2.

1: INTRODUCTION
2.2: MODELLING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1. Consider a system represented by the differential equation, where

c (t ) the output.

denotes the input and

r (t)

d c (t )
d c (t ) dc (t )
d r (t ) dr (t )
+4
+2
+c ( t )=
+2
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

Ans:
3
2
2
s c ( s ) + 4 s c ( s ) +2 sc ( s ) +c ( s )=s R ( s ) +2 sR ( s )

c ( s ) [ s3 + 4 s 2 +2 s+1 ]=R(s) [ s2 +2 s ]
2
C (s)
s +2s
=
R (s ) s3 + 4 s2 +2 s +1

2. Find the transfer function

G ( s )=

C (s)
R (s)

for the differential equation below.

d 4 c(t )
d 3 c(t )
d 2 c(t )
dc(t )
d 2 r (t )
dr (t )

c
(
t
)

4
3
2 r (t )
4
3
2
2
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

Ans:

C (s)
4 s 2 +3 s+ 2
=
R ( s ) 5 s4 + 4 s3 +3 s2 +2 s +1

3. A system is described by the following differential equation:

3

d y (t )
d y (t ) dy (t )
d x (t) dx (t )
+4
+2
+ y (t )=
+2
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

Find the expression for the transfer function of the system

Y (s)/ X (s)

Ans:
Y (s)
s 2+2 s
=
X (s) s3 + 4 s 2 +2 s+ 1

4. For the following transfer functions:

C (s)
7 s +3
= 4
R (s ) 2 s +5 s+6

Write the corresponding differential equation.

Ans:
c ( s ) [ 2 s 4 +5 s+6 ] =R( s) [ 7 s+3 ]
2 s 4 c ( s ) +5 sc ( s ) +6 c ( s )=7 sR(s)+3 R( s)
4

d c (t ) dc( t)
7 dr (t )
+5
+6 c ( t )=
+ 3 r (t)
4
dt
d (t )
dt

5. For the following transfer functions:

C ( s)
2 s+5
= 3
R (s ) 4 s +3 s +4
Write the corresponding differential equation.
3
d c (t) dc (t)
2 dr ( t )
4
+3
+4 c ( t )=
+ 5r (t )
3
dt
d (t )
dt

6.

Figure 1: Electrical System

Find the transfer function

V R ( s)
V ( s)

for the electrical system in Figure 1.

Ans:

Using voltage divider rule

V R 1=

R1
Vs
R1 +R2 + R3

Apply to this circuit by identifying the output voltage. The output voltage is
located at resistor 5, so the equation will become:
V R ( s) =

V R ( s) =

R
1
Ls+ R +
Cs
5
1
s+5+
2s

V (s )

V ( s )

The question is to determine the transfer function,

V R (s )
=
V (s)

V R (s )
V ( s)

, therefore

5
s+5+

1
2s

Simplify the equation by eliminating 2s. Do this by multiplying both numerator

and denominator with 2s.

V R (s )
=
V (s)

5
s+5+

1
2s

2s
2s

V R (s )
10 s
= 2
V (s) 2 s +10 s +1

7. Refer to Figure 2, find the transfer function,

G ( s )=V R (s )/V s (s ).

Figure 2: Electrical System

Ans
V R (s )
3
=
V ( s ) 2 s+3
8.

Figure 3
Refer to Figure 3,

a. Determine the transfer function

V O (s)/V ( s)

V o ( s)
2 s2
= 2
V ( s ) 2 s +2 s+3

b. Calculate the transfer function

V R (s)/V ( s)

V R (s )
2
= 2
V (s) 2 s +2 s +3

c. Find the transfer function

V C (s)/ V (s)

V C ( s)
3
=
V (s) 2 s2 +2 s +3

9.

Figure 4
Refer to Figure 4,

a. Find the transfer function

V R (s)/V ( s)

V R ( s)
2s
= 2
V (s) 2 s +2 s +4

b. Draw the block diagram for the transfer function,

V (s)

2s
2 s +2 s +4
2

V R (s)/V ( s)

V R (s)