Problem 11910

(American Mathematical Monthly, Vol.123, May 2016)

Proposed by C. I. V
alean (Romania).
Let Fk be the k-th Fibonacci number. Find


X
1
1
1
1
arctan
.
+ arctan
+ arctan
arctan
F4n3
F4n2
F4n1
F4n
n=1
Solution proposed by Roberto Tauraso, Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit`a di Roma Tor
Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy.

Let = ( 5 + 1)/2, then for n > 0,

arctan((2n+1) ) + arctan((2n1) ) = arctan
= arctan


 1

+
(2n+1) + (2n1)
=
arctan
1 4n
2n 2n
!

1
5
= arctan
.
2n
2n

F2n

Moreover, for n > 1,

1
1
F2n
+ F2n1

1
1
+ arctan
= arctan
arctan
F2n
F2n1

Hence
N 
X
arctan
n=1

F2n + F2n1
F2n F2n1 1

= arctan
1 1
1 F2n
F2n1


F2n+1
1
= arctan
= arctan
.
F2n F2n1 1
F2n2

1
F4n2

1
arctan
F4n

2N
X

(1)n+1 arctan

n=1

2N
X

1
F2n



(1)n+1 arctan((2n+1) ) + arctan((2n1) )

n=1

2N
+1
X

(1)n arctan((2n1) ) +

n=2

2N
X

(1)n+1 arctan((2n1) )

n=1

= arctan(1 ) arctan((4N +1) )

= arctan() arctan((4N +1) )

2
and
N 
X
arctan

n=1

1
F4n3

+ arctan

1
F4n1

2N
X

1
F
2n1
n=1

2N 
X
1
1
1
arctan
= arctan
+
arctan
F1 n=2
F2n2
F2n
=

arctan

= arctan

1
1
1

1
+ arctan
arctan
= arctan
.
F1
F2
F4N
2
F4N

Finally, it follows that



X
1
1
1
1
arctan
= arctan().
+ arctan
+ arctan
arctan
F4n3
F4n2
F4n1
F4n
n=1