Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Eng.Siad Elsayed
Course Overview
1. Introduction
6. Safety in refinery
4. Towers internals
8. Pumps
10. Compressors
Course Overview
1. Introduction
6. Safety in refining
4. Towers internals
8. Pumps
10. Compressors
Separators
LPG Spheres
Turbo-Expanders
Chilling Area
Utilities
Condensates Tanks
Fractionation Area
2 Floating Roof
TanksCONFIDENTIAL
PRIVATE
AND
2 De-propanizers
Capacity 38,000 bbl
2 De-butanizers
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DCS
Nitrogen Unit
Heaters
Water Makers
Separators
A separator is a pressure vessel
designed to divide a combined
liquidgas system into individual
components that are relatively
free of each other for subsequent
disposition or processing.
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Definitions
When the gas stream carry some liquid it
called carryover
When the liquid stream carry some gases
it called carry under
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Effect of factor
1.Difference in weight of
fluid.
2. Residence time in
separator.
4.Centrifugal action
5.Presense of solids.
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Separators Classification
Geometry
Function
Pressure
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Classification by Function
Two-phase , (vapor-liquid) .
Three-phase (gas-oil-water) .
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Classification by Operating
Pressure
Low-pressure separators usually operate at
pressures ranging from 10 to 20 up to 180 to
225 psi.
Medium-pressure separators usually
operate at pressures ranging from 230 to 250
up to 600 to 700 psi.
High-pressure separators generally operate
in the wide pressure range from 750 to 1,500
psi.
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Classification by Application
Test Separator
A test separator is used to separate and to
meter the well fluids.
They can be permanently installed or portable
(skid or trailer mounted).
Production Separator
A production separator is used to separate the
produced well fluid from a well, group of wells
Low-Temperature Separator.
The temperature reduction is obtained by the
Joule-Thompson
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Classification by Geometrical
Vertical
Horizontal
Horizontal doubledouble-barrel
Spherical
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Horizontal Separators
Advantage of Horizontal Gas Separators
Horizontal separators are favored for large liquid volumes
or if the liquid-to-gas ratio is high.
Installations where vertical height limitations indicate
the use of a horizontal vessel.
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Disadvantages
1. Limited liquid surge capacity.
2. Liquid level control is more critical than with a vertical
type.
3. Area limitation
4. High expensive
5. Solid particles removing problems
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Slug catcher
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Vertical Separators
This type is capable of handling
large slugs of liquid without
carryover to the gas outlet.
Is best suited for well streams with
low liquid content and high gas
volume
and
is
usually
recommended, when the gas-oil
ratio is high
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Advantages
1. Liquid level and control not as critical as for
horizontal;
2. Easier and cheaper to design for surge capacity;
3. With certain designs, more extraneous material (for
example, sand, mud, and corrosion products) can be
handled; and
4. Usually easier to clean.
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Disadvantages
1. More expensive,
2. Does not adapt to skidmounted assemblies as well as
do horizontals in most cases,
and
3. Requires a larger diameter for
the same gas capacity.
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Separator internals
Separator internals
Separators usually includes some
mechanical parts that improve the
separation efficiency ,each part is
designed for a given functions and
based on a given physical properties
of the separated
phases.
The internals are divided into
three categories
Inlet devices
Intermediate devices
Outlet devices
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Inlet devices
The main objective of the inlet devices is a rapid
change in flow direction and velocity.
Change in velocity will cause the separation of both gas
and liquid due to the difference of energy level , different
kinetic energy.
Change in direction will cause the gas to goes around
the deflector plates where the liquid will strike the
diverter and fall down.
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Separators internals
OUTLET
Wire mesh
MIN
0.85 D
- 150 mm
150 mm
Vortex Breaker
600 mm MIN
FEED NOZZLE
FEED NOZZLE
600 mm
HHLL
1 MIN
HLL
LLL
600 mm MIN
0.6 D
1200 mm MAX
DRY DRUM
1 MIN
600 mm (DRY DRUM)
1 MIN
300 mm MIN
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Operation of separator
Pressure control
The main point is the pressure control is done via regulating
the gas flow rate outlet from the separator.
Level control
In horizontal separator the level control is very important
where this level will determine the residence time for gas
bubbles to break out from the liquid.
In vertical separator the level has no significant effect as
horizontal separator where the vapor space in vertical
separator usually some meters so the few inches will not effect.
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Important notes:notes: To evaluate if the residence time is enough to break out all
the gas or not we can notice the oil at the storage tank is
more gas flashed out , this indicate that the time is not
enough.
If the level is over than what is required this will appears
in the down stream process via the carry over of liquid
with the outlet gas stream, this may be a load on
compressors scrubbers.
The problem of get some gas with outlet oil is not critical
as carry over of liquid with gas so finally it is
recommended to set the level lower a little better than
over a little.
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Separators Control
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Separators concepts
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