used this image for
the Freedom of Pakistan and India webpage.
Picture of Bhagat Singh. Cultural India, CulturalIndia.net,
www.culturalindia.net/leaders/bhagat-singh.html. Accessed 4 Jan. 2017.
This is a portrait of anti-Gandhi nationalist, Bhagat Singh. We used this picture in the
Gandhis Philosophy slideshow.
A portrait of Gandhi on the Delhi Police headquarters, January 29. The Wall Street
Journal, Dow Jones Company,
blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/02/13/how-gandhi-made-it-to-delhi-polices-headq
uarters/. Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.

Mehta, Rajpal 8

This image depicts the mural of Gandhi in the New Delhi Police Headquarters. We used
this in our Home page slideshow.
Qaid-e-Azam. Embassy of Pakistan: Brussels, Belgium,
embassyofpakistan.be/site/qaid-e-azam/. Accessed 15 Jan. 2017.
This is a picture of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the man who led the movement for a country
of Pakistan separate from India. We used this image on our Freedom of India and
Pakistan page of our website.
Rosa Parks sits in the front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, after the US Supreme Court
ruled segregation illegal on the citys bus system. 1956. ABC,
www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-05/rosa-parks-honoured-by-virginia-bus-company-on
-birthday/7143816. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is an image of Rosa Parks sitting in a Montgomery bus proceeding abolishment of
bus segregation. We used this image in our Future Nonviolent Protests timeline in our
Setting an Example Webpage.
STR. Jawaharlal Nehru, Indias First Prime Minister. 14 Aug. 1947. Getty Images,
www.gettyimages.com/license/103933297. Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of Jawaharlal Nehru making his speech, Tryst with Destiny, on
the day before India is given independence. We used this image on our Freedom of India
and Pakistan page.
Taking his last meal before going on fast in Rajkot. 1939. Swarajya, Quintype,
swarajyamag.com/politics/gandhi-and-his-fasts. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of Gandhi taking his last meal before embarking on a 21-day fast in
Rajkot. We used this in our Home page slideshow.
Times of India newspaper declaring Pakistan and Indias freedom. 1947. Scroll.in,
scroll.in/article/748690/how-indian-newspapers-reported-independence-and-partitio
n-in-1947. Accessed 22 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of a 1947 newspaper announcing that Pakistan and India were
officially free from British sovereignty. We used this for the Freedom of India and
Pakistan webpage.
Topcial Press Agency. Rifle Practice. 1940. Getty Images,
www.gettyimages.com/license/3309834. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.

Mehta, Rajpal 9

This photograph from 1940 depicts Indian marksman practicing their shot. This image
was useful in the World War II slideshow.
Widener, Jeff. Tank Man Temporarily Stops the Advance of a Column of Tanks. 5 June
1989. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Man.
Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This is a photograph of the Tank Man, the person who stood in front of the tanks
during the Tiananmen Square. This image is present in our Future Nonviolent Protests
timeline.
Books
Ambedkar, B. R. The Real Key to Destroying Caste Is Rejection of the Shastras.
Annihilation of Caste, by Ambedkar, Columbia University Center for New Media
Teaching and Learning, pp. 30-31. Columbia: Center for Teaching and Learning,
Columbia University Center for New Media Teaching and Learning,
ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/ambedkar/web/readings/aoc_print_2004.pdf.
Accessed 1 Jan. 2017. Speech.
This speech transcript presents the ideas of the author, B. R. Ambedkar, on the caste
system in India, and how and why to get rid of it. This source was important because it
represented another view compared to the view of Mahatma Gandhi.
Fischer, Louis, editor. The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology. Pearson Education,
wps.pearsoncustom.com/wps/media/objects/2426/2484749/chap_assets/documents/d
oc32_2.html. Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This is a book compiling many of Gandhis famous words and also consists of primary
documents. In this specific section of the book, insights about the Partition of India by
Gandhi are provided, and this proved to be important for our Partition of India
webpage.
Gandhi, M. K. The Doctrine of the Sword. My Nonviolence, compiled by Sailesh Kumar
Bandopadhyaya, Navajivan Publishing House,
www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/my_nonviolence.pdf. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
In this section, Gandhi describes his beliefs of nonviolence and why he believes
nonviolence will help India gain independence. This book is important because it shows
the ideas that became a fundamental part in achieving Indian independence.
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. An Autobiography or the Story of My Experiments with
Truth. Navajivan Publishing House.

Mehta, Rajpal 10

This is an autobiography from Gandhi. It provided a lot of information about Gandhis

life from a primary perspective, along with his viewpoints on many topics, such as his
protests. A lot of this information proved to be vital in citing quotes for our website.
---. The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi Research Foundation,
www.mkgandhi.org/momgandhi/chap06.htm. Accessed 19 Jan. 2017.
This section in the book focuses mainly on one of Gandhis most famous forms of
protest, fasting. There were many good quotes that could be utilized in our Gandhis
Protests webpage, seeing as how it is a primary account.
King, Martin Luther, Jr. Stride toward Freedom. 2012. The King Center,
www.thekingcenter.org/news/2012-10-gandhis-birthday-dr-kings-tributes-mahatma.
Accessed 8 Jan. 2017.
This book provided a quote from Martin Luther King Jr. about Gandhi. We used this
quote in our Setting an Example slideshow.
Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. New Delhi, Oxford UP, 1985. Funmaza Display,
varunkamboj.typepad.com/files/the-discovery-of-india-1.pdf. Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.
This is a book written by Jawaharlal Nehru, a leader of the Indian independence
movement, while he was imprisoned, about his thoughts on Indias history, such as the
idea that India has a long history of peace, and that Britain didnt bring peace to India for
the first time. This source was important because it provided a summary of the ideas that
led to the movement for Indian independence.
Webpages
The Assassination of Gandhi, 1948. EyeWitness to History, Ibis Communications,
www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gandhi.htm. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This article summarizes the events of the murder of Gandhi, using both the authors
words and first hand accounts. This source is important because it shows the opinion of
several people of Gandhi and his murder.
Collins, Lee Joanne. Gandhis Salt March. About Education, About, 12 Nov. 2015,
history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/fl/Gandhis-Salt-March.htm. Accessed 29 Dec.
2016.
This website provided the image of Gandhis Salt March. We used it in our interactive
timeline for our website.
Punamia, Mimansha. Bhagat Singhs Quotes from His Notebook. Daily News and
Analysis, Diligent Media, 21 Mar. 2014,

Mehta, Rajpal 11

www.dnaindia.com/india/report-must-read-bhagat-singh-s-quotes-from-his-jail-note
book-1971100. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
This webpage provides the notebook entries of Bhagat Singh, an anti-Gandhi socialist,
while he was in prison. These quotes give ideas of his philosophy and what he thought
about nonviolence in general. This was important for the Gandhis Philosophy
webpage, and more specifically its opposition.
Maps
Rand McNallys Late 1947 View of Partition. 1947. The Process of Partition, 1947, Columbia
University,
www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/modern/maps1947/maps1947.ht
ml. Accessed 21 Dec. 2016. Map.
This is a map showing how previously British-controlled India is going to be divided into
modern-day Pakistan and India by the Partition of India. We are using this map on our
Partition of India page of our website.
Magazines
Talbot, Phillips. Delhi, Capital of a New Dominion. National Geographic Virtual Library,
National Geographic Magazine, 1947. National Geographic Virtual Library,
tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/3fr9k3. Accessed 8 Sept. 2016. Originally published in
National Geographic Magazine, Nov. 1947, pp. 597-630.
The author describes the history of Indias change of rulers as well as describing Delhis
situation and the problems of overpopulation and the lack of self-government for the
citizens of the city. This article shows the thoughts of the world after the freedom of India
as well as the current problems that needed to be dealt with in Delhi.
Speeches
"British Policy in India (1946)." Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2016,
dailylife.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1546908. Accessed 6 Nov. 2016.
This speech outlines the goals of the British government to give India freedom and the
recommendations for Indias future government. This shows the desire of the British
people to grant Indias independence after Indias help in World War II as well as the
conflicts and disagreements between Muslims and Hindus in India at the time.
Churchill, Winston. Prime Minister Winston Churchills Announcement to the House of
Commons of Sir Stafford Cripps Mission to India. 11 Mar. 1942. Internet Indian
History Sourcebook, edited by Paul Halsall, Fordham University, 16 Sept. 1997,
www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1942/420311a.html. Accessed 1 Dec. 2016. Speech.

Mehta, Rajpal 12

This statement summarizes the British governments desire to make India a free,
self-governing nation, and what they were planning to do to achieve this. This shows how
the Indian participation and help in World War II led to the independence of India.
Godse, Nathuram. Why I Killed Gandhi. 8 Nov. 1949. Scribd,
www.scribd.com/document/42921904/Why-i-Killed-Gandhi. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
Reading.
This is the court statement of Nathuram Godse, the murderer of Mohandas Karamchand
Gandhi, when he is on trial for Gandhis murder. This source was important because it
provided the opposing ideas to Gandhis philosophy, which increased the variety of point
of views in our project.
Gyatso, Tenzin. Speech. 4 Jan. 2012. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Office of
His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 4 Jan. 2012,
www.dalailama.com/news/post/784-homepage--news--the-dalai-lama-receives-mahat
ma-gandhi-international-award-in-bodh-gaya--the-dalai-lama-receives-mahatma-ga
ndhi-international-award-in-bodh-gaya. Accessed 8 Jan. 2017.
This is a speech by the 14th Dalai Lama that he orated when he received the Mahatma
Gandhi award. We used a quote by him that acknowledged Gandhi in our Setting an
Example slideshow.
Hope, Victor. August Offer. 8 Aug. 1940. David Steinbergs Place, 22 July 2015,
www.houseofdavid.ca/in_a_off.htm. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017. Speech.
This is a statement by the British government during World War II stating that they
intend to bring Indians into the government and to create a council involving Indians to
advise on issues involving the war. This is important because it shows the effects of
Indian help in World War II.
"Mohandas Gandhi: Speech to Indian National Congress (1942)." Daily Life through
History, ABC-CLIO, 2016, dailylife.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1546894. Accessed
24 Oct. 2016.
Gandhis speech shows his logic and how he comes to the conclusion that he supports the
war against the Axis powers despite his aversion to violence. This shows how Gandhi
thought of freedom and equality is more important than nonviolence in a few cases.
"Jawaharlal Nehru: Speech on Indian Independence (1947)." Daily Life through History,
ABC-CLIO, 2016, dailylife.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1546898. Accessed 28 Oct.
2016.

Mehta, Rajpal 13

This speech describes the joy in India of their liberty and the hard work ahead of them in
order to achieve their goals of justice and equality for all. This shows the overall attitude
of the country of India toward their newly received freedom.
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Comments on the Assassination of M.K. Gandhi. 30 Jan. 1948.
The Search for the Real Jinnah, by Hasan Askari Rizv. National Institute of
Historical & Cultural Research,
www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2026-1%202005/2-Search%20for
%20the%20Real%20Jinnah.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017. Reading.
This is a statement from Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the first president of Pakistan, after
Gandhi was murdered. This source was important because it showed the effect that he
had on people that he had worked with throughout his life, including Jinnah, who was a
political rival of Gandhi.
---. Muhammad Ali Jinnahs First Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of
Pakistan. 11 Aug. 1947. Columbia University,
www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_jinnah_assembly_1947.htm
l. Accessed 15 Jan. 2017. Speech.
This is a speech by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the movement for Pakistani
independence, after he has been chosen as the first president of Pakistan, where he lists
his goals of unity of all religions in Pakistan, as well as describing the crimes that he
wants to work to prevent, such as the use of the black market. This source is important
because it shows the views of Muhammad Ali Jinnah on various topics, such as the
Partition of India.
Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Light Has Gone out of Our Lives. 30 Jan. 1948. History Study
Center, ProQuest, 1999,
gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:ho-us&rft_dat=
xri:ho:sup_ref:pts00080. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016. Speech.
This speech addresses how many people are deeply affected by the death of Mahatma
Gandhi and the goals of India as they move forward. This is important because it shows
how big of an impact Gandhis ideas and actions had on all of India.
Yousafzai, Malala. Speech at the Youth Takeover of the United Nations. 12 July 2013.
Theirworld, 2016,
theirworld.org/explainers/malala-yousafzais-speech-at-the-youth-takeover-of-the-un
ited-nations. Accessed 14 Jan. 2017. Speech.
This is a speech by Malala Yousafzai that summarizes her beliefs that everyone deserves
the right to live in peace and be educated, and her influences, including Mahatma Gandhi.
This source was important because it shows another example of how Gandhi influenced
the world and we used this quote on our Setting an Example page.

Mehta, Rajpal 14

Letters or Memos
Attlee, Clement. The Indian Political Situation. Feb. 1942. British Library,
www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/ww2/ww21/index.
html. Accessed 19 Jan. 2017. Memo.
This memorandum written by the Lord Privy Seal, Clement Attlee addresses Indian
military effort in World War II. It provides a primary perspective on Indians from a
British military leader along with information regarding other groups as well. We used
some excerpts from this in our World War II webpage.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Letter to Adolf Hitler. 24 Dec. 1940,
www.mkgandhi.org/letters/hitler_ltr1.htm. Accessed 30 Dec. 2016.
This letter is a primary example of Gandhi would try to spread his opinion to others, with
this time being no exception. However, trying to share his voice to the most feared
totalitarian of the 1930s and 1940s truly reflects on how much momentum we wanted his
movement to receive. He also reveals his views on Nazism and British Imperialism, an
example being how it will not stop them from fighting back.
---. Letter to Irwin. 2 Mar. 1930. Help for Researchers, British Library Board,
bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/indiannat/source3/index
.html. Accessed 10 Oct. 2016.
In this letter to the Viceroy Lord Irwin, Gandhi talks about how Britain is making terrible
decisions regarding the state of India and how they have failed to come to a proper
agreement, while also maintaining respect, acknowledging that the British people arent
the ones who are making the mistakes, but rather the British rule. He also states his
method to come to an agreement with the British through nonviolence and civil
disobedience. This letter represents the overall thinking and ideology of Gandhis views
and goals.
---. To Every Englishman in India. 20 Oct. 1920. Gale World History in Context,
ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindo
w?jsid=c53449f797cb0d086e9cbc761b87cbbb&action=2&catId=&documentId=GA
LE%7CCX2560000142&userGroupName=mlin_b_maldenhs&zid=422ded7a9617c3
c6569a1a4706a795e9. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017. Letter.
This letter from Gandhi summarizes his previous experiences with the British empire, as
well as describing his methods of nonviolence and what the British empire can do to stop
the mass civil disobedience in India that would hurt them. This was important because it
gives specific information about Gandhis life, especially his time in South Africa.

Mehta, Rajpal 15

To Sir B. Robertson. Selections from the Smuts Papers, edited by W. K. Hancock and
Jean Van Der Poel, vol. 3, Cambridge at the UP, 1966, pp. 190-91. 7 vols. South
African History Online,
www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/keith_hancock_jean_va
n_der_poel_selections_frombook4me.org_.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This is a collection of letters to and from Jan Smuts, the man responsible for negotiating
an agreement with Gandhi in South Africa for equal rights. This source is important
because it describes the opinions both of him and others he works with of Gandhi and
provides several quotes that we used on our Previous Experiences page.
High Commissioner of India. India-Pakistan Relations. 20 Oct. 1947. The National
Archives, gov.uk,
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/india-pakist
an-relations/. Accessed 10 Oct. 2016.
This document shows the the Partition of Indias effects on Indian-Pakistan relations,
including the massive movement of refugees causing instability, and the rough
relationship between Hindus and Muslims in both countries, both blaming and trying to
harm each other. This is significant because it provides a first-hand account of the
immediate effects of the separation of Pakistan from India.
Government Documents
Indian Independence Act, 1947. 18 July 1947,
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf. Accessed 22
Dec. 2016.
This is an act by the British government stating that India, which was at the time a British
colony, would be split into India and Pakistan under the Partition of India and both
countries would be given independence. We used this document on our website to show
viewers the exact text of the Partition of India.
Videos
---. Tryst with Destiny. 14 Aug. 1947. Youtube, uploaded by Indian National Congress,
Google, 14 Aug. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnhhUI4nbzY. Accessed 16 Jan.
2017. Speech.
This is the video of Jawaharlals famous speech, Tryst with Destiny. We converted this
into an mp3 file and used it for the Freedom of India and Pakistan webpage.
Journals

Mehta, Rajpal 16

Orwell, George. Weblog post. Orwell Diaries 1938-1942, 12 Aug. 1942,

orwelldiaries.wordpress.com/page/2/. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016.
This is a primary account of the official British reaction to the riots in India, which was
that the situation of the riots was completely under control, and the reactions of Indians to
this news. This source was important because it shows the British governments reaction
to events in India, as well as showing the opinions of the common people of India, as
opposed to the representatives of India as a whole.
---. Weblog post. Orwell Diaries 1938-1942, 10 Aug. 1942,
orwelldiaries.wordpress.com/page/3/. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016.
This journal entry describes how the British government used the incarceration of
Gandhi, Nehru, and other Indian leaders to get rid of the movement to free India. This
was important because it showed the way the British government used propaganda as a
weapon to gain support for their side and try to destroy the movement for Indian
independence.
---. Weblog post. Orwell Diaries 1938-1942, 14 Aug. 1942,
orwelldiaries.wordpress.com/page/3/. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016.
This journal entry shows one of the reactions to the jailing of Jawaharlal Nehru, which is
the loss of popular support. This is representative of how support for the movement for
Indian independence declined after its leaders were jailed.
Philosophical Writings
Salisbury, Joyce E. and Andrew E Kersten. "Mohandas Gandhi: the Problems and Future
of Indian Women (1869-1948)." Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2016,
dailylife.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1427307. Accessed 14 Nov. 2016.
In this document, Gandhi states his ideas of equality of men and women and that women
must decide themselves their social status. This represents the logic of equality that
Gandhi applied to many issues of his time.
Secondary Sources
Encyclopedias
Adolf Hitler. 1933. Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler.
Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This is a photograph of Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazis, and one of the primary causes
of World War II, of which one of the effects was Indias independence. We used this on
our World War II page on our website.

Mehta, Rajpal 17

Muslim League. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2009,

www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-League. Accessed 13 Dec. 2016.
This source describes the Muslim League, a group that called for and supported a
separation between Muslims and Hindus. They were an important factor in the Partition
of India. They also became Pakistans dominating political party proceeding the Partition,
thus representing the first steps into a new nation.
Nanda, B. R. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 30 Mar. 2015,
www.britannica.com/biography/Mohandas-Karamchand-Gandhi. Accessed 29 Aug.
2016.
This article summarized the life of Mohandas Gandhi in detail as well as what others
thought of him, including members of the British government, Hindus and Muslims in
India, and other people involved in his revolutions and working against his ideas. This
source is important because it shows the specific causes of his actions, like the house he
grew up in and the inequality Gandhi saw throughout his life. This article also described
in detail the effects that Gandhis actions had on people in India, South Africa, the British
Empire, and the rest of the world, in addition to many opinions of him and his ideology
held by different groups throughout the world.
Pletcher, Kenneth. Massacre of Amritsar. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 12 May 2015,
www.britannica.com/event/Massacre-of-Amritsar. Accessed 15 Nov. 2016.
This article describes the cause and effect of the Massacre of Amritsar on April 13, 1919
in India, which took place due to repressive laws leading to unrest all over India. This
source shows how this massacre caused the beginning of Mahatma Gandhis campaign
for freedom from Britain for India.
Rowlatt Acts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 5 Mar. 2009,
www.britannica.com/event/Rowlatt-Acts. Accessed 15 Nov. 2016.
This article describes the Rowlatt Acts, which were a series of acts that continued
provisions in India from World War I permanently, such as letting certain cases without a
jury. This article was important because it described these important acts and showed its
effects of Mahatma Gandhis non cooperation movement with the British government in
India and the Massacre of Amritsar.
Salt March. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Britannica School,
school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/624729. Accessed 24 Oct. 2016.
This article explains how Gandhi led a civil rebellion against the heavy British salt tax.
Since salt was very important in India, Gandhi decided to gather a group of followers and
march down to the Arabian Sea. When he and his group arrived, he picked up salt out of

Mehta, Rajpal 18

the ocean as protest against the British. To have his movement be heard, he intentionally
told the Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, about his crime and because of this, he served
prison time. The significance of this is that it would lead to the signing of the
Gandhi-Irwin Pact, and the Round Table Conference which would soon grant Indias
freedom.
Sarojini Naidu. New World Encyclopedia, MediaWiki. New World Encyclopedia,
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sarojini_Naidu. Accessed 16 Jan. 2017.
This encyclopedia entry provides a miniature biography of an Indian rights activist and
one of Gandhis closest friends, Sarojini Naidu. This article also gives her perspective on
Gandhis movement along with other things such as the freedom of India and the freedom
of Pakistan.
Tiananmen Square Incident. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9 Aug. 2016,
www.britannica.com/event/Tiananmen-Square-incident. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This article summarizes the Tiananmen Square incident and its causes and effects. We
used this source for information for the Tiananmen Square incident event on our timeline.
Images
British Raj Flag. The Chakra, WordPress, 20 Mar. 2013,
www.chakranews.com/did-india-hindustan-benefit-from-the-british-raj/3775.
Accessed 17 Jan. 2017.
This is the depiction of the flag used to represent the British Raj. This was a good image
for our Background page, and more specifically, the British Rule section.
The Flag of Pakistan. Enchantedlearning.com,
www.enchantedlearning.com/asia/pakistan/flag/. Accessed 8 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of the flag of Pakistan, which depicts a star and crescent which also
happens to be the emblem of Islam. We used this for our Religious Differences
webpage.
Hindu flag. Sim Country Wiki, Fandom,
simcountry.wikia.com/wiki/File:Hindu_flag_by_shikku27316-d6iyca7.png. Accessed
8 Jan. 2017.
This is an image of the Hindu symbol for Om on an orange and red backdrop. We used
this for the Religious Differences webpage.

Mehta, Rajpal 19

Om Symbol. SVG Images, Hiox India, www.svgimages.com/png/om-symbol.html.

Accessed 19 Jan. 2017.
This image depicts the Hindu emblem, Om. This image was used as a symbol for religion
in the Religious Differences section in our Background webpage.
Star and crescent symbol. Interfaith Association of Central Ohio, 2015,
iaco.org/aboutiaco/member-faiths/islam/. Accessed 19 Jan. 2017.
This is a digital image of the emblem of Islam, a star and crescent. This symbolizes Islam
in our Religious Differences section in the Background webpage.
Webpage
Basu, Anindita. Gandhi and His Fasts. Swarajaya, 2 Oct. 2015,
swarajyamag.com/politics/gandhi-and-his-fasts. Accessed 28 Oct. 2016.
This article explains the significance of how Gandhis famous fasting protests such as the
Rajkot 21-day fast and the one he took right before his assassination would help India
take large steps towards their independence. Not only this, but the source also provided
context for the many events going on at the time of Gandhis revolution (i.e. World War
II, Einsteins Nobel Prize).
Butler. British Rule in India. The Flow of History, edited by Chris Butler, Webmaster,
2007, www.flowofhistory.com/units/eme/18/FC123. Accessed 27 Dec. 2016.
This source provided very important information about how Britain got into power of
controlling India. More specifically, it talked about the origins of the East India Company
and how the trading company grew to gain great power. This article also goes in detail
about the impact of World War II on the Indian revolution.
Bhagat Singh. Cultural India, CulturalIndia.net,
www.culturalindia.net/leaders/bhagat-singh.html. Accessed 1 Jan. 2017.
This webpage summarizes the life of Bhagat Singh, a political and social activist who
was heavily involved in the Indian independence movement. He was important because
he was very anti-Gandhi and also pro-violent, which means that he represents the other
point of view on Gandhis philosophy.
The 1965-1970 Delano Grape Strike and Boycott. United Farm Workers,
www.ufw.org/_board.php?mode=view&b_code=cc_his_research&b_no=10482.
Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This article is about the Delano Grape Strike, which was one of many popular examples
of Gandhis philosophy coming into play. This act of nonviolence protested the poor

Mehta, Rajpal 20

conditions of the farm workers in California. We used this in our Setting an Example
timeline.
Essential Quotes of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi International Institute for Peace,
www.gandhianpeace.com/quotes.html. Accessed 18 Jan. 2017.
This source lists many quotes by Mahatma Gandhi which represent his philosophy of
nonviolence, how to use this to obtain his goal of freedom from Britain, and his religious
views. This source is important because it provides a primary source that explains
Gandhis philosophy.
Gandhi, Salt and Freedom. The Economist, Economic Newspaper, 23 Dec. 1999,
www.economist.com/node/347107. Accessed 19 Jan. 2017.
This source provided us with a quote about the Salt March by Gandhi. This quote was
also relevant for the Gandhis protests webpage.
Hari, Johann. Not His Finest Hour: The Dark Side of Winston Churchill. Independent,
27 Oct. 2010,
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/not-his-finest-hour-the-dark-side-of-winsto
n-churchill-2118317.html. Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This article summarizes the worse parts of the former Prime Minister Winston
Churchills life, like his negative opinions of Gandhi. This source was important because
it provides several quotes from Churchill supporting the ideas listed in the article.
History.com Staff. Gandhi Leads Civil Disobedience. History.com, A+E Networks, 2010,
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/gandhi-leads-civil-disobedience. Accessed 27
Dec. 2016.
This article summarizes the Salt March that Gandhi led in order to protest British salt
laws and the following protests. This source was important because it gives specific
information about the Salt March.
Jawaharlal Nehru. BBC,
www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nehru_jawaharlal.shtml. Accessed 13 Dec.
2016.
This source tells us about Jawaharlal Nehru, an Indian revolutionary who worked along
side Gandhi in his protests and fight against British oppression. He was also a
metaphorical landmark in Indian history, taking the role as its first official prime
minister. He was also the one who signed the Partition of India, causing the well-known
divide between Pakistan and India. In other words, he was the one who created India.
Joshi, Rukaiya. Trusteeship Today. Mahatma Gandhis, 2008,
www.mkgandhi.org/articles/trusteeship3.htm. Accessed 15 Dec. 2016.

Mehta, Rajpal 21

This article told us about Gandhis perspective of an ideal government system. He

believed in egalitarianism, or the belief that all people in the society, no matter which
given social identity, should be equal. In other words, he wanted to abolish the caste
system. This guided us towards Gandhis root principles and ideology of what he wanted
the future Indian Republic to look like.
The June 16 Soweto Youth Uprising. South African History Online,
www.sahistory.org.za/topic/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising. Accessed 31 Dec. 2016.
This webpage talked about a nonviolent protest that occurred in Soweto, meant to fight
against the segregating elements of the education system in South Africa. This way of
revolution shared that of Gandhis methods, which is why we used this information in our
Future Nonviolent Protests timeline.
Mahtma Gandhi. BBC Learning English, BBC,
www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/movingwords/shortlist/gandhi.shtml.
Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This article provided us with the quote an eye for an eye only ends up making the whole
world blind. This quote was part of the main image on the home page for our website.
Mahatma Gandhi. History, AETN UK, 2015,
www.history.co.uk/topics/biography/mahatma-gandhi. Accessed 5 Sept. 2016.
This article summarizes the life of Mahatma Gandhi from his childhood to after his death,
including his visits to London, England and Natal, South Africa, the start and significant
events of his political movements for racial equality in South Africa and for fair rights for
Indians under British rule, until his death when he was assassinated by a Hindu extremist.
This article was important because it included an overview of Gandhis entire life while
still including specific details, such as his involvement in the Salt March in 1930 in
protest of the British tax on salt and his fast to support a payment to Pakistan as one of
the agreements in the Partition by the British Empire that gave India its independence.
Mahatma Gandhi Quotes. BrainyQuote, 2001,
www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/mahatma_gandhi.html. Accessed 19 Dec.
2016.
This source provided us with quotes from Gandhi himself. We plan to use this in our
website for the header, because it shows Gandhis perspective on many different topics.
Marshall, Peter. The British Presence in India in the 18th Century. BBC, 17 Feb. 2011,
www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/east_india_01.shtml. Accessed 17
Jan. 2017.

Mehta, Rajpal 22

This source was vital for our British Rule context and analysis. It played a big role in
helping us find out more about how British came to dominate India. We found out that
the British East India Company came into power for some of India, but the rest of Britain
dominated India after a victory against the French in the 1700s by conquering most of
southeast Asia. These combined factors put them in power over India.
Park, Bhagwad Jal. Why Do Some People Hate Gandhi? Expressions, 2 Oct. 2010,
www.bhagwad.com/blog/2010/politics/why-do-some-people-hate-gandhi.html/.
Accessed 21 Jan. 2017.
This page describes the authors opinions on Nathuram Godses views by using several
extracts from Nathuram Godses final speech, Why I Killed Gandhi. We used quotes
from this page on our A Different Philosophy page.
Partition Quotes. BrainyQuote,
www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/mahatmagan717889.html?src=t_partition.
Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This webpage provided a quote by Mahatma Gandhi providing his insight to the Partition
of India. We used this in our Partition of India webpage.
1942 Quit India Movement. Making Britain, Open University,
www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/1942-quit-india-movement
. Accessed 29 Dec. 2016.
This webpage talked about the 1942 Quit India movement, which was one of Gandhis
most famous protests. It was especially interesting because it occurred near the end of
World War II, which was a huge factor in this protest as well. We also used this in our
timeline for the Famous Protests webpage.
Quotes of Quaid-e-Azam. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 15 Jan. 2017,
parc.gov.pk/index.php/en/quotes-of-quaid-e-azam. Accessed 14 Jan. 2017.
This website is a collection of quotes by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a leader of the
movement for a separate state of Pakistan. This website is important as it provides quotes
on why the Partition of India is good.
Top 10 Nonviolent Protests. Time,
content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1887394_1861266,00.html. Accessed 31
Dec. 2016.
This magazine webpage listed famous examples of nonviolent protests before and after
Gandhi. We plan to use some of this information in our timeline for the Future
Nonviolent Protests web page in our website. It also provided extra information about
the Salt March.

Mehta, Rajpal 23

Anthologies
Toler, Pamela D. The Salt March. Anthology, vol. 23, Cricket Media, 2013. EBSCOhost,
web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=882230f9-1abd-46d7-b688-24f2adeefaee
%40sessionmgr4009&vid=8&hid=4207&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d
%3d#AN=86032748&db=f6h. Originally published in Calliope, Mar. 2013, pp.
19-23. Accessed 8 Sept. 2016.
This magazine article describes the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, including what
happened, the causes, and the aftereffects. This article was important because it gave a
specific description of one event instead of giving a broad overview of Gandhis entire
life.