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S&TIS/11601
PAGE
2.0
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.0.1
2.0.2
2.0.3
2.0.4
2.0.5
Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Team ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Timing ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Documentation .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Method .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
TABLE
2.1
FIGURES
2.1
HAZARD STUDY 2 - METHOD .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2
HAZARD STUDY 2 - EVENT GUIDE DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................... 7
2.3
HAZARD STUDY 2 - CONSEQUENCE GUIDE DIAGRAM .................................................................................... 8
2.4
HAZARD STUDY 2 - MECHANICAL PLANT ITEMS GUIDE DIAGRAM......................................................... 10
2.5
HAZARD STUDY 2 - PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS GUIDE DIAGRAM ......................... 12
2.0
INTRODUCTION
2.0.1
Purpose
The purpose of Hazard Study 2 is to identify significant hazards and ensure that there are appropriate
measures to eliminate the risk or reduce the risk to tolerable levels.
In new plants or installations or in modifications, identification of the hazards provides the opportunity for
redesign to eliminate or significantly reduce the risk (see Process SHE Guide 16). Where the risk can
not be reduced to tolerable levels by practicable redesign, protective measures may need to be
incorporated to meet the relevant criteria. The study should help produce the majority of the
information and assessments needed to meet the requirements of the regulatory authorities on safety,
health and environmental protection.
Key aspects include:
(a)
Consideration of any impact (safety, health or environmental), which the project may have
either on-site or off-site.
(b)
Identification of significant hazardous events with special attention being paid to loss of
containment which could lead to toxic, flammable, biological or explosive hazards to
employees or the public, or to environmental pollution.
(c)
Identification of those changes to process conditions which could lead to the consent levels for
gaseous, liquid or solid effluents being exceeded.
(d)
A review of the measures proposed to prevent employees being exposed to either chronic or
acute health hazards.
(e)
Production of information which can be used in other SHE related studies and design
procedures, e.g. Trips and Alarms, Pressure relief, etc.
At the end of Hazard Study 2, all project information necessary for the completion of the Environmental
Impact Assessment should have been assembled
Where the project could create significant off-site risk, a Quantified Risk Assessment (defined in the
General Introduction to this Guide) should have been completed. Any other Hazard Analysis affecting
SHE should also have been carried out.
When applied to existing plants or installations, Hazard Study 2 has the similar objectives of identifying
significant hazards, their possible causes and protective measures to meet relevant criteria. The
objective of the study is usually to identify aspects of existing hardware and operations which do not
comply with modern standards or criteria. Critical features of the hardware, procedures and
instructions will be identified.
2.0.2
Team
The team composition should be agreed between the Hazard Study Leader and the Project Manager.
The normal composition of the team is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Timing
The study of process and non-process activities can be started as soon as a description of the process
and the process flowsheet or flow diagram, or the building layout and services distribution, are
available. For Hazard Study 2 of the process, it may be helpful to have a draft relief philosophy.
For the study of Programmable Electronic Systems, the Hazard Study 2 meetings should be complete
to the extent that all significant hazards have been identified on all parts of the project where the PES
system is applicable. The project should have reached the stage where the Project Definition (see
PP.13) is complete, the User Requirement Specification (URS) is complete and the Distributed Control
System (DCS) supplier has been chosen and has provided an outline design of the DCS system.
Completion of Hazard Study 2 helps in the production of a sanction estimate for the project.
2.0.4
Documentation
The Study is generally recorded on standard STD/F/01013.
CONTENTS
2.0
GENERAL INFORMATION
This section should contain or refer to the Project Specification, the flowsheet and other
documentation which was studied, and essential correspondence and information relating
to Hazard Study 2.
2.1
HAZARD SUMMARY
This section should contain the Hazard Study 2 Summary (STD/F/01014). The Hazard
Study 2 forms can be included here or in an appendix.
2.2
2.3
2.4
RISK APPRAISALS
This section should contain any quantified assessments of risks to people or the
environment. It may also cover layout and spacing considerations as developed during
Hazard Study 2; also any special building design requirements or area classification
requirements. Consequence analyses such as overpressure circles or thermal radiation
may also be included
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
RELIEF PHILOSOPHY
Special major hazard aspects which dictate philosophy of the relief systems review should
be included in this report.
2.9
SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
Overview of requirements including safe shutdown in an emergency, and list of services,
dependencies, and design specifications.
2.10
2.1
Method
(a)
(b)
Ensure that preparation of the final Environmental Impact Assessment and Occupational
Health Statement is being completed.
(c)
Review progress on any other safety, health, environment or quality related studies, such as
those agreed at Hazard Study 1, which may have an effect on the Hazard Study 2.
(d)
Clarify key principles of operation, which will assist in carrying out Hazard Study 2 and which
should be included in the Project Specification.
(e)
Study process and/or non-process activities, as appropriate, as described in 2.1 and 2.2,
followed by study of Programmable Electronic Systems (PES) as described in 2.3.
(f)
(g)
(h)
After completing the Hazard Study 2, the basis for safe operation can be defined and the
summary of the hazards can be prepared as described in 2.4.
(j)
The study should confirm that a list of critical machine systems is being prepared and that any
relevant data from Hazard Study 2 is made available for this.
S&TIS/11601
S&TIS/11601
2.2
(b)
(c)
Pressure regimes.
(d)
2.3
Are there any potential failures of the PES which increase the likelihood of a particular
hazardous event?
(b)
Are there any potential failures of the PES which affect the protection against hazardous
events?
(c)
Are there any potential failures which could produce a new hazard scenario, or a new or more
serious combination of events?
A list provided by the PES supplier of potential system faults, system alarms and the actions
that need to be taken.
(2)
The Hazard Study 2 Programmable Electronic Systems Guide Diagram (see Figure 2.5).
(3)
Any concerns should be recorded on the Hazard Study 2 form (STD/F/01013) and the PES Form
(STD/F/01012), or in the minutes of the meeting.
Guidewords
Prompts
Loss of Operator
Interface
Interface equipment
failure
Operator response
failure
Loss of System
Interface
Data transmission
failure
Loss of Critical
Functions
Controller
subsystems,
Input/Output failure
Loss of non
Critical Functions
Printers, loggers,
history modules,
remote access, MBPC
Remote access
Ergonomics
Maintenance
Loop maintenance
System alarms
Input/Output card
maintenance
Suppliers
maintenance under
contract
2.4
Layout/separation distances.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Correct operator interaction (i.e., knowing when and how to shutdown safely).
(j)
(k)
(l)
Fire compartmentation.
(m)
Means of escape.
(n)
Process isolation.
(2)
(3)
(4)
Fire Reviews.
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Biological hazard classification (leads to definition of containment principles for materials with
biological hazard).
2.5
(2)
(b)
Quantification of risk should have been carried out, where required to demonstrate that the
design meets the criteria set during Hazard Study 1
(c)
Some new Hazard Study work is often necessary if significant changes to the design or
operation are involved in the proposed solutions.
The Review should confirm that the final Environmental Impact Assessment and Occupational Health
Statement have been completed.
A review should be carried out of progress on additional safety, health, environmental or quality related
studies, such as those called for in Hazard Study 1.
It is normally a function of the Project Manager (or nominated deputy) to notify the Hazard Study
Leader of any changes in the design or operation which have been made subsequent to the Hazard
Study. They can then decide whether it is necessary to hold a further Hazard Study meeting to consider
the changes.