Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXAMINATION REVIEWER
Part C Earthworks
ITEM 100 Clearing & Grubbing
This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris as
designated in the contract.
ITEM 101 Removal of Structures & Obstructions
This item shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all buildings,
fences, structures, old pavements abandoned pipelines, and any other obstruction which are not
designated or permitted to remain
ITEM 102 Excavation
This item shall consist of roadway, drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of materials
Tests: Same as for Items 103, 104 and 105, whichever is applicable
ITEM 103 Structure Excavation
This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of bridges, culverts, underdrains, and other structures not otherwise provided in the specifications
If the excavated materials are washed, the volume involved shall be reported so that quality control
requirements may be adjusted accordingly (submit Project Engineer Certificate of Waste).If the excavated
materials are incorporated into the work:
Tests:
For every 1,500 m3or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 150 mm in uncompacted depth:
1 D, Field Density
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction thereof: At least onegroup of three in situ
density test. The layer shall be placed notexceeding200 mm in loose measurement or based on the result
of compacted trials.
E. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full days operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1) but not more than three (3)
samples shall be taken
ITEM 307 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX SURFACE COURSE GENERAL
This item includes general requirements that are applicable to all type of bituminous surface
courses irrespective of gradation of aggregate or kind and amount of bituminous material.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
For every 75 m3/200T or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion, Stripping and Bulk specific
gravity)
1 F, Fractured face
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
5 to 8 mass percent of total dry aggregates
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums or fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
For every 75 m3/130T or fraction thereof:
1 G. Grading Test
1 Ext, Stability Test
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full days operation: D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1)
but not more than three (3) samples shall be taken
ITEM 308 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX SURFACE COURSE COLD LAID
This item shall consist of constructing Bituminous Surface Course (Asphalt Cold Mix) prepared
in central mixing plant, laid cold on a prepared base.
A.AGGREGATE
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
Using cut back asphalt -- 4.5 to 7 mass % of total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt 6 to 10 mass % of total dry aggregate
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
ITEM 309 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCEMIXTURE)
This item shall consist of a bituminous stockpile maintenance mixture composed of aggregate,
mineral filler, hydrated lime and bituminous material mixed in a central plant.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
4 to 10 mass percent of total mix
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
ANGULAR/CRUSHED
0.68 m2/m3 of concrete
0.73 m2/m3 of concrete
0.66 m2/m3 of concrete
0.65 m2/m3 of concrete
Test:
For every 1,500 m3or fraction thereof:
a.) For a source not yet tested or failed in previous quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption,
Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight)
b.) For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorptionand
Abrasion)
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
D. WATER
Tests:
1 Certificate from Project Engineer or
1 Q, Quality Test if source is questionable
E. PRE MOLDED FILLER FRO EXPANSION JOINTS
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each shipment
F. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof for each size:
1 Q, Quality Test (Bending, Tension and Quality Analysis)
G. CONCRETE
Tests:
Compressive Strength Test on concrete cylinder samples, one (1) set consisting
three (3) concrete cylinder samples shall be taken from each days pouring and to
represent not more than 75 m3of concrete or fraction thereof
ITEM 406 PRE STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
This item shall consist of pre-stressed concrete structures and the pre-stressed concrete portions
of composite structures.
A. CONCRETE
Tests:
Same as for Item 405, Class P
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
Same as for Item 404
C. WIRE STRAND
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for every 20T or fraction thereof
ITEM 407 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
This item shall consist of the general description of the materials, equipment, workmanship and
construction requirements of concrete structures and the concrete portions of composite structures.
Tests:
Same as for Items 403, 404 and 411
Elastometric Bearing Pads will be tested to determine its quality
TABLES
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
MATERIALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cement
Asphaltic material
Asphalt mix
Aggregates
a. Coarse aggregate
b. Fine aggregate
Soil aggregates
a. Classification
b. Routinary tests
c. MDR test & CBR
Non reinforced
concrete pipes
Reinforced Concrete
Pipes
Steel pipe (galvanized)
MNIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
1 sample per 2000 bags
1 sample per 40T or 200drums
1 sample per 130T
1 sample per 1500 cu. M
MINIMUM
QUANTITY/VOLUME OF
MATERIALS FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
10 k
5L
20 kg
70 kg
50 kg
20 kg
50 kg
50 kg
2 pipes
1 pipe (1m length)
2 pcs of 100 mm long taken from
both ends w/ thread
3 units
3 units
1m
3 pcs 60mm x 60mm
2m
1 4L can
1 400mm x 400mm
1L
1 set (3 cylinders)
1 set (3 cylinders)
500 ml
500 ml
1 sample per 50T
1 sample per 100T
Minimum
cement
content per
cu.m
Kg (bags)
Maximu
m watercement
ratio
Kg/kg
Consistency
range in slump
mm (inch)
Designated size of
coarse aggregate
Square opening std. mm
A
B
C
P
Seal
360 (9)
320 (8.5)
380 (9.5)
440 (11)
380 (9.5)
0.53
0.58
0.55
0.49
0.58
50 100 (2 4)
50 100 (2 4)
50 100 (2 4)
100 max (4 max)
100 200 (4 8)
Minimum
compressive
strength of
150mm x
300mm
concrete
cylinder @
28 days MPa
(psi)
20.7 (3000)
16.5 (2400)
20.7 (3000)
37. 7 (5000)
20.7 (3000)
Type of test
Cement
Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregate
Grading
Specific gravity
Absorption
Unit weight
3
3
3
1
Grading
Liquid limit
Plastic limit
Compaction
CBR
abrasion
3
3
3
7
1
Asphalt
Paint
Physical
Physical & chemical
4
4
Concrete cylinder
compressive
Concrete beam
Flexural
Concrete core
Cutting of sample
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS
ITEM 104
Abrasion
loss
Plasticity
index
Liquid limit
Permitted
variation
from design
Thickness
of layer
Permitted
ITEM 105
ITEM 200
50% max
ITEM 201
50% max
ITEM 202
45% max
ITEM 203
ITEM 300
45% max
6% max
12% max
6% max
6% max
4% to
10%
4% to 9%
30% max
35% max
+/- 20mm
25% max
+/- 10mm
25% max
+ 15mm,
-5mm
+ 10mm,
-5mm,
+ 20mm,
35% max
+ 15mm,
variation
from design
Level of
Surface
Permitted
surface
irregularity
measured
by 3-m
straight
edge
Permitted
variation
from design
cross fall or
camber
Permitted
variation
from
longitudinal
grade over
25m length
California
Bearing
Ratio
- 30mm
-20mm
-10mm
30mm
20mm
5mm
+/- 0.5%
+/- 0.3%
+/- 0.2%
+/- 0.1%
+/- 0.1%
+/- 0.1%
25% min
80% min
-5mm
80% min
100%
80% min
DIMENSION OF PILES
Length of pile
Less than 12m
12m to 18m
More than 18m
REMOVAL OF FORMS
Scope of work
Centering under girders, beams,
frames or arches
Floor slabs
Walls
Columns
Sides of beams & all other
vertical surface
Minimum time
14 days
14 days
1 day
2 days
1 day
70%
70%
70%
70%
SIEVE SIZES
#200
#100
#60
#50
#40
#30
0.075mm
0.150mm
0.300mm
0.250mm
0.425mm
0.600mm
#20
#16
#12
#10
#8
#4
0.840mm
1.180mm
1.700mm
2.000mm
2.360mm
4.750mm
DETAILS OF WELDS
Size of fillet weld
5mm
6mm
8mm
10mm
13mm
16mm
Tension
Compression
Grade 40
24db
20db
Grade 60
36db
24db
Mass % passing
100
95 100
70 100
Mass % passing
100
85 100
1
2
Weight
25gms
50gms
200gms
300gms
500gms
1000gms
?
Answer: 101.86%
24. How many concrete cores shall be taken for one (1) kilometer concrete pavement?
Answer: 5 holes/km/lane
25. What is the moisture content of the soil having an original weight of 162.5 gramsand an
oven dried weight of 138.2 grams?
Answer: 17.58%
26. If the group index of a soil is high, what indication does it mean?
Answer: the soil is clayey
27. As a Materials Engineer, how can you determine that the sample placed in the ovenis
already oven dried?
Answer: if the sample reaches its constant weight
28. In oven drying a sample for test, what temperature shall be maintained?
Answer: 110 5C
29. Why is it that cooling an oven dried sample before weighing is advisable?
Answer: because it can affect its weight
30. What is the difference between hygroscopic moisture content from natural moisture
content?
Answer: HYGROSCOPIC MOISTURE CONTENT is the moisture content of an air dried
sample while NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT is the moisture content of the original sample
from the field.
31. For how many bags of cement does a 10 kgs sample represents?
Answer: 2000 bags
32. For 15, 000 kgs RSB, how many samples shall be submitted for Quality Test?
Answer: 2 pcs 1 m sample
33. An admixture is being introduced to the fresh concrete mixture for heavily reinforced
concrete structure using a pumpcrete to pump out the fresh concrete mix, what admixture should it
be?
Answer: Superplasticizer
34. What is the use of blown asphalt?
Answer: as joint filler and water proofing
35. What asphalt is commonly known as hot asphalt or penetration grade asphalt?
Answer: Asphalt Cement
36. How many days do the sample for Immersion Compression Test is soaked in water?
Answer: 4 days @ 50C
37. If ductility test is for asphalt, _____ is for cement?
Answer: Magnesium Oxide, Insoluble Residue, Loss on Ignition
38. Paint is composed of _____
Answer: 35% vehicle, 50% pigment, 15% beads
39. What is the size of tamping rod used in tamping concrete sample?
Answer: 16 mm and 610 mm long with hemispherical tip
40. What is the temperature to be maintained when curing sample after its initial curing?
Answer: 23C 1.7C
41. Concrete cylinders are cured and ready for test. Temperature between 63F to 85Fare
permitted for a period not to exceed _____ hours immediately prior to test if free moisture is
maintained on the surface of the specimen at all times.
Answer: three (3)
42. The molds of specimen not to be transported shall be removed after initial curing of
_____ hours and should be cured to the standard curing temperature of 73.4 F 3F
Answer: Twenty four (24)
43. High plasticity index means _____ of a soil?
62. How many samples should be taken for an asphalt mix for each full days operation?
Answer: at least one but not to exceed three samples
63. The thickness of asphalt core using a caliper is based on how many measurements?
Answer: four (4)
64. The thickness of concrete core using a caliper is based on how many measurements?
Answer: nine (9)
65. Failed samples do not necessarily mean that the structure it represents is defective, why?
Answer: may be the sampling is incorrect
66. The specification calls for a 1: 2:4 concrete mix. In a one bagger mixer, which of the
following amount of water is most likely required for the mix?
Answer: 20 liters
67. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine ______.
Answer: overheating during the process of manufacture
68. How many samples shall be submitted for test if 315 pails of flat wall enamel paint are to
be used in the project?
Answer: four (4) pails
69. Aggregate Sub base course has a volume of 5, 000 cu.m and to be laid in a
15cmcompacted depth. How many samples shall be submitted for CBR test and for sieve analysis?
Answer: 2 samples for CBR and 17 samples for sieve analysis
70. How many samples shall be submitted for quality test if 60 tons of Bituminous Prime
Coat is to be used in the project?
Answer: Two (2) samples
71. How many compaction tests shall be conducted for Item 201 having a volume of
8,250cu.m?
Answer: Six (6) compaction tests
72. What composed of Materials Quality Control Monthly Reports?
Answer: Summary of field tests and status of test
73. What is the required mixing of mortar for Item 505 (Stone Masonry)?
Answer: 1 part cement and 2 parts sand by volume with sufficient water
74. What is the required mixing of mortar for Item 500 (Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains)?
Answer: 1 part cement and 2 parts sand by volume with sufficient water
75. Before the project starts, the materials Engineer or the technician must have a program on
how many samples for each item of work should be tested based on the minimum testing
requirements. What program or report is this?
Answer: Quality Control Program
76. If sample splitter is not available for use in reducing samples for test, what is the
alternative way of reducing sample for testing size?
Answer: apply quartering method and get two opposite sides as sample
77. The road will not be opened to traffic until test specimens molded and cured have attained
the minimum strength requirements. If such tests are not conducted prior to the specified age the
pavement shall not be operated to traffic until _____ days after the concrete was placed.
Answer: Fourteen (14)
78. As the work progresses, the Materials Engineer should know how many sample has been
submitted and tested and how many samples are to be submitted, in other words the ME must refer to
what report so that he/she may be updated on the balance and on file quality test of the construction
materials being used in the project?
Answer: Status of Test
79. It is the minimum moisture content at which the soil can be molded without breaking or
crumbling up to 1/8 (3.2 mm).
Answer: Plastic Limit
94. Heavy rains occur the night before prior to your scheduled field density test, are you
going to pursue your schedule? Why?
Answer: No, because the moisture content is high and can affect the result
95. Checking the gradation of composite aggregates and asphalt content of asphalt mix can be
done by what test?
Answer: Extraction Test
96. What is the device used in testing for liquid limit test?
Answer: liquid limit device with grooving tool
97. What apparatus is used in plastic limit test?
Answer: glass plate
98. How long does a vibrator be inserted in a concrete mix?
Answer: not to exceed 15 seconds at 50 60 cm interval
99. Along the slope of high embankment _____ is provided as an erosion control measures
and also to improve the stability of the slope.
Answer: Berm
100. In soil and sub surface explorations for flood control design of foundation condition, a
soil sample was taken for field and laboratory tests. The test required for soil was taken, except
Answer: specific gravity, abrasion, water content, Atterberg Limits, gradation, compaction, relative
density
101. Structure crossing above such covered underground drainage conduit shall be laid at
least _____ above the top of the conduit.
Answer: 1.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m
102. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 30 kgs to a maximum of 70 kgs with atleast 50%
of the stones weighing more than 50 kgs.
Answer: Class B
103. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 15 kgs to a maximum of 25 kgs with atleast 50%
of the stones weighing more than 20 kgs.
Answer: Class A
104. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 60 kgs to a maximum of 100 kgs with atleast
50% of the stones weighing more than 80 kgs.
Answer: Class C
105. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 100 kgs to a maximum of 200 kgs with atleast
50% of the stones weighing more than 1500 kgs.
Answer: Class D
106. The maximum size of stone for stone masonry.
Answer: 150 mm
107. The maximum size of aggregate for item 300.
Answer: 1 inch
108. Required maximum liquid limit for Item 300.
Answer: 35%
109. Required plasticity index range on Item 300.
Answer: 4% to 9%
110. Range of sand size.
Answer: 2.0 mm to 0.050 mm
111. The ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids
Answer: void ratio
112. The ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids
Answer: moisture content
113. Significance of grading test are, except
Answer: Gives particle size distribution, measures permeability, capillarity, measures the
potential cohesion of soil
178. This item consists of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate, lime,
water in proper proportion, road mixed and constructed on a prepared subgrade/subbase.
Answer: Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course (Item 203)
179. The required plasticity index for Item 203
Answer: 4% to 10%
180. Maximum required mass percent of wear for the aggregate on Item 203
Answer: 50%
181. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 203 under grading A and B
Answer: 2
182. Item number for water?
Answer: Item 714
183. In Item 203, how much is the required mass percent of lime to be added to the soil
aggregate?
Answer: 3% to 12%
184. Minimum soaked CBR for Item 203
Answer: 100%
185. Required percent compaction for Item 203
Answer: 100%
186. Equipment to be used for initial rolling
Answer: Pneumatic tire roller
187. Equipment to be used for final rolling
Answer: 3 wheel tandem type steel wheel roller
188. The test on asphalt cement consisting of heating the asphalt in an open cup and passing a
small test flame
Answer: flash point
189. It is a manually operated device for deriving a measurement of roughness from the
surface profile which may be expressed in terms of International Roughness Index.
Answer: Merlin Road Roughness Measuring Device
190. It is used for the rapid in situ measurement of the structural properties of existing
pavement with unbound granular properties.
Answer: Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
191. What is the thinnest cut back asphalt?
Answer: MC 3000
192. In the construction of bridges projects, what is the method used to determine the casting
length of the regular piles?
Answer: Test Pitting
193. It is an equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints of a
concrete pavement, to determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in the design of an overlay,
and to determine the remaining life of existing pavement.
Answer: Falling Weight Deflectometer
194. What is the equipment used to pinpoint rebars, conduits, pipes, nails and other metals
embedded in concrete before cutting or drilling?
Answer: Rebar Locator
195. What is the instrument or equipment used to measure for surface test of concrete and
asphalt pavements as soon as he concrete has hardened sufficiently or as soon as the asphalt mix has
been initially compacted?
Answer: 3 meter straight edge
196. What is the latest state of the art equipment consuming radioactive material which is
commonly used in the compaction control of earth and asphalt road construction and in the
measurement of moisture content?
Answer: Nuclear Density Gauge
197. It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflections resulting from vehicle wheel
loadings. The results of the elastic deformation tests are used to evaluate the structural condition of
roads, and to help in the design of road strengthening measures and road capacity improvement.
Answer: Benkelman Beam and Deflection Logger
198. What is the instrument that is used for examining the quality of rigid materials such as
rocks and concrete? This instrument is a non destructive portable instrument with dimensions of
110 mm x 180 mm x 160 mm and its main uses includes the determination of concrete strength (either
in situ or pre cast),also to determine the presence of voids, cracks and other imperfections.
Answer: Pundit Ultrasonic Concrete Tester
199. Soil stabilizing agent
Answer: Lime for silty and clayey soil Cement for sandy soil
200. Water content at which soil passes from plastic to liquid state.
Answer: LIQUID LIMIT
201. Water content at which soil passes from semi solid to plastic state.
Answer: PLASTIC LIMIT
202. Water content at which soil passes from solid to semi solid.
Answer: SHRINKAGE LIMIT
203. Steel bars placed along longitudinal joints to hold the adjoining slabs together are called
_____
Answer: tie bars
204. The concrete pavement surface shows high spots of 15 mm in a 3 m straightedge. The
concrete in the area represented by these high spots _____
Answer: shall be removed and replaced (but if high spots being noted exceeds3 mm but not
exceeding 12 mm, it shall be ground down only.
205. The calibration of the Universal testing machine is conducted _____
Answer: Once a year
206. What is the sampling requirement of bituminous mixture?
Answer: 1 sample per 130 tonnes
207. What is the depth of the thermometer inserted in the bituminous mixture?
Answer: 2
208. In the design of bituminous mix, the design criteria for stability under the Marshall
Stability Method for heavy traffic is ____
Answer: 1800 lbs
209. The stability criteria of the Marshall Stability Method is the maximum load resistance
that a specimen will develop at _____
Answer: 60
210. Bituminous mix specimens are compacted at how many blows at each end for a heavy
traffic design under the Marshall Stability Method?
Answer: 75 blows
211. In a penetration test, if the penetration is 9. What is the grade of the asphalt?
Answer: 85 100
212. In case of scarcity or non availability of Type I Portland cement, what type of pozzolan
shall be used?
Answer: Portland Pozzolan Cement Type 1P
213. The required flexural strength of concrete beam sample of Item 311 when tested by the
midpoint method.
Answer: 4.50 MPa
214. The required forms to be used in concrete pavement are _____
Answer: Steel forms of an approved section
215. Sowing of the weakened plane joints shall be done usually at _____
Answer: Within 24 hours
238. Minimum thickness measured perpendicular to the slope using Class D stones for riprap.
Answer: 800 mm (Class A 300 mm; Class B 500 mm; Class C 600 mm)
239. This item shall consist of preparing and bearing an existing bituminous or cement
concrete surface with bituminous materials preparatory to the construction of bituminous surface
course.
Answer: Tack Coat
240. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using asphalt cement?
Answer: 0.9 to 1.8 lit/m2
241. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using cut back asphalt?
Answer: 1.5 to 3.0 lit/m2
242. What is the maximum tolerance of the variation of the surface of Item 310 from the
testing edge of the straight edge between any two contacts with the surface?
Answer: 6 mm
243. What is the minimum dry compressive of Item 310?
Answer: 1.40 MPa
244. What is the required Index of Retained Strength of Item 310 when tested by
AASHTO T 65?
Answer: 70% minimum
245. Job mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 4 and larger sieve.
Answer: 7
246. Job mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No 8 to No. 100 (inclusive).
Answer: 4
247. .Job mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 200 sieve.
Answer: 2
248. The property of asphalt mix to resist deformation from imposed load.
Answer: stability
249. The property of asphalt mix to resist the detrimental effects of air, water, temperature
and traffic.
Answer: durability
250. The property of asphalt mix to withstand repeated flexing caused by the passage of
wheel loads.
Answer: fatigue resistance
251. The property of asphalt mix to bend slightly without cracking and to conform to gradual
settlements and moments of the base and subgrade.
Answer: flexibility
252. The range of aggregates composition in Item 310.
Answer: 92% to 95%
253. What is the test on asphalt in order to determine the effect of water on the cohesion of
the mix?
Answer: Immersion Compression Test
254. In temperate countries like the Philippines, what is the most commonly used grade of
asphalt cement?
Answer: 60 70 and 85 100
255. To determine the thickness _____ of asphalt, Immersion Compression Test is
performed.
Answer: stability
256. Percent air voids will _____ as percent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability.
Answer: decrease
257. To determine the temperature of delivered asphalt mix, what apparatus is used?
Answer: armoured thermometer
278. If it is impossible to air dry the sample under the heat of the sun, what alternative
should be used?
Answer: oven dry the sample @ 60C
279. Sample for compaction test should pass to what sieve size?
Answer: Method A & B use sample passing No. 4Method C & D use sample passing
inch
280. What is the difference between T 99 and T 180 compaction test method?
Answer: T 99 uses 2.5kg (5.5lbs) rammer with a 12 drop while T 180 uses4.54 kg
(10lbs) rammer with an 18 drop.
281. What is particle size analysis?
Answer: It is the determination of particle size distribution in soils by sieve, hydrometer or a
combined analysis
282. What kind of water shall be used in laboratory test especially if it deals with chemicals?
Answer: distilled water
283. Liquid limit brass cup w/ sample is raised and allowed to drop sharply on the base
through a height of _____?
Answer: 10 mm
284. How many rotations per second will the crank of a liquid limit be rotated?
Answer: 2 rps
285. In doing a plastic limit test, to what will the soil thread begin to break?
Answer: 3.2 mm (1/8)
286. What is specific gravity?
Answer; It is used in a gravimetric volumetric relationship in soils (or defined as the ratio
of the wt. in air of an equal volume of water at a stated temperature)
287. What is the approximate area for density control strips?
Answer: 335 sq. m
288. What Item of work is embankment?
Answer: Item 104
289. What kind of material for Item 200?
Answer: Aggregate sub base course
290. What is the required particle size for selected borrow for toppings under Item 104?
Answer: All particle size will pass sieve 75 mm or 3 openings and not more than 15 mass %
will pass 0.075 mm. (AASHTO T 11)
291. What is the minimum degree of compaction for Item 200 and 201?
Answer: 100%
292. What is the highest point in the moisture density curve of the moisture density relation
test or compaction test?
Answer: Maximum dry density (MDD) and Optimum moisture content (OMC)
293. What is the required size of calibrated sand used for field density test (FDT)?
Answer: Any clean, dry, free flowing, un-cemented sand passing No. 10 and retained No.
200 sieve
294. What is the standard diameter of an orifice of an FDT sand cone?
Answer: inch (12.7 mm)
295. What are the apparatus used in FDT?
Answer: sand cone, jug (at least 4 liters), guide plate, moisture cans, calibrated sand,
weighing scale, oven with temperature control, chisel or digging tool, plastic bags and labelling
materials (tag name)
296. How many hours do a fine aggregate tested for specific gravity and absorption be soaked
in water?
Answer: 15 to 19 hours
297. How to determine if the fine aggregate reaches the saturated dry condition?
Answer: It is determined by the use of cone test for surface moisture. If the molded shape of
fine aggregate slumps slightly, it indicates that it has reached a surface dry condition
298. What are the tests required for concrete aggregates?
Answer:
Fine aggregate = grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit weight:
Coarse aggregate = grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit weight and abrasion
Note: Soundness test is also performed as per request
299. What are the size or diameter and weight of cast iron spheres used in abrasion test?
Answer: Approximately 46.8 mm and each weighing between 390 455grams
300. What is the required total weight of sample for abrasion test of coarse aggregate, grading
A with 12 as number of spheres?
Answer: 5,000 grams 25 grams
301. What is significance of abrasion test?
Answer: It evaluates the structural strength of coarse aggregate. It gives an indication of
quality as determined by resistance to impact and wear. It also determines whether the aggregates will
have degradation during traffic or rolling.
302. What is the sieve used in sieving materials for abrasion test?
Answer: No. 12 (1.70 mm)
303. At what age should a concrete beam sample be tested for flexural test?
Answer: 14 days
304. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at third point?
Answer: R = PLbd2
305. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at centre point?
Answer: R = 3PL2bd2
306. What is the size of the tamping rod used is sampling concrete?
Answer: 16 mm and 610 mm long with the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of
the same as the rod.
307. Concrete masonry (hollow blocks) if subject to test, how many samples are required?
Answer: 6 pcs/10,000 units (12 pcs if more than 10,000 units)
308. What is the strength requirement for load bearing concrete masonry units?
Answer: Individual = 5.5 MPa (800 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) minimum
309. What is the strength requirement for non load bearing concrete masonry units?
Answer: Individual = 3.45 MPa (500 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 4.5 MPa (600 psi) minimum
310. What is the significance of testing reinforcing steel bars?
Answer: To determine the yield and tensile strength of the bar as well as its elongation and is
used to classify the bars into grade.
311. What is the significance of bending test for RSB?
Answer: To evaluate the ductile properties of RSB
312. What is the required testing requirement for paints?
Answer: 1 can (gal or pail)/ 100 cans (gal or pail)
313. SS l or SS lh is what kind of asphalt?
Answer: slow setting emulsified asphalt
314. For how many hours or how long shall a bituminous prime coat be left undisturbed?
Answer: 24 hours
315. What kind of asphalt is used as tack coat?
Answer: cut back asphalt
316. One (1) set of concrete cylinder sample shall be taken for every how many pieces of
RCCP?
Answer: 25 pieces
317. What is being determined in a core sample from asphalt pavement?
Answer: thickness and density of pavement
318. All records regarding quality control such as accomplishment, daily activities, weather,
etc. are recorded in a _____
Answer: Materials logbook
319. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is an in situ test that measures what?
Answer: depth of soil layer
320. The main problem associated with wrong practice of conveying concrete is called _____
Answer: segregation
321. A one lane road with a pavement width of 3.5 m and shoulder width of 0.5 m on each
side of the pavement was designed to have subbase and base courses with a combined thickness of
300 mm. If the thickness of the subbase is 125 mm, the spreading and compaction of the base and
subbase courses shall be carried out in _____?
Answer: three (3) layers over the full width of 4.5 m
322. During the application of the first half of the anticipated load a _____ rate of loading
shall be permitted?
Answer: higher
323. Quality of factory produced RCCP may be best established through what?
Answer: Test of concrete pipe samples
324. Soft and unstable soils were encountered during the course of subgrade preparation. If
you were the ME assigned to the project, what is the most effective and cheaper method that you
would recommend to stabilize the soil prior to the construction of the subbase course?
Answer: geotextiles
325. How many times per layer should a concrete specimen molded in a 6 x 6 x 21 beam
mold be rodded?
Answer: 63 blows/layer
326. Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce
excessive _______ or _______.
Answer: pulverizing of the aggregate, displacement of the mixture
327. In placing concrete, the required temperature should be less than ____
Answer: 29C
328. How many concrete cylinder samples is required for a 300 pcs RCCP?
Answer: 12 sets
329. If concrete cylinder is not available for a 300 pcs RCCP, how many pipes shall be
subjected to test?
Answer: 6 pcs RCCP
330. If there is a necessity to add water to the concrete mix in order to increase its workability
(provided concrete does not excced specified slump), how many minutes after the initial time of
mixing does adding water be permitted?
Answer: not exceeding 45 minutes and that water cement ratio is not exceeded.
331. What are the two (2) types of bitumen that are commonly used in the bituminous
mixture?
Answer: TAR is a viscous liquid obtained from the distillation of coal or wood.
PETROLEUM ASPHALT are the products of the distillation of crudeoil.
332. What are the three (3) major petroleum asphalts?
Answer: Asphalt cement, cut back asphalt, emulsified asphalt
431. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture of the degree of compaction of the
asphalt pavement.
Answer: Bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated surface dry
specimens.
432. The solvent in the extraction of bitumen.
Answer: gasoline
433. The percent of bitumen is computed based on
Answer: mass of dry aggregates
434. The method used to determine the grading of aggregate extracted from bituminous
mixture.
Answer: Mechanical analysis of extracted aggregates
435. A device used to determine the relative hardness of asphalt.
Answer: penetrometer
436. Volatization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.
Answer: Distillation
437. The measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.
Answer: Softening point
438. The Index of Retained Strength (IRS) is computed through the formula
Answer: (Wet Stability/Dry Stability) x 100%
439. The temperature requirement in initial rolling for Item 310.
Answer: 200F to 225F
440. What is the color of asphalt when it is overcooked?
Answer: yellowish brown
441. How many gradation ranges for Hot Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the
blue book?
Answer: seven (7)
442. How many gradation ranges for Cold Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the
blue book?
Answer: two (2)
443. The cored sample of asphalt pavement is measured at
Answer: approximately quarter points
444. Too much asphalt in the bituminous mixes causes
Answer: bleeding
445. What is the plasticity index of mineral filler?
Answer: not greater than 4
446. The wearing away of pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particle.
Answer: raveling
447. The interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligators skin
or chicken wire.
Answer: alligator cracking
448. It is prescribed in each project based on estimated quantities and specifies the kind and
number of test of each item of work.
Answer: Minimum Testing Requirements
449. If the coarse aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulphate soundness test,
the weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 10 mass %
450. If the fine aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulphate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 12 mass %
451. Additives used in concrete mixing.
Answer: admixtures
452. The test that determines the resistance of aggregates to disintegration by saturated
solutions of sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate.
Answer: Soundness test
453. The design of concrete mix specified in the bluebook is based on
Answer: Absolute Design Method
454. The initial setting time of Portland cement is not less than
Answer: 45 minutes
455. The final setting time of Portland cement
Answer: 10 hours
456. The standard sand used in testing the mortar strength of Portland cement
Answer: Ottawa sand
457. The apparatus used to determine the fineness of Portland cement by air permeability
Answer: Blaine Air Permeability Apparatus
458. A mixture of cement and water is
Answer: cement paste
459. The apparatus used to determine the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the
laboratory.
Answer: Gillmore needle
460. The compressive strength of cement mortar samples in 7 days is
Answer: 19.3 MPa
461. What is the appearance of the molded cement paste which fails to meet the autoclave?
Answer: crumbled
462. The critical number of days of curing of concrete
Answer: first seven (7) days
463. It is the equally as important as testing, and the sampler shall sue every precaution to
obtain samples that will show the nature and condition of the materials which they represent.
Answer: sampling
464. A soil sample received from the field for subsequent tests by reducing aggregations of
particles into sizes which will pass certain sieves.
Answer: disturbed samples
465. A procedure to recover relatively undisturbed soil samples suitable laboratory tests of
structural properties.
Answer: thin walled tube sampling
467. The representative who will witness the testing of materials in an accredited laboratory.
Answer: government
468. Samples obtained from the field with minimum disturbance by using any drilling
equipment that provides clean hole before insertion of thin walled tubes that is, both the natural
density and moisture content are preserved as much as practicable.
Answer: undisturbed samples
469. The type of additive that is used to delay the setting of fresh concrete.
Answer: retarder
470. The type of additive that is used to attain maximum early compressive strength of
concrete.
Answer: accelerator
471. The best enemy of construction.
Answer: water
533. Typically a plain or reinforced concrete that is usually provided to support a column.
Answer: Spread footing
534. Gabion dimensions are subject to tolerance limit of _____ of the manufactured state.
Answer: 3%
535. A field density result of 88% degree of compaction obtained on the subgrade indicates
that
Answer: compaction of the subgrade fails the compaction specs and needs additional
compaction
536. Liquid limit is usually
Answer: greater than plastic limit
537. The blue book requires that the base course be compacted at least
Answer: 100% modified proctor
538. As construction work progresses, you noticed that the delivered materials are different
from the on tested passed. If you are in doubt, what will you do?
Answer: conduct immediate re testing for verification
539. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the Materials Engineer?
Answer:
a. sampling of material
b. analysis of test result of material
c. scheduling of delivery of materials
d. design of concrete mix
540. Measure of construction materials for concrete structure shall be
Answer: volume
541. The moisture density curve if different from each soil. Which of the ff statement is true?
Answer:
a. granular, well graded soil generally have fairly high maximum density at low optimum
moisture content
b. clay soil have lower densities at OMC than granular, well graded soil
c. granular, well graded soil have greater densities than uniform soil at OMC
d. none of the above
542. What should be done on the subbase course with existing moisture content of 10%
higher than the optimum moisture content?
Answer: dry out to reduce moisture, spread to the required thickness and compact
543. The DPWH specs provide _____ tolerance for asphalt pavement thickness
Answer: - 5mm
544. Geo-synthetics may be used for
Answer: filtration or drainage, reinforcement, erosion control
545. Which of the ff. is not included in determining moisture content?
Answer:
a. beam balance
b. oven
c. moisture can
d. extruder
546. Steel bars are considered undersize if
Answer: its nominal diameter as determined by caliper doesnt meet the manufactured size
547. Samples of aggregates for base course when tested for quality the requirements except
grading. What will you recommend?
Answer: reprocess the materials by blending
548. Concrete curing refers to
Answer: procedure done to maximize concrete strength
549. What is the most inferior type of soil as to its engineering properties?
Answer: organic
550. What is the testing soil that involves the application of energy and addition of water as
lubricant?
Answer: Moisture Density relation test
551. The dividing line between gravel and sand in concrete pavement is
Answer: No. 10
552. What is the volume of the mold using 6 for AASHTO T 180 D method in compaction
test?
Answer: 0.002124 m3
553. A material resulting from the disintegration, grinding or crushing of rock and which will
pass 2.00mm sieve and be retained on the 0.075mm sieve
Answer: sand
554. What is ASTM?
Answer: American Society for Testing & Materials
555. What is AASHTO?
Answer: American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials
556. DPWH thru Bureau of Research & Standards has prepared a revised laboratory testing
procedure manual, in order to have be consistent with the latest methods as prescribed under
Answer: ASTM & AASHTO
557. What is the category of contractor that are required by DPWH to have laboratory
equipment or apparatus in pre bidding qualifications?
Answer: large
558. What is the maximum size of aggregate used in Item 104?
Answer: of the thickness
559. What kind of material that passes .001mm sieve?
Answer: colloids
560. In soaking sample for CBR, the water should at least _____ above the specimen
Answer: 25mm
561. A natural or prepared mixture consisting predominantly of stone, gravel or sand and
containing silt clay materials
Answer: soil aggregates
562. A rock fragment usually rounded or semi rounded with an average dimension between
75mm 305mm
Answer: boulders
563. The process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them denser
and grow straight.
Answer: Pruning
564. The road near or abutting a bridge.
Answer: Approach
565. Settlement of right of way problems should be done
Answer: before the construction work
566. Material that has the greatest load carrying capacity
Answer: sand and gravel
567. In hydrographic survey, sounding joints should be made at a maximum interval of
Answer: 20 meters
568. The use of geo-fabric material to increase the strength of the subgrade material for road
construction is classified as
Answer: Soil Reinforcement Method
569. What to recommend if the surface test of newly asphalted which showed a lump
Answer: remove and replace the pavement area with irregularity
589. What is the amount of cement to be added to the soil aggregates in Item 204?
Answer: 6 10 mass % of the dry soil
590. Who is the father of Soil Mechanics?
Answer: Dr. Karl Terzhagi
591. What is quality?
Answer: It the degree of excellence
592. What is control?
Answer: Is to regulate
593. What is quality control?
Answer: It is conformance to requirements
594. What is assurance?
Answer: it the degree of certainty
595. What are the two kinds of control activities?
Answer: Inspection and Testing
596. What is the minimum distance of water table from subgrade level?
Answer: 4 5 feet
597. What is the process of combining two or more soil in suitable properties to produce good
grading on gravel, sand, silt and clay?
Answer: Mechanic Stabilization
598. What is the common material employed in stabilizing the moisture content of soil or
liquid and hydroscope in nature? It is an aid in the compaction process by slowing the rate of
evaporation of moisture from the soil
Answer: Calcium chloride or rock salt
599. When do clay and granular soils become unstable?
Answer: Clay soil becomes unstable if moisture content increases. Granular material becomes
unstable if it has dried
600. Why do liquid asphalt was introduced in road construction aside from asphalt cement?
Answer: It was introduced in order to save heating costs and from convenience in road
mixing or priming
601. The theory of concrete design mix is to
Answer: Optimize aggregate packing and optimizes properties of cement mortar
602. To optimize the properties of the cement mortar, one has to depend on
Answer: cement type, cement content and water content
603. What type of cement is the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)?
Answer: Type I
604. What type of cement is the Moderate Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type II
605. What type of cement is the Rapid Hardening Portland Cement?
Answer: Type III
606. What type of cement is the Low Heat Portland Cement?
Answer: Type IV
607. What type of cement is the High Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type V
608. What type of cement is the Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement?
Answer: Type 1S
609. What type of cement is the Portland Pozzolan Cement?
Answer: Type 1P
610. Type I is for general use such as
Answer: pavements & sidewalks, buildings & bridges and tanks & water pipes
611. Type III cement is used for
Answer: early stripping of forms & high early strength
633. Concrete in the area represented by the cores will be considered adequate if the average
strength of the cores is equal to or at least _____ of the specified strength, fc and no single core is
less than _____
Answer: 85% of fc, 75% of fc
634. Fine aggregate shall be rejected when it fails in the _____ for organic impurities
Answer: Colormatic Test
635. Portland cement may be/shall be rejected if:
Answer: it has partially set, it contains lumps of cake cement and it comes from a discarded
or used bag
636. A measurement of the coarseness or fineness of aggregates
Answer: fineness modulus
637. An excess water needed for absorption of coarse aggregates
Answer: free water
638. What do you mean by SSD?
Answer: Saturated Surface Dry
639. A general term relating to the character of a mix with respect to its fluidity
Answer: consistency
640. More silt and clay content to fine aggregates is
Answer: objectionable
641. Type A admixture is classified by ASTM C494 as
Answer: Water reducing admixture
642. For core specimens, each lot will be divided into how many equal segments?
Answer: five (5)
643. The unit pressure greater than which progressive settlement occur leading to failure
Answer: bearing capacity
644. The recommended thickness of hot mixed asphalt overlay
Answer: 2
645. In the test to determine the moisture content of samples, the beam balance should be
sensitive up to
Answer: 0.1g
646. If a sample cannot be weighed within the prescribed time after being removed from the
oven, it will placed inside a
Answer: dessicator
647. Plastic and finely grain soil will require at least how many hours to dry at constant
weight/mass
Answer: 4 hours
648. A sample may be cooled at room humidity and must be weighed after it has been
removed from the oven within
Answer: 1 hour
649. Drying the material sample in the oven to constant weight at a prescribe temperature; the
drying time depends on the kind of soil and size of sample. A25-gram sample of sandy material will
be dried in about
Answer: 2 hours
650. Test conducted for buildings 3 storeys and above
Answer: Boring Test
651. A test to determine the moisture content of soil
Answer: calcium tri chloride
652. The aggregate crushing value of strong aggregate is
Answer: low
653. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying seated pavement
Answer: hot mix asphalt