Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY - ORMOC CITY CAMPUS

Ormoc City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Mechanical Engineering Preboard Examination
Monday, January 09, 2017
07:30 a.m.

12:30 p.m.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

SET B

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one
answer for each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the
answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No.2 only.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.

A gas is heated at a constant temperature of 550 C until the entropy increases by 3.00 x 10 6
J/K. How much heat is added?
A. 2.5 GJ *
C. 2.7 GJ
B. 2.9 GJ
D. 3.1 GJ

2.

What would be the resistance of the scale deposit if the overall heat transfer coefficient for a
tube reduced from 1,500 W/m2 K to 1,100 W/m2 K?
A. 2500 W/m2 K
C. 3500 W/m2 K
2
B. 4125 W/m K *
D. 5550 W/m2 K

3.

How many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a
temperature of 800C?
A. 5.34 kW*
C. 6.34 kW
B. 4.34 kW
D. 3.34 kW

4.

A dam 15 m high has a water behind it to a depth of 10 m. What is the overturning force per
meter of width?
A. 1.6 MJ *
C. 2.0 MJ
B. 1.8 MJ
D. 2.3 MJ

5.

A two meter I.D. pipe is flowing half full. What is the hydraulic radius?
A. 1.00 m
C. 1.50 m
B. 0.50 m *
D. 1.75 m

6.

Why must instrumentation and measurement equipment be maintained to provide accurate

measurements?
A. It is in the union contract
B. The insurance company requires it
C. To keep tabs on the manufacturing process
D. To ensure part replacement compatibility *

7.

A large paper plant uses its own cogeneration power plant to generate its electricity because
A. it permits the use of a more efficient generator
B. the company can better control the voltage
C. it does away with high power lines leading to the plant
D. it provides a more efficient conversion of fuel *

8.

A large municipal power plant produces 1,000 MW of power. The overall plant efficiency is 32 %.
Coal with a heating value of 24 MJ/kg is used to heat the boilers. How much coal is burned each
day?
A. 10,500 metric tons
C. 12,000 metric tons
B. 11,250 metric tons *
D. 12,500 metric tons

9.

An office air conditioning system drew in a quantity of hot air from outside, cooled it to 1 C, and
mixed it with the internal air of a building. Care was taken to supply enough fresh air to
eliminate objectionable odors. The temperature of the space was maintained constant, and yet
some people became uncomfortable in the afternoon. Why?
A. The relative humidity had dropped *

B. When a person spends a long time at a constant temperature that person becomes
uncomfortable
C. Radiant heat from others in the office made the space uncomfortable
D. The complainers were not really uncomfortable, they were just bored
10.

What would be the cooling requirement due to the emission of a body heat to maintain a
comfortable temperature in a dance hall that had an attendance of 1500 people if it has been
determined that 75 % of the people will be dancing and the others will be seated. Tests have
shown that an adult will give off 71.8 W of sensible heat while engaging in moderate dancing,
and 57.1 W of sensible heat while sitting. The latent heat emissions for similar situations have
been found to equal 177.3 W for dancers, and 45.4 sitters.
A. 200 kW
C. 267 kW
B. 301 kW
D. 319 kW *

11.

A refrigerator is rated at USA one ton capacity. It maintains a cooling temperature of 4.4 C
(evaporator temperature). A refrigerant with a refrigerating effect of 136 kJ/kg is in the
condenser just ahead of the expansion valve. If the refrigerant vapor has a density of 19.80
kg/m3 what should be the capacity of the compressor?
A. 0.078 m3/min *
C. 0.091 m3/min
3
B. 0.102 m /min
D. 0.113 m3/min

12.

The volumetric output of a centrifugal pump is reduced by closing a valve part way on the intake
side of the pump, throttling the intake. The reduction of flow is accompanied by popping
noises which seem to come from inside the case. What is the probable cause?
A. The impeller has broken
B. Dirt particles have got into the pump intake
C. The intake valve flow seal is loose and vibrates
D. The fluid is cavitating *

13.

A centrifugal pump pumps water at the rate of 1000 L/min against a head of 10 m. What is the
power requirement?
A. 1.59 kW
C. 1.98 kW
B. 1.63 kW *
D. 1.07 kW

14.

A fan delivers 225 m3 of standard air per minute against a back pressure of 10.0 cm of water to
a coal burning furnace. What power is required to operate the fan if it is 85 % efficient?
A. 4.33 kW *
C. 3.95 kW
B. 3.68 kW
D. 4.87 kW

15. Compute the available power if a hydropower station has an average flow of 1,500 cubic meters
per second and a head of 420 meters.
A. 8420 MW
C. 63 MW
B. 45 MW
D. 6174 MW
16. A turbine with an overall efficiency of 85% is supplied with 8 cubic meters per second of water
under a net head of 200 meters. Calculate the power developed by the turbine.
A. 15696.0 kW
C. 17585.5 kW
B. 13341.6 kW
D. 11230.4 kW
17.

An engine operating on a Carnot cycle between temperatures of 500 C and 30 C produces 50 kJ

of work. What change in entropy occurs during the heat rejection process?
A. -0.1064 kJ/K *
C. -0.2128 kJ/K
B. -0.1340 kJ/K
D. -0.2056 kJ/K

18.

Water flows through a pipe of 10 mm diameter at a velocity of 1 m/s. Determine the velocity of
water if the pipe diameter gradually increases to 15 mm.
A. 0.55 m/s
C. 0.44 m/s *
B. 0.33 m/s
D. 0.66 m/s

19.

Water in an insulated container is heated by 3 kW electric heater. In order to maintain a uniform

temperature inside the container, a 200 W capacity mechanical stirrer is used. Assuming heat
and work transfer to the water only, determine the change in internal energy of the water in 10
minutes of time.
A. 120 kJ
C. 1800 kJ
B. 1200 kJ
D. 1680 kJ *
In an Otto cycle, the initial volume of 50 cc of air and petrol mixture is compressed to 10 cc
isentropically with index of compression k = 1.4 . Calculate the thermal efficiency.
A. 47.5 % *
C. 45.7 %
B. 37.5 %
D. 57.7 %

20.

21.

A reversed Carnot cycle absorbs heat at the rate of 1 kW from cold chamber maintained at 250
K and discharges it to the atmosphere at 300 K. Find the work required for the cycle.
A. 1 kW
C. 0.2 kW *
B. 1.5 kW
D. 0.5 kW

22.

A steel plate of 10 cm thickness and 1 sq. m area is maintained at temperature of 600 C at one
face and 100 on the other side. The thermal conductivity of steel is 20 W/m K. Calculate the
conduction heat transfer rate through this plate.
A. 100 kW *
C. 200 kW
B. 300 kW
D. 400 kW

23.

A composite wall is made of 2 slabs with outermost surface temperatures maintained at 1300 C
and 115 C. The first slab has a thickness of 500 mm and thermal conductivity 0f 1.4 W/m K and
the thickness and the thermal conductivity of the second slab are 161 mm and 0.35 W/m K
respectively. Calculate the conduction heat transfer through this composite wall per sq. m area.
A. 2.45 kW
C. 3.45 kW
B. 4.45 kW
D. 1.45 kW *

24.

A hollow cylinder of 2 m length has inner and outer radius as 50 mm and 100 mm. The inner
surface and outer surface temperatures of this cylinder are 300 C and 200 C. Determine the
conduction heat transfer rate through this cylinder. Assume thermal conductivity of this cylinder
as 70 W/m K.
A. 126.9 kW *
C. 192.6 kW
B. 196.2 kW
D. 162.9 kW

25.

Steam is carried in a steel pipe having inner radius 5 cm and outer radius 5.5 cm. This pipe is
covered with two layers of insulation each 5 cm thick. The thermal conductivity of steel pipe,
first and second layers of insulation are 50, 0.06 and 0.12 W/m K respectively. The temperature
of steam is 225 C and the temperature of the outermost surface is 25 C. Calculate the
intermediate temperatures.
A. 224.97 C, 79.2 C
C. 224.97 C, 72.9 C *
B. 201.67 C, 79.2 C
D. 201.97 C, 72.9 C

26.

A coal fired steam power plant has to generate 1000 MW of electricity. The efficiency of boiler,
turbine and generator are 85 %, 80 % and 90 % respectively. If the calorific value of coal is 20
MJ/kg, calculate the fuel required for the plant per day.
A. 7059 tons *
C. 8001 tons
B. 6543 tons
D. 6666 tons

27.

A four stroke single cylinder IC engine develops 5 kW of brake power with mechanical efficiency
of 80 % running at 1500 rpm. If the mean effective pressure is 7 bar, find the diameter of the
cylinder assuming stroke and diameter are equal.
A. 97 mm *
C. 79 mm
B. 58 mm
D. 85 mm

28.

A petrol engine develops 20 kW of brake power. If the brake thermal and mechanical efficiency
are 25 % and 80 % respectively, calculate the indicated thermal efficiency.
A. 35.21 %
C. 32.51 %
B. 33.25 %
D. 31.25 % *

29.

An IC engine works with thermal efficiency of 28 % with a fuel having a calorific value of of
40,000 kJ/kg. If its relative efficiency is 50 %, find the specific fuel consumption in kg/kW hr.
A. 0.28
C. 0.32 *
B. 0.45
D. 0.25

30.

A 75 MW power plant has an average load of 35,000 kW and a load factor of 65%. Find the
reserve over peak.
A. 21.15 MW *
C. 25.38 MW
B. 23.41 MW
D. 18.75 MW

31.

A hydraulic turbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 m above it. What is
the minimum water flow in kg/s to produce a steady turbine output of 50 MW.
A. 50,247
C. 50,672
B. 50,968 *
D. 59,465

32.

A reaction turbine develops 500 BHP. Flow through the turbine is 50 cfs. Water enters at 20 fps
with a 100 ft pressure head. The elevation of the turbine above the tailwater level is 10 ft. Find
the effective head.
A. 130.2 ft
C. 110.2 ft
B. 120.2 ft
D. 116.2 ft *

33.

A hydro-electric plant discharges water at the rate of 0.75 m 3/s and enters the turbine at 0.35
mps with a pressure of 275 kPa. Runner inside diameter is 550 mm, speed is 520 rpm and the
turbine efficiency is 88%. Find the turbine speed factor.
A. 0.638 *
C. 0.836
B. 0.386
D. 0.386

34.

During sensible heating, the absolute humidity remains constant but the relative humidity:
A. increases
C. remains constant
B. decreases *
D. zero

35.

A 2.2 kW refrigerator or heat pump operates between 17 C and 38 C. The maximum

theoretical heat that can be transferred from the cold reservoir is nearest to
A. 7.6 kW
C. 15.6 kW
B. 4.7 kW
D. 10.2 kW *

36.

The isentropic compression of 1 m3 of air, cp /cv = 1.4, from 20 kPa to a pressure of 100 kPa gives
a final volume of
A. 0.16 m3
C. 0.32 m3 *
3
B. 0.20 m
D. 0.40 m3

37.

The relative humidity become 100 and where the water vapor starts to condense
A. critical point
C. dew point *
B. saturated point
D. cloud point

38.

A property of lubricating oil that measure the thickness of the oil and will help determine how
long oil will flow at a given temperature is known as
A. viscosity *
C. pour point
B. flash point
D. cloud point

39.

The Westphal balance is a laboratory instrument used to measure which of the following ?
A. volume
C. weight
B. mass
D. specific gravity *

40.

If the initial volume of an ideal gas is allowed to expand to twice its original volume and lower its
temperature by half, the pressure
A. doubles
C. remains
B. is reduced to one fourth *
D. is indeterminate

41.

A solidified form of carbon dioxide is termed as

A. clear ice
C. pure ice
B. white ice
D. dry ice *

42.

What is the Chemical formula of Ozone?

O3 *
C. O2
A.
D2O
D. O1
B.

43.

The temperature at which oil will vaporize and burn continuously

A. Cloud point
C. Critical point
B. Dropping point
D. Fire point *

44.

Which of the following is the chemical composition of fuel ?

A. 65 carbon, 35 hydrogen
C. 75 carbon, 25 hydrogen
B. 85 carbon, 15 hydrogen *
D. 90 carbon, 5 hydrogen

45.

In a standard Otto cycle, when the compression ratio is increased, then the thermal efficiency
A. will decrease
C. will not change
B. will increase *
D. cannot be determined

46.
A diesel engine consumed 945 liters of fuel per day at 35 oC. If the fuel was purchased at 15 oC
and 30oAPI at P29.00/L. Determine the cost of fuel to operate the engine per day.
A. P5677.50
C. P48,088.90
B. P4677.50
D. P27,127.76*
47. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32C, has an inside diameter
of 50 mm with 10mm thick wall. The outside diameter of corrugated asbestos insulation is 125
mm and the surface coefficient of still air, ho=12 W/m2-K. Inside the pipe is steam having a
temperature of 150C with film coefficient h1=6000 W/m2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and
asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12 W/m-K respectively. Determine the heat loss per unit length
of pipe.
A. 110 W
C. 130 W
B. 120 W*
D. 140 W

48.

A combustion equipment which is used for firing solid fuels

A. Stoker *
C. Fuel igniter
B. Burner
D. Air combustion

49.

A cylindrical tank 4m long and 3m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days can the tank
supply the engine having 27 deg. API with fuel consumption of 60 kg/hr?
A. 17.53*
C. 12.84
B. 5.84
D. 19.84

50.

An Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure ratio during compression.
A. 18.38*
C. 14.38
B. 16.38
D. 12.38

51.

A composite wall is made up of a external thickness of brickwork 110 mm thick inside which is a
layer of fiberglass 75mm thick. The fiberglass is faced internally by an insulating board 25 mm
thick. The coefficient of thermal conductivities are as follow:
Brickwork
Fiberglass
insulating board

1.5 W/m-K
0.04 W/m-K
0.06 W/m-K

The surface transfer coefficients of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m2-K while that of the outside wall is
2.5 W/m2-K. Take the internal ambient temperature as 10C and the external temperature is
27C. Determine the heat loss through such wall 6m high and 10 m long.
A. 330.10 W*
B. 230.10 W

C. 430.10 W
D. 530.10 W

52.

A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the Clearance of the cycle.
A. 9.11%
C. 11.11%*
B. 5.55%
D. 15.15%

53.

Indicator used to determine the anti-knock characteristics of gasoline

A. octane number *
C. heptane number
B. cetane number
D. dodecane number

54.

Why should you avoid bending or twisting of fan blades in an air conditioning unit?
A. It will not cause ice build-up
B. It will wear out the motor bearings & cause noise *
C. It may not slice suction line
D. It decreases the volume flow of refrigerant

55.

The total stack flow loss is usually less than what percentage of calculated draft ?
A. 4
C. 6
B. 5 *
D. 7

56.

An improved steam power cycle in which steam are extracted from the turbine for feedwater
heating.
A. Rankine cycle
C. Topping cycle
B. Binary cycle
D. Regenerative cycle *

57.

The carbon dioxide (CO2) percentage in the flue gas of an efficiency fired boiler should be
approximately.
A. 6
C. 18
B. 12 *
D. 24

58.

What kind of heat exchanger where water is heated to a point that dissolved gases are
liberated ?
A. Evaporator
C. Deaerator *
B. Intercooler
D. Condenser

59.

When water inside a beaker is heated; over a hot plate, the mechanism of heat transfer through
the water is considered to be
A. conduction
C. natural convection *
B. forced convection
D. radiation

60.

An ideal surface that absorbs all incident radiation, regardless of wavelength and direction and is
also considered to be perfect emitter is referred to as a
A. gray body
C. black body *
B. black hole
D. pin hole

61.

Which of the following controls flow of water to boiler in one direction ?

A. Globe valve
C. Gasket
B. Check valve *
D. Steam trap

62.

Generally steam turbines in power stations operate at

A. 3000 rpm *
C. 400 rpm
B. 1000 rpm
D. 500 rpm

63.

The surface temperature of the hot side of the furnace wall is 1200C. It is desired to maintain
the outside of the wall at 38C. A 152 mm of refractory silica is used adjacent to the combustion
chamber and 10mm of steel covers the outside. What thickness of insulating bricks is necessary
between refractory and steel, if the heat loss should be kept at 788 W/m2? Use k=13.84 W/m-K
for refractory silica; 0.15 for insulating brick, and 45 for steel.
A. 220 mm*
C. 260 mm
B. 240 mm
D. 280 mm

64.

A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 cm thick followed by insulating
brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall of steel 1 cm thick. The surface temperature of the wall
adjacent to the combustion chamber is 1200C while that of the outer surface of steel is 50C.
the thermal conductivities of the wall material in W/m-K are: firebrick, 10; insulating brick,
0.26; and steel, 45. neglecting the film resistances and contact resistance of joints, determine
the heat loss per sq.m. of wall area.
A. 1.93 W/m2*
C. 1.55 W/m2
B. 2.93 W/m2
D. 2.55 W/m2

65.

Most people are comfortable with the relative humidity of

A. 30 % to 70 % *
C. 10 % to 40 %
B. 20 % to 30 %
D. 40 % to 80 %

66.

What is the minimum factor of safety of a re-installed or second hand boiler ?

A. 4
C. 6 *
B. 5
D. 7

67.

Which of the following is not an instrument used to measure flow rates ?

A. Anenometer
C. Flowmeter
B. Rotameter
D. Velometer *

68.

When the movement of a gas vapor is effected at a low pressure i. e., up to 0.1 kg/cm 2, the
equipment used is
A. jet
C. blower *
B. compressor
D. fan

69.

A diesel electric power plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period, the plant
consumed 240 gallons of fuel at 28C and pruduced 3930 KW-hr. Industrial fuel used is 28API
and was purchased at P30 per liter at 15.6C. What is the cost of fuel to produce one KW-hr?
A. P6.87*
C. P41.07
B. P1.10
D. P5.00

70. A logging firm in Isabella operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric energy
requirements. During a 24 hour period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at 80 deg. F and
produced 2900 KW-hrs. Industrial fuel used is 30 deg. API and was purchased at P30.00/li at 60
deg. F. Determine the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.
A. 26.08%
C. 28.00%*
B. 34.23%
D. 18.46%
71.

States that the external pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure of every
point in the fluid by an amount equal to the external pressure.
A. Archimedes principle
C. Bernoullis principle
B. Pascals law *
D. Daltonslaw

72.

A heat exchange device used to provide heat transfer between the exhaust gases and the air
prior to its entrance to the combustor.
A. Economizer
C. Regenerator *
B. Reheater
D. Heat exchanger

73.

A change of phase directly from vapor to solid without passing through the liquid state is called
as
A. Sublimation
C. Solidification
B. Vaporization
D. Deposition *

74.

In terms of heat transfer, the use of a cooling tower is said to be more efficient and more
economical compared to an ordinary heat exchanger since
A. large volume of air is available and free
B. temperature profiles of air and water can cross each other *
C. large amount of water can be processed
D. a cooling tower is much smaller and cheaper than a heat exchanger

75.

A boiler where the water passes through inside the tube while the hot gases surround the
outside surface of the tube is
A. fire-tube boiler
C. stoker
B. water-tube boiler *
D. Scotch boiler

76.

The simultaneous on-site generation of energy and steam from the same plant output is
A. Regeneration
C. Binary cycle
B. Waste heat recovery
D. Co-generation *

77.

Which of the following indicates the water level inside the boiler ?
A. Baffles
C. Water walls
B. Fusible plug
D. Water column*

78.

A line that shows the relation of the steam consumption and the load of steam turbinegenerator.
A. Daltons line
C. Jonvals line
B. Willans line *
D. Rankine line

79.

In boilers, what is the maximum distance of any smokestack from any woodwork or framing ?
A. 405 mm
C. 305 mm *
B. 505 mm
D. 205 mm

80.

What is the temperature of a pure substance at a temperature of absolute zero ?

A. Unity
C. Infinity
B. Zero *
D. Undefined

81.

In cooling cycle, the dry bulb temperature (db) of the air is lowered. When this happens the
relative humidity
A. increases *
B. decreases
C. remains constant
D. increases or decreases depending on the temperature at which it is cooled

82.

A pipe with an outside diameter of 2 in. is insulated with a 2 in. layer asbestos ( k = 0.12 )
followed by a layer of cork 1 in thick ( k = 0.03 ). If the temperature of the outer surface of
the pipe is 290 oF and that of the outer surface of the cork is 90 oF, calculate the heat loss per
hour per 100 ft of insulated pipe.
A. 6,190 Btu/hr *
C. 7869 Btu/hr
B. 4560 Btu/hr
D. 3678 Btu/hr

83.

Which of the following converts energy of water to mechanical energy ?

A. Pump
C. Generator
B. Turbine *
D. Draft tube

84.

In gas compressors, when the volumetric efficiency increases, then the piston displacement is
A. increased
C. constant
B. decreased *
D. defined

85.

Which of the following smoothens the flow due to the nature of flow of the liquid from a
reciprocating pump ?
A. Air filter
C. Strainer
B. Air chamber *
D. Foot valve

86.

Pump whose purpose is to increase the effective water pressure by sucking water from a public
service main or private use water system
A. Submersible pump
C. Horizontal split-case pump
B. Booster pump *
D. Vertical shaft turbine pump

87.

When a solid material is said to be dry it means that

A. the solid does not contain any moisture
B. the solid still contains very small amount of moisture *
C. the solid contains equilibrium moisture
D. the weight of the solid is the same as the bone dry weight

88.

In case of axial flow compression for minimum fluid friction and blade tip clearance losses, the
blades of an axial flow compressor are designed for
A. 80 reaction
C. 60 reaction
B. 85 reaction
D. 53 reaction *

89.

This is the temperature of a vapor - gas mixture as ordinarily determined by the immersion of a
thermometer in the mixture.
A. Wet bulb temperature
C. Dew point temperature
B. Dry bulb temperature *
D. Saturation temperature

90.

A hot block is cooled by blowing cool air over its top surface. The heat that is first transferred to
the air layer close to the block is by conduction. It is eventually carried away from the surface by
A. convection *
C. conduction
B. radiation
D. thermal

91.

When drying banana chips under the sun, the rate of drying is faster
A. on a slightly breezy day
C. on a cloudy day
B. on a calm day
D. on a hot and windy day *

92.

As a liquid changes phase to a solid , its entropy_____

A. increases
C. remains the same
B. decreases *
D. constant

93.

As a gas is cooled in an isobaric process, its volume___

A. increases
C. remains the same
B. decreases *
D. constant

94.

During the compression process, the internal energy of the refrigerant vapor
A. increases *
C. remains the same
B. decreases
D. none of the above

95.

As the saturation pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator increases, the refrigeration
effect of the process ____
A. increases *
C. remains the same
B. decreases
D. none of the above

96.

The type of compressor that uses ring valves is a ____compressor

A. roller
C. rotary vane
B. scroll
D. reciprocating *

97.

A receiver tank is used to___

A. hold the excess refrigerant during lighter loads *
B. collect oil from the base of a riser
C. separate liquid from vapor refrigerant
D. all of the above

98.

As the refrigeration
receiver_____
A. increases
B. remains the same

99.

load

decreases,

the

amount

of

refrigerant

catering

through-flow

C. decreases *
D. varies

If the specific heat for a certain process is given by the equation c = 0.2 + 0.00005T Btu per lb
deg, how much heat should be transferred to raise the temperature of 1 lb from 500 R to 2000
R?
A. 394 Btu/lb *
C. 590 Btu/lb
B. 788 Btu/lb
D. 187 Btu/lb

100. If the volumetric efficiency of a pump is 95%, what is the slip?

A. 0.05 *
C. 0.00005
B. 0.005
D. 0.0005

SUBMIT THIS TEST QUESTION SET TOGETHER WITH THE ANSWER SHEET TO YOUR
WATCHERS. BRINGING THE TEST QUESTION SET OUT OF THE ROOM WILL BE A
GROUND FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION.