Node.js开发指南中文正版

Node.js Node.
js
Node.js Web Node.js Node.js
Node.js Node.js Web /
Node.js
BYVoid
14
100061315@ptpress.com.cn
http://www.ptpress.com.cn
80010001/16
11.75
249
1 5 000
2012 7 1
2012 7 1
ISBN 978-7-115-28399-3
45.00
(010)51095186604(010)67129223
(010)67171154
Node.js Node.js
Node.js Web
Node.js
6 Node.js
2JavaScript Node.js
1 Node.js
Node.js Node.js
JavaScript
2 Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
3 Node.js
Node.js Node.js
I/O
Node.js
4 Node.js
HTTP Node.js
10
5 Node.js Web
Express
Web 2.0
6 Node.js
Node.js
AJavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript Node.js
JavaScript
BNode.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js Node.js I/O
JavaScript
Java C
JavaScript Node.js
Node.js
Web
JavaScript JavaScript DOM
BOM
JavaScriptCJavaC++C# JavaScript
Node.js JavaScript
Web PHPASP.netRuby on RailsDjango

Node.js Node.js
I/O
Web Ajax
JavaScript
http://www.w3school.com.cn/js/ JavaScript
JavaScriptA
A
Node.js JavaScript
Mozilla JavaScripthttp://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Guide
3 Node.js 4
Node.js API
5 Node.js
Web 6 Node.js
Node.js
BNode.js
Node.js
Node.js
http://www.byvoid.com/project/node
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js API http://nodejs.org/api/

CNodeJS http://cnodejs.org/
ituring.com.cn
10
Node.js Node.js
CNodeJS Node.js
Node.js
console.log('Node.js')
function hello() {
console.log('Hello, world!');
}
CNodeJS VMware
Rime
http://www.liyaos.com/
Dive into Python linuxtoy http://linuxtoy.org/
Rime WindowsLinux
Mac http://code.google.com/p/rimeime/
3
4
1 Node.js ......................................... 1
1.1 Node.js ............................................. 2
1.2 Node.js ......................................... 3
1.3 I/O ............................... 4
1.4 Node.js ............................................. 5
1.4.1
1.4.2
Node.js ............................. 5
Node.js PHP + Nginx ................... 6
1.5 JavaScript ............................................. 6

1.5.1 Netscape LiveScript ..................... 7
1.5.3
Java Javascript ............................. 7

JScript................... 8
1.5.4
ECMAScript ................. 8
1.5.5
........................... 9
1.5.6
JavaScript
.................................................. 9
1.5.2
1.6 CommonJS .................................................. 10

1.6.1 JavaScript .............. 10
CommonJS ................. 11
1.7 .................................................... 12
1.6.2
2 Node.js .......................... 13
2.1 ............................................ 14
2.2 .................................................... 14
2.2.1
Microsoft Windows
Node.js ............................................ 14
2.2.2
Linux Node.js ......... 16

Mac OS X Node.js.............. 16
2.2.3
2.3 ................................................ 17
2.3.1 POSIX ................... 17
2.3.2 Windows ................ 18
2.4 Node .................................. 18

2.5 ..................................... 19
2.6 .................................................... 21
3 Node.js .............................. 23
3.1 Node.js .................................. 24
3.1.1 Hello World .................................... 24
Node.js ....................... 25
3.1.3 HTTP ......................... 26
3.2 I/O ......................... 29
3.2.1 .................................... 29
3.1.2
........................................ 31
3.2.3 ................................................ 33
3.3 .................................................... 34
3.3.1 .................................... 35
3.2.2
3.3.2
3.3.3
............................. 35
............................................ 38
Node.js ........................... 41
............................................................
3.4
45
....................................
3.4.1
45
3.3.4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
........................................ 47
3.4.3 Eclipse Node.js.............. 48
14
3.4.4 node-inspector
Node.js ............................................ 54
15
3.4.2
3.5 .................................................... 55
4 Node.js .............................. 57
16
4.1 .................................................... 58
4.1.1 ..................... 58
17
4.1.2 process......................................... 58
4.1.3 console......................................... 60
18
4.2 util .......................................... 61

4.2.1 util.inherits ............................. 61
4.2.2 util.inspect ............................. 62
4.3 events ..................................... 63
4.3.1 .................................... 64
4.3.2 error .................................... 65
4.3.3 EventEmitter .................... 65
4.4 fs............................................... 65
4.4.1 fs.readFile................................ 66
4.4.2 fs.readFileSync....................... 67
4.4.3 fs.open ......................................... 67
4.4.4 fs.read ......................................... 68
4.5 HTTP .............................. 70
4.5.1 HTTP ................................. 70
HTTP ................................. 74
4.6 .................................................... 77
4.5.2
Node.js Web ......... 79
5.1 .................................................... 80
5.1.1 http ............................. 82
5.1.2 Express ................................... 83
5.2 .................................................... 84
5.2.1 Express ................................... 84
5.2.2 ........................................ 85
5.2.3 .................................... 86
5.2.4 .................................... 87
5.3 .................................................... 89
5.3.1 ........................................ 89
5.3.2 ................................ 92
5.3.3 ........................................ 93
5.3.4 REST .................. 94
5.3.5 .................................... 95
5.4 .................................................... 97
5.4.1 ............................. 97
5.4.2 ................................ 98
5.4.3 ........................................ 99
5.4.4 ...................................... 100
5.4.5 ...................................... 100
5.5 .......................................... 102
5.5.1 ...................................... 102
5.5.2
5.5.3
...................................... 102
...................................... 103
5.5.4 Bootstrap .............................. 104

5.6 ...................................... 107
5.6.1 .................................. 107
5.6.2
5.6.3
...................................... 110
.................................. 111
.............................. 120
5.7 .................................................. 123
5.7.1 ...................................... 123
5.6.4
5.7.2
5.7.3
...................................... 125
...................................... 126
5.7.4 .............................................. 127

5.7.5 .......................................... 129
5.8 .................................................. 129
6 Node.js ............................ 131

6.1 .......................................... 132
6.1.1 .................................. 132
6.1.2
........................... 132
6.1.3
node_modules
...................................... 133
6.1.4
...................................... 134
...................................... 134
6.1.5
6.2 ...................................................... 135

6.2.1 .................................. 135
........................... 137
6.3 Node.js ..................................... 138
6.3.1 ...................................... 138
6.2.2
6.3.2 cluster ..................... 140

6.3.3 ...................................... 142
6.3.4 80 ................................. 143
6.4 Node.js ..................................... 144
6.5 .................................................. 146
A JavaScript ................... 147

B Node.js ............................. 167
................................................................ 175
1.1
Node.js
Node.js
10
Node.js
Node.js Node JavaScript

JavaScript PythonPerlPHPRuby
Node.js PythonPerlPHPRuby
Node.js
Node.js WebReal-time Web
I/O
Node.js Ryan Dahl Joyent Joyent

Ryan Dahl Node.js Joyent 2009
Node.js
node package managernpm

MySQLPostgreSQLMongoDB CSS
API VMware
Cloud Foundry Node.js20116 Joyent
Node.js Windows Windows Azure Node.jsNode.js
Web
Node.js
1.1
Node.js
Node.js PHPPythonPerlRuby
Node.js JavaScript CakePHPDjangoRailsNode.js

jQueryExtJS Node.js JavaScript
JavaScript PHPPython
PerlRuby
Node.js Web
Web Node.js
PHPPythonRuby on Rails ApacheNginx HTTP
Node.js LAMP
2110
Node.js JavaScript
JavaScriptJavaScript ECMAScript
1.2
Node.js
DOMBOM Mozilla JavaScript

Core JavaScript Client JavaScript JavaScript
Node.js JavaScript Core JavaScript ECMAScript

DOMBOM Client JavaScript Node.js
Node.js JavaScript
API Core JavaScript JavaScript
Node.js Node.js
JavaScript CommonJS CommonJS

JavaScript API
CommonJS JavaScript
CommonJS Node.js CommonJS
Node.js JavaScript V8 Google Chrome V8

JavaScript JITJust-in-time Compilation
Node.js
JavaScript JavaScript
1.2
Node.js
JavaScript Node.js Node.js

Node.js

Web
Web Socket
TCP/UDP
JavaScript
Node.js HTTP
PHPPerl PHP Apache
10
Node.js
HTTP HTTP CGI PHP

Node.js HTTP Node.js
Node.js Node.js
C/C++
C/C++
1.3
I/O
Node.js I/O
I/O Node.js I/O

Node.js
I/O
res = db.query('SELECT * from some_table');

res.output();
CPU
CPU
Node.js
db.query('SELECT * from some_table', function(res) {
res.output();
});
db.query
db.query
Node.js I/O
1.4
Node.js
1-1 Node.js
CPU I/O
Node.js
Web
5
1-1
Node.js
6
1.4
Node.js
1.4.1 Node.js
Node.js I/O Node.js
V8 JavaScript libev libeio I/O

1-2 Node.js
Node.js libev libeio libuv POSIX 9
libuv libev libeio epoll kqueue Windows libuv Windows
POSIXPortable Operating System Interface API POSIX

UNIXLinuxMac OS X
10
Node.js
IOCPInput/Output Completion Port
1-2
Node.js
1.4.2 Node.js PHP + Nginx

Snoopyxd Node.js PHP+Nginx 300030
hello world
PHP 36240.39
Node.js 76770.13
MySQL
PHP 12930.82
Node.js 29990.33
Node.js 6
1.5
JavaScript
Node.js JavaScript JavaScript
JavaScript
1.5
JavaScript
1.5.1 Netscape LiveScript
JavaScript 1995 Node.js JavaScript

1992 Nombas CC minus minusCmm
ScriptEaseScriptEase Espresso Page
ScriptEase
ScriptEase Brendan Eich
LiveWire LiveWire LiveScript

Web
1.5.2 Java Javascript

JavaScript Java applet Sun
Java Java applet Sun
Java applet
Sun LiveScript Navigator 2.0 LiveScript

JavaScript Sun JavaScript Java applet HTML
Java applet
Netscape
Java JavaScript
Java JavaScript
1-3 Java
8
1-3
Java
Brendan Eich JavaScript
applet
Java
Brendan Eich JavaScript at Ten YearsJavaScript 10
Dont let marketing name your language.
10
Node.js
1.5.3 JScript
Internet Explorer 3 Windows 95 OSR2
Navigator
Internet Explorer3
Internet Explorer 3
JavaScript JScript
VBScriptJScript JavaScript
1-4 Windows 95 Internet Explorer 3
1-4
Windows 95 Internet Explorer 3
1.5.4 ECMAScript
JavaScript
Internet Explorer JavaScript
1996JavaScript ECMA
ECMA ECMA-262 ECMAScript
ECMAScript ISO-16262 ECMAScript
1.5
JavaScript
JavaScript
ECMAScript 2009 12
ECMAScript 52012 ECMAScript 3 Chrome

Firefox ECMAScript 5
2
ECMAScript
C++ JavaScript ActionScript
QtScriptWMLScript ECMAScript
1.5.5
ECMAScript JavaScript JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript DOM 5
BOMCSS World Wide Web ConsortiumW3C
1.5.6 JavaScript
JavaScript Brendan Eich Navigator
SpiderMonkeySpiderMonkey Mozilla Firefox 1.0~3.0
Firefox 3.5 TraceMonkey4.0 JaegerMonkeyGoogle Chrome

JavaScript V8 V8 Node.js Internet Explorer 9
JavaScript Chakra
JavaScript
JavaScript
Shockley 2008 JavaScript
Node.js
ActionScript Adobe Flash Adobe

QtScript Qt 4.3.0
WMLScript WAP WMLWireless Markup Language
KJS KonquerorNitro SafariCarakan Opera JavaScript
10
10
Node.js
2008 Mozilla Firefox Firefox 3.0 JavaScript

JavaScript WebKit Safari 4 JavaScript
SquirrelFish NitroGoogle Chrome
JavaScript WebKit Squirrelfish Extreme Mozilla
TraceMonkey Chrome JavaScript Chrome 2
V8 V8
JavaScript
Internet Explorer
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript JavaScript ECMAScript 6
CoffeeScript JavaScript
Google JavaScript Dart
JavaScript
1.6
CommonJS
1.6.1 JavaScript
Node.js JavaScript
JavaScript ASP
2000 ASP JScript JScript
JScript JavaScript
VBScript JScript LAMP Web 2.0 Ajax
WebKit Safari KHTML KJS WebKit

WebCore JavaScriptCore JavaScript WebKit
WebCore
1.6 CommonJS
11
Node.js RingoJS Rhino JavaScript
CouchDBMongoDB JavaScript JSON

JavaScript
1.6.2 CommonJS
JavaScript ECMAScript
JavaScript CommonJS CommonJS
API JavaScript CommonJS
C++ CommonJS API

C++
CommonJS Node.js 1-5
CommonJS
1-5
CommonJS
CommonJS modulespackagessystembinary
consoleencodingsfilesystemssockets
unit testing
Modules/1.0Modules/1.1Modules/1.1.1Packages/1.0System/1.0
10
12
Node.js
Node.js CommonJS CommonJS Modules/1.0

Node.js CommonJS Node.js
CommonJS Node.js
CommonJS Node.js CommonJS
1.7
Node.js: http://nodejs.org/
selectiocpepollkqueueI/O: http://blog.csdn.net/shallwake/
article/details/5265287
node.jsphp: http://snoopyxdy.blog.163.com/blog/static/6011744
0201183101319257/
RingoJS vs. Node.js: Runtime Values: http://hns.github.com/2010/09/21/benchmark. html
Update on my Node.js Memory and GC Benchmark: http://hns.github.com/2010/ 09/29/
benchmark2.html
JavaScript at Ten Years: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1086382
QtScript : http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qtscript.html
WebKit Open Source Project : http://www.webkit.org/
CommonJS API Specifications : http://www.commonjs.org/specs/
RingoJS : http://ringojs.org/
MongoDB : http://www.mongodb.org/
CouchDB : http://couchdb.apache.org/
Persevere : http://www.persvr.org/
JavaScript
JavaScript 3
Nicholas C. Zakas
JavaScript 5
Flanagan David
2.1
13
Node.js
10
14
2 Node.js
Node.js
LinuxWindowsMac OS X Node.js
POSIX Windows Node.js
npmNode.js
Node.js
2.1
Node.js POSIX GNU/LinuxMac OS X
Solaris Node.js Windows cygwin 0.6

Windows
2009Node.js
Node.js Node.js
Windows Node.js
Node.js 0.6 Windows cygwin
Windows Azure
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js Windows POSIX npm
C/C++
Linux Windows
Windows Node.js
Node.js Node.js Windows
Node.js
2.2
2.2.1 Microsoft WindowsNode.js

Windows Node.js http://nodejs.orgDownload
Windows Installer2-1
2.2
15
Next
4
2-1
Windows Node.js
Node.js C:\Program Files\nodejs

C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs64 PATH
Windows node
cmd node
Node.js 2-2
9
2-2
Windows Node.js
Node.js npm 2-2

npm
10
16
2 Node.js
2.2.2 Linux Node.js

Node.js Linux
Linux Node.js
Node.js2-1
2-1 Linux Node.js
Linux
Debian/Ubuntu
apt-get install nodejs
Fedora/RHEL/CentOS/Scientific Linux
yum install nodejs
openSUSE
zypper install nodejs
Arch Linux
pacman -S nodejs
Node.js
https://github.com/joyent/node/wiki/Installing-Node.js-via-packagemanager
2.2.3 Mac OS XNode.js

Node.js Mac OS X http://nodejs.org Download
Macintosh Installer2-3
2-3
Mac OS X Node.js
Node.js npm /usr/local/bin
2.3
17
node Node.js -bash:

node: command not found
Node.js
2.3
Node.js 0.6
http://nodejs.orgDownload
Source Code
https://github.com/joyent/node/zipball/master git clone git:
//github.com/joyent/node.git git
2.3.1 POSIX
POSIX Node.js
C++ gcc clang/LLVM
Python 2.5 Python 3

libssl-dev SSL/TLS
Linux g++ Node.js Debian/Ubuntu

apt-get install g++ g++ Fedora/Redhat/CentOS yum
install gcc-c++
Mac OS X Xcode Xcode
https://developer.apple.com/xcode/
Mac OS X Linux Python
python --version Python Python 2.7.2
2.5 command not found
Python http://python.org/
libssl-dev OpenSSL SSL/TLS Mac OS
X Xcode libssl-dev Debian/Ubuntu apt-get install
libssl-dev Fedora/Redhat/CentOS yum install
openssl-devel http://openssl.org/
Node.js
./configure
make
sudo make install
10
18
2 Node.js
20Node.js npm
Mac OS X homebrew Node.js http://mxcl.
github.com/homebrew/ homebrew
Node.js
brew install node
2.3.2 Windows
Node.js Windows Microsoft Visual Studio Visual
Studio Visual Studio Express Python 22.5
3.0http://python.org/ Python PATH
python.exe
Node.js
C:\Users\byvoid\node-v0.6.12>vcbuild.bat release
['-f', 'msvs', '-G', 'msvs_version=2010', '.\\node.gyp', '-I', '.\\common.gypi', '--depth=.',
'-Dtarget_Project files generated.
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\Microsoft.CppBuild.targets(1151,5):
warning MSB8012: http_parser.vcxproj -> C:\Users\byvoid\node-v0.6.12\
Release\http_parser.lib
js2c, and also js2c_experimental
node_js2c
...
20 Release node.exe
Node.js node.exe Node.js
node.exe Node.js PATH
node.exe node
npm
2.4
Node
Node npm Node.js PHP
PearPython PyPI npm JavaScript Node.js

Node.js Node.js
npm Node.js 0.6 npm Windows
Mac npm
Windows POSIX --without-npm
npm http://npmjs.org/ npm
2.5
19
curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh
root sudo
curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo sh
git npm http://npmjs.org/doc/

README.html
2.5
Node.js API
Node.js
Node.js Node Node Version

Managernvm nvm
https://github.com/creationix/nvm https://github.com/visionmedia/n
visionmedia/n Node
n Node n
Node.js npm npm install -g n
n n Node.js npm
n Node.js bash npm
https://github.com/visionmedia/n make
install
n Windows
n n --help
$ n --help
Usage: n [options] [COMMAND] [config]
n nvm n
10
20
2 Node.js
Commands:
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
latest [config ...]

<version> [config ...]
use <version> [args ...]
bin <version>
rm <version ...>
--latest
ls
Output versions installed

Install or activate the latest node release
Install and/or use node <version>
Execute node <version> with [args ...]
Output bin path for <version>
Remove the given version(s)
Output the latest node version available
Output the versions of node available
Options:
-V, --version
-h, --help
Output current version of n

Display help information
Aliases:
which
use
list
rm
bin
as
ls
n Node.jsn http://nodejs.org
$ n 0.7.5
######################################################################## 100.0%
{ 'target_defaults': { 'cflags': [],
'defines': [],
'include_dirs': [],
'libraries': ['-lz']},
'variables': { 'host_arch': 'x64',
'node_install_npm': 'true',
'node_install_waf': 'true',
'node_prefix': '/usr/local/n/versions/0.7.5',
'node_shared_cares': 'false',
'node_shared_v8': 'false',
'node_use_dtrace': 'false',
'node_use_openssl': 'true',
'node_use_system_openssl': 'false',
'target_arch': 'x64',
'v8_use_snapshot': 'true'}}
creating ./config.gypi
creating ./config.mk
make -C out BUILDTYPE=Release
2.6
21
CC(target) /usr/local/n/node-v0.7.5/out/Release/obj.target/http_parser/deps/
http_parser/http_parser.o
LIBTOOL-STATIC /usr/local/n/node-v0.7.5/out/Release/libhttp_parser.a
...
n Node.js /usr/local/n/versions/
n Node.js*
Node.js node
$ n
0.6.11
* 0.7.5
n Node.js
node n
$ n 0.6.11
* 0.6.11
0.7.5
$ node -v
v0.6.11
n use script.js Node.js
n use 0.6.11 script.js
7
n Node.js
n Node.js
Node.js
n https://github.com/visionmedia/n
2.6
Building and Installing Node.js: https://github.com/joyent/node/wiki/Installation

Node package manager: http://npmjs.org/doc/README.html
Node version management: https://github.com/visionmedia/n
10
22
2 Node.js
Node.js: Node.js & NPM: http://www.infoq.com/cn/
articles/nodejs-npm-install-config
Node.js Now Runs Natively on Windows: http://www.infoq.com/news/2011/11/Nodejs-
Windows
Node Web
David Herron
Mac OS X Lion node.js : http://dreamerslab.com/blog/tw/
how-to-setup-a-nodejs-development-environment-on-mac-osx-lion/
3.1 Node.js
23
Node.js
10
24
Node.js
Node.js Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js Node.js
Node.js
I/O

3.1
Node.js
Node.js github
Node.js
3.1.1 Hello World

Node.js
console.log('Hello World');
helloworld.js helloworld.js
node helloworld.js
Hello World
console Node.js
console.logconsole.error console.log
C printf %d%s
//consolelog.js
console.log('%s: %d', 'Hello', 25);
Hello: 25 console
4.1.3
3.1 Node.js
25
3.1.2 Node.js
Hello World node node --help
Usage: node [options] [ -e script | script.js ] [arguments]

node debug script.js [arguments]
Options:
-v, --version
-e, --eval script
-p, --print
--v8-options
--vars
--max-stack-size=val
print node's version

evaluate script
print result of --eval
print v8 command line options
print various compiled-in variables
set max v8 stack size (bytes)
Environment variables:
NODE_PATH
';'-separated list of directories
prefixed to the module search path.
NODE_MODULE_CONTEXTS
Set to 1 to load modules in their own
global contexts.
NODE_DISABLE_COLORS
Set to 1 to disable colors in the REPL
Documentation can be found at http://nodejs.org/
node Node.js node script.js

script.js
node --help Hello

World
$ node -e "console.log('Hello World');"

Hello World
node -e
node REPL
REPL Read-eval-print loop Python

python Python IDLE shell
Node.js node JavaScript
shell
.js script.txt node script.txt

.js JavaScript
10
26
Node.js
$ node
> console.log('Hello World');
Hello World
undefined
> consol.log('Hello World');
ReferenceError: consol is not defined
at repl:1:1
at REPLServer.eval (repl.js:80:21)
at repl.js:190:20
at REPLServer.eval (repl.js:87:5)
at Interface.<anonymous> (repl.js:182:12)
at Interface.emit (events.js:67:17)
at Interface._onLine (readline.js:162:10)
at Interface._line (readline.js:426:8)
at Interface._ttyWrite (readline.js:603:14)
at ReadStream.<anonymous> (readline.js:82:12)
REPL >Node.js
REPL
undefined console.log
REPL Ctrl + C
Node.js REPL
node REPL
3.1.3 HTTP
Hello World
Node.js
Node.js ASPPHP
PHP PHP HTTP
ApacheIIS Nginx PHP HTTP
FastCGI PHP HTTP PHP
Node.js3-1
Node.js HTTP
Node.jsHTTP
3.1 Node.js
27
3
3-1
Node.js PHP
HTTP app.js
//app.js
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function(req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
res.write('<h1>Node.js</h1>');
res.end('<p>Hello World</p>');
}).listen(3000);
console.log("HTTP server is listening at port 3000.");
node app.js http://127.0.0.1:30003-2
3-2
Node.js HTTP
10
28
Node.js
Node.js HTTP Node.js

http HTTP 3000
Hello World Ctrl +

C listen Node.js
supervisor
PHP PHP
Node.js HTTP
Node.js Node.js
PHP
Node.js
supervisor Node.js
npm supervisor
$ npm install -g supervisor
Linux Mac npm

supervisor sudo npm install -g
supervisor
supervisor app.js
$ supervisor app.js
DEBUG: Running node-supervisor with
DEBUG:
program 'app.js'
DEBUG:
--watch '.'
DEBUG:
--extensions 'node|js'
DEBUG:
--exec 'node'
DEBUG: Starting child process with 'node app.js'
DEBUG: Watching directory '/home/byvoid/.' for changes.
HTTP server is listening at port 3000.
DEBUG: crashing child

DEBUG: Starting child process with 'node app.js'
HTTP server is listening at port 3000.
supervisor
3.2 I/O
3.2
29
I/O
Node.js I/O I/O

I/O
3.2.1
block I/O
CPU
I/O
CPU I/O
I/OSynchronous I/O I/O Blocking I/O
I/O Asynchronous I/O I/O Non-blocking I/O

I/O I/O I/O
I/O
I/O I/O
I/O
CPU 100%
I/O
CPU
I/O CPU CPU
Node.js Node.js
3-3 3-4 I/O I/O

I/O I/O
I/O I/O
10
30
Node.js
3-3
I/O
3-4
I/O
3.2 I/O
31
I/O I/O
I/O
CPU
async
6.2.2
3-1 I/O I/O
3-1 I/O I/O

I/O
I/O
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
3.2.2
Node.js
//readfile.js
var fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('file.txt', 'utf-8', function(err, data) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
});
console.log('end.');
end.
Contents of the file.
lightweight thread
10
32
Node.js
Node.js API
//readfilesync.js
var data = fs.readFileSync('file.txt', 'utf-8');
console.log(data);
$ node readfilesync.js
Contents of the file.
end.
fs.readFileSync
data
data end.
end.
Node.js I/O fs.readFile
JavaScript
fs.readFile JavaScript
//readfilecallback.js
function readFileCallBack(err, data) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
}
fs.readFile('file.txt', 'utf-8', readFileCallBack);
fs.readFile I/O
fs I/O
end.
file.txt
3.2 I/O
33
Node.js API Node.js

I/O
3.2.3
Node.js I/O
EventEmitter fs.readFile http.createServer
EventEmitter EventEmitter
//event.js
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var event = new EventEmitter();
event.on('some_event', function() {
console.log('some_event occured.');
});
setTimeout(function() {
event.emit('some_event');
}, 1000);
1 some_event occured. event
some_event setTimeout 1000

event some_event some_event
4.3.1 EventEmitter
Node.js
Node.js Node.js
Node.js
I/O
emit
3-5
Node.js Ruby EventMachine::run()
Node.js Node.js libev libev

ev_ioev_timerev_signalev_idle Node.js
EventEmitter libev Node.js Ticklibev
10
34
Node.js
3-5
3.3
ModulePackage Node.js
JavaScript HTML
script Node.js require
Node.js CommonJS
Node.js
Node.js
3.3
35
3.3.1
Node.js
Node.js JavaScript JSON C/C++ 3
var http = require('http') http
Node.js C++ JavaScript
require
3.3.2
1.
Node.js
Node.js exports require

exports require
exports
module.js
//module.js
var name;
exports.setName = function(thyName) {
name = thyName;
};
exports.sayHello = function() {
console.log('Hello ' + name);
};
getmodule.js
//getmodule.js
var myModule = require('./module');
10
36
Node.js
myModule.setName('BYVoid');
myModule.sayHello();
node getmodule.js
Hello BYVoid
module.js exports setName sayHello

getmodule.js require('./module')
module.js exports
npm
2.
require require
getmodule.js
//loadmodule.js
var hello1 = require('./module');
hello1.setName('BYVoid');
var hello2 = require('./module');
hello2.setName('BYVoid 2');
hello1.sayHello();
Hello BYVoid 2 hello1 hello2

hello1.setName hello2.setName
3. exports
//singleobject.js
function Hello() {
var name;
this.setName = function (thyName) {
name = thyName;
};
3.3
37
this.sayHello = function () {
};
};
exports.Hello = Hello;
require('./singleobject').Hello
Hello
//hello.js
function Hello() {
var name;
this.setName = function(thyName) {
name = thyName;
};
this.sayHello = function() {
};
};
module.exports = Hello;
//gethello.js
var Hello = require('./hello');
hello = new Hello();
hello.setName('BYVoid');
hello.sayHello();
module.exports = Hello exports.Hello=

Hello Hello
exports
exports {}
9
Hello
10
38
Node.js
exports module.exports
exports module.exports
module
module.exports
3.3.3
Node.js C/C++ Java/.Net
Node.js
CommonJS npm
Node.js JSON package.json
CommonJS
package.json
bin
JavaScript lib
doc
test
Node.js package.json
CommonJS
1.
JavaScript
somepackage index.js
//somepackage/index.js
exports.hello = function() {
console.log('Hello.');
};
somepackage getpackage.js
//getpackage.js
var somePackage = require('./somepackage');
somePackage.hello();
3.3
39
node getpackage.js Hello.
package.json
2. package.json
somepackage package.json
{
"main" : "./lib/interface.js"
}
index.js interface.js lib
Node.js package.json main

package.json main index.js index.node
package.json CommonJS package.json
name
description
version
keywords
maintainers nameemail
web
contributorsmaintainers
bugsbug
licenses type url
repositories type git
url path
Semantic Versioning Gravatars GitHub Tom Preston-Werner
10
40
Node.js
dependencies
CommonJS package.json
{
"name": "mypackage",
"description": "Sample package for CommonJS. This package demonstrates the required
elements of a CommonJS package.",
"version": "0.7.0",
"keywords": [
"package",
"example"
],
"maintainers": [
{
"name": "Bill Smith",
"email": "bills@example.com",
}
],
"contributors": [
{
"name": "BYVoid",
"web": "http://www.byvoid.com/"
}
],
"bugs": {
"mail": "dev@example.com",
"web": "http://www.example.com/bugs"
},
"licenses": [
{
"type": "GPLv2",
"url": "http://www.example.org/licenses/gpl.html"
}
],
"repositories": [
{
"type": "git",
"url": "http://github.com/BYVoid/mypackage.git"
}
],
"dependencies": {
"webkit": "1.2",
"ssl": {
"gnutls": ["1.0", "2.0"],
"openssl": "0.9.8"
}
}
}
3.3
41
3.3.4 Node.js
Node.jsnpm Node.js Node.js

Node.js npm
1.
npm
npm [install/i] [package_name]
express
$ npm install express
$ npm i express
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/express
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/1.2.4
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.0
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/qs
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/connect
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/1.2.4
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.0
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/qs
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/-/mime-1.2.4.tgz
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/-/mkdirp-0.3.0.tgz
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/-/mime-1.2.4.tgz
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/-/mkdirp-0.3.0.tgz
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/connect
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/formidable
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/formidable
express@2.5.8 ./node_modules/express
-- mime@1.2.4
-- mkdirp@0.3.0
-- qs@0.4.2
-- connect@1.8.5
express node_modules npm
npm Node.js pip Pythongem Rubypear PHPCPAN Perl apt-get

Debian/Ubutnuyum Fedora/RHEL/CentOShomebrew Mac OS X
10
42
Node.js
express express mimemkdirp

qs connect
2.
npmhttp://npmjs.orgnode_modules
Ruby gem Python pip npm

gem pip
npm npm
API
npm npm
install node_modules Node.js
require node_modules npm
npm
npm [install/i] -g [package_name]
-g supervisor
npm install -g supervisor supervisor
PATH
supervisor supervisor script.js PATH
supervisornpm node_modules
bin PATH
npm /usr/local/lib/node_modules/ package.json
bin /usr/local/bin//usr/local/bin/ PATH
supervisor script.js
JavaScript require
require /usr/local/lib/node_modules/ 6
3.3
43
3-2
3-2
require
PATH
Linux/Mac npm install -g root

/usr/local/lib/node_modules/
3.
npm npm link
require npm link

npm install -g express express
$ npm link express

./node_modules/express -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/express
node_modules
npm link Windows
npm link
package.json npm link
4.
npm pipgempear
npm npm CommonJS CommonJS
npm init
package.json byvoidmodule
npm init
10
44
Node.js
$ npm init
Package name: (byvoidmodule) byvoidmodule
Description: A module for learning perpose.
Package version: (0.0.0) 0.0.1
Project homepage: (none) http://www.byvoid.com/
Project git repository: (none)
Author name: BYVoid
Author email: (none) byvoid.kcp@gmail.com
Author url: (none) http://www.byvoid.com/
Main module/entry point: (none)
Test command: (none)
What versions of node does it run on? (~0.6.10)
About to write to /home/byvoid/byvoidmodule/package.json
{
"author": "BYVoid <byvoid.kcp@gmail.com> (http://www.byvoid.com/)",
"name": "byvoidmodule",
"description": "A module for learning perpose.",
"version": "0.0.1",
"homepage": "http://www.byvoid.com/",
"repository": {
"url": ""
},
"engines": {
"node": "~0.6.12"
},
"dependencies": {},
"devDependencies": {}
}
Is this ok? (yes) yes
byvoidmodule npm package.json

index.js
npm adduser
npm whoami
package.json npm publish

http://search.npmjs.org/
npm install byvoidmodule 3-6 npmjs.
org
package.json version
npm publish
npm unpublish
3.4
45
3-6
3.4
npm
bug bug
C/C++ Visual Studiogdb
JavaScript
FireBugChrome JavaScript
Node.js V8
Node.js
3.4.1
Node.js
var a = 1;
var b = 'world';
10
46
Node.js
var c = function(x) {
console.log('hello ' + x + a);
};
c(b);
node debug debug.js

< debugger listening on port 5858
connecting... ok
break in /home/byvoid/debug.js:1
1 var a = 1;
2 var b = 'world';
3 var c = function(x) {
debug>
Node.js
3-3
3-3 Node.js
run
restart
cont, c
next, n
step, s
out, o
setBreakpoint(), sb()
setBreakpoint(f()), sb(...)
setBreakpoint(script.js, 20), sb(...)
script.js 20
clearBreakpoint, cb(...)
backtrace, bt
list(5)
watch(expr)
expr
unwatch(expr)
expr
watchers
repl
kill
scripts
version
V8
3.4
47
$ node debug debug.js

< debugger listening on port 5858
connecting... ok
1 var a = 1;
2 var b = 'world';
3 var c = function (x) {
debug> n
1 var a = 1;
2 var b = 'world';
4
debug> sb('debug.js', 4)
1 var a = 1;
2 var b = 'world';
* 4
5 };
6 c(b);
7 });
debug> c
2 var b = 'world';
* 4
5 };
6 c(b);
debug> repl
Press Ctrl + C to leave debug repl
> x
'world'
> a + 1
2
debug> c
< hello world1
program terminated
3.4.2
V8 TCP Node.js
node --debug[=port] script.js

node --debug-brk[=port] script.js
10
48
Node.js
node --debug 5858
--debug=1234 1234 --debug
--debug-brk
//
$ node --debug-brk debug.js
debugger listening on port 5858
//
$ node debug 127.0.0.1:5858
connecting... ok
debug> n
1 var a = 1;
2 var b = 'world';
4
debug>
node debug debug.js Node.js
3.4.3 Eclipse Node.js

Node.js V8 IDE
EclipseEclipse Java
Eclipse Node.js
1.
Eclipse JDK http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/
javase/downloads/index.html http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ Eclipse
Eclipse HelpInstall New Software...
Add...Add Repository Location
http://chromedevtools.googlecode.com/svn/update/dev/Name Chrome Developer
OK3-73-83-9
3.4
49
3-7
HelpInstall New Software...
6
3-8
Add...
3-9
Add Repository
Work withChrome Developer

Google Chrome Developer ToolsNext3-10
10
50
Node.js
3-10
Google Chrome Developer Tools
Eclipse Next3-11
3-11
3.4
51
LicenseI accept the terms of the license agreementsNext3-12
4
3-12
License
Eclipse 3-13
7
3-13
Eclipse Restart NowV8

3-14
3-14
Restart Now
10
52
Node.js
2. Eclipse Node.js
Eclipse Node.js Debug perspective3-15
Debug Debug Configurations...3-16
Standalone V8 VMNew
NameNodeDebugHostPortApply3-17
3-15
3-16
Debug perspective
Debug Configurations...
3.4
53
4
3-17
Standalone V8 VM
node --debug-brk=5858 debug.js
Eclipse 3-18
3-18
10
54
Node.js
Eclipse IDE Node.js

Eclipse Eclipse
3.4.4 node-inspector Node.js

Node.js node-inspector
node-inspector Node.js
npm install -g node-inspector node-inspector

node --debug-brk=5858 debug.js
node-inspector
$ node-inspector
http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug?port=5858 Web
3-19
3-19
node-inspector
node-inspector
3.5
55
node-inspector WebKit Web Inspector ChromeSafari

WebKit Firefox Internet Explorer
3.5
Node Web
David Herron
node-supervisor: https://github.com/isaacs/node-supervisor
Node.js is Cancer: http://teddziuba.com/2011/10/node-js-is-cancer.html
Straight Talk on Event Loops: http://teddziuba.com/2011/10/straight-talk-on-event- loops.
html
nodejs Timer & Tick : http://club.cnodejs.org/topic/4f16442ccae1f4aa2700109b
node.jsnode.js: http://www.jiangmiao.org/blog/
2491.html
Node.js: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/1201_wangqf_nodejs/
libev: http://libev.schmorp.de
Node.jsNode.js: http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/
nodejs-module-mechanism
npmPath: http://blog.goddyzhao.me/post/
9835631010/no-direct-command-for-local-installed-command-line-modul
CommonJS /1.0: http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Packages/1.0
Semantic Versioning 2.0.0-rc.1: http://semver.org/
Symlink a package folder npm: http://npmjs.org/doc/link.html
Publish a package npm: http://npmjs.org/doc/publish.html

Node.jsnpm: http://www.cnblogs.com/piyeyong/
archive/2011/12/ 30/2308153.html
V8 debugger JSON based protocol: http://code.google.com/p/v8/wiki/DebuggerProtocol
node-inspector: https://github.com/dannycoates/node-inspector
10
4.1
57
Node.js
10
58
Node.js
Node.js Node.js
API

HTTP
4.1
JavaScript Global Object
JavaScript window
Node.js global global global
Node.js global consoleprocess
4.1.1
global ECMAScript
Node.js
var
4.1.2 process
process global Node.js
4.1
59
process
process.argv node
console.log(process.argv);
argv.js
$ node argv.js 1991 name=byvoid --v "Carbo Kuo"
[ 'node',
'/home/byvoid/argv.js',
'1991',
'name=byvoid',
'--v',
'Carbo Kuo' ]
process.stdout console.log()
process.stdout.write()
process.stdin
process.stdin.resume();
process.stdin.on('data', function(data) {
process.stdout.write('read from console: ' + data.toString());
});
process.nextTick(callback)Node.js
callback
Node.js I/O
Node.js
CPU Node.js
process.nextTick()
function doSomething(args, callback) {

somethingComplicated(args);
callback();
}
doSomething(function onEnd() {
compute();
});
10
60
Node.js
compute() somethingComplicated()
doSomething() somethingComplicated()
onEnd() compute() process.nextTick()
function doSomething(args, callback) {

somethingComplicated(args);
process.nextTick(callback);
}
doSomething(function onEnd() {
compute();
});
setTimeout(fn,0) process.nextTick(callback)
process
processprocess.platform
process.pidprocess.execPathprocess.memoryUsage() POSIX
http://nodejs.org/api/process.html
4.1.3 console
console Internet Explorer JScript
Node.js
console stdoutstderr
console.log()console.log
C printf()
console.log('Hello world');
console.log('byvoid%diovyb');
console.log('byvoid%diovyb', 1991);
4.2 util
61
Hello world
byvoid%diovyb
byvoid1991iovyb
console.error() console.log()
console.trace()
console.trace();
Trace:
at
at
at
at
at
at
at
4.2
3
Object.<anonymous> (/home/byvoid/consoletrace.js:1:71)
Module._compile (module.js:441:26)
Object..js (module.js:459:10)
Module.load (module.js:348:31)
Function._load (module.js:308:12)
Array.0 (module.js:479:10)
EventEmitter._tickCallback (node.js:192:40)
util
util Node.js JavaScript
4.2.1 util.inherits
util.inherits(constructor, superConstructor)
A
util.inherits
var util = require('util');
function Base() {
this.name = 'base';
this.base = 1991;
this.sayHello = function() {
console.log('Hello ' + this.name);
};
}
Base.prototype.showName = function() {
console.log(this.name);
10
62
Node.js
};
function Sub() {
this.name = 'sub';
}
util.inherits(Sub, Base);
var objBase = new Base();
objBase.showName();
objBase.sayHello();
console.log(objBase);
var objSub = new Sub();
objSub.showName();
//objSub.sayHello();
console.log(objSub);
Base Base SubBase

util.inherits
base
Hello base
{ name: 'base', base: 1991, sayHello: [Function] }
sub
{ name: 'sub' }
Sub Base base

sayHello Sub console.log
objSub.sayHello();
node.js:201
throw e; // process.nextTick error, or 'error' event on first tick
^
TypeError: Object #<Sub> has no method 'sayHello'
at Object.<anonymous> (/home/byvoid/utilinherits.js:29:8)
at Module._compile (module.js:441:26)
at Object..js (module.js:459:10)
at Module.load (module.js:348:31)
at Function._load (module.js:308:12)
at Array.0 (module.js:479:10)
at EventEmitter._tickCallback (node.js:192:40)
4.2.2 util.inspect
util.inspect(object,[showHidden],[depth],[colors])
object
4.3 events
63
showHidden true
depth
depth2 null
color true ANSI
util.inspect
toString
function Person() {
this.name = 'byvoid';
this.toString = function() {
return this.name;
};
}
var obj = new Person();
console.log(util.inspect(obj));
console.log(util.inspect(obj, true));
{ name: 'byvoid', toString: [Function] }

{ toString:
{ [Function]
[prototype]: { [constructor]: [Circular] },
[caller]: null,
[length]: 0,
[name]: '',
[arguments]: null },
name: 'byvoid' }
utilutil.isArray()util.isRegExp()
util.isDate()util.isError() util.format()util.
debug() http://nodejs.org/api/util.html
4.3
events
events Node.js
Node.js
Node.js events
10
64
Node.js
Node.js
4.3.1
events events.EventEmitterEventEmitter
EventEmitter
EventEmitter
var events = require('events');

var emitter = new events.EventEmitter();
emitter.on('someEvent', function(arg1, arg2) {
console.log('listener1', arg1, arg2);
});
emitter.on('someEvent', function(arg1, arg2) {
console.log('listener2', arg1, arg2);
});
emitter.emit('someEvent', 'byvoid', 1991);
listener1 byvoid 1991

listener2 byvoid 1991
emitter someEvent
someEvent
EventEmitterEventEmitterAPI
EventEmitter.on(event, listener)
event listener
EventEmitter.emit(event, [arg1], [arg2], [...]) event
EventEmitter.once(event, listener)
EventEmitter.removeListener(event, listener)
listener
4.4 fs
65
EventEmitter.removeAllListeners([event])
event
API http://nodejs.org/api/events.html
4.3.2 error
EventEmitter error
error error EventEmitter

Node.js error

var emitter = new events.EventEmitter();
emitter.emit('error');
node.js:201
throw e; // process.nextTick error, or 'error' event on first tick
^
Error: Uncaught, unspecified 'error' event.
at EventEmitter.emit (events.js:50:15)
at Object.<anonymous> (/home/byvoid/error.js:5:9)
at Module._compile (module.js:441:26)
at Object..js (module.js:459:10)
at Module.load (module.js:348:31)
at Function._load (module.js:308:12)
at Array.0 (module.js:479:10)
at EventEmitter._tickCallback (node.js:192:40)
4.3.3 EventEmitter
EventEmitter fsnet
http EventEmitter
JavaScript
EventEmitter
4.4
fs
fs
10
66
Node.js
POSIX fs
fs.readFile()
fs.readFileSync() fs fs
4.4.1 fs.readFile
fs.readFile(filename,[encoding],[callback(err,data)])
filename encoding
callback
encoding callback err dataerr
data encodingdata
data Buffer
content.txt
fs.readFile('content.txt', function(err, data) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
});
content.txt UTF-8 Text

<Buffer 54 65 78 74 20 e6 96 87 e6 9c ac e6 96 87 e4 bb b6 e7 a4 ba e4 be 8b>
data Buffer
fs.readFile encoding
fs.readFile('content.txt', 'utf-8', function(err, data) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
});
Text
4.4 fs
67
err Error content.txt
{ [Error: ENOENT, no such file or directory 'content.txt'] errno: 34, code: 'ENOENT',
path: 'content.txt' }
2
Node.js
err
err null
undefinederr Error
4.4.2 fs.readFileSync
fs.readFileSync(filename, [encoding]) fs.readFile
fs.readFile
fs try catch
I/O Node.js
4.4.3 fs.open
fs.open(path, flags, [mode], [callback(err, fd)]) POSIX open
C fopen path
flags
r
r+
w
w+
a
a+
mode 0666
fd
POSIX 0754
7
5 4
-rwxr-xr--

10
68
Node.js
4.4.4 fs.read
fs.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, [callback(err, bytesRead,
buffer)]) POSIX read fs.readFile fs.read
fd buffer offset
buffer length position
position null
bytesRead buffer
fs.open fs.read
fs.open('content.txt', 'r', function(err, fd) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
return;
}
var buf = new Buffer(8);
fs.read(fd, buf, 0, 8, null, function(err, bytesRead, buffer) {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
return;
}
console.log('bytesRead: ' + bytesRead);
console.log(buffer);
})
});
bytesRead: 8
<Buffer 54 65 78 74 20 e6 96 87>
4-1fs
4-1
fs
fs.open(path,flags, [mode], [callback(err,

fd)])
fs.openSync(path, flags, [mode])
fs.close(fd, [callback(err)])
fs.closeSync(fd)
4.4 fs
69
fs.read(fd,buffer,offset,length,position,
[callback(err, bytesRead, buffer)])
fs.readSync(fd, buffer, offset,

length, position)
fs.write(fd,buffer,offset,length,position,
[callback(err, bytesWritten, buffer)])
fs.writeSync(fd, buffer, offset,

length, position)
fs.readFile(filename,[encoding],[callba
ck(err, data)])
fs.readFileSync(filename,
[encoding])
fs.writeFile(filename,
[callback(err)])
fs.writeFileSync(filename, data,
[encoding])
fs.unlink(path, [callback(err)])
fs.mkdir(path, [mode], [callback(err)])
fs.mkdirSync(path, [mode])
fs.rmdir(path, [callback(err)])
fs.rmdirSync(path)
fs.readdir(path, [callback(err, files)])
fs.readdirSync(path)
fs.realpath(path, [callback(err,
resolvedPath)])
fs.realpathSync(path)
fs.rename(path1, path2, [callback(err)])
fs.renameSync(path1, path2)
fs.truncate(fd, len, [callback(err)])
fs.truncateSync(fd, len)
fs.chown(path, uid, gid, [callback(err)])
fs.chownSync(path, uid, gid)
fs.fchown(fd, uid, gid, [callback(err)])
fs.fchownSync(fd, uid, gid)
fs.lchown(path, uid, gid, [callback(err)])
fs.lchownSync(path, uid, gid)
fs.chmod(path, mode, [callback(err)])
fs.chmodSync(path, mode)
fs.fchmod(fd, mode, [callback(err)])
fs.fchmodSync(fd, mode)
fs.lchmod(path, mode, [callback(err)])
fs.lchmodSync(path, mode)
fs.stat(path, [callback(err, stats)])
fs.statSync(path)
fs.fstat(fd, [callback(err, stats)])
fs.fstatSync(fd)
fs.lstat(path, [callback(err, stats)])
fs.lstatSync(path)
fs.link(srcpath, dstpath, [callback(err)])
fs.linkSync(srcpath, dstpath)
fs.symlink(linkdata, path, [type],

[callback(err)])
fs.symlinkSync(linkdata, path,
[type])
fs.readlink(path, [callback(err,
linkString)])
fs.readlinkSync(path)
fs.utimes(path, atime, mtime, [callback

(err)])
fs.utimesSync(path, atime, mtime)
fs.futimes(fd, atime, mtime, [callback

(err)])
fs.futimesSync(fd, atime, mtime)
fs.fsync(fd, [callback(err)])
fs.fsyncSync(fd)
data,[encoding],
fs.unlinkSync(path)
10
70
4.5
Node.js
HTTP
Node.js http HTTP
HTTP http.Server HTTP Node.js C++

JavaScript http.request
HTTP HTTP Pingback
4.5.1 HTTP
http.Server http HTTP Node.js HTTP
http.Server
API
3.1.3 http
//app.js
}).listen(3000);
http.createServer http.Server
HTTP req
res res 200
'Content-Type': 'text/html' '<h1>Node.js</h1>' res.end
listen 3000
1. http.Server
http.Server HTTP
HTTP
EventEmitter
Pingback WordPress
Pingback
4.5
HTTP
71
request req res
http.ServerRequest http.ServerResponse
connection TCP socket
net.Socket connection request
Keep-Alive
close
checkContinueupgradeclientError
HTTP
request http
http.createServer([requestListener]) HTTP
requestListener request
//httpserver.js
5
var server = new http.Server();
server.on('request', function(req, res) {
});
server.listen(3000);
2. http.ServerRequest
http.ServerRequest HTTP
http.Server request request req
ServerRequest 4-2
HTTP Request HeaderRequset Body
http.ServerRequest 3
data chunk
10
72
Node.js
end
close end
close
4-2
ServerRequest
complete
httpVersion
HTTP 1.0 1.1
method
HTTP GETPOSTPUTDELETE
url
/static/image/x.jpg /user?name=byvoid
headers
HTTP
trailers
HTTP
connection
HTTP net.Socket
socket
connection
client
client
3. GET
http.ServerRequest PHP $_GET
$_POST GET
URL ? GET
Node.js url parse
//httpserverrequestget.js
var url = require('url');
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end(util.inspect(url.parse(req.url, true)));
}).listen(3000);
http://127.0.0.1:3000/user?name=byvoid&email=byvoid@byvoid.com
{ search: '?name=byvoid&email=byvoid@byvoid.com',
query: { name: 'byvoid', email: 'byvoid@byvoid.com' },
pathname: '/user',
4.5
HTTP
73
path: '/user?name=byvoid&email=byvoid@byvoid.com',
href: '/user?name=byvoid&email=byvoid@byvoid.com' }
url.parse path query GET

pathname
4. POST
HTTP 1.1 8 GET POST
GET POST
http.ServerRequest
POST
Node.js
//httpserverrequestpost.js
var querystring = require('querystring');
var post = '';
req.on('data', function(chunk) {
post += chunk;
});
req.on('end', function() {
post = querystring.parse(post);
res.end(util.inspect(post));
});
}).listen(3000);
post
req data
post end querystring.parse post

POST
9
POST
url http://nodejs.org/api/url.html
10
74
Node.js
5. http.ServerResponse
http.ServerResponse
http.Server request
response res
http.ServerResponse
response.writeHead(statusCode, [headers])
statusCode HTTP 200

404 headers
response.write(data, [encoding])data
Buffer data
encoding utf-8 response.end
response.write
response.end([data], [encoding])

response.write
4.5.2 HTTP
http http.request http.get HTTP
http.request(options, callback) HTTP option
callback option
host IP
port 80
method GET
path /
QueryString
/search?query=byvoid
headers
callback http.ClientResponse
http.request http.ClientRequest
4.5
HTTP
http.request POST
75
//httprequest.js
var contents = querystring.stringify({
name: 'byvoid',
email: 'byvoid@byvoid.com',
address: 'Zijing 2#, Tsinghua University',
});
var options = {
host: 'www.byvoid.com',
path: '/application/node/post.php',
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Content-Length' : contents.length
}
};
var req = http.request(options, function(res) {
res.setEncoding('utf8');
res.on('data', function (data) {
console.log(data);
});
});
req.write(contents);
req.end();
array(3) {
["name"]=>
string(6) "byvoid"
["email"]=>
string(17) "byvoid@byvoid.com"
["address"]=>
string(30) "Zijing 2#, Tsinghua University"
}
req.end()
10
76
Node.js
http.get(options, callback) http
GEThttp.get http.request http.get

GET req.end()
//httpget.js
http.get({host: 'www.byvoid.com'}, function(res) {
console.log(data);
});
});
1. http.ClientRequest
http.ClientRequest http.request http.get
HTTP response http.request
http.get
//httpresponse.js
var req = http.get({host: 'www.byvoid.com'});
req.on('response', function(res) {
console.log(data);
});
});
http.ClientRequest http.ServerResponse write end
POSTPUT end
http.ClientRequest
request.abort()
request.setTimeout(timeout, [callback])timeout
callback
request.setNoDelay([noDelay])request.setSocketKeepAlive
([enable], [initialDelay]) Node.js
4.6
77
2. http.ClientResponse
http.ClientResponse http.ServerRequest dataend
close data
chunk
http.ClientResponse 4-3
4-3 ClientResponse
statusCode
HTTP 200404500
httpVersion
HTTP 1.0 1.1
headers
HTTP
trailers
HTTP
http.ClientResponse
response.setEncoding([encoding]) data
encoding null Buffer

utf8
response.pause()
response.resume()
4.6
Node.js Manual & Documentation: http://nodejs.org/api/index.html

Understanding process.nextTick(): http://howtonode.org/understanding- process-
next-tick
Node.js: http://www.grati.org/?p=318
10
5.1
79
Node.jsWeb
10
80
5 Node.js Web
Node.js
Express MVC ejs MongoDB
www.byvoid.com/project/node
5.1
Node.js Node.js PHP
PerlASPJSP HTML
HTML
10001000 HTML
1000 HTML
Perl CGI Perl HTML HTTP
Perl 20 90
HTML
2000 ASPPHPJSP
CGI HTML
2002
MVC
Ruby on RailsDjangoZend Framework MVC
MVC Model-View-Controller
20 70 Smalltalk

HTML

PHPASPJSP 5-1 Web
C++Perl
ASP <% %> PHP <?php ?>
5.1
81
5-1 Web
MVC
HTML
SQL
HTTP
HTTP
3
CGI
Node.js Perl C++ CGI HTTP
HTTP ApacheNginxIIS
Node.js Node.js http C++
5-1
5-1
Node.js PHP
Node.js PHP
$_REQUEST POST GET HTTP
http://example.com/hello/world.php /hello/world.php
PHP Rewrite
Node.js Apache Nginx
10
82
5 Node.js Web
HTTP HTTP
HTTP CGI
HTTP Node.js
5.1.1 http
Node.js HTTP
POST
<form method="post" action="http://localhost:3000/">
<input type="text" name="title" />
<textarea name="text"></textarea>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
title text POST

http://localhost:3000/
PHP index.php
echo $_POST['title'];
echo $_POST['text'];
3.5.1 http
var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
var post = '';
req.on('data', function(chunk) {
post += chunk;
});
req.on('end', function() {
post = querystring.parse(post);
res.write(post.title);
res.write(post.text);
res.end();
});
}).listen(3000);
HTTP 200 200

HTTP HTTP
5.1
83
PHP Node.jsNode.js
http
req POST end
POST
PHP
PHP Node.js http
HTTP
HTTP Node.js Web
Node.js
Node.js http Web

http HTTP HTTP
HTTP
POST Cookie
5.1.2 Express
npm Web
Express Node.js
Web
Express http://expressjs.com/ http

CSRF
Express Rails Django

ORM Object Relation Model Web
10
84
5 Node.js Web
HTTP
Express
var express = require('express');
var app = express.createServer();
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.all('/', function(req, res) {
res.send(req.body.title + req.body.text);
});
app.listen(3000);
req express.bodyParser()
req.body POST
5.2
Web Express
5.2.1 Express
Express
3.3.4 Express
Express Quick Start
Express
$ npm install -g express
express
express --help
Usage: express [options] [path]
Options:
-s, --sessions
-t, --template <engine>
add session support

add template <engine> support (jade|ejs). default=jade
5.2
-c, --css <engine>
-v, --version
-h, --help
85
add stylesheet <engine> support (stylus). default=plain css

output framework version
output help information
Express Jadeejs
ejs CSS
5.2.2
express -t ejs microblog
microblog
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
create
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
microblog
microblog/package.json
microblog/app.js
microblog/public
microblog/public/javascripts
microblog/public/images
microblog/public/stylesheets
microblog/public/stylesheets/style.css
microblog/routes
microblog/routes/index.js
microblog/views
microblog/views/layout.ejs
microblog/views/index.ejs
dont forget to install dependencies:

$ cd microblog && npm install
npm install
ejs@0.6.1 ./node_modules/ejs
express@2.5.8 ./node_modules/express
-- qs@0.4.2
-- mime@1.2.4
-- mkdirp@0.3.0
-- connect@1.8.5
ejs express package.json
ejsEmbedded JavaScript ASPPHP Express

jade HTML
10
86
5 Node.js Web
{
"name": "microblog"
, "version": "0.0.1"
, "private": true
, "dependencies": {
"express": "2.5.8"
, "ejs": ">= 0.0.1"
}
}
dependencies express ejs npm install

package.json
5.2.3
Express Node.js node
app.js Express server listening on port 3000 in development mode
http://localhost:3000 Welcome
to Express 5-2
5-2
Express
Ctrl + C
supervisor 3.1.3
5.2
87
development mode
6.3
Node.js
2
5.2.4
Express package.json
JavaScript app.js routes/index.js ejs index.ejs layout.ejs 3
style.css
1. app.js
app.js
/**
* Module dependencies.
*/
var express = require('express')
, routes = require('./routes');
var app = module.exports = express.createServer();

// Configuration
app.configure(function(){
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
});
app.configure('development', function(){
app.use(express.errorHandler({ dumpExceptions: true, showStack: true }));
});
app.configure('production', function(){
app.use(express.errorHandler());
});
// Routes
app.get('/', routes.index);
app.listen(3000);
console.log("Express server listening on port %d in %s mode", app.address().port,
app.settings.env);
10
88
5 Node.js Web
Express
Express npm
require routes ./routes/index.js
MVC express.createServer()
app.configure
app.configure
app.set Express keyvalue
basepath res.redirect()
views
view engine
view options
view cache
case sensitive routes
strict routing /
jsonp callback JSONP
Express connect app.use app.configure

5bodyParsermethodOverriderouterstatic errorHandler
bodyParser POST methodOverride
HTTP router static

errorHandler
app.get('/', routes.index); /
routes.index
app.listen(3000); 3000
2. routes/index.js
routes/index.js
/*
* GET home page.
*/
exports.index = function(req, res) {
PUTDELETEHTTP
5.3
89
res.render('index', { title: 'Express' });

};
app.js app.get('/', routes.index); / exports.index

res.render('index', { title: 'Express' })
index
title: 'Express'
3. index.ejs
index.ejs routes/index.js
<h1><%= title %></h1>

<p>Welcome to <%= title %></p>
HTML <%= title %>

res.render
4. layout.ejs
layout.ejs <%- body %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title><%= title %></title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/style.css' />
</head>
<body>
<%- body %>
</body>
</html>
5.3
Express
Express
5.3.1
app.js
10
90
5 Node.js Web
http://localhost:3000
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.142
Safari/535.19
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4
Accept-Charset: UTF-8,*;q=0.5
HTTP HTTP app

app.js app.get('/', routes.index)
/ GET routes.index routes.index
res.render('index', { title: 'Express' }) index title
HTML
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 202
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Express</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Express</h1>
<p>Welcome to Express</p>
</body>
</html>
/stylesheets/style.css
app.js /stylesheets/style.css app
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'))
/stylesheets/style.css app.js public/stylesheets/style.css
5.3
91
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Date: Mon, 02 Apr 2012 15:56:55 GMT
Cache-Control: public, max-age=0
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Mar 2012 12:49:50 GMT
ETag: "110-1331556590000"
Content-Type: text/css; charset=UTF-8
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 110
body {
padding: 50px;
font: 14px "Lucida Grande", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
a {
color: #00B7FF;
}
Express 5-3
9
5-3
Express
MVC
10
92
5 Node.js Web
HTML
5.3.2
http://localhost:3000/abc
404 Not Found 5-4
5-4
/abc public
Express404 Not Found
/hello
app.js app.get('/', routes.index)
app.get('/hello', routes.hello);
routes/index.js hello
/*
* GET home page.
*/
5.3
93
};
exports.hello = function(req, res) {

res.send('The time is ' + new Date().toString());
};
app.js http://localhost:3000/hello5-5
6
5-5
/hello
app.get
req
res
5.3.3
Express
/user/[username]
app.get('/user/:username', function(req, res) {

res.send('user: ' + req.params.username);
});
10
94
5 Node.js Web
app.js http://localhost:3000/user/byvoid
user: byvoid
/user/:username \/user\/([^\/]+)\/?
req.params
JavaScript app.get(\/user\/([^\/]+)\/?,
callback)
req.params[0]req.params[1]
5.3.4 REST
Express REST RESTREST
Representational State Transfer HTTP
HTTP HTTP 8
GET
HEAD
POST
PUT
DELETE
TRACE
CONNECTHTTP/1.1
OPTIONSHTTP
GETPOSTPUT DELETE REST

4
GET
POST
PUT
DELETE
4 5-2
5.3
95
5-2 RESTHTTP
GET
POST
PUT
DELETE
Express HTTP
app.get GET
5-3 Express HTTP
5-3 Express HTTP
GET
app.get(path, callback)
POST
app.post(path, callback)
PUT
app.put(path, callback)
DELETE
app.delete(path, callback)
PATCH
app.patch(path, callback)
TRACE
app.trace(path, callback)
CONNECT
app.connect(path, callback)
OPTIONS
app.options(path, callback)
app.all(path, callback)
POST app.post(path, callback)

app.all
5.3.5
Express
app.all('/user/:username', function(req, res) {
res.send('all methods captured');
});
});
PATCH IETF RFC 5789 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5789 HTTP
10
96
5 Node.js Web
Express
Express next
next()
app.all('/user/:username', function(req, res, next) {
console.log('all methods captured');
next();
});
});
http://localhost:3000/user/carbo all
methods captured user: carbo
console.log next()
GET PUT
next()
var users = {
'byvoid': {
name: 'Carbo',
website: 'http://www.byvoid.com'
}
};
app.all('/user/:username', function(req, res, next) {
//
if (users[req.params.username]) {
next();
} else {
next(new Error(req.params.username + ' does not exist.'));
}
});
//
res.send(JSON.stringify(users[req.params.username]));
});
app.put('/user/:username', function(req, res) {
//
res.send('Done');
});
5.4
97
app.all
next
5.4
Express MVC
ejs
5.4.1
Template Engine HTML
1996 PHP 2.0 PHP Personal Home Page Tools
Perl CGI HTML

PHP ASPJSP
HTML HTML
MVC
MVC
HTML
HTML
HTML
XSLT XML
HTML XSLT
MVC
10
98
5 Node.js Web
HTML
5-6 MVC
5-6
MVC
5.4.2
JavaScript ejs Embedded JavaScript
Express JavaScript
ejs
app.js
ejs views routes/index.js

exports.index
res.render
views
index.ejs
<h1><%= title %></h1>
<p>Welcome to <%= title %></p>
<%= title %>

Express res.render { title: 'Express' }
5.4
99
ejs 3
<% code %>JavaScript
<%= code %> HTML

<%- code %> HTML
5.4.3
Express
layout.ejs
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title><%= title %></title>
</head>
<body>
<%- body %>
</body>
</html>
layout.ejs
<%- body %>
HTML <head>
layout.ejs
app.js app.configure
app.set('view options', {
layout: false
});
layout
function(req, res) {
res.render('userlist', {
title: '',
layout: 'admin'
});
};
userlist admin.ejs
10
100
5 Node.js Web
5.4.4
Express partials
for app.js
app.get('/list', function(req, res) {
res.render('list', {
title: 'List',
items: [1991, 'byvoid', 'express', 'Node.js']
});
});
views list.ejs
<ul><%- partial('listitem', items) %></ul>
listitem.ejs
<li><%= listitem %></li>
http://localhost:3000/list
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>List</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul><li>1991</li><li>byvoid</li><li>express</li><li>Node.js</li></ul>
</body>
</html>
partial
'listitem'
5.4.5
Express
partial
req res
5.4
101
app.helpers()
app.dynamicHelpers()
req res

app.helpers({
inspect: function(obj) {
return util.inspect(obj, true);
}
});
app.dynamicHelpers({
headers: function(req, res) {
return req.headers;
}
});
app.get('/helper', function(req, res) {

res.render('helper', {
title: 'Helpers'
});
});
helperejs
<%=inspect(headers)%>
http://localhost:3000/helper 5-7
5-7
10
102
5 Node.js Web
session
5.5
Express
5.5.1
5.5.2
/
/u/[user]
/post
/reg
/login
/logout
app.js Routes
app.get('/', routes.index);
app.get('/u/:user', routes.user);
app.post('/post', routes.post);
5.5
103
app.get('/reg', routes.reg);
app.post('/reg', routes.doReg);
app.get('/login', routes.login);
app.post('/login', routes.doLogin);
app.get('/logout', routes.logout);
/post/login /reg app.post /login
/reg app.get routes/index.js

};
exports.user = function(req, res) {
};
exports.post = function(req, res) {

};
exports.reg = function(req, res) {
};
exports.doReg = function(req, res) {

};
exports.login = function(req, res) {
};
exports.doLogin = function(req, res) {

};
exports.logout = function(req, res) {
};
5.6session
5.5.3
10
104
5 Node.js Web
Twitter Twitter Bootstrap Twitter

Bootstrap Twitter Twitter
Web UI HTMLCSSJavaScript
Twitter Bootstrap
5-8 Twitter Bootstrap
5-8
Twitter Bootstrap
5.5.4 Bootstrap
Bootstrap http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/
bootstrap.zip
css/bootstrap-responsive.css
css/bootstrap-responsive.min.css
css/bootstrap.css
css/bootstrap.min.css
img/glyphicons-halflings-white.png
img/glyphicons-halflings.png
js/bootstrap.js
js/bootstrap.min.js
5.5
105
JavaScript CSS
min img public bootstrap.css
bootstrap-responsive.css public/stylesheets bootstrap.js public/javascripts

http://jquery.com/ jquery.js public/javascripts
views/layout.ejs
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title><%= title %> - Microblog</title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/bootstrap.css' />
<style type="text/css">
body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
</style>
<link href="stylesheets/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="/">Microblog</a>
<div class="nav-collapse">
<ul class="nav">
<li class="active"><a href="/"></a></li>
<li><a href="/login"></a></li>
<li><a href="/reg"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container" class="container">
<%- body %>
10
106
5 Node.js Web
<hr />
<footer>
<p><a href="http://www.byvoid.com/" target="_blank">BYVoid</a> 2012</p>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
<script src="/javascripts/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="/javascripts/bootstrap.js"></script>
</html>
Bootstrap
container div
views/index.ejs
<div class="hero-unit">
<h1> Microblog</h1>
<p>Microblog Node.js </p>
<p>
<a class="btn btn-primary btn-large" href="/login"></a>
<a class="btn btn-large" href="/reg"></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<h2>Carbo </h2>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2>BYVoid </h2>
<p>
Open Chinese ConvertOpenCC
(libopencc)
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2> </h2>
<p> / Rime Input Method Engine
http://code.google.com/p/rimeime/
</p>
</div>
</div>
5.6
107
5-9
5-9
Bootstrap
Bootstrap
5.6
Bootstrap
5.6.1
MongoDB NoSQL
MySQL
1. NoSQL
NoSQL
10
108
5 Node.js Web
tablerowfield
indexprimary key
unique key
foreign key
SQL
Structured Query Language SQL SQL
MySQLOracleMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSQLite
NoSQL 1998 SQL
NoSQL Not Only SQL ACID
NoSQL SQL
SQL NoSQL SQL
NoSQL
2. MongoDB
MongoDB
MongoDB
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "4f7fe8432b4a1077a7c551e8" ),
"uid" : 2004,
"username" : "byvoid",
"net9" : { "nickname" : "BYVoid",
"surname" : "Kuo",
"givenname" : "Carbo",
"fullname" : "Carbo Kuo",
"emails" : [ "byvoid@byvoid.com", "byvoid.kcp@gmail.com" ],
"website" : "http://www.byvoid.com",
"address" : "Zijing 2#, Tsinghua University" }
}
uid username _id

ObjectIdnet9
JSONMongoDB JSON JavaScript
ACID transactionatomicityconsistency
isolationdurability
MongoDB BSON Binary JSON JSON
5.6
109
Mongodb
MongoDB SQL
3.
MongoDB
http://www.mongodb.org/
Node.js MongoDB package.json
dependencies
{
"name": "microblog"
, "version": "0.0.1"
, "private": true
, "dependencies": {
"express": "2.5.8"
, "ejs": ">= 0.0.1"
, "mongodb": ">= 0.9.9"
}
npm install settings.js

microblog
Settings.js
module.exports = {
cookieSecret: 'microblogbyvoid',
db: 'microblog',
host: 'localhost',
};
db host cookieSecret Cookie
models db.js
var
var
var
var
settings = require('../settings');
Db = require('mongodb').Db;
Connection = require('mongodb').Connection;
Server = require('mongodb').Server;
module.exports = new Db(settings.db, new Server(settings.host, Connection.DEFAULT_

PORT, {}));
10
110
5 Node.js Web
module.exports
5.6.2
FTPTelnet
HTTP
HTTP Cookie Cookie

Cookie
HTTP
Cookie
PHP
Express
MongoDB
connect-mongo package.json
{
"name": "microblog"
, "version": "0.0.1"
, "private": true
, "dependencies": {
"express": "2.5.8"
, "ejs": ">= 0.0.1"
, "connect-mongo": ">= 0.1.7"
, "mongodb": ">= 0.9.9"
}
}
npm install app.js

var MongoStore = require('connect-mongo');
var settings = require('../settings');
5.6
111
app.use(express.cookieParser());
app.use(express.session({
secret: settings.cookieSecret,
store: new MongoStore({
db: settings.db
})
}));
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
});
express.cookieParser() Cookie express.session()
store MongoStore
req.session
5.6.3
1.
views/reg.ejs
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend></legend>
<div class="control-group">
<label class="control-label" for="username"></label>
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="username" name="username">
<p class="help-block"></p>
</div>
</div>
<label class="control-label" for="password"></label>
<input type="password" class="input-xlarge" id="password" name="password">
</div>
10
112
5 Node.js Web
</div>
<label class="control-label" for="password-repeat"></label>
<input type="password" class="input-xlarge" id="password-repeat"
name="password-repeat">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-actions">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"></button>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
3 usernamepassword password-repeat
POST
app.js
app.js app.configure
app.use(express.router(routes)) app.use(app.router)
app.set('views', --dirname + '/views');
app.use(express.cookieParser());
app.use(express.session({
secret: settings.cookieSecret,
store: new MongoStore({
db: settings.db
})
}));
app.use(express.router(routes));
app.use(express.static(--dirname + '/public'));
});
routes/index.js
module.exports = function(app) {
app.get('/', function(req, res) {
res.render('index', {
title: ''
});
});
app.get('/reg', function(req, res) {
res.render('reg', {
5.6
113
title: '',
});
});
};
app.js http://localhost:3000/reg5-10
7
5-10
2.
POST routes/
index.js /reg POST

app.post('/reg', function(req, res) {
//
if (req.body['password-repeat'] != req.body['password']) {
req.flash('error', '');
return res.redirect('/reg');
}
10
114
5 Node.js Web
//
var md5 = crypto.createHash('md5');
var password = md5.update(req.body.password).digest('base64');
var newUser = new User({
name: req.body.username,
password: password,
});
//
User.get(newUser.name, function(err, user) {
if (user)
err = 'Username already exists.';
if (err) {
req.flash('error', err);
}
//
newUser.save(function(err) {
if (err) {
}
req.session.user = newUser;
req.flash('success', '');
res.redirect('/');
});
});
});
req.body POST
password req.body['password']
req.flash Express
res.redirect 303 See Other
crypto Node.js
var crypto = require('crypto')
User
var User = require('../models/user.js')
5.6
115
User.get
User.save
req.session.user = newUser
3.
User User MVC
User
models user.js
var mongodb = require('./db');
function User(user) {
this.name = user.name;
this.password = user.password;
};
module.exports = User;
User.prototype.save = function save(callback) {
// Mongodb
var user = {
name: this.name,
password: this.password,
};
mongodb.open(function(err, db) {
if (err) {
return callback(err);
}
// users
db.collection('users', function(err, collection) {
if (err) {
mongodb.close();
}
// name
collection.ensureIndex('name', {unique: true});
// user
collection.insert(user, {safe: true}, function(err, user) {
mongodb.close();
callback(err, user);
});
});
10
116
5 Node.js Web
});
};
User.get = function get(username, callback) {
if (err) {
}
// users
if (err) {
mongodb.close();
}
// name username
collection.findOne({name: username}, function(err, doc) {
mongodb.close();
if (doc) {
// User
var user = new User(doc);
callback(err, user);
} else {
callback(err, null);
}
});
});
});
};
User.prototype.save User.get
4.
app.js
app.dynamicHelpers({
user: function(req, res) {
return req.session.user;
},
error: function(req, res) {
var err = req.flash('error');
5.6
117
if (err.length)
return err;
else
return null;
},
success: function(req, res) {
var succ = req.flash('success');

if (succ.length)
return succ;
else
return null;
},
});
layout.ejs
<ul class="nav">
<li class="active"><a href="/"></a></li>
<% if (!user) { %>
<li><a href="/login"></a></li>
<li><a href="/reg"></a></li>
<% } else { %>

<li><a href="/logout"></a></li>
<% } %>
</ul>
container <%- body %>
<% if (success) { %>

<div class="alert alert-success">
<%= success %>

</div>
<% } %>
<% if (error) { %>
<div class="alert alert-error">

<%= error %>
</div>
<% } %>
5-115-12
10
118
5 Node.js Web
5-11
5-12
5.6
119
5.
routes/index.js
app.get('/login', function(req, res) {
res.render('login', {
title: '',
});
});
app.post('/login', function(req, res) {
//
User.get(req.body.username, function(err, user) {

if (!user) {
return res.redirect('/login');
}
if (user.password != password) {
}
req.session.user = user;
res.redirect('/');
});
});
app.get('/logout', function(req, res) {

req.session.user = null;
res.redirect('/');
});
req.session.user
views/login.ejs
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend></legend>
<label class="control-label" for="username"></label>
10
120
5 Node.js Web
<input type="text" class="input-xlarge" id="username" name="username">
</div>
</div>
<label class="control-label" for="password"></label>
<input type="password" class="input-xlarge" id="password" name="password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-actions">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"></button>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
http://localhost:3000/login5-13
5-13
5.6.4
5.6
121
DRY
5.3.5 next()
routes/index.js
var crypto = require('crypto');

var User = require('../models/user.js');
module.exports = function(app) {
title: ''
});
});
5
app.get('/reg', checkNotLogin);
app.get('/reg', function(req, res) {
res.render('reg', {
title: '',
});
});
app.post('/reg', checkNotLogin);
app.post('/reg', function(req, res) {
//
if (req.body['password-repeat'] != req.body['password']) {
}
//
var newUser = new User({
name: req.body.username,
password: password,
});
DRY Dont Repeat Yourself Once And Only Once
10
122
5 Node.js Web
//
User.get(newUser.name, function(err, user) {
if (user)
err = 'Username already exists.';
if (err) {
}
//
newUser.save(function(err) {
if (err) {
}
req.session.user = newUser;
res.redirect('/');
});
});
});
app.get('/login', checkNotLogin);
app.get('/login', function(req, res) {
res.render('login', {
title: '',
});
});
app.post('/login', checkNotLogin);
app.post('/login', function(req, res) {
//
User.get(req.body.username, function(err, user) {
if (!user) {
}
if (user.password != password) {
}
req.session.user = user;
res.redirect('/');
});
});
5.7
123
app.get('/logout', checkLogin);
app.get('/logout', function(req, res) {
req.session.user = null;
res.redirect('/');
});
};
function checkLogin(req, res, next) {
if (!req.session.user) {
}
next();
}
4
function checkNotLogin(req, res, next) {
if (req.session.user) {
return res.redirect('/');
}
next();
}
5.7
5.7.1
Post
User Post.get Post.prototype.savePost.get
Post.prototype.save
Post
models/post.js
var mongodb = require('./db');

function Post(username, post, time) {
this.user = username;
this.post = post;
10
124
5 Node.js Web
if (time) {
this.time = time;
} else {
this.time = new Date();
}
};
module.exports = Post;
Post.prototype.save = function save(callback) {
// Mongodb
var post = {
user: this.user,
post: this.post,
time: this.time,
};
if (err) {
}
// posts
db.collection('posts', function(err, collection) {
if (err) {
mongodb.close();
}
// user
collection.ensureIndex('user');
// post
collection.insert(post, {safe: true}, function(err, post) {
mongodb.close();
callback(err, post);
});
});
});
};
Post.get = function get(username, callback) {
if (err) {
}
// posts
db.collection('posts', function(err, collection) {
if (err) {
mongodb.close();
}
5.7
125
// user username username null

var query = {};
if (username) {
query.user = username;
}
collection.find(query).sort({time: -1}).toArray(function(err, docs) {
mongodb.close();
if (err) {
callback(err, null);
}
// posts Post
var posts = [];
docs.forEach(function(doc, index) {
var post = new Post(doc.user, doc.post, doc.time);
posts.push(post);
});
callback(null, posts);
});
});
});
};
5.7.2
POST /post
routes/index.js
app.post('/post', checkLogin);
app.post('/post', function(req, res) {
var currentUser = req.session.user;
var post = new Post(currentUser.name, req.body.post);
post.save(function(err) {
if (err) {
}
res.redirect('/u/' + currentUser.name);
});
});
req.session.user req.body.post
Post save()
10
126
5 Node.js Web
5.7.3
routes/index.js
app.get('/u/:user', function(req, res) {
User.get(req.params.user, function(err, user) {
if (!user) {
}
Post.get(user.name, function(err, posts) {
if (err) {
}
res.render('user', {
title: user.name,
posts: posts,
});
});
});
});
posts user views/user.ejs

<% if (user) { %>
<%- partial('say') %>
<% } %>
<%- partial('posts') %>
DRY say.ejs posts.ejssay.ejs
<form method="post" action="/post" class="well form-inline center" style="text-align:

center;">
<input type="text" class="span8" name="post">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success"><i class="icon-comment icon-white">
</i> </button>
</form>
posts.ejs posts
<% posts.forEach(function(post, index) {
if (index % 3 == 0) { %>
<div class="row">
<%} %>
<div class="span4">
5.7
127
<h2><a href="/u/<%= post.user %>"><%= post.user %></a> </h2>

<p><small><%= post.time %></small></p>
<p><%= post.post %></p>
</div>
<% if (index % 3 == 2) { %>
</div>
<% } %>
<%}) %>
<% if (posts.length % 3 != 0) { %>
</div>
<%} %>
5-14
5-14
5.7.4
routes/index.js
Post.get(null, function(err, posts) {
if (err) {
10
128
5 Node.js Web
posts = [];
}
title: '',
posts: posts,
});
});
});
posts
index.ejs
<% if (!user) { %>
<div class="hero-unit">
<h1> Microblog</h1>
<p>Microblog Node.js </p>
<p>
<a class="btn btn-primary btn-large" href="/login"></a>
<a class="btn btn-large" href="/reg"></a>
</p>
</div>
<% } else { %>
<%- partial('say') %>
<% } %>
<%- partial('posts') %>
5-155-16
5-15
5.8
129
4
5-16
5.7.5
OAuth HTML
Node.js https://github.com/BYVoid/
microblog Microblog
5.8
Node.jsWeb MVC: http://club.cnodejs.org/topic/4f16442
ccae1f4aa27001135
10
130
5 Node.js Web
A HTTP Proxy Server in 20 Lines of node.js Code: http://www.catonmat.net/http-proxy-
in-nodejs/
Node.js Recommended Third-party Modules: http://nodejs.org/api/appendix_1.html
Express Guide: http://expressjs.com/guide.html
EJSEmbedded JavaScript: http://embeddedjs.com/
Jade: http://jade-lang.com/
JSON-P: http://www.json-p.org/
Connect: http://www.senchalabs.org/connect/
REST: http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/rest-introduction
HTTP Verbs: POSTPUT PATCH : http://ihower.tw/blog/archives/6483
Template engine (Web): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_engine_(Web)
Bootstrap: http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/
MongoDB Manual: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Manual
6.1
131
Node.js
10
132
Node.js

Node.js
Node.js
6.1
Node.js require
Node.js
6.1.1
Node.js
Node.js API fshttpnetvm Node.js
require
require('fs')
Node.js
JavaScript JSON
C/C++ npm
Node.js .js.json .node
.js JavaScript .json JSON .node C/C++
6-1 Node.js
6-1 Node.js
JavaScript
.js
JSON
.json
C/C++
.node
6.1.2
node_modules
require / require
('/home/byvoid/module') /home/byvoid/module.js
6.1
133
/home/byvoid/module.json /home/byvoid/module.node
require ./ ../
require('./hello')
hello.js
6.1.3 node_modules
require /
./ ../
node_modules npm
npm install expressnode_modules

6-1
6-1
node_modules
node_modules require('express')
require('./node_modules/express')Node.js
node_modules
require
node_modules
node_modules
/home/byvoid/develop/foo.js require('bar.js')
10
134
Node.js
Node.js
/home/byvoid/develop/node_modules/bar.js
/home/byvoid/node_modules/bar.js
/home/node_modules/bar.js
/node_modules/bar.js
|- project
|- app.js
|- models
|- ...
|- views
|- ...
|- controllers
|- index_controller.js
|- error_controller.js
|- ...
|- node_modules
|- express
project app.js require('express')

controllers index_controller.js require('express')
node_modules express
6.1.4
Node.js Node.js
Node.js
require()
require('express') require('./node_modules/express')
6.1.5
require(some_module)
(1) some_module
(2) some_module /
./ ../ some_module
(3) current_dir current_dir/node_modules/some_module

6.2
135
current_dir

6.2
I/O
6.2.1
Node.js
//forloop.js
var files = ['a.txt', 'b.txt', 'c.txt'];
for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
fs.readFile(files[i], 'utf-8', function(err, contents) {
console.log(files[i] + ': ' + contents);
});
}
a.txtb.txtc.txt
AAABBB CCC
a.txt: AAA
b.txt: BBB
c.txt: CCC
undefined: AAA
undefined: BBB
undefined: CCC
contents
files[i] undefined
files[i]
filesi files[i]
10
136
Node.js
//forloopi.js
console.log(files);
console.log(i);
console.log(files[i]);
});
}
[ 'a.txt', 'b.txt', 'c.txt' ]

3
undefined
3
undefined
3
undefined
i 3 files
files[i] undefined for
for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) i
files.length i 3 fs.readFile
i files[i] fs.readFile
3
i
JavaScript
//forloopclosure.js
(function(i) {
console.log(files[i] + ': ' + contents);
});
})(i);
}
6.2
137
for i
fs.readFile i
forEach
//callbackforeach.js
files.forEach(function(filename) {
fs.readFile(filename, 'utf-8', function(err, contents) {
console.log(filename + ': ' + contents);
});
});
6.2.2
Node.js
async
async.seriesasync.parallelasync.waterfall
streamlinejsjscex
eventproxy
10
138
Node.js
Node.jshttp://club.cnodejs.org/
6.3
Node.js
5Expressnode app.js
bug
Node.js
Node.jsCPU
IP
PHPRailsNode.js
80

6.3.1
5Express
6.3
Node.js
139
NODE_ENV NODE_ENV=production
node app.js
Express server listening on port 3000 in production mode
IP
Express stream
app.js
var accessLogfile = fs.createWriteStream('access.log', {flags: 'a'});
var errorLogfile = fs.createWriteStream('error.log', {flags: 'a'});
app.configure
app.use(express.logger({stream: accessLogfile}));
app.configure('production', function(){
app.error(function (err, req, res, next) {
var meta = '[' + new Date() + '] ' + req.url + '\n';
errorLogfile.write(meta + err.stack + '\n');
next();
});
});
app.error
http://127.0.0.1:3000/app.js
access.log
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3389 "-" "Mozilla/5.0
(Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/18.0.1025.162 Safari/535.19"
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET /stylesheets/bootstrap-responsive.css
HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://127.0.0.1:3000/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3)
AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.162 Safari/535.19"
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET /javascripts/jquery.js HTTP/1.1" 304
- "http://127.0.0.1:3000/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3)
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET /javascripts/bootstrap.js HTTP/1.1"
304 - "http://127.0.0.1:3000/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3)
10
140
Node.js
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET /stylesheets/bootstrap.css HTTP/1.1"

304 - "http://127.0.0.1:3000/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3)
127.0.0.1 - - [Thu, 5 Apr 2012 15:29:28 GMT] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-"
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/18.0.1025.162 Safari/535.19"
routes/index.js /
throw new Error('An error for test purposes.');
http://127.0.0.1:3000/ error.log
[Thu Apr 5 2012 23:33:21 GMT+0800 (CST)] /
Error: An error for test purposes.
at Object.<anonymous> (/byvoid/microblog/routes/index.js:7:11)
at nextMiddleware (/byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/
lib/middleware/router.js:175:25)
at param (/byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/lib/
middleware/router.js:183:16)
at pass (/byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/lib/
middleware/router.js:191:10)
at Object.router [as handle] (/byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/
node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/router.js:197:6)
at next (/byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/lib/
http.js:203:15)
at /byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/
session.js:323:9
at /byvoid/microblog/node_modules/express/node_modules/connect/lib/middleware/
session.js:342:9
at /byvoid/microblog/node_modules/connect-mongo/lib/connect-mongo.js:151:15
at /byvoid/microblog/node_modules/connect-mongo/node_modules/mongodb/lib/
mongodb/collection.js:885:34
6.3.2 cluster
0.6 Node.js clustercluster
Node.js
child_process cluster
app.jsapp.jsapp.listen
(3000);
if (!module.parent) {
app.listen(3000);
console.log("Express server listening on port %d in %s mode", app.address().port,
app.settings.env);
}
6.3
Node.js
141
node app.jsrequire('./app')
listen()
cluster app.jscluster.js
var cluster = require('cluster');

var os = require('os');
// CPU
var numCPUs = os.cpus().length;
var workers = {};
if (cluster.isMaster) {
//
cluster.on('death', function (worker) {
//
delete workers[worker.pid];
worker = cluster.fork();
workers[worker.pid] = worker;
});
// CPU
for (var i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) {
var worker = cluster.fork();
workers[worker.pid] = worker;
}
} else {
//
var app = require('./app');
app.listen(3000);
}
//
process.on('SIGTERM', function () {
for (var pid in workers) {
process.kill(pid);
}
process.exit(0);
});
cluster.js CPU CPU
cluster
10
142
Node.js
node cluster.js node 8

CPU
12408
12411
12412
12414
12416
12418
12420
12422
12424
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
00:01:28
00:01:27
00:01:28
00:01:31
00:01:34
00:01:44
00:01:38
00:01:34
00:02:14
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
6.3.3
Linux
/etc/init.d/ /etc/init.d/nginx start /etc/init.d/
nginx stop Nginx bash
microblog chmod +x microblog

#! /bin/sh
NODE_ENV=production
DAEMON="node cluster.js"
NAME=Microblog
DESC=Microblog
PIDFILE="microblog.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting $DESC: "
nohup $DAEMON > /dev/null &
echo $! > $PIDFILE
echo "$NAME."
;;
stop)
echo "Stopping $DESC: "
pid='cat $PIDFILE'
kill $pid
rm $PIDFILE
echo "$NAME."
;;
esac
exit 0
6.3
Node.js
143
nohup
pid microblog.pid microblog.pid pid
./microblog start
Starting Microblog:
Microblog.
microblog.pid
./microblog stop
DAEMON PIDFILE
4
POSIX LinuxMac OS Windows
6.3.4 80
3000:3000
HTTP 8080
app.js 80
PHP
IP
HTTPNginxApacheIISNginx
Node.js
Nginx
server {
listen 80;
server_name mysite.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
}
mysite.com 80
http://localhost:3000Node.js http://mysite.com/
10
144
Node.js
http://localhost:3000
Nginx
Nginxapp.js app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
Nginx Node.js
6.4
Node.js
Node.js
Silver Bullet
Fred Brooks1987 No Silver Bullet
The Mythical Man-Month
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
IBM OS/360
6.4
Node.js
145
Node.js
Node.js
1.
Node.js 0.8 Node.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.jsCPU
CPU 200200
Web
2.
Node.js
Node.js
3.
Node.js
I/O
Node.js
10
146
Node.js
4. Unicode
Node.js Unicodestring Node.js
JavaScript JavaScript UCS2
Unicode 65536
2000 Unicode
65536Unicode
WindowsJava JavaScript
Unicode 2UCS44
Unicode UCS2 UTF-16
UCS2UTF-16 UCS2
UCS2
UTF-16 UCS2
UTF-8 UTF-32 UCS4 4
JavaScript UCS2 UTF-16

UCS4 JavaScript V8
Node.js Node.js
string Buffer
6.5
Node.js
Node.js : http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/
nodejs-module-mechanism
Node WebDavid Herron
: http://club.cnodejs.org/topic/4f6f057f8a04d82a3d0d230a
What Is Node? JavaScript Breaks Out of the Browser: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/06369
20021506. do
Node.js : http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/
cn/opensource/os-nodejs/
Node.js is Cancer: http://teddziuba.com/2011/10/node-js-is-cancer.html
Node.js is Candy: http://xentac.net/2011/10/05/1-nodejs-is-candy.html
V8 does not support UCS 4 characters: http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/ detail?id=1697
A JavaScript
147
JavaScript
10
148
JavaScript
VBScript
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript JavaScript Brendan

Eich Gmail
Web 2.0 JavaScript
JavaScript ECMAScript
JavaScript
Node.js
JavaScript
lambda
JavaScript
functional programming
JavaScript
A.1
scope
CC++Java JavaScript
block scope
C JavaScript
if (true) {
var somevar = 'value';
}
console.log(somevar); // value
JavaScript iffor
A.1.1
C JavaScript
A JavaScript
149
JavaScript
var v1 = 'v1';
var f1 = function() {
console.log(v1); // v1
};
f1();
var v1 = 'local';
console.log(v1); // local
};
f2();
JavaScript
var scope = 'global';

var f = function() {
console.log(scope); // undefined
var scope = 'f';
}
f();
globalundefined
JavaScript console.log scope
JavaScript f f scope
scope console.log scope
undefined
undefined
var
undefined JavaScript
undefined
10
150
JavaScript
var f = function() {
var scope = 'f0';
(function() {
var scope = 'f1';
(function() {
console.log(scope); // f1
})();
})();
};
f();
scope
scope
JavaScript
var scope = 'top';

console.log(scope);
};
f1(); // top
var scope = 'f2';
f1();
};
f2(); // top
f2 f1 scope
scope f2 scope
A.1.2
JavaScript Node.js global
window

A JavaScript
151
var
A.2
closure 20 60
Scheme LISP
A.2.1
JavaScript
var generateClosure = function() {

var count = 0;
var get = function() {
count ++;
return count;
};
return get;
};
7
var counter = generateClosure();
console.log(counter()); // 1
generateClosure() count 0
get get generateClosure() count

1 count generateClosure() get
counter generateClosure() get
counter() 1
count
generateClosure generateClosure
generateClosure count
10
152
JavaScript
generateClosure() counter() count

counter() count
generateClosure() get counter counter

generateClosure()

var count = 0;
count ++;
return count;
};
return get;
};
var counter1 = generateClosure();
var counter2 = generateClosure();
console.log(counter1()); // 1
counter1 counter2 generateClosure() count
generateClosure() get get

generateClosure() count
generateClosure() counter1
counter2
A.2.2
1.
Node.js MongoDB
A JavaScript
153
exports.add_user = function(user_info, callback) {

var uid = parseInt(user_info['uid']);
if (err) {callback(err); return;}
collection.ensureIndex("uid", function(err) {
collection.ensureIndex("username", function(err) {
collection.findOne({uid: uid}, function(err) {
if (doc) {
callback('occupied');
} else {
var user = {
uid: uid,
user: user_info,
};
collection.insert(user, function(err) {
callback(err);
});
}
});
});
});
});
});
};
Node.js MongoDB
callback uid
2.
JavaScript
JavaScript_myPrivateProp
10
154
JavaScript

var count = 0;
count ++;
return count;
};
return get;
};
var counter = generateClosure();
counter() count
1 count
JavaScripthttp://javascript.crockford.com/private.html
A.3
C++Java
PythonRuby JavaScript
JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript
A.3.1
JavaScript
JavaScript
A JavaScript
155
JavaScript
var foo = {};
foo.prop_1 = 'bar';
foo.prop_2 = false;
foo.prop_3 = function() {
return 'hello world';
}
console.log(foo.prop_3());
var foo = {}; foo

foo.prop1 {} var
foo = new Object()
1.
var foo = {};

foo['prop1'] = 'bar';
foo['prop2'] = false;
foo['prop3'] = function() {
}
JavaScript
this
var some_prop = 'prop2';

foo[some_prop] = false;
2.
JavaScript
var foo = {
'prop1': 'bar',
prop2: 'false',
prop3: function (){
}
};
10
156
JavaScript
A.3.2
C++
JavaScript
function User(name, uri) {

this.name = name;
this.uri = uri;
this.display = function() {
}
}
new
var someuser = new User('byvoid', 'http://www.byvoid.com');
someuser
A.3.3
JavaScript this
JavaScript
this
JavaScript C++ this
this
var someuser = {
name: 'byvoid',
display: function() {
}
};
someuser.display(); // byvoid
var foo = {
A JavaScript
157
bar: someuser.display,
name: 'foobar'
};
foo.bar(); // foobar
JavaScript
foo bar someuser.display foo.bar()

bar foo this
JavaScript
var someuser = {
name: 'byvoid',
func: function() {
}
};
var foo = {
name: 'foobar'
};
someuser.func(); // byvoid
foo.func = someuser.func;
foo.func(); // foobar
name = 'global';
func = someuser.func;
func(); // global
this
JavaScript
1. call apply
JavaScript call apply
JavaScript call apply
JavaScript
10
158
JavaScript
call
apply call
call apply call
apply call apply

func.call(thisArg[, arg1[, arg2[, ...]]])
func.apply(thisArg[, argsArray])
func thisArg func arg1arg2

argsArray func call
var someuser = {
name: 'byvoid',
display: function(words) {
console.log(this.name + ' says ' + words);
}
};
var foo = {
name: 'foobar'
};
someuser.display.call(foo, 'hello'); // foobar says hello
Node.js foobarsomeuser.display
call foo this.name
foo.namefoobar
2. bind
call apply
bind
bind
func.bind(thisArg[, arg1[, arg2[, ...]]])
func thisArg arg1arg2

bind thisArg func bind
var someuser = {
name: 'byvoid',
func: function() {
A JavaScript
159
}
};
var foo = {
name: 'foobar'
};
foo.func = someuser.func;
foo.func(); // foobar
foo.func1 = someuser.func.bind(someuser);
foo.func1(); // byvoid
func = someuser.func.bind(foo);
func(); // foobar
func2 = func;
func2(); // foobar
foo.func someuser.func foo.func() this

foo foobarfoo.func1 bind someuser
this someuser.func foo.func1() this someuser
byvoid func bind foo this

someuser.func func() this foo foobar
func2 func func
3. bind
bind
var person = {
name: 'byvoid',
says: function(act, obj) {
console.log(this.name + ' ' + act + ' ' + obj);
}
};
person.says('loves', 'diovyb'); // byvoid loves diovyb

byvoidLoves = person.says.bind(person, 'loves');
byvoidLoves('you'); // byvoid loves you
byvoidLoves this person
loves byvoidLoves
10
160
JavaScript
4. bind
bind
var someuser = {
name: 'byvoid',
func: function () {
}
};
var foo = {
name: 'foobar'
};
func = someuser.func.bind(foo);
func(); // foobar
func2 = func.bind(someuser);
func2(); // foobar
func someuser.func.bindthisfoofunc()
foobar func2 func bind this
someuserfunc2foobar this foo
bind
bind
someuser.func.bind = function(self) {
return this.call(self);
};
someuser.func bind this

someuser.func this.call(self) self
this someuser.func
//func = someuser.func.bind(foo)
func = function() {
return someuser.func.call(foo);
};
//func2 = func.bind(someuser)
func2 = function() {
return func.call(someuser);
};
func2 someuser func this

func func this bind
A JavaScript
161
A.3.4
JavaScript
Java C++
JavaScript
100%
new
function Person() {
}
Person.prototype.name = 'BYVoid';
Person.prototype.showName = function () {
};
var person = new Person();
person.showName();
function Foo() {
var innerVar = 'hello';
this.prop1 = 'BYVoid';
this.func1 = function(){
innerVar = '';
};
}
Foo.prototype.prop2 = 'Carbo';
Foo.prototype.func2 = function () {
console.log(this.prop2);
10
162
JavaScript
};
var foo1 = new Foo();
var foo2 = new Foo();
console.log(foo1.func1 == foo2.func1); // false
console.log(foo1.func2 == foo2.func2); // true
JavaScript
JavaScript Object Function

Object.prototype Function.prototype
JavaScript
new
new
prototype __proto__
Object.prototype
prototype
__proto__ prototype constructor
function Foo() {
}
Object.prototype.name = 'My Object';
Foo.prototype.name = 'Bar';
var obj = new Object();
var foo = new Foo();
console.log(obj.name); // My Object
console.log(foo.name); // Bar
console.log(foo.__proto__.name); // Bar
console.log(foo.__proto__.__proto__.name); // My Object
console.log(foo. __proto__.constructor.prototype.name); // Bar
Foo () foo Object

Foo
A JavaScript
163
A-1
6
A-1
JavaScript
JavaScript prototype chain
foo foo. __proto__ foo. __proto__.__proto__
foo.constructorfoo.
__proto__Foo.prototype
foo.toStringfoo. __proto__.__proto__
Object.prototype
A.3.5
JavaScript Java C
Java clone
JavaScript
10
164
JavaScript
Object.prototype.clone = function() {
var newObj = {};
for (var i in this) {
newObj[i] = this[i];
}
return newObj;
}
var obj = {
name: 'byvoid',
likes: ['node']
};
var newObj = obj.clone();
obj.likes.push('python');
console.log(obj.likes); // [ 'node', 'python' ]
console.log(newObj.likes); // [ 'node', 'python' ]
shallow copy
likes
deep copy
Object.prototype.clone = function() {
var newObj = {};
if (typeof(this[i]) == 'object' || typeof(this[i]) == 'function') {
newObj[i] = this[i].clone();
} else {
newObj[i] = this[i];
}
}
return newObj;
};
Array.prototype.clone = function() {
var newArray = [];
for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
if (typeof(this[i]) == 'object' || typeof(this[i]) == 'function') {
newArray[i] = this[i].clone();
} else {
newArray[i] = this[i];
}
}
return newArray;
A JavaScript
165
};
Function.prototype.clone = function() {
var that = this;
var newFunc = function() {
return that.apply(this, arguments);
};
newFunc[i] = this[i];
}
return newFunc;
};
var obj = {
name: 'byvoid',
likes: ['node'],
display: function() {
},
};
var newObj = obj.clone();
newObj.likes.push('python');
console.log(obj.likes); // [ 'node' ]
console.log(newObj.likes); // [ 'node', 'python' ]
console.log(newObj.display == obj.display); // false
var obj1 = {
ref: null
};
var obj2 = {
ref: obj1
};
obj1.ref = obj2;
obj1 obj2
10
Node.js
167
Node.js
10
168
Node.js
Node.jsNode.js
Node.js
Node.js
Node.jsJavaScript
Felixs Node.js Style Guidehttp://nodeguide.com/

style.htmlJavaScript
B.1
TabDelphiMicrosoft C++
PythonRubyC#
Node.js
Node.js
function func(boolVar) {
if (boolVar) {
console.log('True');
} else {
console.log('False');
}
};
function func(boolVar)
{
if (boolVar)
{
console.log('True');
}
else
{
console.log('False');
}
};
B.2
Node.js
169
80
B.3
JavaScriptC ; Python
var a = 1;
var b = 'world';
};
c(b);
var a = 1
var b = 'world'
console.log('hello ' + x + a)
}
c(b)
B.4
var
var
var ,
var
var
var
var
foo;
bar;
arr = [40, 'foo'];
obj = {};
10
170
Node.js
var foo, bar;

var arr = [40, 'foo'],
obj = {};
B.5
lower camel case
var yourName = 'BYVoid';
var YourName = 'BYVoid';

//
var your_name = 'BYVoid';
B.6
JavaScript
upper camel casePascal

{ }
var someFunction = function() {

return 'something';
};
function anotherFunction() {
return 'anything';
}
function DataStructure() {
this.someProperty = 'initialized';
}
Node.js
171
var SomeFunction = function()

{
return 'something';
};
function another_function () {
return 'anything';
}
function dataStructure() {
this.someProperty = 'initialized';}
B.7
JavaScript ' "

JSONXML 4
console.log('Hello world.');
console.log("Hello world.");
B.8
var = { };
var anObject = {
name: 'BYVoid',
website: 'http://www.byvoid.com/',
'is good': true,
};
var anObject = {'name': 'BYVoid',

website: 'http://www.byvoid.com/'
, "is good": true};
B.9
=== == ==
10
172
Node.js
num == literaltrue
var num = 9;
var literal = '9';
if (num === literal) {
console.log('Should not be here!!!');
}
var num = 9;
var literal = '9';
if (num == literal) {
console.log('Should not be here!!!');
}
B.10
Node.jsAPI
err undefined
req.on('end', function onEnd(err, message) {

if (err) {
console.log('Error.');
}
});
function FooObj() {
this.foo = 'bar';
}
req.on('end', function (message, err) {

if (err === false) {
console.log('Error.');
}
});
var FooObj = function() {
this.foo = 'bar';
}
B.11
Node.js
173
new
function FooObj(bar) {
//
this.bar = bar;
this.arr = [1, 2, 3];
}
//
FooObj.prototype.func = function() {
console.log(this.arr);
};
var obj1 = new FooObj('obj1');
obj1.arr.push(4);
obj1.func(); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
obj2.func(); // [1, 2, 3]
function FooObj(bar) {
this.bar = bar;
this.func = function() {
console.log(this.arr);
};
}
FooObj.prototype.arr = [1, 2, 3];
obj1.arr.push(4);
obj1.func(); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
obj2.func(); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
B.12
10
174
Node.js
Node.jsutilinheritsFooEventEmitter

function Foo() {
}
util.inherits(Foo, events.EventEmitter);
175
A
access log83
ACID108
ActionScript9
applet7
Asynchronous I/O I/O4~529~31
Atomicity
108
B
Binary JSONBSON108
block
2931
Blocking I/O I/O29
2
CouchDB11
C7
D
Deep Clone164
Django2
Document108
DOM
3
DRYDont Repeat Yourself121
Durability
108
BOM
3
ECMA
8~9
ECMAScript8~9
Call Back Function

3134
Carakan9
Chakra9
child_process140
Client JavaScript3
cluster140
CommonJS10
CommonJS PackagesCommonJS
38
Comprehensive Perl Archive NetworkCPAN41
Consistency108
console
60~61
console.error()61
console.log()60
console.trace()61
Context Object156
ECMA-2628
ejsEmbedded JavaScript98~99
error log138~140
Event2931
Event Loop
29
EventEmitter.emit()64
EventEmitter.on()64
EventEmitter.once()64
EventEmitter.removeAllListeners()65
EventEmitter.removeListener()64
events.EventEmitter64~65
exports35
Express83~86
XSLTExtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations
97
Cookie110~111
Core JavaScript3
Field108
Core Modules
132
File Descriptor67
10
176
File Modules
132
Foreign Key
108
fs.open67
Lexical Scope150
fs.read68
Libeio6
fs.readFile66
Libev6
fs.readFileSync67
Libuv6
FTP110
LiveScript7
LiveWire7
Load Caching
134
Local Mode
42
Global Link
43
Global Mode
42
Global Object
58150
Global Scope150
H
http.ClientRequest76
http.ClientResponse77
http.createServer71
M
Microsoft SQL Server108
Middleware97
Module
35
module.exports36~38
MongoDB108
MVC
80
MySQL108
http.get76
http.request76
http.Server70
http.ServerRequest71
http.ServerResponse74
I
Index
108
IOCPInput/Output Completion Port6
Nitro9
node_modules133
Node
Node Package Managernpm41
Nombas41
Non-blocking I/O
I/O
29
NoSQLNot Only SQL107
ISO
8
ISO-162628
Isolation
108
J
JaegerMonkey9
O
Once And Only Once121
Opera9
Oracle108
ORMObject Relation Model83
Java applet7
JITJust-in-time Compilation
3
K
KJS9
Konqueror9
P
Package38~39
PHPPersonal Home Page Tools
97
pearPHP Extension and Application Repository43
Pingback70

PostgreSQL108
Primary Key
108
process58~59
process.argv59
process.execPath60
process.memoryUsage()60
process.nextTick()59
process.pid60
process.platform60
process.stdin59
process.stdout59
Prototype161
Prototype Chain
162
Python Package Indexpip
42
177
Safari9
ScriptEase7
Semantic Versioning
39
Sequence of Loading
134
Session
110
Shallow Clone
164
Smalltalk80
SpiderMonkey9
SQLStructured Query Language108
SQLite108
Squirrelfish10
Static Scope
150
Q
QtScript9
R
Rails83
Real-time Web Web2
REPLRead-eval-print loop25
Request Body
72
Request Header
72
request.abort76
request.pause77
request.resume77
request.setEncoding77
request.setNoDelay76
request.setSocketKeepAlive76
request.setTimeout76
require35
response.end74
response.write74
response.writeHead74
RESTRepresentational State Transfer
stderr60
stdout
60
Synchronous I/O I/O4~529~31
T
Table108
Rhino11
Template Engine97
TraceMonkey10
Transaction
107
Twitter Bootstrap104
U
Unique Key108
url.parse73
util.debug()63
util.format()63
util.inherits()61
util.inspect()62
util.isArray()63
util.isDate()63
util.isError()63
util.isRegExp()63
RingoJS11
V83
Row
108
View Helper
100
gemRuby gems42
Telnet110
94
Revers Proxy
143
Virtual Host
143
10
178
Foreign Key108
W3CWorld Wide Web Consortium

9
WebReal-time Web2
Field108
WebKit10
Object Relation Model ORM83
WMLScript9
I/OAsynchronous I/O4~529~31
Unique Key108
X
XSLTExtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations
97
Symbols
Once And Only Once121
Consistency108
World Wide Web ConsortiumW3C9
Context Object156
Middleware97
Primary Key108
Event2931
Event Loop29
Transaction
107
Session
110
Global Scope150
Global Object58150
Global Mode42
Global Link43
108
148
Load Caching134
134
Sequence of Loading
Package38~39
Prototype161
Prototype Chain162
Atomicity108
Durability108
console60~61
File Descriptor67
File Modules132
Document108
DOM3
error log138~140
Local Mode42
stdout
60
stderr60
Core Modules132
Module
35
MVC80
Template Engine97
Shallow Clone164
BOM3
Deep Clone164
141
Index
108
Virtual Host143
Row
108
Table108
Representational State Transfer REST

94
View Helper100
access log83
Lexical Scope150
Request Body72
Request Header72
Read-eval-print loopREPL25
Reverse Proxy143
block
2931
XSLTExtensible Stylesheet
I/OBlocking I/O29
Language Transformations97
Isolation108
I/OSynchronous I/O4~529~31
Static Scope150
Call Back Function

3134
I/ONon-blocking I/O
29

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Node.js Node.

Node.js Node.js Web /

Web PHPASP.netRuby on RailsDjango

Node.js API http://nodejs.org/api/

1.5 JavaScript ............................................. 6

Java Javascript ............................. 7

1.6 CommonJS .................................................. 10

Linux Node.js ......... 16

2.4 Node .................................. 18

4.2 util .......................................... 61

Node.js Web ......... 79

5.5.4 Bootstrap .............................. 104

5.7.4 .............................................. 127

6 Node.js ............................ 131

6.2 ...................................................... 135

6.3.2 cluster ..................... 140

A JavaScript ................... 147

Node.js Node JavaScript

Node.js Ryan Dahl Joyent Joyent

node package managernpm

Node.js JavaScript CakePHPDjangoRailsNode.js

DOMBOM Mozilla JavaScript

Node.js JavaScript Core JavaScript ECMAScript

JavaScript CommonJS CommonJS

CommonJS Node.js CommonJS

Node.js JavaScript V8 Google Chrome V8

JavaScript Node.js Node.js

HTTP HTTP CGI PHP

I/O Node.js I/O

res = db.query('SELECT * from some_table');

V8 JavaScript libev libeio I/O

POSIXPortable Operating System Interface API POSIX

IOCPInput/Output Completion Port

1.4.2 Node.js PHP + Nginx

1.5.1 Netscape LiveScript

JavaScript 1995 Node.js JavaScript

ScriptEase Brendan Eich

LiveWire LiveWire LiveScript

1.5.2 Java Javascript

Sun LiveScript Navigator 2.0 LiveScript

Brendan Eich JavaScript

Windows 95 Internet Explorer 3

ECMAScript 52012 ECMAScript 3 Chrome

Firefox 3.5 TraceMonkey4.0 JaegerMonkeyGoogle Chrome

ActionScript Adobe Flash Adobe

2008 Mozilla Firefox Firefox 3.0 JavaScript

WebKit Safari KHTML KJS WebKit

CouchDBMongoDB JavaScript JSON

C++ CommonJS API

Node.js CommonJS CommonJS Modules/1.0

Node.js POSIX GNU/LinuxMac OS X

Solaris Node.js Windows cygwin 0.6

2.2.1 Microsoft WindowsNode.js

Node.js C:\Program Files\nodejs

Node.js npm 2-2

2.2.2 Linux Node.js

apt-get install nodejs

yum install nodejs

zypper install nodejs

2.2.3 Mac OS XNode.js

Node.js npm /usr/local/bin

node Node.js -bash:

Python 2.5 Python 3

Linux g++ Node.js Debian/Ubuntu

Node.js开发指南中文正版

Node.js开发指南中文正版