Saint Louis University

School of Nursing

A Community Diagnosis Report

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of
NCM 108a

Submitted by:
BSN IV-B1
BSN IV-B2
BSN IV-B4
BSN IV-B5
BSN IV-A2

Submitted to:
Cheryl Danglipen

May 2015

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................. 2
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 2
A.

Community Health Development and COPAR.........................................................2

Even if these limitations were encountered, the group tried their best to overcome these problems, and
of not, look for alternative solutions to these limitations. The group is firmly held and is very
determined to achieve their goal to serve the people in the certain exposure................................31
BARANGAY PROFILE............................................................................................. 31
A.

Historical Background...................................................................................... 31

B.

Location......................................................................................................... 33

C.

Spot Map....................................................................................................... 34

D.

Demographical Data......................................................................................... 34

CHAPTER II................................................................................................................ 37
A.

Home and Environment....................................................................................... 37

B.

Family.............................................................................................................. 76

C.

Health............................................................................................................... 83

CHAPTER III COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN..........................................................96

Problem 1: Hypertension.............................................................................................. 96
Problem 2: Improper Garbage disposals............................................................................98
Problem 3: Regular check-ups........................................................................................ 99
Problem 5: Cough and Colds....................................................................................... 102
Problem 6:Faulty Eating Habits.................................................................................... 103

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Community Health Development and COPAR
Community Organizing and Participatory Action Research (COPAR)is simply
defined as a continuous and sustained process of educating, organizing, and mobilizing people
through community participation, action, and research. It is otherwise known as a method of
people empowerment and community development through guiding them build and manage an
effective organization utilizing community resources for health care mobilization and ensuring
that they are efficiently equipped to be on their own in dealing or resolving their issues in the
community. Itis a social, developmental approach, and a systemic, process continuing of people
transforming themselves from their culture of silence to a collective voice and action through
undergoing continuous education or collective conscientization and awareness building about
their existing situation, identifying their own needs and formulating their own goals and
objectives, developing their own capabilities readiness and political will to respond to take action
on their immediate long or short term needs and problems, and mobilizing their constituents too
collectively take actions on such needs or problems.
COPAR includes two parts: Community Organizing and Participatory Action Research
(PAR).
Community Organizing is a social development approach which aims to transform
people into a dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. As a process, it is
continuous and sustained process of education to develop critical awareness, work with people
collectively and effectively, mobilize the people to develop their capability to respond or to take
action. As an end, it is a collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and
2

systematic process and building of functional peoples organization by mobilizing them and
enhancing their capabilities to resolve their own problems
Participatory Action Reasearch (PAR) is an investigation of problem and issues, a
strategy for development wherein community needs are identified, solutions are planned and
priorities were implemented through partnership with the people.
Participatory Action Research has three concepts or elements which are conscientization
(helping people realize the need to research and help them realize that they possess the capability
to transform their situation), participation (stimulation and enhancement of peoples decision
making) and creativity for utilization in the process and evaluating programs.
In general COPAR is a social development approach, is a continuing process, to
transform to a collective voice thru undergoing continuous process, to transform to a collective
voice thru undergoing continuous education or collective conscientization, identify their own
problems and formulate their goals and objectives, develop their own capability to take action on
their needs, and mobilize them to take action. And as applied to community development,
COPAR is an essential health care approach based on practical scientifically and socially
acceptable methods of technology made universally accessible to individuals and families thru
their full participation and at a cost that community can afford to maintain self reliance and
determination
The COPAR process is very salient because it helps community health workers generate
community participation, maximizes community participation, mobilizes community resources
and it prepares people to take over the management of a community health program in the future.
The COPAR has five goals that are to empower people, to have social restricting which means
3

that there are equitable distribution of resources, organize salient DOPE to speak up to have a
collective decision making, have an alliance building, popular democracy and lastly to improve
quality of life
C1. COPAR PHASES AND ACTIVITIES
The COPAR is derived into five phases; a) Pre-entry phase, b) Entry Phase c)
Organizational Building Phase, d) Consolidation, Strengthening and sustenance Phase, and e)
Phase out and expansion Phase. Under each phase lie the critical activities that are to be
accomplished.
A. PRE-ENTRY PHASE
The Pre entry Phase is the initial phase where the community health worker or
community organizer identifies or selects the community where he/she is going to work with
based on pre-set criteria. Some preliminary investigation is conducted through the use of
secondary records and ocular inspection is done prior to emersion. This is also considered as the
simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, strategies and time spent for it.
Critical Activities:
a) Personal visits and initial consultation with local government units, peoples
organizations and other relevant agencies
A1. Provincialand municipal government unit, including municipal development office.
A2. Rural Health Unit.
A3. Other Health related or non-health related agencies servicing the area
4

b ) Selection of community for immersion

Criteria:
a) DOPE areas are to be chosen and to priority
D-Depressed weaker populae
O-Oppressed- Harshly or less humanely treated
P- Poor- lacking resources and ability.
E-Exploited- taken advantaged of or used for others personal vested interest
b) Clustered household at least 100
c) Presence of verbalized or requested need from the community.
d) Absence of or inadequately of similar health services or any NGO or GO. If there
is an existing health agency, the approach that they use is not COPAR.
These are the criteria considered by the health care team in rendering care to a
certain community.

c) Formal communication and courtesy calls

5

Purposes:
a) to give respect to them as persons and as formal or informal leaders of the
community
b) to start establishing rapport with the officials
c) To strengthen initial contacts during the first visits.
d) to signify interest to become their partner in health development
e) To have initial presentation of own agency represented as to personnel, faculty
and students to be assigned, philosophy, work principles, objectives and
program components.
f) To know more of the other officials, especially heads of offices.
g) To level off expectations with the officials
h) Discussion of immediate plans or activities upon entry of health workers

d) Preliminary social investigation(PSI)

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This is the initial data gathering and analysis about the community situation.
Rationale of PSI:
a) Health To get to know the community we are going work with\
b) To identify potential issues around which start organizing people, issues that
affect a large number of community members, people strongly feel needs
urgent attention, and are preferably winnable - the people should be able to
get what they want.
Steps in PSI:
a) Study existing documents or records or reports at the provincial, municipal
and barangay health or non-health offices, more specifically about the:
Spot map of the community
Total number of households and population
Formal, informal leaders and key leaders

SPECE situation, community needs and problems, especially indices

b) Observe and engage in actual dialogues and informal interviews with
community members
c) Collation and analysis of preliminary data gathered to identify:
1) Current needs, issues or problems that highly affects the people
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2) Important data needed in helping the people develop a health program, but
which are not available in the preliminary data.
3) Stage or status of community health development work, activities
currently being done and approach being utilized.
4) Constrains are problems encountered by other agencies in working with
the community.
d) Write up of the analysis
e) Formation of an initial but tentative plan
Purposes of this initial plan:
-

Serves as a guide for the development workers in facilitating the

community formulate their own developmental plan

Serves as basis for come on activities during the initial stages of COPAR
when the CDAP has not yet been formulated.

c) Orientation of agency health development workers

Purposes: to prepare the health workers on attitudes, knowledge and skills
needed in community immersion.

Content of orientation:
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a) Health situations- local, regional, national

b) Responses (strengths and limitations) to the situation by the community health
workers need upon entry to the community.
All of these activities were observed by the group to start the exposure well in Balakbak,
Kapangan
B. ENTRY PHASE
The entry phase is the phase that signals the actual entry and immersion of the
community development health workers in the selected community. This is also known as social
preparation phase and is considered as the most crucial phase because it determines the
acceptance of the agency to the sensitization of people on critical events in their lives. It is also
during this phase that potential leaders are identified.
Critical activities:
1) Courtesy call at the barangay level conducting a personal visit to the leaders.
Purposes:
1. To make them aware of your presence in their community
2. To make them feel that you have recognized their important roles in this health
partnership
3. To establish rapport or initiate a trusting relationship with them

4. To discuss initial but Immediate plans, such as:

1. Setting down in the staff house
-terms and conditions related to the staff house
-immersion
-ocular survey
-kind of approach to be used concept of partnership
In the exposure, the group got the chance to perform their courtesy call at the barangay level and
had discussed from there the plans and activities to be done during immersion
2. Community integration- basic continuing activity by which the community
health worker becomes one with the community, especially the poor through
immersing self in the community.
Purposes of Integration:
-to get to know the peoples culture, economy, leaders, history, rhythm, and lifestyle as biases for
own adjustments for better acceptance to the community
-to understand and respect the people and to recognize the positive aspects of their culture that
gives them the strength to struggle.
-to understand how the people analyze their own situation
-to have bases for modifying own values and lifestyles in keeping with that of the community.
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Guidelines in Integration:
Community integration has certain guidelines to follow; guidelines by which the group had
carefully followed in order to have a successful integration in the community.
a. Appearance, speech, behaviour and lifestyles are in keeping with the community
residents, without disregard to being a role model in health beliefs and practices.
e.g.Appearance- not appearing likes a tourist
Speech- not talking slang
Behaviour- not being too close with the opposite sex
Lifestyle- simple food yet nutritious
The group had tried their best in doing immersing in the community guided by
this guideline. We tried to speak their language, talking with them with the language that
they are comfortable with. Proper decorum is applied by the group in their behaviour. We
tried our best to behave while in the community, watching the actions that we have done.
b. Be humbled and adopt a low key profile or approach
Go down to their level,
Encourage them to call you simply.
Refrain from being messianic in approach
-Do not promise anything you are not sure of giving,
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This was strictly followed by the group. The group practiced humility upon rendering care in the
assigned community. As much as possible, we wanted the change to come from them, and no
from us. We let them know that we are just here to assist them in their improvement, but still it
would be dependent on their control.
C. Visit as many people as possible in the community by conducting house-to-house visits and
answering house calls.
The group had tried their best to follow this guideline, but because of time shortage and
people are not always in their homes in the morning, we are not able to be with them all. But in
one way or another, each of the members was very accommodating if people call them for
services such as client teachings and BP taking. We always give attention to those who need us.
D. Live with poorer people in the community if you really want to be in service with humanity.
The group, during our ocular survey, had given priority to those who needs us more. In
the sitio assigned to us, we focused/ gave more attention on the areas which we think were far
enough that they were not often given attention. We also gave more attention on people who
have less, and those who are ill, or having disease conditions.

E. Participate in direct productions, household and social activities of the people.

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Participation of the group on peoples activities was observed. This is for them to let them
know that we are not there to consume their time, but to help them grow; that we do not only
focus on their health problems, but rather focuses on a holistic manner. After all, the group finds
it as a good opportunity to have the client share information which was needed in their care.
F. Seek out and converse with people where they usually congregate.
This was not strictly observed by the group but we tried our best to do this. On our way to
our home visits, we always try to have stopovers so we could converse with people, while
rendering teachings and other services as well.
G. Avoid drinking too much and no smoking and gambling in the community.
So far, there were no instances like this that happened in our community exposure. But
we observed this policy along the whole course of the exposure.
H. Share the peoples housing, food, entertainment and meetings.
This was strictly observed during the immersion. We tried our very best to live like them
and live with them while we are there. We wanted them to feel that we are all equal, that we are
not far from them. Through this, we have made them feel that we are also like them; they would
feel comfortable in their own way.
All of these guidelines were followed carefully by each of the group members. Guided by
these, we had immersed ourselves in the community and had accomplished our tasks while in the
exposure properly.

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3. Leader spotting and initial core group formation or identifying existing leaders or
groups.
This lays the foundation of a strong peoples organization by identifying original or
indigenous members of a community with leadership qualities and bringing them together to
exchange knowledge and insights about their community.
Core group- a core group is defined as a group of people who are initially identified as leaders
(key persons and opinion leaders) with the following characteristics:
-has a high level of interest and needs and is open/willing to share needs and interests with others
on a collective basis.
-manifest attitudes/values of integrity and credibility in words and actions.
-open to learn more and gain skills.
-committed to share own time and resources for the community
-express willingness to act on something or solve problems with others on a collective basis
-shares similar vision, goals, and value with that of the people

Functions of the Core Group:

The core group serves as the initial contact group of the health worker and performs
initial actions or mobilization of the community members. They later on be elected as officers of
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the peoples organization or become chairs of different committees that the community may
probably form .
The core group also helps the health workers conduct a deepening social investigation,
spot additional potential leaders from different sectors of the community and helps in laying out
plans and tasks for the formation and maintenance of a community-wide organization.
4. Sociogramming
Sociogramming is a systemic process of identifying indigenous leaders in the community
who can facilitate the chance process, especially in mobilizing people. A sociogram on the hand,
is a tool that can used to use to analyze a leadership or communication pattern between and
among groups of people.
Purposes of a leadership sociogram:
-Helps the health worker identify key persons, opinions leaders and deviants or isolates in
a certain community.
The key person is the star in the sociogram because he or she is the most commonly
approached by many people regarding their own problems. He is an obvious leader and is
a person with whom the health worker has to win support and train as the local
community organizer and health worker.
-The opinion leader is a person who is approached by the key persons and is therefore the
one behind the key persons ideas . He is the adviser of the key person.

15

The deviants or isolates are community who are not or are never approached by any or
few community members when faced with problems
-the leadership sociogram also helps the health worker to get identified leaders to express
their support to the COPAR approach, its phases and activities.
-the detailed results of the sociogram are better not to be known by the community in
order to avoid raising negative feelings or rejection or denial among community
members.
4. Groundworking of the identified leaders and community members .
- This is a basic tactic used in community organizing where the organizer goes around
and motivate them on a one-on-one basis to:
a) Critically study and come up with own stand point about a participant issue at hand.
b) Prepare own contributions prior to a meeting .
c) Think of a suggestion on what to do about something that needs to be acted upon.
d) Motivate them to participate or attend.
5. Tentative program planning and delivery of health services as come-ons.This is called
tentative because it is not yet based on the peoples identified needs and problems. This can be
modified as the nurse organizer starts to work more closely with the people.
The nurse organizer chooses a major health related issue or priority concern identified
and strongly felt by the people during PSI. She also analyzes the issue with the people in terms
16

of causes and effects, what should be done, what are resources available to resolve the issue, who
and when should the activities be done.
These activities should be done in close coordination with the local health workers. BHW
capabilities should be maximized and enhanced. It is highly suggested at this point that the
come- on activities will be more concrete and readily felt and seen by people.
6. Deepening Social Investigation (DSI)/ Community study /participatory action
research(PAR)
This is a continuous, systemic process of collection, collation, analysis, and updating of
primary and secondary data gathered about the community
Purposes of DSI/PAR:
It provides a clearer and more comprehensive picture about the community, it is also
serves the basis of organizing activities (in terms of approach and methods) and the community
development plan.
Community diagnosis is the output of the communitys state of health as determined by
its social , political, economic, cultural and environmental/ecological/physical/geographical
factors. As a process, it is defined as a continuing learning experience for both the agency and
the community.

7. Start of training activities or capability building of the core group

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Before the identified core group members conduct the community study with the
CHNurse, they will have to undergo staggered training on the following: a) how to creatively
collect and record data; b) how to collate data; c) how to present using creative presentations and
how to orally present data; d) how to analyze the creatively prepared data.
8. Start of the conduct of community meetings or assemblies
Community meetings or assemblies are series of community gatherings where
responsible community members or per households representatives are enjoined to attend.
Purposes: to collectively discuss, agree, plan or act on something that the individual or family
have already decided or thought about during the ground working activity and also to provide an
opportunity for the community consultation is the first of the series of the meetings where the
household representatives and the agency will meet together in order to formally know each
other and to share their own visions, missions and objectives in relation to health development.
Objectives includes a) to get the peoples collective ideas and feelings about the entry of
the agency to their community (accept or not accept entry); b) to formally introduce the agencys
objectives, philosophy, principles, programs, etc.; c) to present initial results of PSI particularly
community validation and analysis, identify priority problems for research, identify their
strength; d) to evoke their vision of a happy family/ community; e) to identify possible obstacles
to development; f) to formulate goals and objectives; g) to collectively decide on the next
activity after the goal and objectives formulation; h) evoke from them the characteristics and
qualifications of a leader; i) select among them chairs and members of the following committees:

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1. Planning committee- draft the community health development plan

2. Do a research on an identified problem
3. Do other tasks related to the identified problem
j) Formulate names for each committees or groups they have formed.
9. Conduction of the first major action-reflection-action session (ARAS)
ARAS refers to the regular cycle of evaluation that follows every after an activity or
action, search largely focuses on self-reflection about ones own contribution to the success and
failure of that activity and what one can do to enhance or improve future performance or similar
future activities.
ARAS is done for every individual or group to:
a) Identify and celebrate own strengths related to the success of a major activity
b) Critically analyze the cause of mistakes or failures in an activity or action so that
consequent suggestions can be given to improve performance in the next activity and
to prevent recurrence of such mistakes or failures.
c) Relieve the pains experienced due to errors or mistakes or due to the behaviours of
others in a group or community.
d) Reconcile hurt feelings between and among individuals among the group or
community

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e) Re-affirm commitment to the organizational visions, mission and goals

f) Become closer with each other or further develop cohesion.
If the ARAS is related to an agency activity, the agency head or designate will be the
facilitator. If ARAS is done in the community level, the agency representatives will facilitate the
first ARAS to be conducted with community folks. Community leaders will become the
facilitators within the different committees after sufficient skills have been developed.
D. ORGANIZATIONAL BUILDING PHASE
The organizational building phase is the phase which entails the information of more
formal structures and inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementing and
evaluating community wide activities.
It is also the phase where the organizational leaders, groups or committees are given
formal and informal trainings to further develop their attitudes, knowledge and skills that they
need in managing their own activities or programs.
This is also considered as the most crucial phase of COPAR because the focus of COPAR
is building and strengthening the human behaviour and the challenges and struggles of the
agency health development worker occur during this stage.

Critical Activities:
1. Formalization of a genuine peoples organization
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Elements of a genuine peoples organization:

a. Vision the imagination, dream, an ideal or an end result of a standard quality
of life, an abstract.
b. Mission principal task or assignment, path chosen to be chosen to be able to
reach the vision.
c. Goal general, broad aim or direction, the end forward which all effort is
directed at.
d. Objectives clarifies in detail what one wants to carry out; it specifies for
whom the project is being done by whom, within what period of time, where
and what a group wants to accomplish; in short, this is a detailed clarification
of what one wants to accomplish.
e. Development plan written outline of the goals, objectives, planned
activities, resources, monitoring scheme and evaluation plan of the
community.
f. Structure refers to the skeletal arrangement and composition of the peoples
organization, including the different committees, the people who man these
committees, and the relationship and lines of responsibility and authority of its
leaders and members.
g. Mechanisms/strategies methods or tactics

21

h. Policies set of principles or rules determining what and how thing are done
by a person or group.
i. Personnel includes the leadership or management or and program staff
j. Membership constitutes the number of actively participating members,
which, ideally should come from every household comprising the community.
k. Resources supply or support for the organization
Land includes beneath and above
Labour all human beings who extract and process raw material into finished
products, or transport and sell goods or products or provide services in
services.
Capital materials, money, logistics or support services which the people use
to extract and process the raw materials entrepreneur or manager, and
exchange value.
l. Participation considered being the most important element of organization
because without this, the organization cannot be considered as a living
organism.
Levels of Organic growth of an Organization
a) Birth to infancy

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This starts from the identification of potential leader to core group formation until the
formalization of the peoples organization.
The structure is very simple, loose and temporary. Leaders and members of the
organization are only those who are active and directly affected by the problem. The relationship
between and among leaders and members are usually collegial and familial. The goal is the
resolution of a specific issue or a particular problem. Programs and services are usually sporadic
and short term and the focus of action is usually curative in nature.
b) Adolescent
The structure is well- defined with formal elected officials having defined tasks and
responsibilities. Leaders are elected, indigenous or relational. The relationship between and
among leaders and members is functional or is based on position and authority, with creation of
certain cliques or factions. The goal is to effect specific changes in the community, not only on a
particular issue. Programs are well defined, with clear sources of funds, with paid staff, and
have a legal personality
c) Adult/maturity
The structure is formal with networks and alliances. Leadership is mass- based with
leaders who are able to form operational alliances and networks and have developed certain
culture or value system such as we attitude, open and humble, objective. The relationship
between and among the leaders and members is close intra and inter- organizational. The goal is
social and value transformation that starts from a smaller community to a bigger or wider society.
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Programs are directed at strengthening the organization, self-reliant task group in the community
are available to provide health services, and resources are now generated within the community
Sub-activities under formalization of the peoples organization
a. Community making-means giving opportunities for the community folks and the
different committees formed during the community consultation to develop/ strengthen
trust with each other, to share significant events in their lives, increase their level of
participation, enhance their team building capabilities and to clarify their own value
systems
b. Formalization of the vision, mission, goals (VMG) and objectives formulated during the
community consultation.
c. Formulation of the structure, policies or constitution and by-laws of the organization
Some types of organizational structures:
a. Centralized- power comes from the leaders, staff and key informants
b. Centralized-decentralized- there are different committees on top of the BOD, however
these different committees obviously exist as separate or individual bodies.
c. Decentralized- requires general membership as the main decision makers
d. Autonomous- different small committees or groups in the community network and link
with each other.
D. CONSOLIDATIONS, STRENGTHENING, AND SUSTENANCE PHASE
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This is the stage where the peoples organization has been fully established and that the
community members are already actively participating in community wide understandings. The
different committees in the organizational structure are already capable and are expected to do
their functions of assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating.
The community is more united of one in terms of vision mission, goals and programs
Indicators of a consolidated, self- governing Peoples organization
1. Internal indicators
a. Realization of the goal of social transformation is evident in the changes of the value
systems and lifestyles of the people in short, the goals and objectives have been
attained
b. The structure of the organization is decentralized, more formal, has operational
committees, and with established network and alliances
c. Mass- based group learning
d. Resources, goods, and services are generated within the community before these are
sourced from outside of the community
e. Capabilities related to services, programs and projects are now evident
f. There is dynamic relationship between and among leaders and members. Intra and
inter- organizational networking is evident

25

g. Learning insights derived from the processes and programs put into actual practice in
daily living
h. The leaders and members are capable of doing advocacy work
i. The quality of life of the community has improved
2. External indicators
a. Linkages
-

The PO maintain and strengths linkages with others

The agency only serves to be the consultant of the peoples organization. As a

consultant, it functions to provide assistance only as necessary

b. It has established networks (composed of several linkages)

c. Able to ensure from outside for programs or projects that require additional resources
not within the communitys ability to produce
Critical activities:

Organizational diagnosis- review and analysis of the elements of the peoples

organization, leadership and commitment and trust of members and leaders

Re-planning can be done after identification of new needs or problems

Strengthening mechanisms, which may include the following strategies:

26

a. Continued education and training of leaders and members to enhance/ strengthen their
attitude, knowledge and skills
b. Continued motivation and mobilization of the different committees
c. Value certification

Sustaining mechanism
a. Developing second lines
b. Identification of a good project, preparation and submission of a project proposal to
appropriate funding agencies
c. Implementation of livelihood projects and other self-managed projects

E. phase out and expansion

This is the stage whereby the community development workers or change agent leaves
the self-sustaining peoples organization and looks for other area to work with
Critical activities:
1. Endorsement to different levels guidance and assistance as needed
a. Municipal level
b. Provincial level
c. National, as necessary
27

2. Monitoring through regular area visits

3. Disengagement release from attachment or connection of freedom from obligation
4. Impact evaluation to assess the degree or extent of the following after a specific period of
time:
a. Peoples participation and commitment to the organization
b. Functionality of the peoples organization
c. Performance of health activities
d. Attainment of goals and objectives

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E. Goals and Objectives:

The ultimate goal of nursing is to promote the health of the citizenry
To this end, the definition of community health nursing highlights the following important
points. The goal of professional practice is the promotion and preservation of the health of the
population; the nature of the practice is comprehensive, general, continual and not episodic, the
knowledge base comes from nursing and public health; the different levels of clients-individuals,
families, groups and the practitioners recognition of the primary of the population as a whole.
The vision of public health nursing in the Philippines is exemplified by the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) which are based health, respect for nature and shared responsibility.
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are as follows:

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
Except for goals 2 and 3, all the MGDS are health or health-related. Health is essential to the
achievement of these goals. Also, in order to achieve these goals, the participation of all
members of the society from both developing and developed countries is required. Achievement
29

of these goals is now a priority of the community and dictates the priority public health programs
that should be implemented. Through achieving these goals, health in hands of people will be
achieved.
F. Scope and delimination
During the exposure, the people of Lengaoan had been cooperative and very
accommodating. They are interested in helping us bring about change in the community.
However, even in such positive spirits, there are inevitable situations that brought problems
and limitations in rendering care during the exposure
The group is to cover the all sitios in Barangay Lengaoan due to time constraints
some of the families were not assessed
In connection to this, the distance of houses from each other also contributed to
the time consumed during the exposure, thus fewer houses visited. On the way to home
visits, the group at go through steep, rocky and slippery roads. These had made it difficult to
reach other homes. During home visits, rain pours down as well, adding to the difficulty of
the visits, although the group had tried their best to cover every family in the Barangay.
The group also encountered language barriers. Most of the settlers in the
Barangay are Ilocano or Kankanaey. Few of them understand tagalong. Some of the members
of the group find it hard to gather data because of difficulty understanding each other
language, which in turn, makes it also difficult to identify the problems.
Another problem encountered was the unavailability of some members of a
family. This is because they are working in the fields for their own living. As much we
wanted them to be assessed, it had been quite difficult because of their lack of time as well.
30

Even if these limitations were encountered, the group tried their best to overcome
these problems, and of not, look for alternative solutions to these limitations. The group is
firmly held and is very determined to achieve their goal to serve the people in the certain
exposure.
BARANGAY PROFILE
A. Historical Background
The name of the place where the water came from is Beneng. Time passes by the
mountain of Ba-eng eroded and the villagers found a place and was called as Sitio Tekok. There
was a time when the river became stagnant and covered the major trail going to Ambuklao and
there were Americans who passed by the stagnant water kenmesbeng ja shanom and upon
seeing this they decided to construct an irrigation ditch benesang sha which amazed the
people because of the successful work of the Americans. When the people saw the water flowing
down to Binga they said Oh Benesang shamala nebjeng ja shanom (oh they made a passage of
the stagnant water). These sitio was popular in the community which was known as Besang
during the American period until the settlers changed it to Bisal. Bobok-bisal was created upon
the approval of the resolution number 1321 during the special meeting of the provincial board of
the Mountain Province on July 16, 1964 in La Trinidad, Benguet. It was created to be a separate
district and independent Barrio Poblacion. The resolution defined that the barangay shall consist
of the following: Bisal, Beneng, Otbong, Bobok, Kawal, Libakong, Pito, Nayao, Simbonan.
Barangay Bobok-Bisal is located at the southern part of the municipality. It shares its boundaries
on the north with Barangay Poblacion, Municipality of Itogon on the south, Barangay Pito on the
east and Barangay Ambuklao on the west it is 58km from Baguio City, 64 km. from the
31

Provincial Capitol and 9 km, from the Poblacion. The first settlers of the barangay were Oka,
Alimunsho, Balangki, Gamma, Balanos, Pascual and Almosa who first settled in Sitio Beneng.
After some years, their families spread through other sitios. The most remembered figures of
Bobok-Bisal were those belonging to the Velasco and Fianzo clans. There men owned wide
tracks of land as well as thousands of heads of cattle. Currently the heirs of Velasco clan lives in
Bokod Central while those of the Fianza clan lives in Dalupirip, Poblacion and North Tinongdan.
During the American administration, the most remembered leaders of the small cops in the
Barangay were the Cattel Balat of Kawal, Cayas aliw-iw of Otbong, Siong Pascual of Bisal and
Poloc of Bobok. All of them sired who later lead leaders in the neighboring Barangays and
settlements. The Spaniards constructed foot trails and introduced stone walling of rice paddies
Upon the arrival of the Spaniards, there was a peaceful assimilation between them and the local
people wherein they developed foot trails and introduced stone walling of rice paddies.
During the 1935 Bobok Saw Mill started its operation employing mostly Ibaloys and
provided the bunkhouses. But when WWII broke out the operation of Saw Mill was put on hold.
In the year 1946 where the war ended Bobok Saw Mill resumed its operation. Then in year 1964,
Bobok Saw Mill stopped the operation due to logging band which affected many job
opportunities in the area. After sometime, it was re-opened in the year 1970s the eventually
closed in 1998 and no longer operational up to this day.
Selling of vegetables in the community is the source of livelihood among members of the
community however rice farming and coffee propagation were practiced since the time of
memorial A few decades after the Spaniards came, the Barangay folks were already engage in

32

hunting, small cops, siddin (Kaingin), farming and cattle raising, either for themselves or for rich
people.
B. Location
Barangay Bobok-Bisal is located on the Southern part of the Municipality. It shares its
boundaries on the North Poblacion, Municipality of Itogon on the South, Barangay Pito on the
East and Barangay Ambuclao on the West.
It is 58 kilometers away from Baguio City, 64 kilometers from the Provincial Capitol, and
9 kilometers from Poblacion.

33

C. Spot Map

Bobok-Bisal has an estimated land area of 9,470 hectares or 19.39% of the municipality
total land area. It comprises eight sitios namely: Bisal, Bobok, Otbong, Kawal, Libacong,
Benneng, Japas and Ditogan.
D. Demographical Data

Year
2010
2012

Table 1.1 Population Growth and Density

Population
Population Growth
rate
1271
94.7
1179
92

Population density
(person/sq.m)
13.90
14.17

There was a decrease in population by 92 people, basing on the differences in population

from 2010 and 2012. This can be attributed to migration.

34

Table 1.2 Number of Household, Population and Average Household Size

Name of Sitios
Number of Household Number of Population
Average Household
Size
Otbong
52
248
5
Yapas
10
49
5
Bobok Proper
81
213
5
Bisal
47
267
6
Nganoan
8
42
5
Pao
5
23
5
Kawal
68
337
5
Total
271
1179

The total number of households in the barangay is 271, with the highest number in sitio Bobok
Proper. Sitio Bobok Proper has the widest agricultural area and also was the first settlement site
in the barangay. The average household size of the barangay is 5.
Table 1.3 Population by Age Group and Sex
Age
0-14
15-64
65 and above
Total

Number of Males
178
426
42
646

Number of Females
148
338
47
533

Total
326
764
97
1179

Barangay Bobok-Bisal has a total population of 1,179, with 646 Males and 533 Females. Those
within 15 to 64 years old have the highest number, while those in the age group of 65 and above
have the lowest number.

Population by Ethnicity
The barangay is predominantly occupied by the Ibalois. Other tribes present in BobokBisal are Kalanguyas, Kanakana-eys and Ilocanos who intermarried locals of the barangay.
35

36

CHAPTER II
This chapter presents the data which has been gathered from the survey during the A.Y.
Kawal
Japas
Culba
Otbong
Total
Percent
Owned
20
9
2
26
57
96.61017
Rented
0
1
0
1
2
3.389831
2015-2016, 2nd semester community immersion of BSN IV studentsgroups B1, B2, B4, B5 and
A2 in the following sitios: Kawal, Yapas, Culba and Otbong. The data were respectively collated
to come up with the demographic profile of Barangay Bobok.
A. Home and Environment
Table 2.1 Home Ownership

Ownership

Owned

Rented

The data shows that 96.61% of the houses located in Bobok are owned, usually houses of the
family in the community are passed down from generation to generation. These houses and land
ownerships are maintained within the family structure and upkeep done periodically. Only 3.39% of the
houses are rented since Bobok is a Rural area. Others from the outside of the community early there for
extended periods of time. Renting is uncommon in the area due to the fact that most of the population live
with their minimum cost and as close family and friends.

37

Table 2.2 Total Number of Rooms

1
2
3
4
5
6

Kawal
9
3
4
1
0
1

Japas
5
3
4
0
1
0

Total # of rooms
Culba
Otbong
1
10
0
7
1
6
0
4
0
0
0
0

Total
25
14
16
5
1
1

Percent
40.32258
22.58065
25.80645
8.064516
1.612903
1.612903

Total No. of Rooms

Many households has only one room but require greater living space to accommodate as living
quarters for the occupants. In relation to health, it allows physical barriers between constant bodily fluids
and opportunistic microorganisms proliferating amongst individual causing concern for the spread of
diseases. Because singular rooms are common which include both living quarters and kitchen, health
hazards may arise; danger issues regarding fires and house damage may arise all at the same time.
Multiple rooms are less common due to lack of necessity and resources for expansion.

38

Table 2.3 Lighting

Electricity
Kerosene Lamp
Rechargeable
Battery
Candle
Other: Solar

Kawal
17
0

Japas
10
1

5
3

1
3

Lighting
Culba
1

Otbong
25
1

Total
52
3

Percent
75.36232
4.347826

7
6
1

10.14493
8.695652
1.449275

Lighting

Electricity

Kerosene Lamp

Candle

Others

Rechargeable Battery

In the community 75.36% of the population nowadays uses electricity since the community is
provided with a subsidy by the investors of Ambuklao Dam, one member of one of the family in the
community claimed that the agreement was due to the construction of the Dam will be in exchange to the
free electricity. They are given an allowance of spending watts amounting to 800-1000 pesos and when

39

4
5
6
7
8
16
9
12x14
10x12
15x10

Kawal
1
3
5
2
0
0
2
0
0
1

Approximate size (sq m)

Japas
Culba
Otbong
2
1
0
2
0
8
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
17
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

Total
4
13
6
2
0
2
2
18
1
1

Percent
7.843137
25.4902
11.76471
3.921569
0
3.921569
3.921569
35.29412
1.960784
1.960784

they exceed the said amount they will be paying for the extra bill. There are few families that still uses
kerosene lamp, rechargeable batteries and candles in the absence of electricity. In homes without
electrical wiring installed some may utilize extension cords to share with neighboring homes, thus creating
a greater fire hazards due to improper instillation. Most of the family also has one or two bulb in their
home due to maintaining the minimum cost that they can spend. With regards to health, good lighting is
important to prevent falls and injury which may cause trauma.

Table 2.4 Approximate Size of Each Room

40

Approximate Size (sq m)

10

12

15

16

in Bobok, the data shows that 35.29% lives in a 12x14 sq meters space, some families has
adequate living space but most has inadequate living space due to having an extended family or due to
having only one room for everything. 25.49% of the family which is the second in the list lives in a 5 sq
meter, which is a very small size to live in. The size of the homes correlate to its capacity for occupants.
The smaller the size with an increasing number of individuals creates a congested environment leading to
the risk in spread of opportunistic microorganisms.

Table 2.5 Number of Windows

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Kawal
8
3
4
2
0
1
0

Ventilation(# of windows)
Japas
Culba
Otbong
1
0
6
5
0
15
3
2
5
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Total
15
24
14
4
2
1
0

Percent
25
40
23.33333
6.666667
3.333333
1.666667
0

41

Ventilation (No. of Windows)

Basing on the table and graph, most homes in Bobok have two windows per room. This is
followed by having 3 windows per room at 23%. These results signify that there is adequate
ventilation at most homes in Bobok.

Table 2.6 Type of Materials: Housing

Light
Mixed(Combination)
Permanent(concrete)
Others

Kawal
12
7
1
0

Type of Materials
Japas
Culba
4
1
7
1
0
0
0
0

Otbong
0
26
1
0

Total
17
41
2
0

Percent
28.33333
68.33333
3.333333
0

42

Type of Materials

Light

Mixed

Permanent

Others

The data shows that the type of material used in shelters in Bobok is mainly a
combination of light and permanent materials. In relation to health, permanent
types of material are usually preferred especially if the said houses are located in
mountainous areas, which are prone to landslides and strong typhoons wherein light
materials may easily be damaged, affecting those living in them.

Table 2.7 Presence of Breeding Sites

Kawal
None
observed
Present

5
15

Presence of breeding sites

Japas
Culba
Otbong
0
11

1
1

27
7

Total

Percent

33
34

49.25373
50.74627
43

Presence of Breeding Sites

None observed

Present

The table shows that there are mixed results for the presence of breeding
sites in Bobok such as that in Otbong, wherein there are no observed breeding sites
of pests and rodents unlike that of Kawal, where there are plenty of residences with
observed breeding sites which may impose health threats for diseases such as
dengue and malaria which are rampant especially during rainy season.

Table 2.8 Kitchen

Kawal
Generally clean
Generally

13
6

Kitchen
Japas
Culba
Cleanliness
7
2
3
0

Otbong

Total

Percent

23
4

45
13

77.59
22.41
44

unclean
Utensils
Kept in
cupboards
Pots and pans
scattered
No flies or
cockroaches
Flies or
cockroaches
present

14
5

6
0
Presence of Vectors

24

68.57

11

31.43

16

43.24

10

10

21

56.76

Cleanliness

Generally Clean

Generally Unclean

45

Utensils

Kept in cupboards

Pots and pans scattered

Presence of Vectors

No flies or cockroaches
Flies or cockroaches present

The data shows that the kitchens in Bobok are generally clean, which is a
favored outcome as most food products are stored and food preparation is done.
Proper food handling is an essential part of health promotion as it could prevent
food borne illnesses. In addition, food products should also be kept in clean areas as
to prevent food contamination.

46

Table 2.9 Food Storage

Refrigerator
Food cabinet:
closed
Food cabinet :
open
Containers
with cover
Containers
without cover
Consumed
every meal

Kawal
8

Food storage
Japas
Culba
1
0

Otbong
9

Total
18

Frequency
16.66667

10

10

26

24.07407

19

17.59259

14

13

36

33.33333

6.481481

1.851852

Food Storage
Refrigerator
Food cabinet: closed
Food cabinet: open
Containers with cover
Containers without cover
Consumed every meal

The data shows that the residents of Bobok mainly use containers with cover to
store their food as they mostly consume foods that are homegrown, which do not
easily rot or spoil. The use of refrigerator is also observed to be scarce, as not
everyone have sufficient resources to avail one. Closed food cabinets are used to
store products with long shelf lives such as canned goods, condiments, etc.

47

Table 2.10 Presence of Hazards

Kawal
Sharps
unkempt
Medicine
cabinet:
present
Medicine
cabinet :
absent
Others: baul
With lock
Without lock

Presence of Hazards
Japas
Culba
Otbong

Total

Percent

17

24.64

10

17

31

44.93

8
3

1
1

0
0

17
4

24.64
5.80

17
0

24
7

77.42
22.58

5
5

Medicine Cabinet
1
1
2
0

Presence of Hazards

Sharps unkempt
Medicine cabinet present
Medicine cabinet absent
Others

48

Medicine Cabinet

With lock
Without lock

The data indicates that medicines are kept in locked storage areas, which is
preferred especially if there are children residing in the house who could incidentally
ingest the said medicines and impose harm. Medicine cabinets are also a preferable
choice as long as the medicines, especially prescription drugs, are not easily
accessible by children. Although not the greatest in number, improper stowing of
sharps are not only hazardous for children but also anyone residing in the house.
Hence, all sharps must be kept in puncture proof containers or cabinets.

49

Table 2.11 Where poisons are kept

Kawal
Not in
kitchen
Kubo
Away from
kitchen

1
1
1

Where poisons kept

Japas
Culba
Otbong
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0

Total

Frequency

1
7

11.11111
77.77778

11.11111

Where poisons kept

Not in kitchen
Kubo
Away from kitchen

The use of poisonous substances is abundant in Bobok as one of the main

livelihoods in the area is farming, which uses pesticides and fertilizers. These
substances must be kept close to the farm but away from the house thus the table
above shows a favored outcome as keeping poisons in kubos will prevent children
or other members of the family from access.

50

Table 2.12 Cooking Facility

Cooking facility
Wood
Gas range
Gas stove
Electric stove
Dirty kitchen

Kawal
10
4
7
3
15

Japas
4
0
1
2
7

Culba
0
0
2
1

Otbong
0
11
19
1
12

Total
14
15
29
6
35

Percent
14.14
15.15
29.29
6.06
35.35

12
7

17
12

58.62
41.38

Gas Stove
With safety
device
Without

5
2

0
1

0
2
Dirty Kitchen

With clean
surroundings
With piled
garbage

12

11

27

77.14

22.86

51

Cooking Facility

Wood
Gas range
Gas stove
Electric stove
Dirty Kitchen

Gas Stove

With safety device

Without safety device

52

Dirty Kitchen

With clean surroundings

With piled garbage

The table shows that the majority of Bobok residents utilize a dirty kitchen,
meaning the kitchen is separated from the house. The next most used cooking
facility is with clean surroundings, which is favored for proper food handling as to
prevent food contamination. Although the least in number, there are still residents
with kitchens that have piled garbage in their cooking facilities which could impose
a risk for breeding sites and possible food borne illnesses.

Table 2.13 Burning of Food

Kawal
Never
Occurred
Seldom
Occurs
Commonly
Occurs

Burning of Food
Japas
Culba

Otbong

Total

Frequency

13

23

38.33333

16

11

33

55

6.666667

53

Burning of Food

Never Occurred
Seldom Occurs
Commonly Occurs

The table shows that burning of food seldom occurs in Bobok and in some
instances, never occurs thus it is a favored result. Although it is the least in number,
burning of food that commonly occurs imposes a risk for causing a burn incident
considering that most residences in Bobok are made of a combination of light and
permanent materials. Hence, it is imperative for community folks to be aware of the
hazards of leaving food cooking behind even for a little while.

Table 2.14 Checking of Stove

Not a practice
Only a few
members do

Kawal
0
4

Checking of Stove
Japas
Culba
2
1
2

Otbong
10
10

Total
13
16

Frequency
27.08333
33.33333
54

this
Done by all

10

19

39.58333

Checking of Stove

Not a practice
Only a few members do
this
Done by all

The results of the collated data regarding the checking of stove in Bobok
show that most families are consciously checking the stove before leaving the
house. This may be due to the frequency of forest fires and the instances of thinking
that this may happen to them due to its proximity to the prone areas. It may also be
due to the safety measures being implemented by the family members. In some
places in Bobok, there are also families that only a few members of them
consciously checks the stoves while in some parts also, they dont practice it at all.
In relation to health, it may help them prevent occurrence of fire accidents
such as explosion and burns. Their practice of checking the stove before leaving will
help them improve quality of life and preventing fire-related complications.

Table 2.15 Electrical wiring checked

Yes
No

Kawal
9
10

Electrical wiring checked

Japas
Culba
Otbong
3
0
19
7
2
8

Total
31
27

Percent
53.44828
46.55172
55

Electrical wiring checked

Yes
No

It shows the collated data wherein it was observed that more than half of the
population of families residing at Bobok checks on their electrical wirings annually.
More so, this indicates that most of the residents know that this may also be one of
the causes of fires at home.
However, about 46.55% of the population doesnt practice on checking on
their electrical wirings. This may be due to the knowledge deficit on the possible
occurrence of accidents. Basing now on the geographical location of Bobok, some
residents in this area are not being informed on how to properly check on their
electrical wirings and on the different occurrence of accidents. Therefore, some of
them may disregard such effects on their homes. In relation to health, it is the
responsibility of the community health nurse, in collaboration with other community
members, to provide necessary information through home teachings to reduce the
risk of further accidents.

Table 2.16 Stairs

56

Yes
None
With rails
None but
necessary
Not necessary

Kawal
16
4

Presence of Stairs
Japas
Culba
5
1
7
1

8
3

2
1

With Stairs
0
1
0

Otbong
22

Total
44
12

Percent
78.57
21.43

14

21

47.73

5
3

16
7

36.36
15.91

Presence of Stairs

Yes
No

57

With Stairs
With rails
None but necessary
Not necessary

It shows that out of 56 households in Bobok, 44% have stairs in their homes,
with 21% of these stairs are with rails, these are usually the families that have
children or elderly and have enough resources in their homes to promote safety and
prevent accidental falls. 16% of the households does not have rails but is necessary
for safety, due to lack of resources or the family does not have the awareness that it
is a potential hazard therefore they do not see that it is necessary to build in the
rails for their stairs. And 7% without the rails but is not necessary, these are usually
the households that consist of stairs that only has a few steps. The 12% of the
houses in Bobok are one-story that does not consist of any stairs. In relation to
health, households that have stairs in their homes plays a risk for falls, especially if
there are children or elderly present. With the data, it is important build on
awareness to promote safety and prevent injuries to any member of the family.

58

Table 2.17 Walking Barefoot

Kawal
Entering
bathroom
Yes
No
When going
outside
Yes
No

Members Walking Barefoot

Japas
Culba
Otbong

Total

Percent

10
9

7
4

8
19

27
32

45.76271
54.23729

10
9

4
6

7
20

23
35

39.65517
60.34483

Members Walking Barefoot: Entering the Bathroom

Yes
No

59

Members Walking Barefoot: When Going Outside

Yes
No

The collated data shows a small difference between barefoot in the bathroom.
The thing is, there is nothing on the floor there that will get through the skin on our
feet, assuming we dont have an open wound. A clean CR would not have such
things as hook worms. Hook worm s needs atleast 5 days to develop from the eggs
that are released into feces.
A larger difference when they go outside: more people wear shoes or sandals
when they go out than when they go barefooted. Due to the mountain terrain, foot
ware is needed. Most fear having dirty feet and in underdeveloped countries where
parasites abound and sanitation is very poor, they could get seriously ill.

60

Table 2.18 Slippery Floors

Present
None

Kawal
4
16

Slippery floors
Japas
Culba
5
2
6

Otbong
1
26

Total
12
48

Percent
20
80

Slippery Floors

Present
None

This table shows the difference between the presence of slippery and nonslippery floors in all sitoi of Bobok. The data collected shows that 80% are the
families without slippery floor however 20% to those with slippery floor. It shows
that in relation to health, presence of slippery floors may lead to fall and injury.
Slippery floors are one of the most common causes of injury in the home. Slip and
fall injuries can have serious effects on the injured family member. The elderly and
children are at the greatest risk of slip fall injury. Therefore, it is very important that
floors are washed thoroughly and keep it clean.

61

Table 2.19 Domestic Animals that Bite

Present
None

Kawal
14
5

Domestic animals that bite

Japas
Culba
Otbong
10
2
20
1
7

Total
46
13

Percent
77.9661
22.0339

Domestic Animals that Bite

Present
None

It is evident in the gathered data that the most number of domestic animals
that bite are present among the families from Otbong that may actually be brought
about by the presence of larger area for taking care of animals and at the same
time the proximity of the place in the areas where there is an easy access to help
whenever in need. In relation to health, it may be implied that there may be greater
risk of injuries in reference to biting incidences and same through with infestations
when animals are not being taken-cared of. And that may be a possible area of
emphasis when health teaching for greater awareness of the effect of domestic
animals on health.
Since animals can help in ensuring home safety against burglars and culprits,
it may be insinuated that their presence in the home provide the feeling of safety
among family members. Domestic animals that bite are rampant because it helps
them reassure and at the same time it provides company to the family at home.
62

Table 2.20 Highway in Close Proximity

Yes
No

Kawal
6
12

Highway in close proximity

Japas
Culba
Otbong
9
2
2
27

Total
17
41

Percent
29.31034
70.68966

Highway in Close Proximity

Yes
No

The collected data shows that there are more families living far from the
highway than beside the highway itself. People prefer to live far from the highway to
prevent danger or illnesses (communicable diseases) and to be more private. They
also live far from the highway since farmers graze their animals there and it is
where they can plant for their living. Another reason why they live far from the
highway is that, there would be no noise coming from the neighborhood. Others
live near the street for easier access to transportation and it is more convenient for
them. Also, they have no choice since the house given to them by their parents is
already built beside the highway.

63

Table 2.21 Water Supply

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

Kawal
20

Water Supply
Source
Japas
Culba
11
2

Otbong
27

Total
60
0
0

Percent
100
0
0

Water Supply

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

The gathered data shows that level 1 water supply is being utilized by all of
the families in Bobok. It is provided by the municipality coming from wells/springs
directly going to their houses through faucets. It is also the source of their drinking
water and for their household chores. The water is safe and no occasions of any
problems regarding its portability were reported.
Majority of the people in Bobok does not pay any water bill since they have
allotted money for it that is around 300 pesos per household as verbalized by the
64

folks that were interviewed during our community visits and if their bill exceeds the
said allotted money for them then the excess is what they are going to pay.

Table 2.22 Water Supply: Ownership

Familyowned
Shared

Kawal

Japas

0
20

11

Ownership
Culba

Otbong

Total

Percent

27

0
60

0
100

Ownership

Family-owned
Shared

The gathered data shows that shared ownership is being utilized by all of the
families in Bobok. 100% of the residents in the area share their household with their
relatives because most of them belong to extended family type. The household
responsibilities were being divided by each family member, leading to lighter work
and less stress, thus most of the families preferred to share ownership of the house.
Convenience is also another factor why the residents choose to have shared
ownership of the house. Residents in the community also enjoy having a shared
65

ownership of the house because in case of emergencies, there will be enough

number of people to help.

Table 2.23 Water Storage

Kawal
Earthen jar
with cover
Without cover
Bottles with
cover
Without cover
Water
dispenser

Storage
Japas
Culba

8
4

15
1

11

Otbong

Total

Percent

11
0

20
4

25.31646
5.063291

15
3

42
4

53.16456
5.063291

11.39241

66

Storage

Earthen jar with cover

Earthen jar without cover
Bottles with cover
Bottles without cover
Water dispenser

The table shows that majority of families in Bobok utilizes bottles with cover as
storage for their water supply. Since their water supply is provided by the
municipality coming from wells/springs directly going to their houses through
faucets they easily stores it in bottles. It has the highest score than earthen jar and
bottles without cover. Majority of the family in Kawal and Otbong uses water storage
with cover to ensure safety of drinking water supply reducing the risk for
contamination.

Table 2.24 Water Storage for Cooking

Kawal
Water tank
with cover
Without
cover
Plastic drums

For cooking
Japas
Culba

Otbong

Total

Percent

14.28571

2
13

0
19

2
40

3.174603
63.49206
67

Tin drums
Others from
faucet

1
4

9.52381

9.52381

For cooking

Water tank with cover

Water tank without cover
Plastic drums
Tin drums
Directly from faucet

The table shows that most of the families store water in plastic drums, which is
being used for cooking. There are those families who own water tanks and are
being used as storage of water for their cooking, domestic, and other purposes.
Other families get water from the faucet and use this for cooking because they
believe that water from the faucet comes from the mountains, springs, and is
considered safe.
This has been used for how many years and other community members claim
that ever since they were born, this is being utilized and there have been no known
incidence of health problems as a result of using the water. Since this water will also
be boiled, there is also a possibility that microorganisms will decease hence, safe to
ingest.

Table 2.25 Potability

Boiled
Tested

Kawal
15
2

Potability
Japas
Culba
6
2
1

Otbong
5

Total
28
3

Percent
47.45763
5.084746
68

Not Tested

22

28

47.45763

Potability

Boiled
Tested
Not Tested

The data shows that families in Kawal improve their source of water through
boiling. Majority of familys water sources in each household are not fully tested and
safe enough for drinking as evidenced by a high percentage of water sources that
are reported to be not tested. Drinking-water suppliers usually rely on the results of
water quality testing for the presence of microorganisms and other contaminants to
check whether or not the water is safe to drink.
Unfortunately, overreliance on such testing has several major drawbacks like
testing water quality is costly and cumbersome, and this is especially true for small
communities. It is not feasible to test all water; only a fraction distributed to the
community can ever be tested. It often takes time for water quality test results to
be returned to the community or health authorities.

Table 2.26 When Last Tested

Kawal

When last tested

Japas
Culba

Otbong

Total

Percent
69

Yearly
Every 3
years
Every 5
years

0
0

0
0

0
0

100

When last tested

Yearly
Every 3 years
Every 5 years

This table shows that families are not aware of when was their water source
last tested. This is because they are sure that water comes from a natural source,
from the mountain springs. This has been used for how many generations with no
known reported health problems.
Since this has been used for years now, families consider it as natural, safe, and
economical without the test. But some families are also concerned and wanted to
know its safety, and if it is free from bacteria or other microorganisms so they do it
yearly for assurance and to prevent health problems from arising

Table 2.27 Toilet Facility

70

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

Kawal
5
14
1

Toilet Facility
Japas
Culba
1
0
10
2
0
0

Otbong
2
21
4

Total
8
47
5

Percent
13.33333
78.33333
8.333333

Toilet Facility

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

The table shows that majority of families in Bobok has utilizes type 2 toilet
facility. Untreated or improperly treated human excreta shall not be deposited into
any river, creek, pond, reservoir, stream, well, or any public place. They have a
toilet facility, and makes use of a dipper to flush away body wastes through a sewer
pipe which is connected to a septic tank. This indicates that families try to prevent
risk factors caused by bad odor from the toilet like for example, having flies and
insects in the toilet facility. Since there are also families who cant afford to have a
flushed type toilet, they still have an open pit in which they bury the human wastes
and later on used as organic fertilizers.
To conclude, construction and management (including maintenance) of toilets
must be carried out by the communities themselves, thus they built and utilize type
2 toilet facility which is easy to clean and manage. Due to economic impact, only
few in the community has type 3 toilet facility which is connected to aseptic tank as
evidenced by a low percentage of type 3 toilet facility.

71

Table 2.28 Ownership of Toilet Facility

Family
owned
Public
Shared with
others

Kawal

Japas

15
1

9
0

Ownership
Culba
2
0
0

Otbong

Total

Percent

25
0

51
1

86.44068
1.694915

11.86441

Ownership

Family-owned
Public
Shared with others

The data below shows that family owned toilets are common in Otbong because
most of the families residing there, lives far from each other and has their own land.
Having a family owned toilet has an effect to health of each family member. Family
owned is easily managed and vulnerable members of the family may decrease the
risk of acquiring communicable diseases which may be water-borne or air-borne
which may possibly be spread if it is shared with others or if it is public and used by
many.

72

Table 2.29 Sanitary Condition of Toilet Facility

No smell
Foul-smelling
With flies
No Flies

Kawal
15
1
7

Sanitary Condition
Japas
Culba
Otbong
9
24
1
2
3
6
2
25
3
22

Total
48
6
34
32

Percent
40
5
28.33333
26.66667

Sanitary Condition

No smell
Foul-smelling
With flies
No flies

The data below shows that flies are common in Otbong because the location of their
toilets has no screen windows or doors and flies are known to be easily attracted to
strong odors. Results also show that their toilets have no smell because members of
the family regularly clean their toilets.
Flies have been known to carry over 100 different kinds of diseases. Having flies
around the house may affect the health of each member of the family most
especially those who are vulnerable of acquiring a disease transmitted by a fly

73

Table 2.30 Garbage Disposal

Kawal
Landfill
Composting
Burying
Burning
Open dumping
Garbage
collection

4
5
4
13
4
2

Garbage Disposal
Type
Japas
Culba
Otbong Total
1 0
5
6
2
9
4
1
2
9
1
12
1 0
2
0

10
22
11
35
7

Percent
11.49425
25.28736
12.64368
40.22989
8.045977

2.298851

Garbage Disposal

Landfill
Composting
Burying
Burning

This table shows that burning was the most popular method of garbage disposal
observed in Otbong. In addition, other methods of garbage disposal (landfill,
composting) that has a higher percentage are observed also in Otbong. Burning is a
common method to dispose of garbage, particularly in rural areas.

74

Table 2.31 Sanitary Condition of Garbage Disposal

No flies
No smell
With flies
With smell

Kawal
7
8
10
6

Sanitary Condition
Japas
Culba
Otbong
3
11
3
11
8
2
12
6
2
3

Total
21
22
32
17

Percent
22.82609
23.91304
34.78261
18.47826

Sanitary Condition

No flies
No smell
With flies
With smell

From this table shows that the common Sitio who practiced or observed garbage
disposal who doesnt have flies and smell are in Otbong. However, Otbong has the
highest number who has flies in their garbage disposal. In addition, Kawal has the
highest number who has smell in their garbage.
Flies most common pests in and around homes. Garbage provides the main medium
for breeding of flies. The flies are eliminated by proper disposal of the garbage.

75

Table 2.32 Drainage System

Open
Closed
None
Continuous
Flow
Stagnation

Kawal
11
8

6
5

Drainage System
Type
Japas
Culba
Otbong
6
2
20
3
1
2
5
3
2

2
0

Total
39
12
7

Percent
50
15.38462
8.974359

13
7

16.66667
8.974359

Drainage System

Open
Closed
None
Continuous Flow
Stagnation

The table below shows that half of the households in Bobok have open drainage
system. The main reason for this is that the place is a rural area wherein having an
open drainage is more practical since there is a lot of land to be used. Also, majority
of the drainage systems have a continuous flow which is ideal or better than having
stagnation. Stagnant water can be a place for breeding insects that could carry
vector-borne diseases
76

Table 2.33 Sanitary Condition of Drainage System

Kawal
Frequented by
vectors
Not frequented

4
10

Sanitary Condition
Japas
Culba
Otbong
8
2

5
22

Total

Percent

17
36

32.07547
67.92453

Sanitary Condition

Frequented by vectors
Not frequented

The table below shows that majority of Boboks drainage system is not frequented
by vectors. This could be explained by the latter table in which it was shown that
majority of the drainage system has a continous flow making it hard for vectors to
breed in. Although a thirty-two percent of these families have drainage system that
is frequented by vectors, the problem could be eliminated or maintained at
minimum by continuous health education.

77

Table 2.34 Segregation of Waste

Practiced
Not
Practiced

Kawal
12

Japas
10

Segregation
Culba
2

Otbong
14

Total
38

Percent
64.40678

13

21

35.59322

Segregation

Practiced
Not Practiced

The collated data shows that most of the sitios like Kawal, Japas, Culba, and
Otbong practice waste segregation and only few parts of the sitios does not practice
waste segregation.
Their reason is that reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on the
environmental through reducing, reusing and recycling, and minimizing resource
extraction can provide improved air and water quality, resulting to high compliance
or practice by the community folks.
78

B. Family
Table 2.35 Types of Family
Types of
Family
Nuclear
Extended

Kawal

Japas
11
5

Culba
6
0

Otbong
2
1

16
11

Total

Frequency
35
17

67.30769
32.69231

Types of Families

Nuclear
Extended

The collected data shows that nuclear type family is seen on Bobok because of
instances that some of the families are migrating to other places to be educated or
to find a work. In relation to health, nuclear families have more focus on their
childrenthat are easily managed by health care team.
Nuclear family is greater than extended family because every family has its
own house even if they are all relatives in one barangay, they are more interested
79

to live with their own family member. Extended families are not common maybe
because the land they owned is too big that they can establish houses for every
family.

Table 2.36 Type of Family according to Decision Making

Decision
Making
Patriarchal
Matriarchal
Egalitarian

Kawal

Japas
4
3
9

Culba
1
5

Otbong
2
0
1

18
5
4

Total

Frequency
25
8
19

48.07692
15.38462
36.53846

Decision Making

Patriarchal
Matriarchal
Egalitarian

The largest portion was designated to egalitarian family structure, in terms of

who is ruling the family- the mother or the father. Both mother and father decides
on what the family do in problems.
80

Table 2.37 Type of Family according Bread-Earning

Roles/
BreadEarning
Mother
Father
Both

Kawal

Japas

3
8
5

Culba

1
3
1

Otbong

1
1
1

Total

2
10
15

Frequency

7
22
22

13.72549
43.13725
43.13725

Roles/Bread Earning

Mother
Father
Both

According to the table the largest portion who are earning are the males
particularly the father of the family. At certain point both mother and father
81

works for the family maybe because the salary of one is not enough for the
whole family.

Table 2.38 Ethnic Background

Ethnic
Background
Kalinguya
Ibaloi
KalinguyaIbaloi
Kankana-ey
Kankan-eyIbaloi
Kankana-eyKalinguya

Kawal

Japas

1
68
4

6
12
4

1
5

5
0

Culba

Otbong

Total

Frequency

11

6
28
0

13
119
8

8.176101
74.84277
5.031447

3
2

10
7

6.289308
4.402516

1.257862

82

Ethnic Background

Kalinguya

Ibaloi

Kalinguya-Ibaloi

Kanakana-ey

Kanakana-ey Ibaloi

Kanakana-ey Kalinguya

Most of the residents in Bobok are Ibaloi, followed by the Kalinguya. The mixture of
other ethnicities stem from intermarriages and the flow of people into and out of the
barangay.

Table 2.39 Religion

Religion
Roman
Catholic
Church of
God
Pentecost
CSPI
Born Again
Iglesia ni
Cristo
Saksi

Kawal

Japas

Culba

31

5
4
35
7

0
5
0
12
5

Otbong
4

Total

Frequency

15

56

36.36364

1
3
8
2

6
12
48
21

3.896104
7.792208
31.16883
13.63636

2
4

7
4

4.545455
2.597403
83

Religion
Roman Catholic
Church of God
Pentecost
CSPI( Espiritista)
Born Again
Iglesia ni Cristo
Saksi

This graph showed the relationship between the husband and the wifes
choice about their familys religion. 34.45% of the families being surveyed chose to
become Catholic and 33.61% of which chose to become CSPI (Espiritista). These
religion are the highest percentage according to the table. Being influenced by the
Spanish colonizers in about 300 years, the people tend to follow the same trend as
before. Though these sectors were subdivided into groups, they still share the same
vision and faith towards one God

Table 2.40 Occupation

Occupation
Business
Woman
Housewife
Construction
worker
Farmer
Truck helper
Sales lady

Kawal

Japas

Culba

0
4

1
2

3
11
1
1

0
8
0
0

Otbong

Total

Frequency

0
6

1
12

1.086957
13.04348

0
20
6
0

3
42
7
1

3.26087
45.65217
7.608696
1.086957
84

Helper
Student
Laborer
Retired
Store owner
Government
Official

1
9
3
1
1

0
1
0
0
0

0
5
1
2

1
15
5
1
3

1.086957
16.30435
5.434783
1.086957
3.26087

1.086957

Occupation
Bussiness Woman

Housewife

Construction Worker

Farmer

Truck Helper

Sales Lady

Helper

Student

Laborer

Retired

Store Owner

Government official

Most of the adults in Bobok are working as a farmer maybe because of the
wide land field for planting surrounding the barangay. It also shows that some of
their works are low earning jobs. But education is one of the most important factors,
thats why, many are still students. Some of them are remained in their houses
maybe because in our culture, elderly tends to stay at home and enjoy their
adulthood.

Table 2.41 Budget Per Month

Budget/
Month
Less than
1,000
At least 1,000
At least 2,000

Kawal

Japas

1
1
1

Culba

0
1
1

Total

Frequency

3
8
3

4
10
5
85

At least 3,000
At least 4,000
5,000 or more

2
0
6

2
0
0

4
0
9

8
0
16

16

Budget/Month
Less than 1,000
At least 1,000
At least 2,000
At least 3,000
At least 4,000
5,000 or more

Most of the adults in Bobok are working as a farmer maybe because of the
wide land field for planting surrounding the barangay. It also shows that some of
their works are low earning jobs. But education is one of the most important factors,
thats why, many are still students. Some of them are remained in their houses
maybe because in our culture, elderly tends to stay at home and enjoy their
adulthood.

C. Health
Table 2.42 Risk Factors

Alcohol intake

Kawal
9

Risk Factors
Japas
Culba
4
3

Otbong
17

Total
33

Percent
23.23944
86

Elevated blood
glucose level
Elevated
cholesterol and
lipids
Elevated blood
pressure
Family history
of cancer, DM,
HTN
Inadequate
fiber intake
Nutrition/ diet,
poor
Obesity
Physical
inactivity
Sedentary
lifestyle
Smoking
cigarette or
tobacco

4.225352

3.521127

14

20

14.08451

20

31

21.83099

4.225352

4
0

1
0

1
0

0
3

6
3

4.225352
2.112676

4.225352

4.929577

12

19

13.38028

87

Risk Factors

Alcohol Intake

Elevated blood glucose level

Elevated cholesterol and lipids

Elevated blood pressure

Family history of cancer, DM, HTN

Inadequate fiber intake

Nutrition/ diet, poor

Physical inactivity

Sedentary lifestyle

Smoking cigarette or tobacco

As seen above , alcohol intake is one of the most common risk factors of
health in all of the Sitios wherein a total of 16 families are exposed to this risk.
Second of the risk factors is the Familial history of hypertension , DM and cancer
wherein this factor is being aggravated by the alcohol intake of each of the families
in each Sitios. In this scenario , we can also see the sedentary lifestyle of the people
wherein alcohol intake and smoking is one of the most common precipitating factors
in alterations in health. The following such as poor nutrition/diet , elevated blood
pressure and physical inactivity contributes in the unhealthy practices of the Sitios
wherein there should be a intervention to be done to decrease the occurrence of
illness and disease in each of the Sitios mentioned above.
Above all of the risk factors identified , we cannot avoid these risk
factors due to the undeniable truth that the peoples life in the area is really
hard considering each and every aspect of health maintenance and health
care.

88

Table 2.43 Predisposed to NCDs

CVD
DM
Cancer
Respiratory
Condition
D.

Kawal
34
16
17
11

Predisposed to NCDs
Japas
Culba Otbong
9
7
21
3
2
6
5
7
4
0

Total
71
27
33

Percent
46.40523
17.64706
21.56863

22

14.37908

Predisposed to Non-Communicable Diseases

CVD

DM

Cancer

Respiratory Condition

As seen on the table and pie graph , the most predisposed NCD is the
Cardiovascular disease wherein , as seen on the pie graph of risk factors , the
lifestyle of the families greatly affects the health maintenance and health care of
each family. One of the most contributing factor in the said problems is the
sedentary lifestyle wherein the community folks cant really avoid it due to some
practices and beliefs done in the community. Second in the list is cancer ,
undeniably , cancer is one of the most unpredicted NCD wherein , the sometimes ,
asymptomatic that it can only be seen on its later stages. Third is the history of DM
wherein , the community folks are not aware on how to manage DM such as
monitoring the blood glucose and how to intervene on its symptoms wherein these
symptoms later lead to further problems such as diabetes complications.
89

As the table and the pie graph tells , predisposed families to these NCDs are
highly exposed due to the lack of intervention caused by the lack of resources and
manpower which leads to poor health care being catered to the families in each
Sitios.

Table 2.44 Risk Factors Leading to Communicable Disease

Kawal
Exposure to a
suspect/
registered TB
case
Exposure to a
respiratoryrelated CD
Lives in a known
Dengue-Infected
Area
Does NOT
regularly
practice:
Changing water/
scrubbing sides
of vases
Not cleaning
surroundings
Non disposal of
empty cans,
bottles
Not keeping
water containers
covered
Too many
clothes hanging
inside the house
Poor
environmental
sanitation
Non-potable
water supply

Risk Factors Leading to CDs

Japas
Culba
Otbong

Total

Percent

0.952381

3.809524

4.761905

0.952381

17

25

23.80952

3.809524

6.666667

15

14.28571

13

12.38095

12

11.42857

11

10.47619
90

Unsanitary food
sources,
preparation
Fond of eating
street foods
Malnourished

4.761905

1
0

0
0

1
0

0
0

2
0

1.904762
0

Risk Factors Leading to CDs

Exposure to a suspect/registered TB case

Exposure to a respiratory-related Communicable disease
Lives in a known Dengue-infected Area
Changing water/scrubbing sides of vases
Not keeping water containers covered
not cleaning surroundings
non disposal of empty cans, bottles
too many clothes hanging inside the house
poor environmental sanitation
non-potable water supply
unsanitary food sources, preparation
fond of eating street foods
malnourished

As the table and pie graph says , one of the most factor that increases the
risk on CDs is the water containers that are not covered. Water containers
that are not covered are exposed to microorganisms that may lead to CD ,
furthermore , its also exposed to vectors such as mosquitoes and other
vectors that may lead to further problems such as pests. Water is one of the
most consumed by humans to survive, but , its also one of the most common
cause of diseases because of the problems like its potability and safety due to
the pipeline being used. Following on the risk factors that leads to CD is the
unsanitary environment/poor environmental sanitation and nondisposal of
cans bottles etc. . We all know that unsanitary conditions anywhere in the
world greatly contributes in the health of each and everyone in the
community. Proper sanitation and waste disposal in the environment greatly
decreases the risk in CDs and other risk factors that compromises health in
91

the community. Basically , a good environmental sanitation and waste

disposal contributes in the development of the community not just in health
but also in the promotion of the areas natural environment.

Table 2.45 Predisposition to Communicable Disease

PTB
Other
respiratory
diseases
Dengue and
other
mosquitoborne disease
Diarrheal
disease
E.

Kawal
0

Predisposed to CDs
Japas
Culba
Otbong
1
0
0

Total
1

Percent
1.666667

8.333333

27

37

61.66667

11

17

28.33333

92

Predisposed to Communicable Disease

PTB
Other respiratory Diseases
Dengue and other mosquito-borne disease
Diarrheal disease

As seen above on the risk factors leading to CDs. Top one in the list is the water
containers not covered wherein undeniably the cause of the Vector borne diseases
such as dengue and mosquito-borne diseases. 31 families in all of the Sitios are
predisposed in this disease mainly because of the not practicing of proper water
storage and keeping the environment clean and green. The environment really
affects the health in the community wherein , its not just you who will be affected
but also the whole community. We can see that the high number of families exposed
to CDs like vector-borne diseases greatly affects the health of the community.
Furthermore , the poor environmental sanitation and improper waste disposal
greatly affects the waterlines to each household. We can see that most of the
families drinking water comes from the spring wherein , the above mentioned
factors really contributes to diseases like diarrhea. Diarrhea is one of the most seen
CDs because of the fact that , the number of poor environmental sanitation and
improper waste disposal are high wherein it greatly affects the health especially the
water source of the community comes from springs in the area.

Table 2.46 Habits & Practices on Health Promotion

Never goes
back to
check up

Kawal
3

Habits & Practices on Health Promotion

Japas
Culba
Otbong
0
0
6

Total
9

Percent
10.46512

93

even if ill
Goes only for
check up if
ill
Goes for
annual PA
Dental exam
1x or 2x/
year

20

22

19

66

76.74419

9.302326

3.488372

Habits and Practices on Health Promotion

Never goes back to check up even if ill

Goes only for check up if ill

goes for annual Physical Assessment

dental exam 1x or 2x.year

The table and pie graph tells everything. We can see that the community ractice in
the health aspect is : Only goes to for check up when ill. The community folks are
used to practice this because of the fact that , financial resource is really hard to get
that health is given less attention unless its a worst or a life threatening situation.
The community folks are used to the practice that most of them are self medicating
themselves which may lead to further problems like addiction , toxicity and drug
resistance. Furthermore , the community is far from the health care services that
really impedes the health care that the community people really need. As to the
above factors mentioned , health service should not be minimal in the community
wherein , everybody needs health care services.

94

Table 2.45 Other Habits & Practices

5-7 hours
8-10 hours
More than 10
hours
Continuous
Sleep
Interrupted
Sleep

Kawal
14
31

Other Habits & Practices

Sleep
Hours of Sleep:
Japas
Culba
Otbong
2
0
24
3
2
16

Total
40
52

Percent
35.71429
46.42857

15

20

17.85714

57

27

88

68.75

24

13

40

31.25

Hours of Sleep

5-7 Hours

8-10 Hours

More than 10 hours

The Collected Data shows that most of the people at Bobok have an average of 8-10
hours of sleep, with a percentage of 50%. While there is a percentage of 27% of
people who have more than 10 hours of sleep and 22% of people who sleep 5-7
hours each night. This data shows that half of the people get enough sleep.

95

Continous Sleep or Interrupted

Continous Sleep

Interrupted Sleep

The collected data shows that people at Bobok have continuous sleep with a
percentage of 69% than that of people who have interrupted sleep with a
percentage of 31%

Table 2.46 Naps

Naps
96

Absent
Present

Kawal
7
45

Japas
2
3

Culba
0
2

Otbong
21
16

Total
30
66

Percent
31.25
68.75

Naps

Absent

Present

The collected data shows that people at Bobok have present naps with a percentage
of 85% than that of people who do not take naps with a percentage of 15%

Table 2.47 Exercise

Exercise
97

Walking
Clean
Play
Work

Kawal
30
0
3
6

Japas
0
1
2
2

Culba
1
0
0
1

Otbong
22
19
7
10

Total
53
20
12
19

Percentage
50.96154
19.23077
11.53846
18.26923

Exercise

walking

clean

play

work

The collected data shows that people at Bobok do perform exercises, walking as the
number 1 exercise with a percentage of 67%, second is working with 20%, third is
playing with 11% and lastly cleaning with 2%.

Table 2.48 Relaxation Activities

98

Relaxation Activities
Japas
Culba
Otbong

Kawal
Music
Alcohol
Watching TV
Working
Listening to
radio
Sleeping or
resting

Total

Frequency

7
1
6
0

0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0

9
9
17
6

16
10
24
7

14.15929
8.849558
21.23894
6.19469

13

17

15.04425

16

17

39

34.51327

Relaxation Activities

music

alcohol

watching TV

Working

listening to radio

sleeping or resting

The collected data shows that people at Bobok have different relaxation techniques
such as Sleeping or resting with 52% , listening to Music and watching TV with 17%,
Listening to radio with 10% and drinking alcohol and working with 2%.

99

Table 2.49 Stress Management

Stress Management
Japas
Culba
Otbong
0
0
5
0
0
10
0
0
24
1
0
15

Kawal
Music
2
Gardening
5
Rest
7
Watching TV
5

Total
7
15
31
21

Frequency
9.459459
20.27027
41.89189
28.37838

Stress Management

music

gardening

watching TV

rest

The collected data shows that people at Bobok have different stress management
such as Rest with 35%, Watching TV with 30%, Gardening with 25% and Listening to
Music with 10%

100

CHAPTER III COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Problem 1: Hypertension
Cues:
S: Most of the community folks say that it is part of becoming an old person, love to eat salted
meat, with vices like drinking alcohol and smoking, complain of headache and nape pain and last
is because of stress from work and with family history of HPN
O: with BP greater than 140/90 mmHG
: Blurring of vision noted
: some of them have edema on peripheries
: some of them have clubbing of fingers

Goals:
To lessen the occurrence of HPN in the community
To promote optimum level of functioning by maintaining healthy lifestyles
To influence the way the community perceives about the condition
To provide consciousness and high saliency about its bad effects on their health

101

Objectives:
To provide adequate and sufficient knowledge about Hypertension
To promote positive behavior regarding prevention and control of HPN
To disseminate information about the use of herbal plants and its preparation to control
HPN

Interventions / Strategies

Recommendations

Family teaching about Partially Met: Since some of Endorse to the next group to
the strategies stated are not do Sitio Class in Junction.

HPN

Evaluations / Modifications

Sitio Class in Sitio

done due to bad weather Endorse

for

making it to be postponed reinforcement

further
of

health

Junction about HPN

particularly the sitio class.

teachings given.

Information
Dissemination

about

the use of herbal plants

and its preparation to
control HPN

102

Problem 2: Improper Garbage disposals

Cues:
S: A community folk has verbalized that they make compose pit to burn the nonbiodegradable
and some biodegradable garbages are used as fertilizer in the garden
O: pile of plastics were seen along the roads (with pictures, refer to Documentation)

Goal: The community people will be able to segregate and dispose garbage properly to avoid
occurrence of diseases
Objectives:
To increase the peoples awareness regarding the effect of improper disposal of garbage
To promote the practice of doing proper disposal and segregation of garbage

Interventions / Strategies

Evaluation / Modification

Recommendations

103

Assessment through home

Partially Met: Some The group would like to

of

community

were not carried out conducted

people

the

strategies recommend that a survey be

visits - Observation of the

the possible

concerning
health

regarding the disposal of

during

garbage

community exposure experienced

Health education- Family

teaching about the proper

the

problems
by

the

due to unforeseen community. To coordinate to

circumstances

segregation and disposal of

garbage

barangay officials about the

garbage

disposal

for

collection

Problem 3: Regular check-ups

Cues:
S: Most of the community folks says that they only visit the health center when they are only
ill or sick because of the far distance of their houses from the health center and because of their
work
O:Most of the houses are located far from the health center as seen in the spot map and mostly,
their work is gardening which they spent their time

Goal:
To lessen any occurrence of diseases in the community
To promote optimum level of functioning by maintaining their health
104

 To influence the way the community perceives about their health

To provide consciousness and high salience on the importance of regular check ups
Objectives:
To provide adequate and sufficient knowledge on the importance of regular check ups
To promote positive behavior on having regular check-ups
Interventions / Strategies

Evaluation / Modification

Assessment through home

visits

regarding

regular

Health education- Family

teaching
theimportance
check ups

Partially Met: Some The group would like to

of

the

strategies recommend that a survey be

were not carried out conducted concerning other

check ups

Recommendations

about
of

regular

during

the reasons

for

not

having

community exposure regular checkups and on

due to unforeseen what
circumstances

are

the

possible

and solutions. And endorse for

some of the families further

reinforcement

of

are not visited and health teachings given

teached since they
are not home most
of the time

105

Problem 4:Presence of breeding/resting places of vectors

Cues:
O: Mostly most of the houses visited has an open drainage system which is the breeding and
resting site of vectors. Some of the vectors are also seen outside of their home

Goal:
To increase the peoples awareness regarding the effect of presence of vectors at home
To promote practice of maintaining cleanliness at home and environment
To lessen any occurrence of diseases in the community caused by vectors
Objectives:
To provide adequate and sufficient knowledge about harmful effects of vectors
To promote positive behavior and practice on maintaining cleanliness on surroundings
Interventions / Strategies

Evaluation / Modification

Assessment through home

Recommendations

Partially Met: Some The group would like to

strategies recommend that a survey be

visits - Observation of the

of

community

were not carried out conducted

regarding

people
presence

of

the

during

the possible

concerning
health

the

problems

breeding or resting site of

community exposure experienced

by

the

vectors in their home

due to lack of time community.Endorse

for
106

Health education- Family

and some of the further

teaching

reinforcement

about

the

families are not on dissemination

of

the

their home when we teachings given

cleanliness

surroundings and harmful

of

and
health

visit them

effect of vectors

Problem 5: Cough and Colds

Cues:
S: Report by the public health nurse that there was an increase in Acute Respiratory Infections
O: 19 reported cases in January 2016
Goals:
Goals:
To lessen the occurrence of cough and colds in the community
To promote optimum level of functioning by maintaining healthy lifestyles
To influence the way the community perceives about the condition
To provide consciousness and high saliency about its bad effects on their health

Objectives:
To provide adequate and sufficient knowledge about Cough and colds
To promote positive behavior regarding prevention and control of HPN
To promote awareness on how to reduce chances of spreading communicable diseases to
other family members
107

 To promote utilization of community resources openly available in resolving the

condition experienced
Interventions / Strategies

Evaluation / Modification

Health education- Family

teaching

about

Cough

and colds

Sitio class about Acute

respiratory infection

Partially
though

Met:
sitioclass

Recommendations

Even Endorse

for

further

are reinforcement

done successfully on 4 dissemination

and
of

health

Ps members. Some of teachings given

the strategies were not
carried out during the
community

exposure

due to lack of time and

some of the families are
not on their home when
we visit them

Problem 6:Faulty Eating Habits

Cues:
S: One community folk said that vegetables are easily accesible and seen in their but he is fund
of eating fatty and salty foods and also an alcohol drinker
O:Mostly most of the houses visited and interviewed said that they eat sometimes vegetables and
fatty and salty foods.

108

Goals:
To promote optimum level of functioning by maintaining healthy lifestyles
To influence the way the community perceives about their health
To provide consciousness and high saliency about its bad effects on their health

Objectives:
To provide adequate and sufficient knowledge about healthy lifestyle and diet
To promote positive behavior regarding healthy lifestyle and diet
To promote utilization of community resources openly available such as the health care
unit that are open to help the community
Interventions / Strategies

Evaluation / Modification

Assessment through home

visits

community

interview
about

the
their

lifestyle such as the diet

Health
teaching

educationabout

lifestyle and diet

Family
healthy

Recommendations

Partially Met: Some The group would like to

of the strategies were recommend that a survey be
not carried out during conducted
the

community possible

concerning
health

exposure due to lack experienced

the

problems
by

the

of time and some of community.Endorse

for

the families are not further

and

reinforcement

on their home when dissemination

of

health
109

we visit them

teachings given

110