Write your name here Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number Advanced Level Chemistry niazisaheb ra6@ gmail. Com eae. Muhammad Zte-vl-4 Advanced Subsidiary chemits ten, Alanis Eng be Unit 1: The Core Principles of Chemistry 4./%5\-.., One Paper Reference WCH01/01 Wednesday 11 January 2017 - Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes ‘Candidates may use a calculator. Total Marks wpo49441861 Instructions * © Use black ink or black ball-point pen. © Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. © Answer all questions. ‘© Answer the questions in the spaces provided ~ there may be more space than you need. Information © The total mark for this paper is 80. © The marks for each question are shown in brackets = use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. © Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed = you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. © A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper. Advice © Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. ad © Keep an eye on the time. 4 © Try to answer every question. © Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over ® “ Pees 8 TAO Te Pearson , +. 7[ SECTION A. ‘Answer ALL the questions in this section. You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section. For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box i. Hf you change your mind, put a line through the box 5% and then mark your new answer with across Xl. 1 The Avogadro constant is equal to the number of _A atoms in one mole of any element. 5% B_ atoms in one mole of any monatomic element. 1 © atomsin one mole of any compound. 1D ions in one mole of an ionic compound. (Total for Question 1 = 1 mark) 2 When ethane reacts with chlorine, a mixture of products forms. Which product is'the best evidence for a free radical mechanism? Oa Ha . BB GHo Oe GHC OD CHCL ‘Lmark) A E-3-methylpent-2-ene B_ £-3-methylpent-3-ene Z-3-methylpent-2-ene D_ Z3-methylpent-3-ene (Total for Question 3 1 mark) Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. 3°67 4 8 0A NN VaUY SIHLNI SLIM LON 0G ‘VIN SINLNI ILM LONG. WS SIH‘DO.NOTWRITEIN THIS AREA DONOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 4 How many straight chain isomers have the molecular formula C,H,CI? RA 3 Oe4 Ges Hoe (Total for Question 4 = 1 mark) 5 100 cm? of methane, CH, is completely burned in 400 cm? of oxygen. What is the final volume of the gas mixture, in cm?, when all volumes are measured at fom temperature and pressure? DA 100 OB 200 BC 300 OD 400 (Total for Question 5 = 1 mark) 6 In the United Kingdom, the limit for gaseous hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust gases is 200 ppm. What is the maximum volume of gaseous hydrocarbons allowed in 10 mol of exhaust gases, at room temperature and pressure? [Molar volume = 24 dm? mol") ey 208 ee? ‘ OA 24cm? ates Pov enm RIB 48cm? de De 96cm “dt ao a HD 480cm+ - woes (Total for Question 6 = 1 mark) Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space ill gain no credit. N/M hbrapprapen AL ekortpuper o née v 9 Coe oye wer > P4e367A03 2 4 Teno7 Which of these statements is the best evidence for the existence of ions in sodium chloride? Ga OB oc up Solid sodium chloride conducts electricity. When an electric current is passed through a solution of sodium chloride, the movement of the coloured ions is observed. Sodium chloride crystals have a regular shape. There is good agreement between theoretical and experimental lattice energies for sodium chloride. 8 Which ion has the smallest ionic radius? Ga Bes oe Oo ce Ca 9 Which quantity is exothermic? Oa oes Bec Oo Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will Enthalpy change of atomisation of sulfur. First ionisation energy of sulfur. First electron affinity of sulfur. Second electron affinity of sulfur. (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) (Total for Question 1 mark) (Total for Question ‘Tmark) no credit. Pa eo 2 8 PF RO 8 ee WAY SILL NEGLI LONG. i Ni ALM LON OQ. z a = 3 B S& 10 Which diagram best represents the electron densities in lithium iodide? * fe 4 - Zz a z — = 5 2 8 — > - (Total for Question 10 = 1 mark) 2 11 Which equation represents the lattice energy of magnesium nitride, Mg,N,2 : 2 CLA 3Mg(s) +N)" > Mg,NACs) —_ 2 | CB 3Mala) +2No) > MasNuts) : —_ a CC 3Mg*(g) + 2N*(g) > Mg,N.(g) _= & BBD 3Mg#(q) + 2N*(g) > Mg,Na(s) = 8 : (Total for Question 11 = 1 mark) 12 In which pair are the ions isoelectronic? DA Litando* : — 1B Natand ct- — 5 1 € Mg and s* _ 2 & D Avrand FE — 2 (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark) T [ Use this space for any rough working, Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. 5 a. 9 008 fever»Wau SIKL Ni SLM LON 0a —— 13 The following statements give information about the thermodynamic stability of magnesium chlorides. '® MgCLis stable with respect to chlorine and magnesium. ‘® MgClis unstable with respect to MgCl, and Mg. ® MgCl.is unstable with respect to chlorine and magnesium. Which signs of the standard enthalpy changes of formation of MgCl and MgCl, are correct? AHP [MgCl(s)]_ | AHF? IMgCl(s)1 oA negative negative os positive negative cl) negative positive Oo positive positive we ‘ (Total for Question 13 = 1 mark) 14 In the electrolysis of copperttl) chromate(V!) solution, the colour that develops around the positive electrode (anode) is. CA orange. B yellow. O © green. O D blue. = (Total for Question 14 = 1 mark) 15 When 10 cm? of a nitric acid solution reacts with 20 cm? of a sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature rise is AT. Repeating the reaction with 15 cm? of the same nitric acid solution and 30 cm* of the same sodium hydroxide solution would give a temperature rise of OA osAT 0 B 0674T © aT = OD 154T : - 7 (Total for Question 15 = 1 mark) _ es 6 ee Ae [ ge 4DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA ~ DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA‘ 20 NOT WRITEIN THISAREA ~— 16 How many moles of ions are present in 30 cm’ of 0.025 mol dm” barium hydroxide solution, Ba(OH),(aq)? OA 0.00075 46 1B 0.00150 0.00225 OD 0.00450 (Total for Question 16 mark) 17 When 1.270 g of copper (A,= 63.5) is added to excess silver nitrate solution, 4.316 g of silver (A, = 107.9) forms. The ionic equation for the reaction is: A Culs) +2Ag*{aq) > Cu*(aq) + 2Ag(s) CB 2Cu(s) + Ag**(aq) > 2Cut(aq) + Ag(s) ’ . OC Culs) +Ag?(aq) > Cur{aq) + Agts) [1D Culs) +Agiaq) + Cur(aq) + Agls) (Total for Question 17 mark) 18 The process with the highest atom economy is the production of A. propene by cracking eicosane, CsHis CB 1-chloropropane from propane and chlorine. TC cyclohexene by reforming hexane. ®& D_poly(propene) by polymerising propene. (Total for Question 18 = 1 mark) Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. 7 Turn over > e836 7A0T 2 4 P LLL iL19 Which hazard symbol must be displayed on a bottle containing hexane? “® -& > (Total for Question 19 = 1 mark) @ A OH OB OW GO ¢ On, OD on (Total for Question 20 = 1 mark) TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS Pp 367 A 0 8 2SECTION B 4 Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Hy 21 This question is about cyclohexene which can be used to show the reactions of the alkenes i Cyclohexene iW Data: Boiling temperature = 83°C Density = 0.81 g cm | (@) (i) 1.¢m® of bromine water is shaken with 2 cm? of cyclohexene in a test tube E and the mixture allowed to stand. 4 Describe what you would see before and after shaking. . (3) ” . fore... Cheden' fhe bremae, elon (Oran lecdey wontd he i By . (orange) legen HA peter oihote. a a a a . ba denny oy Gy obensne..hi. lemee....thtia.. 4 peste $yens i, Ap ruining feo (egpees, he Seep Leltrn gots u Coferleas. A. awely Alder Bom: . (i) Draw the skeletal formula of the major organic product of this reaction. . a i br — {N00 001 0 0 0 eeee & —_ (b) Draw the skeletal formula and give the name of the organic product formed when cyclohexene reacts with potassium manganate(VIl) mixed with dilute sulfuric acid. $ (2) x 3 Skeletal formula = rs H o oH & é Name... Cyclohena.n= landio! “S| (© Suggest the skeletal formula of the polymer that would be formed if cyclohexene = polymerised. Show two repeat units. wy (2) = | se 5 z el ov ge (Total for Question 21=8 marks) Turn over > Pees eT AO TT 24 " _o— 22 This question is about a preparation of hydrated zinc sulfate crystals. bl ‘An excess of powdered zinc is added to 20 cm? of 1.00 mol dm” sulfuric acid. (2) (i) State two observations you would make during this reaction, : (2) Rn Sel, in. Meth... :Adcagppeare ov... Aetcaliet.. Penna bb les Sh Hy eegen 98... Pre / Etazieg: - (li) Write the ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols. ‘ (2) Eng 4 AM ——> Ets + Mey “(b) When the reaction is complete, a solution of zinc sulfate is formed, Some unreacted zinc is left. Describe how pure dry crystals of hydrated zinc sulfate may be obtained from this mixture. (4) RN ht REL. AP Etta. by. 0 Ube, G ond 22. g8b. Zn Sey Aebeteen Co Tengen 2084 Selatan te Ov: oredauna....... lathe, $ : apeiceiang wt Heit Steg A evaporate onengl bmn to Gt, hab borates, Ai battoo tel gerceineten, want). _Seel he het Satur ahed Ag betene , EDs. Sopetee fie gemed at Me bation the beat Fie ont Me End Sry stele, ceak ast ace Bee a be call Oy. 2804 Cra stae bles Me GELB ae.© DO NOTWRITEINTHIS'AREA” ~~ (©) (The formula of the hydrated zinc sulfate crystals is ZnSO,.7H.0. Calculate the molar mass of ZnSO,.7H,0. (1) 65.4st 32-1464 + 7012) = 287-5 9 mol! (ii) Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid in 20.0 cm? of a 1.0 mol dm solution. a he ¢ x V s | « & ~ 100 ~ = 0-02 melee (iii) 4.00 g of hydrated zinc sulfate crystals form. Calculate the percentage yield of hydrated zinc sulfate. Give your answer to two significant figures. (2) mraln © ZnSdq. Zemed = 6.62 males Men. Cotesesteeal Heetia = G-0r¥ 297-5 = S789 Actuel 2 tov Thevretetel yoke = 4-08 y 100 5.75 fl 69-S65% a ~ a ~~ ae (Total for Question 22 = 12 marks) B N00 000 00 Foren —(ii) Calculate the number of moles of propane in 80 kg. Eeleeny —. $Gigsie8. wml 44 (iii) The standard enthalpy change of combustion of propane, AH = -2220 kJ mol". Calculate the heat energy, in joules, given out when 80 kg of propane burns completely. a) Heat enegy iries , CD + 2a2z0xl? =, | ae TA isigw ae 4036363636 T (iv) The burners have a maximum power rating of 4800W. (1 W=1Js") Calculate the maximum time, in hours, that the balloon's fuel would last if the bumers are used continuously on full power with 80 kg of fuel. a) hgoow = __403636a6%6 "| Eines) Tre ¢ 4036363636 (s 4800 u 840969. 09 Second, ov 233 -5¢5 brs Q 3 {ND 0 0 ra oe(¥) A student suggests that butane would be a better fuel for hot air balloons than propane because it has a more negative enthalpy change of combustion, AHeigg = ~2880 KJ mol". Suggest two reasons why butane is not a better fuel than propane for hot air balloons. @) Reason one.......... Butane... Age gresbee....ansily.....lhae Prien. fo besesee 5 Aeavier Han Psp. Reason two, Creopare.. . di tay be fe Ned. 14 Fok, lM ree AB ne ANSE 2 Pua LEE... Ob ee, Ms, Temdily. Cscaalabl LA... LAE, Precticet] butane LW het Prat. Comma, 16 P4e36 7A 0162 4(©) The standard enthalpy changes of atomisation of propane and butane can be calculated. The calculation requires their standard enthalpy changes of formation and the standard enthalpy changes of atomisation of carbon and hydrogen. (Complete the Hess cycle for the calculation of the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of propane. =1045 a 3C(s, graphite) + 4Hs(g) > GHu(g) . (22718-I) /? + (/@ +218) BH.0g)+ 2 tgs i : 5 § 2 8 (ii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of propane, AH saselCsHa(9)] Use the data below. AM oalCsH,(g)] = -104.5 kJ mol"! AH x oeelY2H; (g)] = +218 kJ mot! ~ AHSa(C(s, graphite] = +7167 kJ mol" (3) 104.5 Cater) up [¢sH61 9 3 Caw + Ae . AN TG he (QxMé) Aide (cud x2 (ise | 3844) Geesgl - 144) % ax2igy Atet [in )x8 IC q+ Stay 3894.1 = 1045 4+ % t= ZBI) + 104.5 BEL Che) = 3998-6 Kamel” 7 36 7 A041 7 24 pooeoves _—(il) The standard enthalpy change of atomisation of butane can be calculated using the same method as for propane. This value, together with the catbon-hydrogen bond energy, can be used to calculate the carbon-carbon bond eneray AA 2s0lCabho(g)] = +5173.3 kJ mol". E(C-H) = +412.3 mol" Calculate the carbon-carbon bond energy. 4 h fot of h#—-C—cCc —c —c-h A ' I! kK hk to eC cmH) = 4)a3 Kgmel"! a fen Ejte 45173-3 — 4183 3( et) = loses Kym” Hence E — 1050-3 _ : ” Ec = 40593 = + 350-1 Krme (iv) Suggest why your answer differs from the mean bond energy for the carbon-carbon bond given in data books. a) Theos im, tad... Sealbndapy, US Cah eudiabed GA. fhe. Atecese...erscgy... Pp niced. Re Sreem.. Ceclbon— Center bend...La. Boennlrt lich Tage. Fo Songecvecralt.n — (Total for Question 23 ='19 marks) P4836 7A 014 au SIHLNI SLIM LON Od24 This question is about the alkali metal potassium and the salt potassium chloride. (a) () A sample of potassium is known to consist of isotopes with mass numbers 39 and 41. For each isotope, complete the table below to show the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons. (2) 39 20 tq a | iq aa IF (ii) Explain the meaning of the term isotope, using the information from the table in (ayf. * 2 tems 9 tes Serta. element: Keewng “ates on 22H an tet hnn bot... Aaggenneth..Merrlee a wo _ (ii) The relative atomic mass of this sample of potassium is 39.1. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope. ‘ (2) h KN xy Keg % g= @-») 39 x2) +4 (hi ( we-x%)J = 39-1 vars pITo Joo “= He 34% + Hloo- 4l® - 3g, eee 18% joo y eek 39% 44100 4x = 23910 7 eit asu Ax thie = 3900 KY 5% 22 = Bjo-4loo 19 000000 00 0 00 0 Turnover » P48 3 6 AO 19 24 inal Sa to(b) The chart below shows the successive ionisation energies of potassium. 60 55 i 50 log (IE KI mot) 20 45 40 35 az 320 - / - 25 Successive ionisation energies of potassium Z= 19 | {3 | 12.3.4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 lonisation number ‘ (i) Estimate the 1st ionisation energy and the 19th ionisation energy of potassium. Use data from the graph and your calculator. (1) a6 Deg k . he ae Shy bg 2-62 4348.107 kane” Ia 1E- Qke leg SF Shye “gs-7 = + 501197.234 Kgmel (i) Explain why the logarithm of the ionisation energy is used in plotting this graph rather than the ionisation energy. a As, logeelin 02 LB. Metwes Ane, Simed) Numbers G6 phan. Can..._bee Pla teed bln shi... SE Bas nl hin C8. Meg large Nerv bers.2..... Seba... Chait. 20 be Choten ada ? P4836 78020(ii) Write the equation for the first ionisation energy of potassium. Kg —> Kay + 12° *(iv) Explain why there is a general rise in the value of the successive ionisation energies. DO NOT WRITE INTHIS AREA - (2) Genarelly lee Seecetsive Yoav sebeen.. Lng 4. Veloce... Berea. 04... ae °fpectene... rbelegs,. Shaggs....J8 crehae, C pratrnranteee. they. inchenges tities theabon..gel Se) Mere. Nuwehran..,.ehbrecte he Lemecning Rees ran bee. yo ecthrtnan..ee: Jerepotye bane. rad ted Aeceacestata etl Hh Met het call wer MTT A el [Ke Nuctens wires mee Cregy to remove its *w) Esplon each of he tes sharpie in the graph. 4 S You should include details of the subshell from which the electron is removed at each sharp rise. (3) K 1s2,astapé 25% aps ge! 8) 3 IE shesh change + bis 15 and 2 TE the 24 Bletbgn Aas ve be last frre Bp Fea hath ishtide Li late be MM eaten AiG M8. Bet hctrey i Shsctatng Spt... Aeigeare _Sygnapecendye Retrred Nth Gay Org rGuaeion 204. Shave. Chen ples IF BVA lOO EL rernnn ‘ages Is is Qh ehtren from 35 ebihets , Mer (IB RE be Reape POR RB LG ME ON OE (Oe Mb ae Ral nn Paces shielding Hoe lenec.ebo| 374. Sharh, haope. bea ITR ang sek LE ff A Teh er, ag te be remond Boy i Subse achrck feo he Stele from Ms Rutius Meg ues mere nergy? te Kemet at e- 2 P4836 7 A021 24 Turnover > —(©) (l) Draw a dot and cross diagram for potassium chloride. ‘Only show the electrons in the outer shell of both ions. (2) I+ fim (i) Compare the electrical conductivity of potassium metal and potassium chloride. (2) ee Latecsslrn motel Conducts ebeebacet current 18 Ma Aeled tate dnd nen Canttucts 8... UBB». rae(bn. Jovi... 2p Palestine. Chl the ou LOE. Bh OA CE Ae. Lettre. Vy Me aynd Sate ( @ Me Cons are owed) bohyler Camelurks “Ts Wie Tein tale (0H Feng tare Gree to Msve!) (iii) Describe two similarities in the structure and bonding of potassium metal and potassium chloride. (2) sp Bith — Potattive end Platsium Chirtde Kar. 6. pt ie. he perhetey 1 i RepAsituw Gad key Ryle by throng etevtresente Jrrce bls HVE Gael ve Chery (9) Give one dference between the strcaifes of potassium metal and potassium chloride. a KK mead hae. inact. itp. thcoll ai Sureunded by deeeas <1 Mallet & dulile DRE CaF ae bade, Oh Cates Shep ye OP (Total for Question 24 = 21 marks) Copia, heh eee ben 22 WaUY SIME NI 3L1ui