MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

AR – 05014
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE &
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

B. Arch

Architecture
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PART I

CHAPTER I LANDFORM
1.1 Significance
1. Aesthetic character
2. Spatial sensation
3. Views
4. Drainage
5. Microclimate
6. Functional use of the land
1.2 Expression of landform
1.3 Landform types by form
1.4 Functional uses of landform
CHAPTER 2 PLANT MATERIALS
2.1 Significance
2.2 Functional uses of plant material
2.3 Architectural uses of plant material
2.4 Visual plant characteristics
1. Plant size
2. Plant form
3. Plant color
4. Foliage type
5. Plant texture
2.5 Aesthetic uses of plant material
1. Complementors
2. Unifiers
3. Emphasizers
4. Acknowledgers
5. Softener
6. View enframement
CHAPTER 3 BUILDINGS
3.1 Building clusters and spatial definition
1. Distance to building height ratio
2. Plan arrangement
3. Building character
3.2 Building clusters and types of spaces
1. Central open space
2. Focused open space
3. Channeled linear space
4. Organic linear space
3.3 Relating building to a site
1. Landform
2. Plant material
3. Building material
4. Transition space
5. Walls
6. Pavement
CHAPTER 4 PAVEMENT
4.1 Functional and compositional uses
1. Accommodate intense use
2. Provide direction
3. Suggest rate and rhythm of movement
4. Create repose
5. Indicate uses on the ground plane
6. Influence scale
7. Provide unity
8. Serve as a setting, background
9. Establish spatial character
10. Provide visual interest
4.2 Design guidelines for pavement
4.3 Basic pavement materials
CHAPTER 5 SITE STRUCTURES
5.1 Steps
5.2 Ramps
5.3 Walls and fences
5.4 Retaining walls
5.5 Design guidelines
5.6 Wall and fence materials
5.7 Seating
CHAPTER 6 WATER
6.1 General Characteristics
1. Plasticity
2. Motion
3. Sound
4. Reflectivity
6.2 General uses of water
6.3 Visual uses of water

Assignment 1
PART II
1. Base Sheet
2. Site Inventory
3. Site Analysis
4. Ideal Functional diagram
5. Site Related Functional Diagram
6. Concept Plan
7. Form Composition
8. Preliminary Master Plan
9. Master Plan

Assignment 2
Reference
Assignment 1.
Student is to analyze the landscape design of anywhere with the title of
“ Analysis of Landscape Design of -----------------------------------“
example
“Analysis of Landscape Design of Hlawgar Park” with the following title

Content
Introduction
Chapter 1 Factors for selected area
1.1 Location
1.2 Planning arrangement and size
1.3 Other factors

Chapter 2 Analysizing the selected area with Basic Elements of Landscape

Design
2.1 Analyze with Landform
2.2 Analyze with Plant materials
2.3 Analyze with Buildings
2.4 Analyze with Pavement
2.5 Analyze with Site Structure
2.6 Analyze with Water
2.7 Overall analysis of selected area

Chapter 3 Factors for Maintenance of selected area

3.1 Maintenance
3.2 Water supply
3.3 Other factors
Conclusion
Reference
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION

• Deals with integrating people and the outdoor environment, Continuous composition
of solid masses and open voids

• Landscape architects utilize a variety of physical design elements to meet their objectives
in creating and managing outdoor spaces for human use and enjoyment
• The art of design, planning, or management of the land, arrangement of
natural and man-made elements
• The landscape architect must possess knowledge and skills in a variety of related
disciplines including art, civil engineering, ecology, geography, sociology,
psychology, horticulture, and business
• The landscape architect utilizes two general sets of media to transfer ideas into a
comprehensible form:
o pencil, ink, magic marker, paper, cardboard, computer, and the like used to
portray a design intent in a graphic or model form,
o Landform, plant materials, buildings, pavement, site structures (stamps, ramps,
walls, etc.) and water used to create the actual three-dimensional reality of the
design.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER
• Natural Landscape
• Manmade Landscape

The design of landscape architecture also has the design principles such as
• Harmony and contrast
• Balance
• Rhythm
• Pattern, etc...

NATURAL LANDSCAPE
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Convex Landform in the ocean

Sandunes
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Snowy Mountain

Snowy Island
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Desert Land

Snow Lane
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Falling Water
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Lake, as a reflecting pool

Beach
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Valley Landform