Jeloou 2º de Bachillerato PDF

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato
Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras
Jeloou
2 de Bachillerato
Unit 1 Importance of exercise

There are many reasons why we can find it hard to start
exercising - our everyday lives require less physical
activity than in our grandparents' day, we rely on cars to
get around and spend hours sitting in front of computers.
Dr Gill Jenkins last medically reviewed this article in
December 2010.
The excuses
The pressures of home and family life can also mean it feels as if there's little time left to fit
in exercise. It's certainly tough to get started.
So, it's worth thinking about what you gain from regular exercise and making even a partial
improvement to your fitness.
Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease - in other
words, if you don't exercise you dramatically increase your risk of dying from a
heart attack
Conversely, exercise means a healthier heart because it reduces several
cardiovascular risks, including high blood pressure
Being physically active can strengthen good mental health and help you to manage
stress, anxiety and even depression
Regular exercise as you age keeps you strong, mobile and less dependent on others
Regular exercise can help you achieve and maintain an ideal weight, which can be
important in managing many health conditions, or may just make you feel happier
about your appearance
All exercise helps strengthen bones and muscles to some degree, but weightbearing exercise, such as running, is especially good in promoting bone density and
protecting against osteoporosis, which affects men as well as women
Different exercises help with all sorts of health troubles, such as digestion, poor
posture and sleeplessness, and physical activity can be beneficial for a range of
medical conditions, from diabetes to lower back pain.
Don't be a statistic
There are lots of positive reasons for getting fitter, including meeting new people,
discovering new interests and generally feeling better, but if you need to be scared into
doing more exercise, consider the following:
While in 2007, the Government-commissioned Foresight report predicted that if no
action was taken, 60 per cent of men, 50 per cent of women and 25 per cent of
children would be obese by 2050, the actual figures are rising ahead of the forecast
rate.
Between 1993 and 2008, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of
people who were obese, reaching 24 per cent of men and 25 per cent of women in
2008.
The picture is just as worrying for youngsters - obesity rates were 17 per cent in
2008 among boys, and 15 per cent in 2008 among girls. By 2010, it's predicted 22
per cent of girls and 19 per cent of boys between the ages of two and 15 will be
obese, with girls under 11 at particular risk.
Obesity is responsible for 9,000 premature deaths a year in this country, and is a
major contributory factor to heart disease.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death in the UK,
accounting for about a fifth of all deaths, according to the Office for National
Statistics.
About a third of deaths caused by CHD are among people aged under 75.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/fitness/
Exercises:
25 words or expressions you need to know:
1. exercising ______________
2. fit in ______________
3. tough ______________
4. it's worth ______________
5. improvement ______________
6. risk ______________
7. disease______________
8. high blood pressure ______________
9. anxiety ______________
10. achieve ______________
11. weight ______________
12. bones______________
13. degree ______________
14. sleeplessness ______________
15. range ______________
16. back ______________
17. obese ______________
18. actual ______________
19. figures ______________
20. forecast ______________
21. increase ______________
22. among _____________
23. both .. and. ______________
24. steadily ______________
25. give up ______________
Answer these questions
1. What are, in your opinion, the three more important excuses to do exercise?
1
3.
2. What are the positive reasons for getting fitter?
3. What do statistics show?

Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)? (Verdadero se escribe con T)
COPY the literal words from the text that justify your answer
____1. The way we live makes us do more exercise than in the old times
____2 It is very easy to start doing exercise
___ 3 Exercise helps your mental and emotional life
___ 4 In 2008, nearly one out of four people were obese
___ 5 Girls tend to be more obese than boys
Writing: Do you do any exercise? Should you change your lifestyle?
Grammar
GRAMMAR BASICS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM: have + past participle:
Ive decided, etc,
USE: The present perfect shows a relationship between past time and present time.
Oh, youve had a haircut.
Used with adverbials that show a connection between the past and the
present, e.g. so far, up to now, lately, already, yet, just and with time expressions referring
to the present e.g. this week, this year, etc.
She's already done her homework.

I've seen Jane a lot lately.
Ive read two books this week.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
USE: A To refer to an activity which has been taking place in the recent period up to
the present.
'You. look tired. What have you. been doing?'
'Ive been playing football
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple or present
perfect continuous.
Tim Bryant, a magazine journalist, is interviewing Margaret Rod well, the founder of a
successful company.
TB: So why do you think your company _____________(be) so successful?
MR: Well, our products _____________
(fill) a large gap in the market and I think one
of the most important things is that we _____________(always listen) to our clients
and _____________(act) on their comments and suggestions.
TB: And whats a typical day for you?
MR: Well, take today for example. I _____________ (interview) candidates for a
marketing executive post.
TB: And how many _____________ (you/interview)?
MR: Er, I _____________( interview) four so far. And 1 _____________ (talk) to clients on the
phone on and off all day. 1 seem to spend a lot of time on the phone. I ___________
(discuss) some new ideas with them for the transportation and delivery of our products.
TB: Mm, it sounds like a very busy day.
MR: Oh, thats only part of it. I _____________(have) two meetings, one with Union
representatives and one with departmental heads. And I _____________(also work) on a
proposal for a new marketing strategy.
TB: And it's not two oclock yet!
MR: No, but of course I _____________(be) here since seven o'clock this morning.
TB: Gosh. And, 1 hope you dont mind my mentioning this Ms Rodwell, but some rumours
_____________(circulate) about your possible engagement to Mr Grimaldi, the banker.
MR: No, there will be no engagement, though its true that Mr Grimaldi and I
_____________ (see) each other. Thats no secret.
TB: When you get the time, 1 suppose. And is it also true that you _____________
(learn) Russian with a view to introducing your products there?
MR: Yes, 1 have, but I _____________ (not learn) much yet; theres still a long way for
me to go.
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, present perfect
simple or present perfect continuous.
Jake and Michael, two friends, are talking.
J: Hello, I _____________ (not see) you for ages.
M: No. it must be about two years since we last _____________(meet). What
_____________(you/do) with yourself?
J: I _____________ (do) all sorts of things. Life _____________ (be) very busy lately. I
_____________ (start) a new job at the sailing centre.
M: Really! Doing what?
J: Well. I _____________
(teach) beginners courses to school groups this term but
when those _____________ (finish), Ill be teaching more advanced groups on holiday
courses.
M: That sounds great. What about your old job at the tourist office then?
J: Well, I _____________ (work) there for ten years and I quite _____________ (enjoy)
the job but I _____________ (want) to do something different. I ___________
(always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I _____________ (think) it would be nice to
do it for a job.
M: So how long _____________ (you/be) at the sailing centre?
J: For about two months now. Im sure I _____________ (do) the right thing. It's a really
enjoyable job. And what about you?
M: Well, Im still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I
(work) there for fifteen years now. But
I _____________
(have) a promotion so that's good. They _____________ (give) me
the job of head receptionist.
J: Oh, thats good news.
GRAMMAR BASICS
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
USE: The past perfect simple is used to refer to a past time which preceded the past
time already being referred to.
FORM: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
When I arrived at the station, the train had left
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
We use the future perfect simple (will have + past participle) to show that an action
will be completed by a certain time in the future.
I will have retired by 2020.
1. Rewrite the following passage, making all the necessary tense

changes.
Its 10 oclock at night. The offices of The Daily News' are buzzing with excitement. The
deadline for the paper is in half an hour and they are frantically trying to finish the front
page. Everyone has been working all evening without a break. Some of the journalists have
been at the office since early morning. They have all been trying to get an exclusive story,
to find out something that no other journalist has discovered. The main story is a big one.
The Prime Minister has resigned. Everyone knows that his government has had lots of
problems in the last year but his resignation is nonetheless a big surprise. Rumours have
been going round all day about the real reasons for the announcement. Some say dial he
has been involved in some financial scandal. Others say that he has been seeing another
woman. All the papers have been working all day to get the best story. And theyve been
doing their best to find out what the other papers have said. The whole day has been very
tense. Suddenly the editor asks everyone to be quiet. There is a telephone call from the
Prime Ministers office.
Example: It was 10 o'clock at night. The offices of The Daily News were
buzzing with excitement.
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.

1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam.
2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
3. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.
4. By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.
5. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).
6. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
7. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.
8. When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world.
9. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.
10. By this time next year I (save) J250.
11. By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten.
12. The train (leave) before we reach the station.
13. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.
14. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.
15. By the end of this week my illness (cost) me J100.
16. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) J25,000 on his education.
17. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.
18. When you come back I (finish) all the housework.
19. The police (hear) of the theft by this time.
20. We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year.
21. On the fourth of next month he (be) in prison for ten years.
22. When we reach Crewe we (do) half of the journey.
23. At this rate you (break) all the wine glasses by the end of the month.
24. If we don't hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top.
25. By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.
26. By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition.
27. By next April I (pay) 13,000 in income tax.

28. On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years.
29. After this performance I (see) Hamlet twenty-two times.
30. The strike leader said, 'By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike.'
CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND RESULT:

o
o
o
o
o
Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence):

Because , as, since
Therefore , as a result, consequently, thats why,
for this reason, so
So + adjective or adverb + that
Such (a) + (adjective)+ noun + that
Connectors followed by a noun sentence, a noun or a gerund:
Because of, on account of, owing to, due to, as a result of
Now do this exercise:

1.
Doctors believe some bacteria are more resistant nowadays ______________ the
misuse of antibiotics.
2.
______________ you have no more money to spend, you will have to stop buying
useless things.
3.
4.
5.
Hes embarrassed about being bald ______________ he always wears a wig.

I knew I couldnt win. ______________, I didnt play the match and I decided to do
more practice to improve my performance for the next competition.
______________ the traffic jams I arrive late for work every day.
6.
She was ______________

party.
annoying woman that no one wanted to invite her to a
7.
The students were angry ______________ the teacher didnt keep her promise to let
them out earlier.
8.
You are not following the doctors advice ______________ you wont get better.
9.
Edward is ______________ conceited that he wont even consider the possibility of not
getting the job.
10. ______________ the rain had poured for three days without a rest, there were floods in
the area.
Adapted from: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students
Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth
Pearson Education Limited 2000
Vocabulary exercises
Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions.
1 a cold: ........................................................................................................................
2 flu: .............................................................................................................................
3 hay fever: ..................................................................................................................
4 a hangover: ...............................................................................................................
5 diarrhea: ....................................................................................................................
6 asthma: ......................................................................................................................
Fill the gaps with a suitable word.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I hit my hand on the desk and it really ________________

They say she died of a heart __________________
She had some apples that werent ready to eat and now shes got stomach- _____________
Ive got this terrible ___________
in my neck from sleeping in the wrong position.
He died of
__________________ even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life.
I went to the doctor, and she gave me a __________________ for some tablets.
Pollution makes her
__________________ worse and its difficult for her to breathe.
There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious _____________ than the other.
I hurt __________________ when I fell off that chair.
10 My back
__________________ from sitting at that computer all day.
Complete the table with the correct verb forms.

Noun
Verb
cut
blood
wound
bandage
injury
bruise
shot
treatment
Complete these conversations in a suitable way.

1.
A: ________ bleeding quite a bit, so I had to put a plaster on it before I could finish.
B: How did you do it, anyway?
A: Oh, I was ________________________
A: ________the next day the eye was really swollen and he had bruises down both his arms.
B: My goodness. What did he tell his parents?
A: More or less the truth. He said
________________________
3.
A: ... tried to get up again but I couldnt move. It was incredibly painful, but
fortunately there were a few pedestrians around to help me.
B: Thats lucky. But what were you doing?
A:
________________________________________
A: ________ my face was cut and he had a terrible bruise on his head.
4.
B: Sounds very unpleasant. How did it happen exactly?

A:
________________________________________
10
Look at the pictures and write the story.
Answer these questions about yourself. Then, ask your partner the
same questions.
1. Have you ever broken your arm or leg?
2. Have you ever needed stitches ?
3. Have you ever had concussion?
4. Have you ever been unconscious?
5. Have you ever had a blood test?
6. Have you ever been in an ambulance?
Stuart Redman
English Vocabulary in Use
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997
11
Food and restaurants

1. When you go out for a meal, you usually do a number of things. Look
at the list of actions below and put them into the correct order. The first
one has been done for you.
___ look at the menu
___ give the waiter a tip
___ have dessert
___ pay the bill
___ book a table
_1_ decide to go out for a meal
___ leave the restaurant
___ have the starter
___ go to the restaurant
___ have the main course
___ sit down
___ order the meal
___ ask for the bill
2. What are the people talking about in the following sentences? In some
cases there may be more than one answer.
1. I never have it late at night because it keeps me awake.
2. It makes you sneeze if it goes up your nose.
3. They often make you cry when you chop them.
4. I often use it in cooking but it makes your breath smell.
5. If you leave it in the sun, it will melt.
3. Role play: write a dialogue with your partner in which you are going
out for a meal. Use your list on exercise 1
Adapted from Way With Words Resource Pack 1

12
Prefixes
Which prefix forms the opposite of these words?
happy
patient
polite
correct
dress
tidy
legible
friendly
employed
pack
lock
agree
legal
possible
honest
like
Agree with these statements, using these words which have the same
meaning as the underlined words.
Example: A: He doesnt have a iob. does he?
B: No, he is unemployed
1. Its against the law, isnt it?
-Oh yes,_____________
2. His room is always in a mess, isnt it?
-Yes, _____________
3. He took off his clothes!
-Yes, _____________
4. This handwriting is impossible to read.
-Yes I know, __________
5. She can never wait for five minutes, can she?
- No, _____________
6. I thought it was rude, didnt you?
- Yes, it was very _________
Complete the verbs in these sentences.

1. Im sorry, I mis_____________
her message completely.
2. We un_____________ as soon as we got to the hotel, then went out for a walk.
3. She was here a minute ago, but then she dis_____________Im afraid I dont
know where she is now.
4. We normally have similar opinions but I dis_____________ with him totally on
the subject of drugs.
5. My homework was so bad that Ill have to re_____________
it.
6. Apparently her alarm clock didnt ring and she over_____________

7. She managed to un_____________ the door and we were able to go inside.
8. I dis_____________ the film, but the others enjoyed it.
9. The post office shuts for lunch but it should re_____________
10. Shes over_____________
at 2.00 p.m.
at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a
complete break from her job.

11. My sister wrapped up my present so well that it took me about five minutes to
un_____________ it.
13
Discussion: Food
Text for dictation:______
Understanding an English menu depends not only on knowledge of particular dishes, but
also on familiarity with cooking techniques. The key to these ways of preparing food is
the cooker itself. Contrary to many students expectations, the cooker is not the person
who prepares the food - that is the cook - but the machine used to supply heat.
Most cookers have four hot-plates, usually situated on the top surface. Other names for
hot-plates are gas or electric rings. These are used for boiling, steaming, poaching, frying
and for making chips. Below the hot-plates, you normally find the grill which delivers
heat from above.
Grilled bacon and toasted bread are commonly eaten for breakfast in Britain. Below the
grill, is a chamber called the oven which is used for roasting and baking. A roast potato
is peeled and cooked in oil, while a baked potato remains in its jacket.
Some words on the menu assume more than one process. For example, a mashed potato
is created first by boiling and then by mashing - crushing the boiled potato with a fork.
Butter is usually added to give the final product a smoother texture.
Talk to your partner

1. "The government should make it more expensive for farmers to use
pesticides and more profitable for them to grow organic food."
2. Which age-group in your country eats most fast and convenience food?
What could be done to encourage these people to eat more fresh food?
3. Should the law limit the number of fast food restaurants in our towns?
4. Should suppliers be permitted to irradiate fruit and vegetables to make
them stay greener for longer on the shop shelves?
5. Do you think you can get all the nourishment you need from a vegetarian
diet? Would you be happy to eat a vegetarian diet for a week?
6. The Hay diet encourages you to separate protein from carbohydrate,
while the Chinese "Ying & Yang" diet encourages balanced eating.
Can you describe any special diets which are followed in your country?
7. Should countries try to grow all their own food or is it better to depend
on trade to meet your food needs?
8. Many people in Britain eat too much sugar, butter and salt. How healthy
are eating habits (a) generally in your country (b) in your own family?
9. Are you for or against genetically modified food?
14
_FOOD
Crossword grid with clues:______
Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com
15
Reading: ROD'S EX TO SUE SURGEON WHO BOOBED.

My breast op went wrong claims Alana
By MARK DOWDNEY
Foreign Editor.
POP star Rod Stewart's
ex-wife
Alana
has
launched a multimillion
dollar legal battle claiming her breastboosting op went wrong.
The 48-year-old former
Hollywood actress had
her boobs enlarged 11
years ago months before
Rod left her and moved
in with model Kelly
Emberg.
Now she is suing the
surgeon, claiming
negligence, deceit and
intentional infliction of
emotional distress. Her
court case in Los
Angeles also alleges
breach of warranty
against two medical
companies.
Alana's action comes as
12,000 women in the US
are suing over breast
implants that have gone
awry.( que han salido

mal)
Many say that their
health has been
devastated.
Painful
She has not revealed

what went wrong with
her implants but
common complaints
include leaking silicone
and hardened, painful
lumps.
Some women claim they
developed rheumatoid
arthritis.
It has become such a
scandal that two years
ago US government
watchdogs banned the
use of silicone in breast
implants.
One firm Alana is suing
Bristol-Myers Squibb is
among three US
cosmetic surgery
suppliers who have put
aside a record ,2.8 billion
to settle lawsuits.
Alana wed Rod in April
1979 but filed for
divorce five years later,
just four moths after her
breast op.
She was among many

Hollywood stars to have
implants, including
Melanie Griffith, Mariel
Hemingway, Jane Fonda,
Cher, Loni Anderson and
Heather Locklear.
Divorce
Friends say she had it

done with Rod's
approval but it did not
help to keep the marriage
together.
Alana, mother of their
children Kimberly, now
15, and Sean, 14, is said
to have won a 3 million
divorce settlement plus
15,000 a month child
support from Rod.
She also has a son
Ashley, 19, from her
four year marriage to
actor George Hamilton.
Alana, now one of
Hollywood's fashionable
hostesses, has since
dated Rambo star
Sylvester Stallone,
producer Stan Dragosi
and Texas oil millionaire
Jim Randall.
What company is Alana suing?
What are the most common complaints when the operation goes wrong?
How old is Alana?
How much did she get after her divorce?
How many children has she got?
What other Hollywood actresses are mentioned in the text?
Who has Alana been going out with after her divorce?
Who was Alana married to before Rod?
What is your opinion about breasts operations? Explain your ideas.

Adapted from http://www.myownresources
16
Listening: smoking
In this radio conversation between Dave, a radio programme presenter, Anna, a listener,
and Mick, a doctor, you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them.
Make sure you know what they mean.
Give up = dejar (de fumar, por ejemplo)
Left out = marginado
Grown-up = maduro
Ban = prohibir
Advertising = publicidad
Decrease = disminuir
Here is the beginning of the interview.

Dave: Youre listening to Style UK and this is Dave Moody. And now we move on to the
topic: Smoking and young people. I have with me Mick, the studio doctor, and on the
line is Anna, one of our listeners, whos recently managed to give up the habit. Mick,
Anna welcome to the programme.
Now, read the questions carefully. After that, you are ready to listen
Questions
1. Giving up smoking is difficult because there is no nicotine in cigarettes.
Giving up smoking is not so difficult because of the nicotine.
Giving up smoking is hard because of the presence of nicotine.
2. Anna started smoking because she was left outside her friends house.
Anna started smoking because her friends invited her to smoke.
Anna started smoking because she didnt want to feel left out by her friends.
3. Anna smoked because she didnt feel shy.
Anna smoked because it made her feel more grown up and confident.
Anna smoked two packets a day before she even knew it.
4. Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of maturity.
Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of shyness.
Tobacco companies know that smoking means uncomfortable feelings.
5. Governments say that smoking is something we have to learn to live with.
Mick says that governments should ban cigarette advertising.
Mick says that governments should allow cigarette advertising only in some sports.
6. If you have smoked for a long time the risks of being ill will decrease.
If you give up smoking the risks of being ill will never decrease.
If you give up smoking the risks of being ill begin to decrease.
7. If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer disappears after five years.
If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after five years.
If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after fifteen years.
17
8. Anna gave up smoking very slowly, little by little.

Anna told her family she was going to give up smoking.
Anna made up her mind and began to smoke again.
9. Dave didnt give up smoking because it is unpleasant for the first couple of weeks
Dave didnt give up smoking because of the problem of addiction to nicotine.
Dave didnt give up smoking because he saves his money
10. People find that when they give up smoking they eat more.
People find that if they dont give up smoking they eat more and more.
People find that if they dont smoke they worry too much.
Writing: smoking
Write as short paragraph about smoking: your attitude towards tobacco, your habits, your
ideas, etc.
Comisin Interuniversitaria de Galicia
PAU Junio 2008
18
Listening: 911 operator

Have you ever needed roadside assistance? What kinds of situations do you think of
when you hear the words "emergency call"? What emergency or survival supplies
(including 72-hour kits) might be useful in such situations? Write down three ideas and
discuss them with a partner.
1________________________________________________________________
2 ________________________________________________________________
3 ________________________________________________________________
Listen to the text and fill in the blanks with the words in the box
calm down
bottle
condition
warm
stalled
dispatched
operator
landmark
lane
wait
Operator: Hello. This is the emergency 911 ____________.

Taxi Driver: Help. Help. Please help me!
Operator: : Yes sir. Please ____________ down and explain exactly what is
happening.
Taxi Driver: Calm down! My car _____________ on the freeway, I have a lady
passenger, and she's going into labour.
Operator: : Now relax sir. Explain exactly where you are.
Taxi Driver: I'm . . . I'm in the southbound _____________ of the Lincoln Expressway,
about 15 miles from the Washington Tunnel, and this lady isn't going to wait.
Operator: :Okay. What's your name sir and your passenger's?
Taxi Driver: It's ... it's Bob, and I have no idea about the woman. She's in no
_____________ to tell me.
Operator: : Okay, now what's the nearest _____________ to your location? Pay careful
attention.
Taxi Driver: Umm, I see golden arches . . . McDonalds.
19
Operator: : Okay, is there anyone else with you?

Taxi Driver: No, and I've tried to get someone else to stop. [The sound of a bottle
breaking.]
Operator: : Hey, what was that? [Ahhhh!]
Taxi Driver: Ah, someone threw a _____________ at me. How soon can someone get
here?
Operator: : I've just _____________ an ambulance to your location. They should be
there any second.
Taxi Driver: Hey, is there anything I can do while we _____________ the ambulance?
Operator: : Yes, uh, keep her calm and _____________
Taxi Driver: Okay. Please hurry. Oh, they're too late. It's a boy!
Choose the correct answer:

1. If you get in an accident, you just need to _________________ and call for
emergency assistance.
1. grab some sleep
2. calm down
3. stall
2. The car _______________ in the middle of the intersection, and we got out to
help the driver move his car to the side of the road.
1. fell
2. stalled
3. drove
3. A police car was _________________ to the scene of the accident to deal with
the accident.
1. dismissed
2. delivered
3. dispatched
4. _________________ arrived a few minutes after the accident to treat the injured
motorists.
1. A fire engine
2. A hearse
3. An ambulance
5. Can you tell me if there is an important _______________ near your house so I
can look for it in case I get lost?
1. landmark
2. headstone
3. place setting
Adapted from http://www.esl-lab.com
20
Writing: Funny Thai Advert - Healthy Lifestyles Secrets

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJbvllx8UfQ&feature=related
Describe the first situation using these words:
Doctor
hospital
patient
prescription
exercise
female
What advice would you give to the girl in the second situation?
What happened in the third situation?
Talk to your partner and invent another situation for a similar commercial
on the advantages of doing exercise:
21
Speaking: food and diet

Based on http://www.eslgold.net/speaking.html y http://iteslj.org/questions/
QUESTIONS
Do you eat enough of everything?
Do you eat too much of everything?
How many sweets do you have a day?
Do you eat much/ enough/--any fruit?
Which type of fruit?
Do you drink much alcohol-coffee-tea?
What do people in you country usually have for

breakfast/lunch/dinner?
Do they eat at other times?
ANSWERS
Yes, I do. / No, I dont. I dont like or
I usually
I eat a lot of I love
No, I dont eat fruit.
No, I dont. No, none.
Yes, I usually drink I used to, but
now
People usually have
Yes, they usually eat al(time)

No, they dont. They eat at similar hours.
Have you ever been on a diet?
Yes, I have. Im on a diet. I eat/dont eat
No I havent.
Do you think women are more worried than men Yes, women are more worried about diet
about their diet?
because
No, they arent. Nowadays men are
worried
Do you think your diet is healthy? Why? Why
Yes, it is. I have enough .
No it isnt. I think I eat too much.. too
not?
many ..
Do you like vegetables?
I like . but I dont like
And, what about?
No, not al all.
Do you usually eat junk food?
Yes, I eat it once-twice a week.
How often?
No, I dont it.
Do you think children really like vegetables?
Yes, they do.
No, they dont like them because
Do you think being overweight is a problem?
Yes, I think it is, because
No, I dont think so.
Do you usually have a siesta/nap after lunch?
Yes, I do. No, I dont
Do you think it is healthy?
I think it is healthy/unhealthy because
Have you got a fix timetable for meals?
Yes I always eat at the same times.
No, I cant have meals at the same times
because
When I was younger I used to have lunch
at the same time but now
What is your favourite food?
My favourite food is
Writing: Make a short summary with your partners ideas
22
Reading and writing: Passive smoking

Passive smoking means breathing in other people's tobacco smoke. A smoker's exhaled
smoke is called exhaled mainstream smoke. The smoke drifting from their lit cigarette
is called sidestream smoke. The combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke is
called second hand smoke (SHS).
Most of the smoke that hangs in a room is sidestream smoke, which contains higher
levels of cancer- causing compounds than mainstream smoke. Tobacco smoke inside a
room tends to hang in mid-air rather than disperse. Hot smoke rises, but tobacco smoke
cools rapidly, which stops its upward climb. A heavy smoker who smokes indoors
causes a permanent low-lying smoke cloud that other householders have no choice but
to breathe.
Second hand smoke has been confirmed as a cause of lung cancer in humans. Its
compounds irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. A non-smoking pregnant woman is
more likely to give birth to a baby with a slightly lower birth weight if she is exposed to
second hand smoke. A child exposed to second hand smoke in the home is more likely
to develop asthma symptoms and have more asthma attacks. Non-smokers who suffer
long-term exposure to this smoke have a 20 to 30 per cent higher risk of developing
lung cancer.
There are various ways to help protect the health of a smoker's partner and children.
Suggestions include making your home and car smoke-free as well as making sure that
smokers who visit the house smoke their cigarettes outdoors, no matter what the
weather.
Answer the following questions according to the information given in the
text. Use your own words.
1. Why is smoking indoors especially harmful?
2. Is there a connection between respiratory illnesses and passive smoking?
Add True or False, quoting the relevant information from the text to justify
your answer.
Pregnant women who do not smoke need not worry about their foetus's health.
If you really care about your family's health, not allowing people to smoke at home is
not enough.
Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as the following:
In the open air, outside. _____________
Moving along in a current of air or water. _____________
Persons who occupy a house. _____________
Breathed out, expelled. _____________
Write a composition with the following title
Try to convince a heavy smoker to quit smoking, giving him/her some advice on what
to do and how to do it
Adapted from Universidad de Zaragoza, PAU Junio 2012
23
Listening : Listen and fill in the gaps in this script

Modern Family 1
00:00:48,020 --> 00:00:52,440
I... was out of control growing up, there, you know, i said it.
00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,890

I'm Josh, Brian's dad. - Hi, I'm Gloria Pritchett... ... Manny's mother.
Oh, this must be you're dad.
Her dad? Uh, no, no, that's funny.
00:02:59,010 --> 00:03:02,960

We have been together for... five years now?
00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:36,660

I'm quitting soccer, it is a game for children.
No, you're not quitting. You would've stoped that goal if you weren't staring at that little
girl.
00:07:41,329 --> 00:07:48,370
Manny is very passioned, just like his father. My first husband is very handsome but, to
crazy. It seemed like all what we did was, fight and make love.
One time, Im not kidding you, we fell out of the window together.
00:09:06,942 --> 00:09:10,707

Well, that's reassuring, right Lilly?
Yeah, we tore you away from everything you know but don't worry, things are normal
here. Your fathers are floating fairy's!
00:09:27,602 --> 00:09:29,209

Okay, what's up?
00:15:55,831 --> 00:15:59,555

You're to close, it's gonna hurt. - It's supposed to hurt!
00:18:25,563 --> 00:18:28,910

Hi Gloria, how are you? What a beautiful dress!
Thank you, Phil! - Oh, Okay.
24
Unit 2
The Young And The Jobless: Hopes On Hold In Spain
SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

Spain has Europe's highest unemployment rate - about 25 percent. And for people in their
20s, it's double that. Every weekday morning, lines snake around the block at
unemployment offices across Spain, where jobseekers go to register for benefits or
training courses. Reporter Lauren Frayer went to one such office in her own Madrid barrio
to talk with the unemployed about how they're coping nearly three years into Europe's debt
crisis.
LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE: The crowd of jobseekers at this unemployment office in
downtown Madrid looks different than it did a few years ago. Back when the housing
market went bust, it was construction workers who flooded into this lobby. Now, labour
reforms have made it easier for corporations to fire workers without seniority
(antigedad). So, the latest wave has been white collar, youth unemployment. People like
Jaime Garcia de Sola, who studied economics and then got an internship at an investment
bank. It had just turned into a full-time job.
JAIME GARCIA DE SOLA: Actually it was everything OK, but there was not too many
things going on, so finally they had to fire someone. I was like the new one, so it was me.
FRAYER: At 30, Garcia was really looking forward to moving out of his parents' house.
SOLA: I was about to, and then I got fired. I had found like perfect apartment, with some
friends and everything, and then - I guess I'm lucky that I didn't get into the contract and
stuff, 'cause that would have been hard today to pay and everything.
25
FRAYER: Unemployment has also come at a particularly inconvenient time for the person
just behind him in line, 30-year-old Vicky Fernandez.
VICKY FERNANDEZ: I'm going to get married 16th of June. You know, it's going to be
quite hard being without work after the wedding.
FRAYER: Fernandez racked up (acumul)advanced degrees in hopes she would never
find herself here in the unemployment line.
FERNANDEZ: I have a diplomatura and I have two masters, and I have two languages:
French and English and Spanish, of course. And I have a lot of problems to find work. It's
not easy for young people.
FRAYER: Many of those here are well-educated 30-somethings - the demographic Spain's
economy relies on to do things like buy houses or start families. But those things get put
on hold in this economy, Fernandez says.
FERNANDEZ: I'm quite frightened, because also I want to be a mother. So, it's quite
difficult right now because you don't have enough money to get your life to the end of the
month. So, you can imagine with the children?
FRAYER: Garcia and Fernandez are both frustrated that financial autonomy seems
beyond reach. But here in Spain, young people do tend to live with their parents longer with or without an economic crisis. And that's one of the traditions that allows Spain to
survive with 50 percent unemployment among youth, says economist Gonzalo Garland, at
Madrid's IE Business School.
GONZALO GARLAND: They stay with the parents, and if one of the parents works, then
they will be able to survive, and therefore the impact of unemployment is not as strong as
it would be in another society. Sometimes it's even grandparents with their pensions who
are supporting other families where none have employment. So, there's this family
network, let's say, that also tends to alleviate to some extent the impact of very high
unemployment.
FRAYER: The problem is when those well-educated 20-somethings become 30somethings and 40-somethings and still can't find steady, meaningful work. And that's
what's happening now. Garland says that paradoxically, Spanish laws that aim to protect
jobs are at least partly to blame.
GARLAND: Because firing is so difficult and the cost is so high, there's also a resistance
to hire. Therefore, what happens is you have a lot more long-term unemployed in Western
Europe, than what you have in the U.S.
FRAYER: Back at the unemployment office, Garcia eyes construction workers digging up
the road out front, and he wonders whether going to college and getting internships was
the right path after all. He's thinking of going abroad now. And I ask him how he's feeling.
SOLA: Afraid, I think. Yeah, 'cause I don't know what's going to happen, I don't know
what can I do.
26
FRAYER: For NPR News, I'm Lauren Frayer in Madrid.
Copyright 2012 National Public Radio.
30 words or expressions you have to know:

1. unemployment rate _____________
2. line _____________
3. block _____________
4. jobseekers _____________
5. benefits _____________
6. cope _____________
7. debt _____________
8. crowd _____________
9. downtown _____________
10. flood _____________
11. lobby _____________
12. fire _____________
13. internship _____________
14. investment _____________
15. turn into _____________
16. full-time job _____________
17. To be going on _____________
18. To looking forward to _____________
19. Move out _____________
20. Degrees _____________
21. Rely on _____________
22. Put on hold _____________
23. Frightened _____________
24. Beyond _____________
25. Therefore _____________
26. Steady _____________
27. Hire _____________
28. Dig _____________
29. Path _____________
30. Abroad _____________
27
1. Questions on the text:

1. Which country has the highest unemployment rate in Europe?
2. Why do people go to the unemployment offices?
3. How is the queue of unemployed different form some years ago?
4. What is the effect of new labour laws?
5. Why was Jaime fired?
6. What is Vicky going to do in June?
7. Why is she frightened?
8. Why is the impact of youth unemployment not so strong in Spain?
9. What is Garcia planning to do in the future?
10. How does he feel about it?
2 . Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)?

___ 1. Youth unemployment in Spain is about 50 %
___ 2. Garca likes living with his parents
___ 3. It is difficult to have children because you have to work long hours
___ 4. Some families live on the grandfathers pension
___ 5. Both Garcia and Fernandez are afraid
3. Look at the pictures: when were they taken?

Write a short paragraph about the 15-M movement
28
4. Compare these to sentences from the text:

1. Now, labour reforms have made it easier for corporations to fire workers without
seniority
2. Because firing is so difficult and the cost is so high, there's also a resistance to
hire.
Who says them?
1. ______________________________
2. _______________________________
Translate them into Spanish
Are they contradictory? What do you think?

Discuss them with your partner and write a paragraph stating your opinions
29
Grammar
Reported speech
Reported statements
In reported speech (also known as indirect speech], the tense used in the speakers original
words is usually (but not always] moved back a tense when the reporting verb (said, told,
etc.] is in the past. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present, present
perfect or future.
Tense changes
Speaker's words
present simple
present continuous
Reported speech
-> past simple
past continuous
present perfect simple
-> past perfect simple
present perfect continuous
-> past perfect continuous
past simple
past perfect simple
past continuous
-1 past perfect continuous
past perfect
-> past perfect
going to future
-> was going to
shall/will
-> would
shall in offers and suggestions
-> should
must
-> had to
can
-> could
Example: Sales have dropped dramatically in the last year.

A representative said (that) sales had dropped dramatically in the last (or previous) year.
Note: It is possible to omit that.
The past simple and continuous often remain unchanged in reported speech, in both
written and spoken English, if this can be done without causing any confusion about the
time of the actions.
When they arrived, I was still cooking the dinner.
He said that when they arrived, he was still cooking the dinner.
Time and place changes

It is often necessary to change time, place and other references in reported speech,
depending on when and where the reporting takes place in relation to the actual words.
30
Some common changes

now
> then
tonight
> that night
yesterday
> the day before/on + name of day
tomorrow
> the following day/the next day/on + name of day
this morning
> that morning
last week
> the previous week
next Saturday
> the following Saturday
ago
> before/previously
here
> there
this + the place -
> that/the + the place
this
> that/the
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1. Ill come and see you on Friday if thats all right. (She said)
2. She said (that) she would come and see us on Friday if that was all right.
3. The conference will be spending a considerable time discussing the world debt
crisis. (The statement said)
4. The shops closing in half an hour. (She explained)
5. Hes planning to set up his own business. (Gareth tells me)
6. 5' Were going to have to make quite a few cutbacks. (The managing director
said)
7. The police have been investigating new allegations of fraud. (A spokesperson
said)
8. When the project first started, there was a lot of interest in it. (She explained)
9. Its pouring with rain down here. (She told me)
10. Ill have finished writing the report by the time you get here. (She promised me)
11. My new computer has made a lot of difference to me. (She says)
12. The 8.45 train from Waterloo will be arriving in approximately five minutes.
(The station announcer has just said)
31
Reported questions
The rules about tense changes apply to questions in the same way as they apply to
statements.
Wh questions
The subject and verb are NOT inverted in reported speech:
Why didnt you tell me the truth?
She asked me why I hadnt told her the truth.
Yes/no questions
Put if or whether before the subject + verb:
Have I seen you before?
She asked me if she had seen me before.
toinfinitive in reported speech

In reported requests, advice, commands, etc., use io-infinitive:
Can you help me write my speech?
She asked me to help her write her speech.
Dont stay out too late.
She told me not to stay out too late.
Write the following in reported speech.

1. Where do you think we should advertise? (He asked me)
2.
Are you going to audition for the play? (Emma asked me)
3. Give me a ring if you need any help. (She told me)

4. How is Laura getting on? (She often asks me ... you ...)
5. Shall I ask her out for a meal? (Hes been wondering)
6. Why did Matthew look so embarrassed when he saw Carole? (He asked)
7. Must we stay here all evening? (He asked)
8. What are they doing about publicity for the event? (She wondered)
9. Will you send me the report when its finished? (He asked me)
10. What have you done with the student records? (She asked me)
11. Do you think you could keep your voices down a bit? (She asked us)
12. Where did you buy that hat? (He wanted to know)
13. Have you been eating properly? (The doctor asked me)
14. Dont make any noise during the performance. (They asked us)
15. Were you still teaching music when you met Oliver? (Mike asked me)
32
Verbs used in reporting

Many different verbs are used in reporting. We do not usually report every word that was
said or written and these different verbs can help to summarize the original words:
Would you like to come and stay for the weekend?
He invited us to stay for the weekend.
No, no, I dont want your money. Im definitely going to pay for the meal and thats that.
She insisted on paying for the meal.
Put the sentences into reported speech, summarizing what was said
and using the following verbs:
Decide, complain, accuse, advise, apologize, offer, persuade, remind, warn, refuse
1. I know youve got a lot of work to do at the moment. Ill help you type up that
report if you like, he said.
2. He offered to help me type up the report.
3. A: I dont think you should hand in your resignation immediately.
4. Give yourself more time to think about it.
5. B: OK. I suppose youre right. Ill leave it for a while then.
6. He persuaded me not to hand in my resignation Immediately.
7. No, Im not going to discuss it with you. I think its a waste of time, he said.
8. I really think I should have been invited to the meeting. Im very unhappy about
the fact that I wasnt, he said.
9. Youve been quite ill and you need to recover. I really think you should take it
easy for a few days, the doctor said.
10. You must not go near their house again or there will be trouble, the police said to
him.
11. After giving the matter some serious thought, we have now reached a final
decision. We are going to close down the naval base in two years time, said the
Ministry of Defence.
12. Someones been reading my diary. I know they have. I found it in the wrong
drawer this morning. It was you, wasnt it?
13. Remember that youve got to apply for a new passport. Yours is out of date now,
he said to me.
14. Im really sorry about all the trouble Ive caused. I didnt mean to, she said.
33
Rewrite these sentences using the Reported Speech

He said:
1. Im sorry hes ill

2. I havent done my homework
3. I have something to give you, Mary
4. I dont know what shell say
5. I am sorry I didnt come yesterday
6. I didnt learn this last year
7. You must leave the country
8. Im going to meet him tomorrow
9. How did you know that?
10. Are you enjoying yourself?
11. What is the time?
12. Will the taxi be here by eight?
13. Can you hear the noise, David?
14. Have the children put away their clothes?
15. Did Bill give you that ring two days ago, Mandy?
16. Where are you from?
17. Do you speak Russian?
18. How many cakes can you put in your mouth?
19. When are you going to visit me?
20. Why are you so sad?
21. Play it again, Sam
22. Clean it yourself, please
23. Dont drive too fast
24. Dont speak until you are spoken to
25. Dont spend all you money on food and drink
34
26. Do you think it will rain

27. Are you listening to me?
28. Come here!
29. Have you seen him before?
30. You should treat other people the way you want them to treat you
31. Look where you are going
32. Why dont we sell the house?
33. Mary, this is Tom
34. Be careful! There is some ice on the road
35. Bring me that book, please
36. Dont close the window, it is hot in here
37. You mustnt fish in this river
38. I will not eat these apples, they are rotten
39. What did Mark ask you?
40. Is he going to ask you more questions?
41. Are you coming to my birthday party?
42. Dont come in, the floor is wet
43. I havent seen her since last December
44. I met your sister three days ago
45. When are you going to give up smoking?
46. What is your address?
47. Dont speak to me like that
48. I cant open this bottle of wine
49. Can you do it for me?
50. Are you happy this is the last sentence?
35
Connections of purpose
Para: to , in order to , so as to, so that
so that (para que) va siempre seguida de un modal : can/ could; may/might; will/would
EXERCISES
A. Rewrite these sentences, using the linking words in brackets.
1. Everyone was pushing because they wanted to get to the front of the queue. (in
order to)
2 A lot of people learn English because they want to study in England. (in order to)
2. Try to write clearly. That way you will avoid being misunderstood. (so as to)
3. What do I need to know, if I want to be a good doctor? (in order to)
4. She turned up early because she wanted to get the room ready (in order to)
5. She used both hands, because she didnt want to drop anything. (so as to)
6. We went over everything carefully, because we didnt want to make any mistakes.
(so as to)
7. She left quietly, because she didnt want to make any trouble. (so as to)
8. We covered the furniture, because we didnt want to get paint all over it. (so as to)
B. Rewrite these sentences using so that

1. (example) He lifted me up because he wanted me to see what was happening.
1. He lifted me up, so that I could see what was happening.
2. The houses were knocked down to build car parks and office blocks.
3. I sat next to the window, because I wanted to see out.
4. He tied a knot in his handkerchief, because he didnt want to forget her message.
5. I waved my arms. I wanted them to see me.
6. He wanted the report early, because he wanted to discuss it with colleagues.
36
7. We will take a telescope. We want to see the birds without getting too close.
8. Ill fasten the donkey, because I dont want it to escape.
9. She left her address. She wanted us to forward her letters.
10. He wears a disguise. He didnt want his friends to recognise him.
C. Rewrite as indicated below

1. He does gymnastics in the bathroom to keep fit.
a) He does gymnastics in the bathroom in order to ...
b) He does gymnastics in the bathroom so that ...
2. She chose her words very carefully. She didnt want to offend him.
She chose her words very carefully so that ...
3. The secretary gave her all the instructions. She wanted to apply for the job.
The secretary gave her all the instructions so that ...
4. He drove as fast as he could. He wanted to reach the airport in time.
He drove as fast as he could so as to ...
5. He took a taxi to the airport. That way he didnt miss the plane.
He took a taxi to the airport so as to ...
He took a taxi to the airport so that ...
6. He took all the due precautions. He didnt raise any suspicions.
He took all the precautions so as not to .....
7. He took a medicine. He wanted to recover
He took a medicine in order to ...
He took a medicine so that ...
8. The teacher spoke very clearly. He wanted the students to fulfil his instructions exactly.
The teacher spoke very clearly so that ...
9. I told him everything. I wanted him to know how to do it.
37
I told him everything so that ...

10. She is singing sweetly. She doesn't want to disturb the sleeping child.
She is singing sweetly in order not to ....
She is singing sweetly, so that ...
Adapted from Stuart Redman
English Vocabulary in Use
Suffixes
1. Write down an adjective (or adjectives) formed from these nouns or verbs.
Thought____________dirt. ____________ pain_______
comfort__________
Attract_____________care_____________ knowledge_________fame_____________
Create_____________danger____________suit_____________ rely_____________
Fog_____________ politics__________ sun_____________ wash_____________
Home_____________enjoy_____________ music_____________use_____________
Fill the gaps with suitable adjectives.

You must be very ____________ when you drive in wet weather.
It was so ____________
this morning that I couldnt see more than twenty metres in
front of me.
Everyone in my country has heard of her; shes very ____________
The people in the tourist information office were very ____________ and answered all
our questions without any problems.
This is a very____________ road; there were at least three serious accidents on it last
year.
It was very____________ when I hit my leg against the corner of the table.
This bag is very ____________ because I can use it for work or when I go on holiday.
Weve never had any problems with our TV in ten years; its been very _____________
The factory is in the middle of the_____________ part of the city, surrounded by other
factories.
I made some coffee but it was horrible. In fact, my sister said it was ____________
Im afraid my working hours are very____________; I have to start at exactly the same
time every day and finish at the same time every day.
It seems terrible to me that there are so many____________ people living in a city with
thousands of empty houses.
38
2. Look at the two examples and then complete the rest of the
definitions.
Example: An actor is a person who acts in. films and on TV
1. A journalist is a person who _____________
2. A ballet dancer is a person who ____________
3. A film director is a person who ____________
4. A bank manager is a person who ____________
5. An employer is a person who ____________
6. A pop singer is a person who ____________
7. A translator is a person who ____________
8. A lorry driver is a person who ____________
9. A photographer is a person who ____________
10. An artist is a person who _____________
Adapted from -English Grammar Practice Intermediate - Longman
Vocabulary: jobs
A Getting a job
When Paul left school he applied for (= wrote an official request for) a job in the accounts
department of a local engineering company. They gave him a job as a trainee (= a very
junior person in a company). He didnt earn very much but they gave him a lot of training
(= organised help and advice with learning the job), and sent him on training courses.
B Moving up
Paul worked hard at the company and his prospects (= future possibilities in the job)
looked good. After his first year he got a good pay rise (= more money), and after two
years he was promoted (= given a higher position with more money and responsibility).
After six years he was in charge of (= responsible for / the boss of) the accounts
department with five other employees (= workers in the company) under him (= under his
responsibility/authority).
C Leaving the company
By the time Paul was 30, however, he decided he wanted a fresh challenge (= a new
exciting situation). He was keen to work abroad, so he resigned from his company
(=officially told the company he was leaving his job; you can also say he quit the
company) and started looking for a new job with a bigger company. After a couple of
months he managed to find a job with an international company which involved
(=included) a lot of foreign travel. He was very excited about the new job and at first he
really enjoyed the travelling, but ...
39
D Hard times
After about six months, Paul started to dislike the constant moving around, and after a year
he hated it; he hated living in hotels, and he never really made any friends in the new
company. Unfortunately his work was not satisfactory either and finally he was sacked (=
told to leave the company / dismissed / given the sack) a year later.
After that, Paul found things much more difficult. He was unemployed (- out of work /
without a job) for over a year. He had to sell his car and move out of his new house.
Things were looking bad and in the end Paul had to accept a part-time job (= working only
some of the day or some of the week) on a fruit and vegetable stall in a market.
E Happier times
To his surprise, Paul loved the market. He made lots of friends and enjoyed working out in
the open air. After two years, he took over (= took control of) the stall. Two years later he
opened a second stall, and after ten years he had fifteen stalls. Last year Paul retired (=
stopped working completely) at the age of 55, a very rich man.
1. Write a single word synonym for each of these words/phrases.
given the sack =
out of work =
left the company =
was given a better position in the company =
future possibilities in a job =
stopped working for ever =
workers in a company =
2. Find the logical answer on the right for each of the questions on the left
a. Why did they sack him?
___Because he was nearly 65.
b. Why did they promote him?
___Because he was late for work every day
c. Why did he apply for the job?
___Because he needed more training.
d. Why did he retire?
___Because he was out of work.
e. Why did he resign?
___Because he was the best in the department.
f. Why did he go on the course?
___Because he didnt like his boss.
3. Complete these sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
a. I dont want a full-time job. Id prefer to work _____________
b. Shed like to go on another training _____________
c. Im bored in my job. I need a fresh _____________
d. He works on a stall in the _____________
e. At the end of this year we should get a good pay _____________
f. Shes got more than a hundred workers under _____________
g. I didnt know he was the new manager. When did he take _____________
h. Its a boring job and the pay is awful. Why did he _____________
40
4. Discuss these questions with your partner:

a. Has your father or mother a job in a company?
b. What does his/her job involve?
c. Is he/she responsible for anything or anyone?
d. Has he/her had much training from the company?
e. Have the company sent him/her on any training courses?
f. Has he/she been promoted since he/she started in the company?
g. Does he/she normally get a good pay rise at the end of each year?
h. How does he/she feel about your future prospects in the company?
i. Is he/she happy in the job or does he/she feel it is time for a fresh challenge in
another company?
Adapted from English Vocabulary in Use (Pre-intermediate-Intermediate)
5. Write a short paragraph about a job you would like to have: explain why
you like it, the working condition, the time-table, etc.
41
Speaking: Job discussion

STUDENT As QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1)
What kind of jobs have you had (part-time and full-time)?
2)
Are there many good job vacancies for you in your country?
3)
What is your dream job?
4)
What jobs do you do at home?
5)
Are there jobs that are only for women or only for men?
6)
How many jobs do you think youll have in your life?
7)
Are there any jobs you would refuse to do, regardless of the pay?
8)
Is being a rock star or sports star a job?
9)
What do you think the job of being an English teacher is like?
10)
Who has the best job in the world? Why do you think so?
STUDENT Bs QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)

1)
Do you often check the jobs ads in newspapers or on the Internet?
2)
What kinds of jobs interest you most and least?
3)
Is the job market in your country growing?
4)
What are the toughest jobs in the world?
5)
Is being a housewife a job? Should women get paid for this?
6)
Do you like job hunting applying for jobs?
7)
What is the job description of your last job?
8)
Does everyone have equal job opportunities in your country?
9)
Whats the best way to pass job interviews?
10)
What is the best way to quit a job?

Adapted from www.eslDiscussions.com
42
Listening and writing

A JOURNALIST IN THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE
In the following interview you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them.
Make sure you know what they mean.
Pulitzer Prize: un premio periodstico muy importante
slaughterhouse: matadero
obituary: esquela
numbness: insensibilidad
feedback: reaccin, respuesta
stand up: afrontar / hacer frente a
outlook: perspectiva
Ready? Now read the questions. Read them carefully before listening to the
conversation.
Charlie LeDuff, 34, is a reporter for The New York Times. He started his journalism career
at age 29, after earning a bachelors degree from the University of Michigan and a
masters degree in journalism from the University of California. Part Native American,
LeDuff was one of several reporters who worked at The New York Times series that was
awarded a Pulitzer Prize in April 2001. He spent one month working at a pork
slaughterhouse in North Carolina.
Text adapted from <JournalismJob.com> (March 31, 2001)
[Now listen to the interview.]
QUESTIONS
Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.
Look at number 0 as an example.
0. Charlie earned a masters degree in journalism
from the University of California.
_ from the University of Michigan.
_ in North Carolina.
_ when he was 29.
1. Charlie wrote his first article in
_ The New York Times.
_ the Alaska Fishermans Journal.
_ the local paper.
_ the high school paper.
2. Why did Charlie decide to become a journalist?
_ Because some friends convinced him.
_ Because he thought it would be cool.
_ To make his parents proud.
_ Because of the good salary.
3. Charlie LeDuff picked the North Carolina slaughterhouse for his history
because
_ its the biggest in the world.
43
_ its in North Carolina.

_ his editor told him to pick it.
_ of the different races that worked there.
4. When he applied for the job at the slaughterhouse, Charlie was
_ both scared and excited.
_ excited to write about something important.
_ excited because he was working for The Times.
_ interested in the kind of work done there.
5. What surprised Charlie most about his work in the slaughterhouse
was that
_ the workers had a 15-minute break every hour.
_ all the workers worked as mechanics.
_ the workers were so numb and that there were so many Mexicans.
_ there were not many Mexican workers.
6. When Charlie wrote his articles, the feedback he got was
_ positive.
_ negative.
_ both positive and negative.
_ non-existent.
7. Winning the Pulitzer Prize
_ is important to Charlie.
_ is not important to Charlie, but it is to other people.
_ would be funny, according to Charlie.
_ is not important to anyone.
8. Charlie thinks that being part Native American
_ affects his work as a journalist because it is part of who he is.
_ does not affect his work as a journalist.
_ makes him more honest.
_ affects his work as a journalist only when he lives in New York.
Adapted from Consell Interuniversitari de Catalunya
Proves daccs a la universitat 2009-2010
Writing: Do you think animals have rights? Can we do with them as we like?
44
Reading and speaking

People in Britain can look for jobs in the Situations Vacant column of national or local
newspapers. National newspapers such as "The Guardian" focus on different areas of
employment such us media, education, social work and information technology on
different days. Job vacancies are also displayed at Job Centres and other Employment
Agencies in towns and cities and on the Internet.
Before applying for a job, you should check that you meet the requirements. These are
usually specified in terms of previous experience, qualifications and personality. To show
that you are a suitable candidate for the post, it is usual to enclose a curriculum vitae with
your letter of application. There are many computer programs that will help you produce a
well designed and professional-looking curriculum vitae, available both from computer
software retailers and as freeware on the web.
If you make the right impression, you will be invited to an interview; otherwise you will
probably receive a letter saying: "we regret to inform you that your application has been
unsuccessful." The successful applicant will probably be given a contract of employment
which will contain the job description and the terms and conditions. You show your
acceptance of these by signing the contract.
On your first day of work, you may be invited to join a trade union. If so, you will
probably be introduced to your shop steward, the trade union official who will represent
you and your colleagues in negotiations with management. Sooner or later, you will meet
your boss. The person who you report to, could also be called a line manager or director.
In factories, workers often take their orders from a team-leader or foreman, who is an
intermediary between the employer and the employees.
Discussion questions:_____ask and answer
1. What ratio of work to leisure would be your ideal? Answer using percentages.
2. Are the people in your country famous for working hard or for having a good social
life?
3. What jobs would you most and least like to do?
4. What jobs have you done in your life and what did you like and dislike about them?
45
5. Which age-groups are worst affected by unemployment in your country?

Should people who have never worked before be entitled to unemployment benefit?
6. What are the causes of unemployment and how is the problem solved in your country?
7. Do women in your country have equality of job opportunities? Are they paid as well as
men?
8. Are there many migrant workers in your country? If so, what kind of jobs do they do?
What are their working conditions like?
9. Do people leave your country to find work in other countries? Where do they go?
What sort of jobs do they get? Are they made welcome?
10. Do workers in your country pay a lot of income tax to the government?
Do people with large salaries pay a much higher rate of tax than other workers? Do you
think they should?
11. Do you think that every worker should have the right to join a Trade Union?
12. Do you think that every worker, (including doctors, nurses, teachers, the police,
ambulance crews and fire fighters), should have the right to go on strike?
46
_WORK
47
Reading and writing

Read the text and the instructions to the questions very carefully. Answer all the questions in
English.
Some employers recruit graduates after a half hour personal interview. This is done in a formal
setting, between two people, one of whom controls the conversation. There are always parts of
interviews which are different from what is expected. The interviewer may not start at the
beginning, and this can be difficult. You will have to order and clarify your thoughts quickly as the
interviewer jumps from one point to the other. Situational questions are where the interviewer
describes a work situation and asks for your solution. Generally you are recommended to think
aloud - identify the key points and clarify the information, adding a dash of common sense.
In some cases, you will encounter panel interviews, where you will meet two, three or more
interviewers at the same time. It is usual in such cases for the question topics to be split up
between the interviewers, so that for example one will cover your academic record, the second
concentrating on your reasons for wanting the job, and so on. You will have to build up rapport
with each interviewer, adapt to his/her style, and concentrate on the abrupt change of topic. You
should try and remember who is who - not their names, but their job or position, so that your
answers are given at an appropriate level.
Remember that an interview is a two way process, and you should use the opportunity to ask
questions. At the end of the interview you should have enough information to make a decision, if
the job is offered to you.
Questions
1. Answer the following questions in your own words. The information must be taken from the
text ():
a) Which kinds of interview are mentioned in the text?
b) What is the advice given for panel interviews?
2. Writing: How would you prepare yourself in order to get a job?

Adapted from Comisin Interuniversitaria de Galicia
PAU Junio 2008
48

Modern Family 2
00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:04,800
What's the key to being a great dad?
That's a tough one.
00:02:01,382 --> 00:02:03,083
Well, we'll add more black tape.
00:04:18,419 --> 00:04:21,154
It's important that we teach him how to do things for himself.
In my culture, men take great pride in doing physical labor.
00:06:10,732 --> 00:06:14,167
Jay: Manny thinks his dad is like superman.
The truth? He's a total flake. In fact, the only way he's like superman
00:09:25,899 --> 00:09:27,199
Hey! Hi!
Hi. Hi, uh, this is really embarrassing,
00:10:36,903 --> 00:10:39,505

So, to teach him a lesson, I took his bike, And then -- crazy thing --I put it down for one
minute, And someone swiped it from me.
00:15:17,865 --> 00:15:20,000
I, uh, found your bike.
Oh, good! You -- the -- at the gas station?
No, at my house.
00:16:59,702 --> 00:17:02,770

Well, we tape all of our classes. It takes them out of the moment
00:19:10,065 --> 00:19:12,667
Say, listen...I, uh...Sorry, but I got some bad news.
What?
Your dad couldn't make it.
Why not?
00:19:32,087 --> 00:19:34,122
Are you kidding me? He was very upset. He was dying to see you. In fact, look what he
sent.
A limo?
Yeah!
49
Unit 3 Jeloou 2 de Bachillerato
UNIT 3 Shopping
Online shopping
E-shopping or online shopping simply means shopping via the Internet. An example is
the integrated online shopping-cart system that allows the user to order directly over the
Web. Then, there is the online shopping-cart system that allows the user to generate an
order form to be sent to the merchant via fax or ordinary mail.
Today, many people are taking advantage of this convenient way of shopping.
However, together with this luxury of convenience, new concerns on information
security have emerged, with online frauds or cyber crimes being one of the biggest
threats.
To make e-shopping safer, here are some tips: First, choose e-shopping sites that are
well-known or provide trusted services like Amazon.com as these sites "put their name
on the line". When in doubt, always check out the merchant website. Contact someone
there who can verify the company's privacy policy for you before you make a purchase.
Ask if they will send you a catalogue. If they do not list phone numbers and only have
an e-mail address, you have to be careful.
Before typing in your credit card information, look for the "plural URL." That is, when
you go to the site's checkout page, the "http" in the URL should change to "https." A
closed padlock or key should also appear on the page, letting you know your personal
information will be encrypted or scrambled. If you don't see either of these "locked"
icons or a change in the URL, log out and shop elsewhere. Even if you see a proof of
encryption, such as the plural URL, you should not equate that with the site's
trustworthiness. To verify the site's trustworthiness, call the company to ask about its
privacy policy.
You have found a trustworthy site with a secure checkout page. Now you are ready to
pay. With what do you pay ? Cheque, money order, debit card or credit card ? Experts
say credit cards are the safest method for online purchases as most credit cards have
protection on them. Even if someone rips you off, you can dispute the charge. Secondly,
by using a credit card, it is not just your money on the line but also the creditor's. If you
have a problem with your transaction, the credit card company will help you resolve it.
If you are at the checkout page and the site asks for your date of birth and identity card
number, be very careful as people can manipulate this combination to start applying for
new credit cards in your name. If anything seems suspicious, call up the company. Also,
be wary of sending out credit card information via e-mail or instant messaging as
neither is encrypted.
According to the latest survey, books are one of the things bought most online. This is
followed by accessories. Cosmetics and groceries are increasingly being purchased
online. Today, most of the travellers are buying tickets online because it is a quick and
easy way to make a purchase.
Is online shopping safer than shopping offline? It is difficult to say. When shopping
online, caution is the word.
Adapted from http://www.englishdaily626.com/comprehension.php?178
50
20 words or expression you have to know:

1. allow ______________
2. shopping cart ______________
3. order form ______________
4. convenient ______________
5. concern ______________
6. threat ______________
7. tip ______________
8. trust ______________
9. purchase ______________
10. padlock ______________
11. scramble ______________
12. rip off ______________
13. charge ______________
14. apply for ______________
15. suspicious ______________
16. wary ______________
17. neither ______________
18. survey ______________
19. groceries ______________
20. increasingly ______________
Answer these questions:
From paragraph 1,
(a) define e-shopping.
(b)
what is the difference between the integrated online shopping-cart system and the online
shopping-cart system ?
From paragraph 2,
what is one of the biggest threats to e-commerce ?
From paragraph 4,
what do the "plural URL" and the "locked icon" indicate ?
51
From paragraph 5,
(a) give two advantages of paying by credit car.
(b)
why is it dangerous to send credit card information via e-mail or instant messaging ?
Writing:
Given a chance, would you shop online ? Give a reason for your answer.
52
GRAMMAR BASICS
THE PASSIVE
FORM: to be + past participle
USE: We use the passive when the receiver of the action is more important than the
performer or when the performer of the action is not someone specific. We dont use
vague subjects like someone or some people.
The local cinema was closed down ten years ago
1. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the

passive. Make any other necessary changes.
Do you want someone to wake you up in the morning?
Do you want to be woken up in the morning?
1. I dont like someone telling me what to do.
2. The windows are really dirty: no-ones cleaned them for weeks.
3. After the company made him redundant, he became very depressed.
4. I would like them to have given me the chance to explain my point of view,
5. Im hoping they will choose me for the college football team.
6. People believe that many more people will die of skin cancer .
7. If it hadnt rained so much, we would have finished the job on time.
8. We cant take the car: the people at the garage are repairing it.
2. Rewrite the following texts, putting the underlined verbs into the
passive and making any other changes that are necessary. Use by +
agent where appropriate.
The company is sorry to announce that the situation has forced it to introduce a
range of cost-cutting measures as from the beginning of the new year.
Unfortunately, we can no longer provide free tea and coffee. Someone is going
to install new coin-operated drinks machines in every department and you can
purchase a wide range of drinks from these. We will also stop overtime
payments after the end of this month and we will expect all members of staff to
53
complete their duties within their contract hours. You must no longer make
personal calls from office phones and we request you to use the pay phone in
the basement for this purpose.
Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time
someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulances
took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe bums. They say that seven
of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette
started the fire.
Last month the Council put forward a plan to make the seafront traffic-free.
Many of the shop and restaurant owners support the plan as they believe that a
more pleasant environment will improve their trade. However, the hotel
owners are less enthusiastic and I say that the traffic restriction will make access
to their car parks very difficult. There have also been protests from some local
residents who complain that the closure of the seafront road will make their
journeys around the town much longer.
54
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and form. Some of
the verbs should be in the passive and some in the active.
Animals on the roads
More cars and lorries 1 _____________
(drive) on our roads every year and, sadly,
as a result of this, more and more wild animals 2 _____________ (kill) by vehicles.
Roads often 3 _____________(cross) the routes that 4
_____________ (take) by
animals when they are migrating, breeding or feeding.
Every spring, many thousands of toads 5 _____________ (kill) as they 6
_____________(make) their way to the traditional breeding ponds. All over the world,
animals are victims of the road and their dead remains can 7 _____________ (often see)
lying on the roadside. Many badgers and hedgehogs 8 _____________ (hit) by cars
at night as they 9 _____________ (move around) in search of food. Rabbits
sometimes seem to 10
(hypnotize) by the headlights of cars and 11
_____________
(not move] quickly out of the way. Birds 12
_____________(sometimes hit) too as they 13_____________
(fly) low over roads.
14 (can anything do)_____________ to protect these animals from the dangers of the
road? Well, in 1969, a toad tunnel 15 _____________ (build) in Switzerland and was a
great success. Since then, other tunnels 16 _____________ (construct) elsewhere in
Europe, not just for toads but for badgers and salamanders too. In Florida, where the
rare Florida panther 17 _____________ (live), panther tunnels 18 _____________
(build) under the highway and fencing 19 _____________ (put up) beside the highway
to guide the animals safely into these underpasses. Road signs warning drivers to 20
_____________ (look out) for particular animals 21 _____________ (often see) in the
US and it is to 22 _____________ (hope) that they 23 _____________ (become) a more
common sight on the roads of Europe.
4. Translate using the passive voice:

1. Maana se la llevarn al hospital
2. Alguien abri la ventana
3. Deberan cambiar algunas leyes
4. Alguien se ha comido mi sopa.
5. Nunca me han hablado de eso
6. No te dijeron que vinieras a las ocho en punto?
7. La gente llevaba las sillas al jardn
8. Deberan llevarte a la crcel
9. No me gusta que me hables como si fuera una nia
10. Alguien debe haberse sentado en mi silla
55
11. Se puede hacer algo?

12. Tendrn que hacer el examen otra vez
13. A m me cri mi abuela
14. Me ha sorprendido encontrarte aqu
15. Me ests ofreciendo un nuevo empleo?
16. Nadie puede contestar a esta pregunta
17. El rbol se va a romper por el viento
18. Estn arreglando el tejado
19. Nos prometieron sueldos ms altos
20. Alguien dej la ventana abierta
21. No se deben tirar las botellas vacas a la calle
22. Qu te regalaron en tu cumpleaos?
23. El ftbol se juega en todo el mundo
24. Me han robado las tarjetas
25. No nos han dicho nada an
26. Pap Noel no nos trajo muchas cosas
27. Me ordenaron que no dijera nada
28. Se va a celebrar el quinto aniversario la semana que viene
29. Los nios siempre me piden que me quede
30. El profesor ya nos ha avisado: tenemos que estudiar ms
31. Hay que hacer algo para ayudar a esa pobre gente
32. Han encontrado las llaves que perdiste
33. Nadie lo va a escuchar porque siempre est diciendo tonteras
34. Me dijo que me diera prisa
35. Me estn enseando a cocinar
36. No hace falta que le compres flores, ella no sabe lo que has hecho
56
37. Se debera ensear latn en todos los cursos

38. Los leones estn atacando a los turistas
39. Puede que hayan descubierto tu secreto
40. Tendremos una reunin maana a las ocho
41. Tenamos que avisarla
42. Nunca olvidaremos sus palabras
43. Nos cont una historia maravillosa
44. Algunos pases niegan el voto a las mujeres
45. Se estn riendo de m?
46. Encontraron una carta bajo su almohada
47. Quiero que me cuentes un cuento
48. Quiero que me cuides
49. Quiero que no me digas mentiras
50. Quiero que aprendas la pasiva
57
GRAMMAR BASICS
The causative have and the causative get
FORM: have/get + object + past participle
USE: We use the causative have or the causative get when we are not concerned about
the person doing the action.
We have/get the windows cleaned once a month.
1. Rewrite the words underlined using have or get + object + past

participle.
Example:
Theres a photographer over there. Why dont we ask her to take our picture?
Why dont we have/get our picture taken?
1. Theres a leak in the roof. We should arrange for someone to repair it.
2. What time is it? Im afraid someone hasnt repaired my watch vet.
3. Someone is going to redecorate the kitchen for us next month.
4. If I were you. Id ask someone to fell hat tree. It shuts out all the light.
5. Im having a bit of trouble with my eyes at the moment so someones going to
test them next week.
6. I love someone massaging my shoulders.
7. The dentist hasnt checked my teeth this year.
8. The baby was crying because someone was washing her hair.
9. He looks much younger. I think someone's dyed his hair.
10. I dont know if Ive passed the course because the tutors havent marked all my
work vet.
11. That wasps nest is dangerous. You must ask someone to remove it.
58
Vocabulary: shopping
Useful expressions
ASSISTANT Can I help you?
CUSTOMER: Yes, Im looking for (= I want) a blue jumper
ASSISTANT Can I help you?
CUSTOMER: No, Im just looking, thanks. (= I dont need help)
ASSISTANT Can I help you ?
CUSTOMER: Im being served, thanks. (= another assistant is already /helping me)
ASSISTANT: What size are you looking for? (e.g. big? small? medium? 12? 14? 16?)
CUSTOMER: Wheres the changing room? (= the room where you try on clothes; also
called the fitting room)
ASSISTANT: Its down there on the right.
CUSTOMER: Yes, Ill take this one / these. (= Yes, I want to buy this one / these)
CUSTOMER: No, Ill leave it thanks. (= No, I dont want to buy it/them)
CUSTOMER: Excuse me. Where do I pay for these?
ASSISTANT: Over at the cash desk/till.
CUSTOMER: And can I pay by cheque / credit card?
ASSISTANT: Yes, of course.
1. What word or phrase is being defined in these sentences?
1. A shop where you can buy fashionable clothes. _____________
2. A place with many shops, either outside or indoors. _____________
3. A person who works in a shop. _____________
4. The place where you can try on clothes in a shop. _____________
5. The place where you pay for things in a shop. _____________
6. To look round the shops without planning to buy anything. _____________
7. The shop where you buy meat. _____________
8. The shop where you buy medicines, baby products, etc. _____________
2. Complete this shopping dialogue.
ASSISTANT 1: Can I help you?
CUSTOMER: Yes, Im _____________
a blouse like this, but in blue.
ASSISTANT 1: I see. And what ____________
are you looking for?
CUSTOMER: Uh, 14 usually.
ASSISTANT 1: Ok, Ill just go and see if weve got any.
CUSTOMER: Thank you. ASSISTANT 2: Can I help you?
CUSTOMER: No, its OK, Im ____________
thanks.
ASSISTANT 1: Here we are. The last one in stock.
CUSTOMER: Great. Can I try it on?
ASSISTANT 1: Yes of course. The ____________ is just over there.
ASSISTANT 1: How was it?
CUSTOMER: Fine. Ill ____________
ASSISTANT: Right. Would you like to pay over there at the _____________?
59
Listening: shopping
Fill in the gaps with the words in the box
Comfortable
for ages
difficult
tasty-looking
Shoes
street
exactly
search
Bought
Pair
take a look
myself
Man: Hey, nice_____________!

Woman: Thanks!
Man: Could do with a ____________like that myself.
Woman: Oh really? Theyre very_____________.
Man: Yeah. Where did you get them?
Woman: Just that place on the high_____________.
Man: On yeah, Ill have to go and _____________sometime.
Man: Hey!
Woman: What?
Man: Ive been looking for that book_____________!
Woman: Really?
Man: Yeah...where did you get it?
Woman: I _____________it online. I just did a _____________and found it, you
know...
Man: Really?
Woman: Yes. Its not that_____________.
Man: Ill have to have a look.
Man: Hey!
Woman: What?
Man: Thats a _____________sandwich!
Woman: Its a tasty-tasting sandwich too...
Man: Where did you er...
Woman: Where did I get it?
Man: Yeah! Thats _____________what I was going to say....!
Woman: I made it_____________.
Man: Oh.
Woman: Here have it!
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/how/how-ask-someone-where-they-got-that?page=4
Writing: shopping habits
Write a short paragraph describing your shopping habits. Use these questions as a
writing guide.
How much of your week is spent shopping?
What are your shopping habits? Do you go alone or with someone else? Do you always
go to the same shops? Do you compare prices? , etc.
Is the internet a good way to buy things? Why/why not?
60
Connectors
Fill in the gaps with the proper connector in the box:
so that
as long as
while
until
as if
1 You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.
2 I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.
3 I came here ______ you could give me an explanation.
4 Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.
5 You look ______ you've seen a ghost.
6 I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.
7 I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.
8 You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.
9 I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.
10 ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's better qualified than Steve.
11 I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.
12 Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.
13 ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.
14 We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.
15 The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.
16 You can write the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the month.
17 It looks ______ the government has got a lot of problems.
18 I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday.
19 ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it.
20 I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job.
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm
61
Speaking and writing: clothes discussion

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Why do we need clothes?

Why do people spend lots of money on clothes?
Who decides which clothes are fashionable?
Do you think clothes are a waste of money?
How long does it take you to decide which clothes to wear?
Is shopping for clothes your favourite kind of shopping?
Do you buy clothes magazines?
Do you ever think other people look good in their clothes but you dont look good
in your clothes?
Were you embarrassed to wear the clothes you wore as a kid?
Why are you wearing the clothes you have on now?

1)
What do clothes tell people about our personalities?
2)
Do you have clothes in your closet that youve never worn?
3)
Do you ever buy used clothes?
4)
Do you have a favourite clothes shop?
5)
What new clothes would you like to buy if you had lots of money?
6)
Are mens clothes or womens clothes best?
7)
Do you always recycle your old clothes or give them to charity?
8)
What do you think of my clothes?
9)
Whats your favourite item of clothing?
10) If you were an item of clothing, what would you be and why?
Adapted from http://www.esldiscussions.com
Writing
Write a short paragraph with your partners opinions
62
Listening and writing: fashion

In this interview with fashion designer Tiffe Coleman you are going to hear some new
words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.
Fashion = Moda.
Designer = / Diseador/a.
Sketch = Dibujar, hacer un bosquejo.
Fabric = Tela, tejido. Silk = Seda
Pattern = Dibujo, patrn, estampado, diseo.
Here is the beginning of the interview. You will hear it three times
Interviewer: Fashion is a competitive business. I wanted to know more about the industry, and
I was lucky enough to have young, successful fashion designer, Tiffe Coleman, with me to tell
me. Tiffe's clothes are fun, colourful and inspired. She met me yesterday, in her black pants, a
white jacket and a red handbag.
Questions
1. When did Tiffe become interested in fashion?
a) When she watched pop and rock programmes on TV.
b) When she was very young.
c) When she first bought a Barbie Doll.
2. When did she start fashion design using the Internet?
a) When she was at school.
b) She started last year.
c) She started in the 1980s.
3. When does she get the ideas for most of her clothes?
a) Lying in bed in the mornings before she gets up.
b) When she is sketching patterns.
c) When she is lying in bed at night.
4. When does she sometimes design a pattern?
a) Before she has had any ideas.
b) After finding a fabric she likes.
c) When she is satisfied.
5. Does she wear the same kind of clothes as the ones that she designs?
a) No, but she would like to.
b) No, but she uses her own ideas and style.
c) No, and she wouldnt like to wear them.
6. When does she do her own shopping for clothes?
a) Practically never: she doesnt have time.
b) She does it in the afternoons.
c) Later in the day than she used to.
7. What kind of people buy their clothes at Top Shop?
a) Most of them are quite rich young people.
b) People who have to be careful of what they spend.
c) People who can easily spend 200 pounds on their clothes.
8. What changes does she make to the clothes for Top Shop?
a) She sometimes uses cheaper fabrics.
b) She puts on different buttons and changes the styles.
63
c) She sometimes uses silk instead of polyester.

9. Which of the following sentences is true? In the fashion industry
a) People, surprisingly, like to help each other.
b) People only want to earn more money.
c) Young designers have no chance to earn money.
10. What are her general impressions about being a fashion designer?
a) There have been many disappointments.
b) She is very positive about her experience.
c) She only likes the money she earns.
PAU Junio 2010
Writing:
Are you fashionable? What do you think about fashion? Do you think there are people
who worry too much about appearance? What do you think about those people?
Watch the video and answer the questions:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fitxofd7kOA
1. Describe the situation
2. How does the boy feel?
3. What would you do?
4. What is being advertised?
64
Speaking and writing: Clothes & Fashion

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
About how much money do you spend on clothes a year?

Do you like shopping for new clothes?
Do you often buy new clothes?
Do you prefer to go shopping or just browse? Why?
Do you think men should be allowed to wear skirts?
What piece of clothing do you spend your money on the most? Why?
Do you read fashion magazines?
Do you sometimes wear a hat?
Do you think it is important to wear fashionable clothes?
o Do you think it is important to be in fashion?
Do you wear jewellery?
o If so, what kind of jewellery do you wear?
o How often do you wear jewellery?
o What is your most valuable piece of jewellery?
Do you wear the same colour clothes now that you wore ten years ago?
Do you wear the same size clothes this year as you wore last year?
Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?
Have you ever made your own clothes?
o If so, what did you make?
o Do you often make your own clothes?
How many pairs of gloves do you have?
What are some of the strangest fashions you have seen?
What colours do you think look good on you?
What colours do you think look good on your mother?
What did you wear yesterday?
What do you think of body piercing?
o Do you have pierced ears?
o Do you know anyone with a pierced nose?
o Would you ever pierce your tongue?
What do you think of people who dye their hair green?
What do you think of women who wear high heel shoes?
o Do you think high heel shoes are bad for a person's health?
What fashions that you see today do you think will be out of fashion within two
years?
What is your shoe size?
What kind of clothes are in fashion now?
What kind of clothes do you usually wear?
What's the most expensive piece of clothing you have ever bought?
What's your favourite colour for shoes?
Where are some good stores to buy clothes in this area?
Where do you usually buy clothes?
Would you like to be a fashion model?
Adapted from
http://iteslj.org/questions/
Write a short paragraph with your partners answers
65

FASHION
Fashion forms a key part of many of our important industries, especially those
involving design, such as cars, computer printers and clothing. In the world of
machines, changes in design often accompany technical improvements.
However, new design in clothing is more commonly motivated by fashion. Differences
in the climate from season to season and the tendency to equate each new year with a
new look provide textiles companies with frequent opportunities to renew their sales.
These marketing opportunities are often realised by associating products with people.
Fashion models are highly paid to provide appropriate images of good health,
comfortable life-styles, success and beauty.
Fashion is usually regarded as fun and provides the focus of many popular magazines.
However, controversy occurs in some instances. The image provided by the fashion
model may shock, it may fail to have any connection with the product itself or it may
endorse a product such as a fur coat which some people find offensive.
Discussion questions:______ask and answer
1. Have you ever bought something because it was fashionable? If so, what?
2. Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things
they do not really need?
3. Is fashion selfish in a world where many people have not got what they need?
4. Do you think fashion models should be used to sell products such as cars?
5. Some fashion models refuse to advertise products involving animal cruelty
such as cosmetics and fur coats. Would you buy such products?
6. Would you like to be a fashion model if you were offered the opportunity?
7. Is your country famous for any fashion products? Which ones? How are they
marketed?
8. Which countries have the best and worst fashions in clothes?
9. Which products advertised on TV in Britain/USA/Australia and in your country
represent (a) womens fashion (b) mens fashion ?
66
FASHION
67
Reading and writing
The secret of IKEA's success

If you shop at IKEA, you are no doubt familiar with the problem and frustration of
assembling its flat-pack furniture at home. Millions of customers face it, for two
reasons: IKEA's products are stylish and they are very, very cheap.
Ever since Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in 1943, the company has tried to allow
people with limited means to furnish their houses like rich people.
He is one of the world's wealthiest men with a fortune estimated at $23bn, yet he drives
a 15- year-old car, flies economy class and encourages the thousands of staff in his
global empire to use both sides of company notepaper when writing letters.
The company's name is made up of the initials of Mr Kamprad's name, the name of the
family farm, Elmtaryd, and the nearby village of Agunnard.
IKEA presents itself as a green company with a social mission. One of its executives
shows off its charitable work and its aim to use only renewable energy. He says he
wants his co-workers to be happy, honest and inclined to think for themselves. He is
proud that 40% of the companys 200 top managers are women.
The secret has less to do with Ikea and more to do with the customers. Ikea customers
do more than purchase Ikea products, they identify with the culture and authenticity that
Ikea has attached to its products. While Ikea is known for bringing low-cost products to
consumers, its mission statement focuses on improving customers' lives by bringing
them good quality at good value.
The customer gets the pencil, fills out the piece of paper and puts the product together.
The customer is creating much of the value of the experience. They feel like they're part
of the organization. Ikea was one of the first firms to recognize that.
Comprehension exercises:
a - Ingvar Kamprad:
1. wants his staff members not to use paper when writing letters.
2. is very fond of sports cars.
3. used part of his name to create the name IKEA.
b - According to the text :
1. More than a half of top managers are men.
2. Millions of clients feel frustrated when they go to IKEA.
3. IKEA has a socialist mission.
c - IKEA is worried about environment (Answer True or False AND write the
sentence supporting this idea).
d- One of the main objectives of IKEA is to make the life of its clients better and
cheaper. (Answer True or False AND write the sentence supporting this idea).
Write a composition of about 100 -150 words on the following topic (3 points):
It is important to take into consideration the environment when we buy something
Adapted from Universidad de la Rioja PAU Junio 2012
68
Speaking and writing: Role play

Write a dialogue about this topic: a spontaneous gift
A: Present B with an unsolicited gift.

B: You do not feel comfortable accepting the gift.
A ________________________________________________________________
B _________________________________________________________________
A__________________________________________________________________
B ___________________________________________________________________
A __________________________________________________________________
B_____________________________________________________________________

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osU_pHjYGUY
1. What is the man doing?
2. Who calls?
3. What does she ask?
4. What does he answer?
5. How does the ad finish?
6. What is being advertised?
69

Modern family 3
00:00:25,976 --> 00:00:27,703
- Dylan.
-- Hey, Mrs. Dunphy.
- I'm just waiting for Haley.
--- Did you ring the bell?
00:02:33,098 --> 00:02:35,571
- Wait, what are you doing?
It'll just take a second.
Yeah, which is where we buy diapers.
I texted.
- We're gonna buy some diapers.(paales)

-This is Costco.
00:04:15,766 --> 00:04:17,923

Manny brought his favorite game to play with Luke. It's called "Empire."
00:06:19,556 --> 00:06:22,286
I know what your thing is. Your thing is to provoke,
00:09:15,929 --> 00:09:17,079
You seem sad.
Ugh, kids.
00:12:17,142 --> 00:12:19,293
- I told you to stay still.
- It's just stuff with Alex. You know, kid stuff.
- I didn't move!
00:12:38,140 --> 00:12:40,903

Maybe Alex doesn't want to compete with her big sister. Maybe she's trying to create
her own identity. Put her in a dress and she disappears.
- For one afternoon.
-I wouldn't give up being myself for even one second.
00:13:51,096 --> 00:13:53,385
So, anyways, after charades, we went out for coffee,
00:15:06,101 --> 00:15:08,196
I'm not pretty like Haley and you.
- I'm not. But that's okay.
- That's ridiculous! You're beautiful!
00:15:39,196 --> 00:15:40,979

So, you ever kiss another girl?
00:16:02,778 --> 00:16:05,443
Alex, I've been thinking, and...
00:19:25,964 --> 00:19:28,684
- What's going on?
- There was a little accident, but Jay's telling Phil how much he loves him. Well, that's
nice for Phil.
00:20:40,704 --> 00:20:42,565
But just for a few times. I didn't want to mess with his head.
70
UNIT 4 Relationships
Social Networks
Do the names MySpace, Facebook, Orkut, etc. ring a bell? They probably do because
they are some of the most popular sites on the internet today. These sites are all called
'social networking' sites because they help people meet and discuss things online. Each
of these social networking sites has its own strengths: MySpace is especially popular
among teenagers, Facebook is popular with college age people, Orkut is especially
loved in Brazil, and CyWorld is the site to visit in South Korea. The common thread
between all of these social networks is that they provide a place for people to interact,
rather than a place to go to read or listen to 'content'.
Web 2.0
Social networks are considered to be web 2.0. What does this mean? To understand this,
it's important to understand what the original web did (often called web 1.0). Back in
the nineties, the internet - or web - was a place to go to read articles, listen to music, get
information, etc. Most people didn't contribute to the sites. They just 'browsed' the sites
and took advantage of the information or resources provided. Of course, some people
did create their own sites. However, creating a site was difficult. You needed to know
basic HTML coding (the original language the internet uses to 'code' pages). It certainly
wasn't something most people wanted to do as it could take hours to get a basic page
just right. Things began to get easier when blogs (from web log) were introduced. With
blogs, many more people began writing 'posts', as well as commenting on other people's
blogs.
MySpace Surprises Everybody
In 2003 a site named MySpace took the internet by storm. It was trying to mimic the
most popular features of Friendster, the first social networking site. It quickly became
popular among young users and the rest was history. Soon everyone was trying to
develop a social networking site. The sites didn't provide 'content' to people, they helped
people create, communicate and share what they loved including music, images and
videos. They key to the success of these sites is that they provide a platform on which
users create the content. This is very different from the beginning of the internet which
focused on providing 'content' for people to enjoy.
Key to Success
Relying on users to create content is the key to the success of web 2.0 companies.
Besides the social networking sites discussed here, other huge success stories include:
Wikipedia, Digg.com and the latest success - Twitter. All of these companies rely on the
desire of users to communicate with each other, thereby creating the 'content' that others
want to consume.
71
Words or expressions you have to learn

1. social network ______________
2. to ring a bell ______________
3. site ______________
4. strength weakness ______________
5. common thread ______________
6. to interact ______________
7. content ______________
8. to browse a site ______________
9. code / coding ______________
10. blog - web log ______________
11. post ______________
12. to comment on ______________
13. to take by storm ______________
14. to mimic ______________
15. the rest was history ______________
16. platform ______________
Q: Which social networking site was not mentioned in the reading?
MySpace
LinkedIn
Facebook
Q: What is Facebook?
A blog
A content site
A social networking site
Q: Where is Orkut especially popular?
In Japan
In South Korea
In Brazil
Q: Which phrase best describes what people do at social networking sites?
They interact with other people.
They browse articles and other content.
They code pages in HTML.
Q: Social networks are considered:
Web 1.0 sites
Web 2.0 sites
Web blogs
72
Q: What was the original web mainly used for?

Interacting with other people
Browsing content
Creating pages in HTML
Q: Why didn't many people create web pages in the beginning?
They didn't like communicating with others.
They didn't feel comfortable coding HTML pages.
They didn't know they could create web pages.
Q: Which is the best description of web 2.0 sites?
They are content driven sites.
They are platforms for interaction.
They are like blogs, but better.
Q: What do web 2.0 sites rely on?
Articles written by professional journalists
Users creating content
Fast internet connections
Q: What is most important for these new sites?
Users' desire to communicate with each other
Users' desire to read interesting content written by professionals
Users' desire to learn coding
Adapted from http://esl.about.com/od/readingintermediate/a/r_social.htm
Writing:
Do you use the social networks? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
73
Vocabulary: relationships and feelings

1. What nouns can be formed from these adjectives?
angry ____________
sad _____________
happy _____________
proud _____________
jealous_____________
embarrassed _____________
2. Find the logical ending on the right for each of the sentence beginnings
on the left.
Fie was very proud when
a someone stole his money.
He was very jealous when
b his father appeared on TV with the Prime

Minister.
He was very embarrassed when
c he heard that his aunt had died.
He was very angry when
d he saw those big dogs running towards him.
He was very sad when
e he bought her a birthday present on the wrong

day.
He was very frightened when
f his best friend went out with the girl he really

liked.
3. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

1. Would you feel embarrassed or upset (or both) if you forgot your mothers
birthday or your fathers birthday?
2. Do you ever feel frightened in a car (as a passenger) because you are going very
fast?
3. Do you get angry when other people want you to do things that you dont want
to do?
4. If you made a stupid mistake in English, would you feel embarrassed?
5. Is there any one thing that you are very proud of?
6. Are there any common situations where you sometimes feel embarrassed?
4. Organise these words into pairs of opposites and write them below.
mean
hard-working
stupid
clever
tense
miserable
nice
cheerful
lazy
generous
relaxed
unpleasant
Positive _____________________________________________________
Negative ____________________________________________________
74
5. What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need three
different prefixes.)
kind _____________
flexible _____________
friendly _____________
honest _____________
reliable _____________
ambitious_____________
pleasant _____________
sensitive_____________
6. How would you describe the person in each of these descriptions?

1. He never bought me a drink all the time we were together. _____________
2. I have to tell her what to do every minute of the working day. She wouldnt even
open a window without someones permission. _____________
3. He often promises to do things but half the time he forgets. _____________
4. Shes always here on time. _____________
5. I dont think hes done any work since hes been here. _____________
6. She finds it difficult to meet people and talk to strangers. _____________
7. He could work in any of the departments, and it doesnt matter to him if hes on
his own or part of a team _____________
8. One of the great things about her is that she is so(aware onwhat other people
think or feel. _____________
9. Bob, on the other hand, is the complete opposite. He is always making people
angry or upset because he just doesnt consider their feelings. _____________
10. The other thing about Bob is that he really wants to get the supervisors job and
then become boss for the whole department. _____________
Adapted from Stuart Redman English Vocabulary in Use
Writing:
Write a short paragraph describing your best friend, the aspects of his/her personality
you like best or you dislike most
75
Grammar
GRAMMAR BASICS
THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
FORMS: There are four main types of conditional sentences
1. First Conditional: If I see
(FUTURE) him your
(PRESENT) Andrew
at the meeting, I ll give
message
2. Second Conditional: If my parents were (SIMPLE PAST) alive,

they would be (WOULD + INFINITIVE) proud of me.
3. Third Conditional: If she had worked (PAST PERFECT) harder,
she would have passed (WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE) the exam
4. Zero conditional: If I get up (SIMPLE PRESENT) early, I work
(SIMPLE PRESENT) better
1. The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put

the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible.
If it had been (be) a nice day, we would have gone (go) for a picnic.
1. Why dont you explain everything to him? If you _____________ (not tell) him the
truth, Im sure you _____________(regret) it one day.
2. Jennifer was here not long ago. If you _____________ (come round) earlier, you
_____________ (see) her.
3. Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town. If that
____________(happen), the town ____________ (lose) a great deal of money.
4. I_____________ (help) you with it if I _____________ (have) more time, but Im
afraid I havent got any spare time at all at the moment.
5. The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it _____________ (lose),
the Prime Minister _____________ (resign) from politics.
6. I am so glad that you took me to your friends party. If we _____________ (not go)
there, I _____________ (never meet) Adrian.
7. Its ridiculous that trains are so expensive. If fares _____________ (be) cheaper, Im
sure more people _____________ (use) the train and leave their cars at home.
76
8. If she _____________ (get) that job shes applied for, she _____________ (be)
delighted . And I think shes got a good chance of getting it.
9. Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty. It
____________ (be) a disaster if it _____________ (happen) in the middle of the day.
10. The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down. If they _____________
(break down) again, it is possible that there _____________ (be) a war between the two
countries.
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form

Oh dear, I think were a bit late. If the concerts already started, we wont be allowed
(not be allowed) to go in.
1. He wouldnt be coming here if he ____________
(not want) to.
2. If you were planning to leave your husband, I ____________ (advise) you against it.
3. He could be earning lots of money now if he really ____________(want) to, but I dont
think thats what he wants.
4. You can stay here tonight if you _____________ (not have) anywhere else to stay.
5. If I could have phoned you, I ____________ (tell) you what was happening.
6. If you ____________(have) any problems, give me a ring.
7. We could have got there in time if you _____________ (phone) us earlier.
8. If this should happen again, _____________ (come) and _____________ (tell) me
about it immediately.
9. You cant expect kindness and support from your family if you _____________ (not
give) the same to them.
10. If shes been working all day, she _____________ (be) very tired when she gets in.
11. If the management were to reinstate the strike leader, the strike _____________ (be
called off).
12. If I _____________(keep) working on this essay, Ill have finished it by tonight.
13. If I could borrow some money, I _____________ (definitely come) on the holiday with
you, but I think its unlikely.
14. I might have been able to help you if you _____________ (explain) the problem to me.
15. If I could live wherever I wanted to, I think I _____________ (choose) to live on a
Scottish island.
77
3. Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences in

your notebook
1 If you had told me about this problem A he probably wont be at the meeting.
earlier,
2 If you were a more sensitive person,
B you could always ring them up.
3 If they dont contact you soon,\
C his wife would never have left him.
4 If he hadnt died so young,
D you wouldnt have said that to her.
5 If he didnt work so hard all the time

6 If the train hadnt been delayed,
E I would have had them by now.

F everything would be all right now.
7 If he was feeling ill this morning,
G would you hurry up and get ready?
8 If youre coming with us,
H you wouldnt be so busy this month.
9 If I really wanted to have children,
I we would be there by now.
10 If you had worked harder last month, J Im sure hed be a famous musician by now
GRAMMAR BASICS
WISH CLAUSES
Wish + past simple: to express dissatisfaction with a present situation
I wish she didnt (but she does) / I wish she did ( but she doesnt)
Wish + would: To express dissatisfaction and annoyance about something that we
would like to be different but that we do not expect to be different.
I wish it would stop raining (but it wont, I dont think it will)
Wish + past perfect: to express regrets about the past
I wish I had studied harder (but I didnt and now I regret it)
Rewrite
I havent got a car. I would very much like to have one.
I wish I had a car.
I went to bed late last night. I regret it now.
I wish I hadnt gone to bed late last night.
1.
We dont live in a nice big flat. I would like us to.
2.
I didnt buy that dress. I regret it now.
3.
He wont stop shouting. I would like him to
4.
I lost my temper I regret it now.
78
5.
You didnt tell me the truth. I am very sorry that you didnt.
6.
Youre playing that music. I would like you to stop playing it but I dont expect
that you will.

7.
I didnt go to that concert. I regret it now.
8.
I dont have an interesting job. I would like my job to be more interesting.
9.
My family live a long way from here. I would like them to live nearer to me.
10.
Youre not listening to me. I feel annoyed about it and I would like you to listen
to me but I dont think you will.

11.
I am not with him now. I would very much like to be.
12.
I spent all my money on that new coat. I regret it now.
13.
Im really hungry now. We didnt eat before we came out and I regret that.
Adapted from English Vocabulary in Use
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
1. Match words from the box on the left with words from the box on the right
to form 12 compound
compound adjectives.
good
well
easy
ten
brand
part
first
north
short
badly
left
second
new
written
looking
hand
going
time
known
class
sleeved
handed
east
pound
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
79
2. Complete the compound adjectives in these sentences.

sentences.
1. They were both wearing shor- ____________
shirts.
2. We stayed in a five- ____________ hotel.
3. There is a shop in London which sells things for left-____________ people.
4. Hes just bought a brand- ____________
car.
5. The airport is about ten miles south- ____________of the city centre.
6. One little girl was very badly- ____________; she kept shouting during lunch
and then threw food all over the floor.
7. Shes just got a ____________-time job; she works three hours a day on
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
8. It was a very badly- ____________ article: I noticed several punctuation
mistakes and lots of spelling mistakes.
9. Theyre very well- ____________, so they can afford to go to expensive bars.
10. Its a twenty- ____________ walk to the house, but it takes much less than that
in the car.
11. Shes got a little stall in the market where she sells second-
things.
12. When I saw her last night, she was dancing with a very good-
young man in
a white suit.
13. I was astonished when the man at the next table gave the waiter a ten_____________ note as a tip.
14. Have you ever met a well- ____________ actor or politician?
15. I had a nice time with my cousin - hes good company and very easy- ________
jtom09.files.wordpress.com/
PREPOSITIONS
Finish these questions with the correct preposition, then write a short answer for
each one.
1. What exactly is she worried ____________?
2. What subjects is she good___________
3. Who is she waiting ____________ ?

4. What job is she applying ____________
5. What programme is she listening _____________ ?

6. What did she complain ____________
7. What did she apologise ____________
8. Who does this car belong _____________ ?
80
9. I know she was angry but who was she shouting ____________ ?
10. What kind of films is she interested _____________
11. What will the decision depend ____________?

12. What is she afraid ____________?
Connectors practice
Fill in the gaps with the proper connector in the box
So
so that
although
when
since
1 I need an office to myself ______ I can get some work done.

2 Write it down ______ you don't forget.
3 I need to get to work early ______ I can finish the report before the meeting.
4 I'll tell her ______ I see her.
5 ______ you left, the atmosphere in the office has not been as nice.
6______ he was the best qualified candidate, he didn't get the job.
7 He is learning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job.
8 ______ you think of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous that
he was chosen.
9 I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced.
10 ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call.
11 ______ you already know Mary, you should go to meet her at the airport.
12 ______ we would like to open a branch in Oxford now, we will probably wait for
another year or so.
13 The job is badly paid ______ I'm looking for another one.
14 I hate living in London ______ I'm moving to the country.
15 I don't know him very well, ______ I have met him socially on a couple of times.
16 I don't know ______ I'll be back.
17 I haven't seen her ______ last Summer.
18 ______ we have so much to do, let's delay discussing this until our next meeting.
19 We're not making much profit ______ we need to raise our prices.
20 The exercise was boring ______ I stopped
Adapted from http://www.better-english.com/grammar/con2.htm
81
Reading and writing

Worth Working For
Paola and Imran have been married for 8 years. They have had many good times
together. They have travelled the world together. They have two little girls together.
They have started a chocolate business together.
Lately, Paola and Imran have been fighting a lot. Business at the chocolate store is slow.
Imran thinks it is Paolas fault. They are having trouble with money. Paola thinks Imran
spends too much.
One evening, Paola decides to visit her mom for advice. Paola knocks on her moms
door. Paolas mom is happy. It is a surprise visit. She quickly sees, however, that
something is wrong.
Paola looks sad and tired. Paola, what is the matter? Mom asks. Paola tells her mom
all that is going on.
Mom smiles gently. She rubs Paolas back. Then she tells Paola a story.
Your father and I have a wonderful marriage. But we dont always get along. There
was a time when things were very bad between us. We fought all the time. You were
just a little girl. One day we watched you playing on the floor. We knew we wanted to
make our marriage work. We loved you very much. We loved each other very much.
We knew we had to work harder on our marriage.
What did you do? asks Paola.
We agreed to talk more. We planned a special night each week for the two of us. We
went to see someone who helps people with their marriages, Mom says. It was worth
it. I cant imagine not having your father in my life.
Paola begins to feel better. You are right, she says. What Imran and I have is worth
working for.
1) Why does Paola want to see her mom?
A. to have dinner
B. to get advice
C. to have a laugh
D. to see how she is doing
2) Where does the talk take place?
A. at Mom's house
B. at a restaurant
C. at Paola's house
D. at the chocolate store
3) What good times have Paola and Imran had?
Check all that are correct.
A. They have travelled the world.
B. They have had two children.
C. They have built a house.
D. They have started a business
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4) How long have Imran and Paola been married?

5)Why does Mom seem to know how Paola feels?
A. She is a good guesser.
B. She has been told by Imran
C. She and Paola have discussed this problem before
D. She has experienced the same problem before in her own marriage
6 )What advice does Mom give Paola? Check all that are correct.
A. Give up.
B. Talk to each other.
C. Work hard.
D. Tell the children.
7) How does Paola feel at the end of the talk with her Mom?
A. sad
B. better
C. grim
D. stupid
8)What kind of relationship does Paola seem to have with her Mom?
Check all that are correct.
A. open
B. tense
C. angry
D. loving
9) What does the reader NOT learn in this story?
A. what Imran has to say
B. why Paola visits her mom
C. how many kids Paola and Miran have
D. what kind of business Paola and Imran have
10) What lesson does Paola learn?
A. Two children is too many.
B. Marriage should be easy.
C. Eight years of marriage is too long.
D. Even a good marriage can sometimes be hard work.
Adapted from http://readtheory.org/intermediate/Worth_Working_For.htm
Writing: what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a

boyfriend/girlfriend?
83
Speaking and writing:

FRIENDS DISCUSSION
1)
What do friends mean to you?
2)
What makes a friend a best friend?
3)
What makes you a good friend?
4)
Is it easy for you to make friends?
5)
Do you have any particularly close friends?
6)
Do you stay in touch with all of the friends youve made?
7)
Which long-lost friend would you like to see again?
8)
Is there a difference in friendship between your male friends and female friends?
9)
What would life be like without friends?
10)
Do you ever worry about losing your friends?

1)
Are friends sometimes more important than family?
2)
Do you agree with the expression a friend in need is a friend in deed?
3)
How similar are you to your friends?
4)
Do you think you have a special understanding with your friends?
5)
At which stages of life is it easier to make friends?
6)
Are your childhood friends those you have strongest bonds with?
7)
Whats the nicest thing youve ever done for your friends?
8)
How often do you fall out with your friends?
9)
If you could choose any friend in the world, who would it be?
10)
What is the most valuable thing you have to offer as a friend?

http://www.esldiscussions.com
Writing:. What are your partners ideas?
84
Reading and writing:
AMISH LIFESTYLE
Amish, often referred to as plain people, maintain a very distinct lifestyle. They use few
modern conveniences and keep a horse and buggy as their means of conveyance.
Buggies are a common sight in Lancaster as they clip-clop down country roads as well
as more travelled routes.
Amish easily are identified by their manner of dress, which, they feel, is a symbol of
their separation from the world and a constant reminder of their commitment to God
and their religion.
Men and boys wear dark suits, coats without lapels, pastel-coloured shirts, a straw or
black broad-brimmed hat and black shoes. Women wear skirts with long sleeves and
high necks topped off with caps and white or black aprons. They also wear select pastel
colours. Wire hook-and-eye fasteners, straight pins and velcro are used as fasteners.
Women and men do not wear jewellery or embellishments such as buttons (although,
some buttons are worn on winter coats) on their clothes in order to maintain humility
and disavow anything that might gain them recognition, such as distinctive dress.
Likewise, Amish do not style thir hair, wear makeup, manufactured clothing or anything
to alter Gods creation.
Black is the dominating colour for Amish life but, ironically, Amish are buried in white.
Married men wear a beard. Mustaches are taboo since they were once associated with
military officers and Amish are pacifists. Men keep their hair trimmed in a single layer,
unparted cut that dips to the earlobe on the sides and above the collar in the back of the
head.
Intelligencer Journal
Sunday 21/12/97
QUESTIONS
1. Match the following words to the definitions.
Fastener (9) Conveyance(2)
Commitment(5)
Disavow(11)
_______________: Strong belief in an idea or system, especially when it is shown by

your actions and behaviour.
_______________: Vehicle.
_______________: When you say that you are not connected with it or responsible for
it.
_______________: Device such as a button or a zip or safety pin that fastens
something, especially clothing.
85
2. Asnwer the following questions

a. Why are Amish referred to as plain people?
b. When do Amish people wear clothes in white?
c. Why do they not wear luxurious things?
2. Are the following statements True or False?
a. Amish people never wear buttons
b. Every men wears a beard
3. Composition. Write about the advantages of technology in our daily life
86
Water commercial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ez9mySrjrk
First clip (up to 22 seconds)

What colour is the horse?
What does the woman say?
How is the woman dressed?
Why does the man go back to the horse?
What do you think is going to happen?
Second clip (up to the end)

What is the woman doing in the mans imagination of the future?
Who is getting out of the bathroom? What does she have in her hand?
What is the man doing?
How many children are there?
How does the story finish?
What is being advertised?
Writing: why do think he left?
87

MARRIAGE
Britain has one of the highest marriage and divorce rates in Western Europe. The
average age for first marriages is now approximately 28 for men and 26 for women.
Nearly 40% of British marriages are remarriages where one or both partners have
already been divorced. The average age when divorces occur is about 39 for men and 36
for women. For the Anglican and Catholic churches, marriage is for life, but for
between one third and a half of British husbands and wives, marriage is for about ten
years.
Nearly a third of British babies are born outside marriage and about half of these are
born to couples with stable relationships living at the same address. Attitudes towards
different kinds of relationships have become far more liberal in Britain in recent
decades. Cohabitation has become far more acceptable and some ministers of the
Church of England are even prepared to marry people who have already been divorced.
Many couples appreciate the atmosphere and symbolism of a church wedding, though
others prefer the simplicity and honesty of a registry office. In other words, they attach
little or no importance to the religious aspect of marriage, although they may still want
a legal contract.
1. Are you for or against trial marriages i.e. living together outside marriage to test your
compatibility?
2. Do you think that marriage should be for life? Should divorce be made easier or
more difficult?
3. Why do you think that the divorce rate has become so high in Britain and many other
countries?
4. Is it better to marry someone of the same educational, social, cultural and racial
background?
5. Is it better to marry someone of approximately the same age? Should the man be
older than the woman?
6. How important is the religious aspect of marriage to you? Which aspects are more
important, if any?
7. Should it be legal to marry more than one partner at the same time?
8. Should it be legal to marry someone of the same sex? Should marriages between gay
and lesbian partners be recognised by the church?
88
_MARRIAGE
89
Listening and writing:

Letters
In these letters from girls to a magazine, and the magazines answers, you are going to
hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.
Marriage = matrimonio
Drug = droga
Success = xito
Teeth = / dientes
Here is the beginning of letter number 1:
Dear Moira:
Im going out with a married man. Hes only two years older than I am, but he has a
daughter and has been married since April of this year. He means everything to me.
How do I deal with the situation?
Mary, 17
Questions
1. Letter 1. Which of the following is true?
This situation will probably have a happy ending.
There is no chance of a happy ending to this situation.
There are some easy ways of solving the situation.
2. Letter 1. Who has had a daughter?
Its Mary who has had a daughter.
Mary and the man have had a daughter.
The man has had a daughter with his wife.
The man takes drugs.
The man uses her like a drug.
The girl and the man take drugs.
4. Letter 1. In the future, Moira says Mary ...
will find another man.
will insult this man.
will marry this man.
5. Letter 2. Why does Roxy feel bad?
She hates her teeth.
She hates boys.
Boys hate her.
6. Letter 2. What does Moira tell her to do?
She must go to the orthodontist.
She can look at different options.
She should change her teeth.
The fashion photographer liked Moiras teeth very much.
The fashion photographer hated Madonnas teeth.
90
The fashion photographer hated Roxys teeth.

8. Letter 2. Did Moira go to the orthodontist?
Yes, when she was at the high school.
No, she didnt.
Yes, when she was working at a fashion magazine.
9. Letter 2. What does Moira
s husband think about her teeth?
They are like everyone elses teeth.
They are his favourite part of her face.
He doesnt like them much.
10. Letter 2. In the future Roxy ...
should be more confident about herself.
should forget about boys.
should be interested in having perfect teeth.
PAU Septiembre 2009
Writing:
Your friend has just been left by his/her fianc. He/she is very sad. Write a letter to
cheer your friend up.
91

Mass media
Actor Robert Redford says documentaries have replaced newspapers as the media's
main source of investigative journalism. The movie star, who played Watergate reporter
Bob Woodward in "All The President's Men", said newspaper standards were in "steep
decline". "That's why documentaries have become so important," he told the BBC.
"They are probably a better form of truth," Redford is bringing several documentaries to
the inaugural Sundance London film festival in April The three-day event, which is
being held the 02 arena, will promote some of the films seen at the event's regular
home, in Utah, this January, Launched in 1978, Sundance is a showcase for independent
cinema and has helped launch the careers of directors such as Steven Soderbergh and
Quentin Tarantino. It debuted two years after "All The Presidents Men", which showed
how two reporters at the Washington Post broke the story of the Watergate scandal,
leading directly to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. In an extended interview
with BBC Arts Editor Will Gompertz, Redford said the revelations had marked a "high
point" for US newspapers. "I came in when journalism had reached an climax of
morality and professionalism, and I was very lucky," he said.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17534932
Answer these questions using your own words:

In what way have documentaries replaced newspapers?
What is the importance of the Sundance London film festival according to the text?
What marked a "high" point for US newspapers according to Redford?
Write a for and against composition on:

Information on Television, is it reliable?
92

Modern Family 4
00:00:34,958 --> 00:00:36,959
Why aren't they trying to hurt each other?
00:01:21,972 --> 00:01:22,905
Hi, honey.
Hi. I-I didn't know you were in town. You didn't call.
00:03:04,474 --> 00:03:07,776
In a tiny, little office of a judge in colombia.
00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:06,635
Then it was gross.
00:07:33,318 --> 00:07:37,921
I just can't give myself to him sexually.
- Okay, mom.
Did not see that coming.
Oh, don't get me wrong. We satisfy each other down there. -Yeah, don't want to...
00:08:35,180 --> 00:08:36,647
Hey.
- Hey.
Boy [clears throat] Things with your mom got pretty intense down there, huh?
All like east coast/west coast. You feelin' me?
00:10:02,767 --> 00:10:04,368
So, do you -- do you remember How mom gave up a career to raise us?
Promising career.
Oh, god.
- Claire?
- Mom.
- Why so long?
-Mm, I know.
00:12:17,068 --> 00:12:20,537
Dylan is no Ricky.
- Ricky -- ricky was a poet.
00:14:58,596 --> 00:15:00,797

And I'm not going to like it one bit.
No, that's great.
00:16:26,417 --> 00:16:28,218
Which is why this is a terrible idea by you!
-Okay, that's just great.

- So it's all up to me.
. Jay, manny, let's go.
00:18:48,759 --> 00:18:50,327

But it's -- it's not just that. It's that she's got this killer confidence -You know, the kind of confidence That you get from having a family like this,
00:20:29,994 --> 00:20:31,561
* maybe that would heal you *
93
UNIT 5 TOURISM
A tour of London street survival

On a typical London walking tour, you dont expect to hear about buildings that are
used as brothels, places that are squats for homeless people and doorways that are
considered great places to sleep - but this was no ordinary visit.
Our guide Vinny (who didnt give his surname) was leading an Unseen Tour of
Mayfair, Londons most exclusive neighbourhood. Unlike most of the surrounding
population, he literally lived on these streets for years, and in a little over an hour he
showed us a very different side to Mayfairs glamour.
The Unseen Tours of London are coordinated by the Sock Mob, a network of volunteers
working with Londons homeless population, and led by trained guides who are or have
been homeless. Each guide takes groups around their district of London and mixes
personal stories of life on the street with interesting anecdotes and trivia about the
neighbourhood.
I thought I knew Mayfair well but Vinny shared many stories with our group that were
both surprising and entertaining. He took us to what is reputed to be Londons most
haunted house (in the lavish surroundings of Berkeley Square), he told us about the
worlds first telephone call, which was made from Browns Hotel, and just off Bond
Street he pointed out a little-known piece of graffiti by Britains most celebrated street
artist, Banksy. But it was Vinnys insights into the world of the homeless that really
struck a chord. He stopped at a few of the many empty buildings (there are around
100,000 in London) that homeless people try to enter in the winter months to survive
the cold nights. He also shared his own experiences of life on the street; it was
particularly distressing to hear about the occasional abuse he suffered from passers by.
While Unseen Tours offer valuable employment to the guides, there are far more
reasons to support the enterprise than merely helping a good cause. By sharing these
stories of survival, the guides offer visitors a chance to experience the city from a very
unusual perspective. Having seen the brothels next door to the fancy restaurants and the
squatters homes alongside the millionaires mansions, I for one, will never see Mayfair
through the same eyes again.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120627-a-tour-of-london-street-survival
94
Exercises:
1. 25 words or expressions you need to know:
1. brothel _____________
2. squats _____________
3. homeless _____________
4. doorways _____________
5. neighbourhood _____________
6. Unlike ____________
7. entertaining _____________
8. haunted ____________
9. lavish ____________
10. insight ____________
11. strike a chord ____________
12. empty ____________
13. share ____________
14. own ____________
15. particularly ____________
16. distressing ____________
17. occasional ____________
18. abuse ____________
19. passers by _____________
20. far more _____________
21. support _____________
22. enterprise _____________
23. merely _____________
24. chance ____________
25. fancy ____________
2. Express with your own words what street survival means
95
3. Answer these questions:

1. What do you hear you dont expect?
2. How long does the tour last?
3. What is the Sock Mob?
4. Why are the touring guides different?
5. Who is Banksy?
6. What was really moving about Vinny?
7. What happened to Vinny from time to time?
8. What is the main purpose of the Unseen Tours?
9. What do the guides share?
10. Why will the authors view of London change?
4. Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)?
1. ______ There is a bus that takes tourists around London
2. ______ The author prefers not to say Vinnys surname
3. _____ All the guides are homeless and untrained
4. _____ The surroundings of Berkeley Square are a poor neighbourhood
5. _____ All the guides are Sock Mob volunteers
5. Writing
Have you ever seen a homeless in your town? What do you think should be done?
96
Grammar
GRAMMAR BASICS
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
The family who live next door moved here from Ireland.
Who live next door is a defining relative clause, because it informs us which family
moved to Ireland.
The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause
That is the woman who/that I met in Paris
For people
For things
Subject
Object
Possessive
who/that
that/which
no Dronoun/who/that
no pronoun/that/which
whose
1. Join the two sentences together, making the second sentence a

defining relative clause
1. I dont like the people. They are staying with the Browns.
2. I like books. They make you think about things.
3. Im looking for the person. Ive just hit their car.
4. Most of the books are still popular today. I read them as a child.
5. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high
street.
6. The woman is coming back to work soon. Im doing her job.
7. Is she the new television presenter? Everyones talking about her.
8. People have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure
time.
9. Is Technico the company? Sarah works for them.
10. This is the job. Ive always wanted it.
11. The swimming pool is only open to the public in the mornings. I use it.
97
12. Weve just bought a computer package. It teaches you how to play the piano
13. My favourite holiday was that one. We spent it in a cottage in the mountains
14. We havent seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this
weekend
GRAMMAR BASICS
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
The boy who lives next door is having a party tonight.
The underlined clause is a defining relative clause. It tells us which boy is being talked
about.
There are no commas before and after a defining relative clause.
Darren, who lives next door, is having a party tonight.
The underlined clause is a non-defining relative clause. It does not tell us which boy we
are talking about; we already know that from the name. It gives us extra information
about Darren.
A non-defining relative clause in the middle of a sentence has a comma before and after
it. A non-defining relative clause at the end of a sentence has a comma before it and a full
stop at the end.
The relative pronoun cant be omitted
1. Rewrite these sentences making the second sentence into a nondefining relative clause and putting it into the correct place.
When I was in town, I met your sister. She was shopping for some clothes.
When I was in town, I met your sister, who was shopping for some clothes.
1. Their house needs a lot of work doing to it. It is near the beach.
2. Sandras just got a new job with Capital Insurers. Its a much better company
than the last one she worked for.
3. The new manager seems to be a very capable woman. I met her last week.
4. This case is full of books. I carried it all the way from the station.
5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done
business with them for many years.
98
6. The hospital has handed out redundancy notices to all its staff. It is due to close
down next year.
7. The prisoners are requesting more time out of their cells. Their families are
campaigning on their behalf.
8. The new government is now facing major problems. It came to power with a lot
of public support.
9. Her latest novel is really good. I read it on holiday.
10. The Home Affairs Minister is suspected of being involved in a financial scandal.
The opposition have accused the minister of lying.
11. The Education Department is changing its policy on single sex schools. Mrs
Parkinson is in charge of the department.
12. The Lilley and Swan department store has made reductions on most of its goods.
The store has a sale on at the moment.
13. The principal actor could hardly speak last night due to a sore throat. He
normally has a wonderful voice.
14. The sales manager is planning a new advertising campaign. I support her ideas.
2. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence, using a relative clause

with when, where or why.
1. The early morning is the time. I work best then.
2. The early morning is (the time) when I work best.
3. His mid-teens were the time. He first became interested in politics then.
4. His dishonesty is the reason. Thats why I left him.
5. Edinburgh is the city. Id most like to live there.
6. The outdoor swimming pool has now been closed down. We often went there as
children.
99
7. This is a picture of the place. Were going there for our holidays.
8. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. Thats why she is so angry with
him.
9. This is the place. I fell off my bike here.
10. The people I work with are the reason. Thats why I stay in the job.
Vocabulary: tourism
1. Put these sentences in a logical order.
I paid my bill.
I checked in at reception.
I left the hotel.
I went up to my room.
I spent the night in the hotel.
I had an early morning call at seven oclock.
I booked a room at the hotel.
I went out for dinner in a local restaurant.
I arrived at the hotel.
I got up and had a shower.
I had breakfast.
I tipped the porter who carried my luggage upstairs.
2. What would you say in these situations?

You want to stay in a hotel for two nights next week with your husband/wife. You
phone the hotel. What do you ask or say?
You are at the hotel reception and you are planning to leave in about 15 minutes. What
could you ask the receptionist?
You want to wake up at 7 a.m. but you dont have an alarm clock. What do you ask at
reception?
You have a drink in the hotel bar. The barman asks how you want to pay. Whats your
reply?
100
When you turn on the shower in your room, the water comes out very, very slowly.
What could you say at reception?
You want to go to the nearest bank but dont know where it is. What do you ask at
reception?
3. Which of these places do you usually visit or go to when you are on

holiday?
museums
art galleries churches
cathedrals
tourist shops
concerts
discos/clubs
castles
palaces
the cinema
markets
restaurants
bars
the theatre
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
4, Writing
Which was the last city you visited? What did you see there?
101
Connectors Practice
Draw a circle around the proper connector
1. You should stay home _____________you get your household chores finished.
as long as
until
while
but
so that
2. I will ignore him _____________ he behaves like a fool.

until
while
but
so that
as long as
3. Abner has dark curly hair, _ Answer _ he is starting to get bald.

while
but
so that
as long as
until
4. The only reason she called him was _____________ he could apologize
but
so that
as long as
until
while
while
but
5. Nero played the violin ____________ Rome burned.

so that
as long as
until
6. Samantha had always wanted to go to Istanbul _____________ she read about the
heat.
While
so that
until
as if
yet
7. Marvin felt _____________ he would have the flu forever

so that
until
as if
yet
while
8. The monster moved slowly across the street _____________ it was almost upon us.
until
as if
yet
while
so that
9. I have to call _____________the family knows I am going to be late.

as if
yet
while
so that
until
10. The tax collector checked my tax papers_____________ I sat there and sweated.
yet
while
so that
until
as if
11. It's hard for me to believe Clark Kent is Superman_____________ they say he really
is.
as long as
and
or
because
but
but
as long as
12. I like pizza _____________ it is salty and tasty.

and
or
because
13. Cinderella could go to the ball _____________ she promised to return by midnight
or
because
but
as long as
and
14. The job is too stressful _____________ the hours are good.
Because
but
as long as
and
or
102
15. The space shuttle will launch _____________the weather is good

But
because
as long as
and
or
16. Goblins pounded on the door ____________ the fairy godmother came and saved
them.
Yet
or
as
if
until
17. I am only working _____________ I wait to win the lottery

Or
as
if
while
until
18. He gives orders to his co-workers _____________ anyone cares

as if
while
until
yet
or
19. "Give me a dollar _____________ give me a sandwich," said the beggar

while
until
yet
or
as if
20. She wants to go out to see a movie, _____________ she feels a strange compulsion
to stay home.
until
yet
or
as if
while
Contrasting connectors:
Choose the correct connector.
HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH, WHEREAS, ALSO, DESPITE, IN SPITE OF
1. _____________we left late, we still got there in time
2. It was a great evening _____________the terrible food.
3. They had a good holiday_____________ they had little money.
4. I love the sea _____________most of my friends prefer the mountains
5. We told Jim the car was too expensive. _____________he still bought it.
6. It is very busy during the week. At the weekend,_____________ , it's very quiet.
7. My cousin owns the factory opposite. He _____________runs the restaurant
next door.
Adapted from http://englishmistakeswelcome.com/conjunctions_practice.htm
103
Listening: Life in Greenland

In this radio programme you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to
them. Make sure you know what they mean.
ice sheet: manto de hielo
snowplow: mquina quitanieves
dog sleds: trineos tirados por perros
stink/ apestar
sniff: oler
spare change: calderilla
Northern Lights: aurora boreal
whistle: silbar
Now read the questions on the following page. Read them carefully before listening to
the conversation.
JOURNALIST: With us today is Chris Ryan, a student of Spanish Studies at the
University of Lleida, who grew up in one of the worlds remotest nations, Greenland.
Today we will have the chance to learn more about Greenland and Greenlandic life.
QUESTIONS
Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.
Look at number 0 as an example.
0. How much of Greenland is covered on ice?
_ 20%
80%
_ The size of Spain.
_ Half its surface.
1. What makes Chris uncomfortable about the hot weather?
_ Hes never hot in Greenland.
_ The way he has to dress for hot weather.
_ He doesnt like wearing shorts or t-shirts.
_ He doesnt know: hes never been in Lleida in July.
2. According to Chris, whats the main difference between winters
in Greenland and in Spain?
_ Everything stops in Spain if theres 5 cm of snow.
_ There are no snowplows in Spain to take snow away.
_ In Greenland, people go wild when driving in the snow.
_ Most shops close in Greenland when it snows.
3. Why did Chris like to go to Spain on holidays? Because
_ it was almost as if he had always lived there.
_ he found Greenland boring.
_ films and clothes in Spain were more updated.
_ he could meet her grandparents.
104
4. Why are you NOT allowed riding dog sleds in Nuuk?

_ Because dogs are dangerous; they are not pets.
_ Because dogs are kept as pets.
_ Because a child was killed by a dog once.
_ Because dog owners do not respect them.
5. How do people travel from town to town in Greenland?
_ People have cars and bicycles.
_ People fly by helicopter.
_ People ride on dog sleds.
_ People ride on reindeer sleds.
6. Why do Danish teachers and doctors go to work in Greenland?
_ Its only a four-hour flight to Denmark.
_ Its compulsory practice before working in Denmark.
_ The pay is not very high but life is not expensive in Greenland.
_ They are very well paid even if life in Greenland is expensive.
7. Which two things does Chris mention as strange habits on your birthday
in Greenland?
On your birthday, you
_ are sniffed and you throw coins in the air.
_ have a piata with coins instead of sweets.
_ are sniffed and you are said to stink.
_ throw coins in the air which the children collect.
8. Which is the local story behind the Northern Lights?
_ The lights are spirits who take you if you whistle while they play.
_ The lights are heads playing football.
_ The lights are whistles that play with balls.
_ People should whistle when the lights die out.
Oficina d.Organitzaci de Proves d.Accs a la Universitat
PAU 2012
Writing: What do you think about life in Greenland? Would you like
to spend some time there? Why/why not?
105
Speaking: Tourism
QUESTIONS
What country/town/city did you go to the
last time?
How long did you stay in/there?
How did you get there?
Did you plan your trip before going there?
Who did you go with?
How long did it take you to get to
____/there?
Have you been there before?
Did you get lost on the way there?
Did you have a good
journey/flight/trip/voyage/cruise/tour?
What was the place/the hotel/ the campsite
like?
Were there lots of interesting places to
visit?
What is the local speciality?
What is the best area to have a look round?
What is the most famous monument?
Where is the best atmosphere at night?
What are the typical souvenirs?
Were there any places nearby to go to?
Did you have enough time to visit all the
places you wanted?
What kind of things did you do ?
Did you have any problems if it was a
package holiday?
ANSWERS
I went to .
I stay there for .
I travelled by. I drove there.
Yes, I went to a travel agency to
.
I went with ..
It took me/ us ..
No, It was the first time / Yes I had
been there
Well, I took a wrong turning and
..
Yes, there were no problems .No,
the was awful
It was .. There were the ..
had
Yes, there was/ were
Its the Its a kind of .
The best area is .
Its .
Well there are where you can
.
Yes, theres a small town
Yes/ No, I didnt . I wanted to visit
.. but .
We went + ing
Yes, I did / No, I didnt
http://iteslj.org/questions/
Make notes with your partners answers and write a paragraph with them
106
Listening: Sightseeing in town

1. Where are they planning to go in the morning?
A. to a park
B. to an art museum
C. to a shopping center
2. What kind of restaurant do they want to visit for lunch?
A. Italian
B. Indonesian
C. Indian
3. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?
A. The zoo will be closed the rest of the week.
B. The zoo is free to visitors that day only.
C. There are unusual animals on display.
4. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?
A. She wants to buy mementos of their visit.
B. She saw some great prices at a shopping center.
C. She wants to buy a gift for her friend.
5. How do they plan to get to the seashore at the end of the conversation?
A. by taxi
B. by bus
C. by subway
Talk to your partner

Imagine that you are visiting a new city for the first time as a tourist, whether it be
Paris, London, Sydney, Rome, or New York City. Many people are looking for cheap
travel ideas. What things would you like to do? What places would you visit? What
would you buy? Does your choice of activities depend on whether you are on a
Hawaiian honeymoon, a travel adventure, or on business?
http://www.esl-lab.com/travel/travelrd1.htm
107
Funny Commercials
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRiYkwtBK34
Clip one (up to 30 seconds)
Where are the men?
What is the man on the left looking at?
Why do you think he is so interested?
Why is it an embarrassing situation?
Clip two (up to 44 seconds)

What was the man looking at?
Clip 3 (up to 1.03)

Why is the baby crying?
Who takes it from the cot?
What does the baby do?
Why is the message: get in shape?
Clip 4 (up to 1.44)

What is the girls problem?
What does the man do when she is going to leave?
What does the girl do then?
How does it all end?
What is the message of this commercial?
Clip 5 (up to the end)

What are the two women doing?
Where is the camera?
What do the men do with the camera?
Why do they do it?
108

__HOLIDAYS
In Britain, Tourist Information Centres can arrange short stays in Hotels, Guest Houses
and Bed & Breakfast establishments. Bookings can be made either by phone or in
person on arrival in large towns or cities. Clients can usually specify the part of town
where they want to be based, though this may limit their choice of price-range. It is
helpful to state whether you are looking for economical, medium-priced or luxury
accommodation. A small deposit is usually required which is returnable if you inspect
the room and decide you do not want it. If you take the room, the deposit is deducted
from the bill.
For longer stays or holidays in other countries, it is usual to go to a travel agency. You
can collect brochures from rival companies which offer packages in the countries and
resorts which you are interested in. Many people go home and study the information.
The booking forms on the back of the brochures contain the information which the
travel agent needs to know, should you wish to go ahead. You will need to decide the
number in your party, the resort, the departure date, the duration, the type of
accommodation, the eating arrangements ( full board, half board or self-catering ),
travel or transport options ( e.g. air or sea ), car hire, equipment hire (e.g. skis),
excursions, insurance cover and the method of payment.
When you return to the travel agent, you may have further questions to ask about the
facilities for children, elderly or disabled people, the activities available or places of
interest within easy reach of your resort. If you have chosen an all-inclusive package
you may wish to know whether your investment contributes to the local economy of
your holiday resort, whether it brings business and employment to local residents or
whether your presence merely helps to exclude them from the best parts of their own
beaches.
1. Do you prefer to book holidays through travel agents or to make your own
arrangements? Describe your best and worst holidays?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these following forms of holiday
accommodation:
(a) five star hotel
(b) budget hotel
(c) guest house
(d) bed & breakfast
109
(e) farmyard cottage

(g) ocean liner
(h) student family
(i) youth hostel
(j) caravan
(k) tent
3. Which form of accommodation did you have on your last holiday? Were you satisfied
with it?
4. Which form of accommodation would you prefer for your next holiday and how
many people would you like to accompany you?
5. What are your favourite holiday activities?
6. Has your country been spoilt by tourist developments?
7. A friend wants to get to know your country and is planning a tour.

What advice would you give about places to visit, travel, accommodation, eating out,
shopping, sightseeing, things to bring and souvenirs to buy?
110
__HOLIDAYS
Adapted from http://www.btinternet.com___
111
Reading and writing: tourism

Read the text and the instructions to the questions very carefully.
Answer all the questions in English.
Some tourists prefer to travel in groups, with their holiday planned in advance for them,
on what are known as package tours. However, the advantages of planning your holiday
yourself are considerable. You are free to choose exactly where and when you want to
go, how you want to travel, and how long you want to stay. You can avoid the large
resorts, whereas holidaymakers on package tours are often trapped among crowds of
other tourists. You can eat the food of the region at reasonable prices in local
restaurants, while they are served with .international. dishes and chips with everything.
Moreover, although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this
is not always the case. Take the nightmare experience of a Frenchman who went on a
package to the Caribbean. The hotel in the small port was overbooked and he had to
wander round the streets looking for a bed and breakfast place. While doing this he was
arrested by the police for vagrancy. He was taken to court, where he told the magistrate
it was the hotels fault, but the magistrate was the hotel managers brother and he
charged the tourist with making false accusations.
He was sent to prison for eight days, by which time his return flight had left. He did not
have enough money left for a return ticket so he went to a post office to send a telegram
to his family in France asking for money. He was arrested even before he could send it
and charged with illegal immigration, as he could now no longer be considered a tourist,
having missed his flight. He now needed a work permit in order to stay, which he of
course did not have. He was fined 500 dollars for this offence, and another 500 dollars
when he again blamed the hotel. All things considered, a package holidays is no
guarantee of satisfaction. I think Id rather plan my holiday independently, or stay at
home.
Questions:
1 Answer the following questions in your own words. The information must be taken
from the text:
a) According to the text, what are the main dangers of going on a package holiday ?
b) How do you know that the Caribbean country in the story was corrupt ?
2. Do you agree with the writers opinions about holidays ? Give reasons.
PAU Junio 2002
112

Listening: Modern family 5
00:00:20,018 --> 00:00:23,041
What part of Colombia are those French toaster sticks from?
00:00:51,211 --> 00:00:52,161
Hey, mom?
00:01:32,628 --> 00:01:34,844
<i>He's like this little Einstein.</i>
00:03:14,818 --> 00:03:16,403
<i>Hey, honey. What's up?</i>
00:04:38,769 --> 00:04:42,323
It's best if you work this out at home so the boys can go back to class, okay?
00:05:37,627 --> 00:05:39,546
- I'm not a sweeper.
- Trust me on this.
00:08:32,283 --> 00:08:33,583
I like football.
- Haley hates it.
00:10:10,524 --> 00:10:13,695
- Gloria, I'm really angry at Phil.
- Let's respect the process.
00:10:45,124 --> 00:10:47,270
I am sorry if you feel that way. I really am.
00:13:45,409 --> 00:13:47,471
Can I talk to you for a second?
Claire likes to say, you can be part of the problem or part of the solution.
00:15:11,579 --> 00:15:13,679
Claire just needs a little time.
00:16:39,421 --> 00:16:42,183
Gloria? Come on, let's talk about this. I've seen her kick in a door before.
00:18:07,636 --> 00:18:09,951
113
UNIT 6 CELEBRATIONS
Guidelines for spending

Ramadan in Dubai
18 Ju|y 2012 1
By Georgina Wilson-Powell
Ramadan -- the annual Muslim festival of fasting, sacrifice and worship - begins on 20 July. (Brent Winebrenner/LPI)
Ramadan -- the annual Muslim festival of fasting, sacrifice and worship -- gets
underway across the world on 20 July and will last for 29 or 30 days, depending on
lunar sightings.
Those used to Dubai's fast-paced nature will see a different side to the city as locals
conservative Muslim roots come to the fore, with shorter business days, a quieter
nightlife scene and an emphasis on spending time with loved ones. And for visitors
to the city, there are a few dos and don'ts that will help you best enjoy this time of
charity and peace.
Dos
Do visit. Dubai does not shut down completely during Ramadan. Many expats and
visitors to the city enjoy this time of year because most things remain open but the
city empties out as both Muslims and expats head off for cooler shores. Public
transport and taxis operate as normal, although come sunset most taxi drivers will
stop for a while to break their fast. Muslims do not eat, drink or smoke between
sunrise and sunset for the length of Ramadan, and in Dubai everyone must follow
this rule. Alcohol is not banned during the Holy Month (like it is in nearby Qatar or
Bahrain) and Dubai's tourist attractions like the Burj Khalifa (the tallest building in
the world) or Wild Wadi Waterpark will not be as busy.
Make an effort to understand this religious time of year and what it means to the
city. Visit Jumeirah Mosque where tour guides can explain how important this time
of year is to Muslims for reflection and prayer, as they use the month to focus on
114
their actions over the past year and to cleanse themselves for Eid Al Fitr, the festival
at the end of Ramadan otherwise known as Islamic New Year.
Go to an iftar--the meal Muslims break their fast with every evening at sunset.
Almost every hotel offers an all-you-can-eat iftar feast during Ramadan, serving
traditional Emirati and Arabic foods like slow cooked lamb and rice, as well as
plenty of dates for energy for the next day. Beachside hotels like the Atlantis and
Jumeirah Beach Hotel often erect grand iftar tents where people come to eat, play
board games and smoke shisha, the flavoured tobacco synonymous with the Middle
East that is smoked through a hookah pipe.
Donts
During Ramadan, dress codes get more conservative. Dubai is usually relatively
liberal, but during the Holy Month women should cover their shoulders and their
legs down to their knees when out in public -- carry a pashmina or a shawl if you do
not want to wear lots of layers. For men, it is shirts or T-shirts as usual but make
sure shorts are knee length. Expect uncomfortable stares or even a fine if you ignore
this rule during the Holy Month.
Everyone has to abide by the do not eat, drink, smoke or chew gum in public
between sunrise and sunset rule -- and that includes tourists. These laws can be
punished with fines or even jail time if broken. Restaurants will not be open during
the day, but there are some designated cafes open for non-Muslims hidden away
behind curtains in most shopping malls; ask at mall information booths for their
location if you need a soft drink or a snack. It's easy to get dehydrated if you are not
used to the summer heat.
Don't expect bars to open before 8 pm (depending on the time of sunset). Bars are
open (clubs are not) during Ramadan, but they will be quieter and will not play any
music, live or otherwise. You can still get a drink, however, once the sun goes down.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120716-guidelines-for-spending-ramadan-in-dubai
Georgina Wilson-Powell is the Dubai Localite for BBC Travel.
Exercises: 25 words you have to learn

1. Fasting _________________________
2. Worship ________________________
3. fast-paced _______________________
4. come to the fore __________________
5. business days ____________________
6. nightlife scene ___________________
7. visitors _________________________
8. shut down ______________________
9. expats __________________________
115
10. sunrise _________________________

11. sunset __________________________
12. banned _________________________
13. busy ___________________________
14. tour guides ______________________
15. cleanse _________________________
16. prayer __________________________
17. otherwise _______________________
18. Beachside _______________________
19. flavour __________________________
20. dress codes ______________________
21. fine ____________________________
22. abide___________________________
23. punish __________________________
24. shopping malls ___________________
25. information booth _________________
1. What is Ramadan?
2. What does it depend on?
3. Why is Dubai different those days?
4. Where do many people go those days?
5. Why do taxis stop at sunset?
6. Which two tourist attractions are cited in the text?
7. When is the beginning of Islamic New Year?
8. Which is the traditional dish at the end of the day?
9. What could happen to you if you ignored the dressing code?
10. What can you do if you need a drink in the middle of the day?
116
Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)? (Verdadero se escribe con T)
____1. Ramadan takes place at the same time every year
____2 During Ramadan, shops are open less time
___ 3 Women must cover their shoulders in public during Ramadan
___ 4 They keep some cafes open, but they are hidden behind a curtain
___ 5 Music in bars is quieter in Ramadan
Now you know what life is like in Dubai during Ramadan, would you like to
visit it? Why? /Why not? Explain your reasons
117
Grammar
BASIC GRAMMAR
Modal auxiliaries
These are the modals:
Present
can
may
will
shall
must
ought to
need
Past form
could
might
would
should
FORM: Positive: subject + modal + bare infinitive:
I must see you tomorrow.

We must go now.
Negative: subject + modal + not/nt + bare infinitive: You
shouldnt go to bed so late.
They neednt come if they dont want to.
Question: modal + subject + bare infinitive:
Can you help me?

Will she be here soon?
Short answers: subject + modal auxiliary:
Yes, we can. No, they wont.
Ability
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able.
He is very fit for his age. He can run (run) really fast.
Id like to be able to work. (work) with you one day.
He _________________ not climb) up to the top: he was too scared.
1 I love _________________ (spend) all morning in bed at the weekends.
2 We ____________ (go) to that concert tomorrow if the tickets havent sold out.
3 I think you should go in the spring: it _____________(be) very crowded there in
the summer.
4 I ________________ (not understand) what he says: he speaks too quickly.
118
5 Do you know where Nicks glasses are? He _______________ (not see) very
much without them.
6 (speak)_____________________ another language fluently is a great advantage
when youre looking for a job.
7 Jonathan ______________________ (not say)anything until he was about three
years old.
8 We __________________
but fortunately we
(not phone her up)because her phone had broken,
________________ (get) a message to her.
9 Amys exam results werent very good. She _________________ (do) better.
10 I_______________ (not sleep) very well for the last four nights. Its been too
hot.
11 She tried to think of other things but she ___________________ (not put) that
awful memory out of her mind.
12 You should ____________________ (go out) when you want to.
13 I____________________ (ride) this bike soon: I just need more time to practise.
14 He doesnt do very much when hes here. He _________________ (be) more
helpful.
15 I _____________ (play) tennis really well a few years ago, but not anymore.
Certainty, possibility, deduction: can, could, may, might, must, will,

should, ought to
1. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, will, should, ought
to or must and an infinitive in the appropriate form.
1
Kerrys rather late. She _________________ (miss) the train.
Travellers cheques _____________________(be exchanged) at most banks.
Theyre not answering the phone so they ________________________ (be) out.
Dont phone her now. It _________________________ (be) the middle of the

night in Australia.
They _______________________ (not move) house yet. I saw them in town this
morning.
I havent seen Molly this week. I think she __________________ (visit) her
parents but Im not sure.
119

7
Her exam results are coming out soon. She worked very hard so she
_______________ (do) well.
That womans just fallen over. Lets go and see her: she ________________
(be) hurt.
I dont know where she is. She _________________ (not still play) tennis: its
been dark for the last hour.
10 I sent the letter two days ago so he _________________ (get) it by now, but you
can never be sure.
11 The encyclopaedias _________________ (be found) on the second floor of the
library.
12 Jims been very quiet since his girlfriend went away. He _______________
(miss) her.
13 I ___________________________ (come) and visit you at the weekend.
Anyway, Ill give you a ring to let you know.
14 She was with a man I didnt recognize. It ___________________ (be) her
brother because he looked a bit like her.
15 The roads are fairly quiet today so we ________________________ (have) a
good journey.
16 Do you think Josephine ________________________ (be) at home now? No,
she ________________________She __________________ (have) a swim.
She always does at this time in the morning.
17 Why do you think Tricia was in such a hurry? I dont know. She
___________________ (run) to catch the bus.
18 These glasses __________________________ (be) Tims: they look a bit like
his.
19 It ___________________________ (not rain): the grounds completely dry.
20 I _____________________________ (join) the sports club in the summer but I
havent decided yet.
21 What a terrible thing to have happened. You ____________________ (be)
terrified.
22 I told her you were coming so she _____________________ (expect) you.
23 Theyve just rung the bell so the children ________________________(be) out
of the classrooms in a minute.
120
24 That looks like Jack but it _________________(not be) him. He went to live in
Australia last year.
25 Ive got a stomachache this morning. I __________________ (eat) too much
last night or I (have) some sort of virus.
Advice, obligation, necessity: should, ought to, must, have to, have
got to, need
1. Complete the sentences using the modals should, ought to, must,
need or the verb have to in the correct tense and form. Put the infinitive
into the appropriate form.
We .had to (leave) at 11 oclock last night because the last bus went at 11.20.
I dont think you __________________(offer) to help him. Youve got enough
work to do yourself.
2
They _________________ (not pay) to stay in a hotel. They can stay with us.
Weve been staying in a hotel for the last two weeks so we ________________
(not cook) our own meals.

4
You ______________ (come round) for dinner one evening. We havent had a
good talk for a long time.

5
We _____________________ (run) all the way to the station because we were
late for the train.

6
Its your own fault that youre so tired. You _________________ (not go) to
bed so late.
7
Why ____________________the prisoners (be locked) in their cells all day?
Hurry up. You __________________ (not have) a bath now. The taxis coming
in twenty minutes
9
You (not tell) him what happened. He would never forgive us.
10 You ______________________(not allow) Max to walk home from school

every day on his own. Hes too young.
11 I dont like _____________ (do) everything my boss tells me to do.
12 You ________________ (go) to that new French restaurant in town. Its the best
restaurant Ive ever been to.
13 Tom _________________(not get up) early in the morning but everyone else in
the house does.
121
14 If I fail any one of my exams, I ___________________(take) all of them again

in November.
Offers, requests, permission, suggestions: can, could, may, might,

would, must, shall, would you mind
Write what to say using can, could, may, might, shall, must, would, would
you like, would you mind. There may be several possible answers.
1
Offer to open the door for a stranger.

Shall I open the door for you?
Ask someone to answer the phone for you.

Would you answer the phone for me, please?
1 Invite a friend to go for a swim this morning.

2 Offer to make someone a sandwich.
3 Request an appointment to see your bank manager, Ms Arnold.
4 Give someone permission to use your phone.
5 Suggest going for a picnic this afternoon.
6 Ask someone to wait here for you.
7 Give your son permission to go out but tell him to be back before dark.
8 You are in a train. Ask another passenger if you can open the window.
1. Rewrite the following sentences using a modal. The underlined words
can be written as subject + modal + verb (or modal + subject + verb in
questions). In some sentences, more than one modal is possible.
1
I promise to phone you next week.

I will/ill phone you next week.
At the age of nine, he still didnt know how to read.

At the age of nine, he still couldnt read.
1. Its essential that we leave on time tomorrow morning.

2. Are you able to come with me tonight?
3. Its not a good idea for you to work so hard.
4. Its possible that theyll be here soon.
122
5. Why dont we go and see a film tonight?

6. He said that he intended to write to me soon.
7. Is it possible for me to sit here?
8. He refuses to give me an answer.
9. Its not necessary for you to apologize.
10. Am I allowed to smoke in here?
11. He knew how to speak four languages by the time he was twelve.
12. I want to help you but Im not able to.
13. I think its a good idea for me to stay in tonight: Ive got a lot of work to do.
14. I dont know who she is but its possible that shes Ricks sister.
15. Do not tell him any of this: its vital that it remains a secret
16. I intend to finish this essay before I go to bed.
17. Its 7 oclock. I assume that Clare will be here soon.
18. Hes in but hes not answering the phone. Im sure that hes asleep.
Translate using a modal:
1. Mi hermano entiende el francs, pero no sabe hablar
2. No podr llamarte porque estar muy ocupado
3. Mi hermana sabe tocar el violn muy bien, dentro de un ao podr dar un
concierto.
4. Hace un ao yo no saba nadar
5. Lo siento, no he podido terminar los deberes
6. No puedes aparcar aqu, est prohibido
7. Puedo entrar, por favor?
8. Ten cuidado, el mar puede ser peligroso aqu
9. Puede que el tren haya llegado tarde
123
10. Es raro que Juan no haya venido, a lo mejor se le ha olvidado

11. No debis hablar durante el examen
12. El mdico dice que debo estar en la cama tres das
13. Tienes que pararte cuando llegues al stop
14. Deberas haberlo dicho antes
15. No deberas comer tanto chocolate
16. No deberas darnos tantos deberes
17. Lo siento, pero tuve que hacerlo.
18. No hace falta que vengas, yo te lo contar maana
19. No tuve que pagar porque me invitaron
20. Yo estaba all, pero no pude ver lo que pasaba
21. No debe estar en casa porque no coge el telfono
22. Puedo hablar con el seor Prez, por favor?
23. Juan estaba en esa fiesta, a lo mejor lo viste all
24. Puedes pasar si eres miembro del grupo
25. No pude pasar porque no soy miembro de ese grupo
26. Cuando tena dos aos no saba montar en bici
27. Gracias por el vino, pero no haca falta que trajeras nada
28. Debe haber estudiado mucho porque ha aprendido muy deprisa
29. No deberas mentir a tus padres, deberas ser ms valiente y decir la verdad
30. Ahora puedes estar contento, esta es la ltima frase
124
Connectors of time
1. Time connectors Combine each pair of sentences to make a title of a pop song. Use the
following time connectors : as soon as (en cuanto), before (antes), since (desde), when
(cuando), while (mientras), until (hasta). Follow the example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Think of me Im away.
Ill love you I die
I hear music I see you.
Come home Its too late.
Ive been sad You left.
I fell in love We met.
Think of me while Im away

_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
2. Cross out the incorrect answers. Sometimes both answers are correct.
1. Ill give them your message as soon as I get / will get there.
2. Maria cleaned the kitchen as/while I did the bathroom.
3. We must go to that gallery before leave/leaving.
4. I had a lot of problems at the shop but eventually/finally they agreed to give me
a refund.
5. The phone rang while / just as I was leaving the house.
6. The letter arrived while/as we were getting ready.
7. Ill give them your message as soon as I get / will get there.
8. Maria cleaned the kitchen as/while I did the bathroom.
9. We must go to that gallery before leave/leaving.
10. I had a lot of problems at the shop but eventually/finally they agreed to give me
a refund.
11. The phone rang while / just as I was leaving the house.
12. The letter arrived while/as we were getting ready.
3. Complete these sentences in a suitable way.
1. We had a game of squash and afterwards

2. Ill meet you as soon as
_____________
_____________
3. I must remember to lock the back door before _____________

4. I think I dropped the letter as _____________
5. I looked up half of the words in my dictionary while
_____________
125
6. We had to wait for hours but eventually _____________

7. My car is too big for you to drive. And besides,
_____________
8. I saw him break the window just as _____________

9. We had a game of squash and afterwards
10. Ill meet you as soon as
_____________
_____________
11. I must remember to lock the back door before
_____________
12. I think I dropped the letter as _____________

13. I looked up half of the words in my dictionary while
14. We had to wait for hours but eventually
_____________
_____________
15. My car is too big for you to drive. And besides,
_____________
16. I saw him break the window just as _____________
4. Writing: You spent a week at a hotel and had these problems:
There was very little variety in the food.

The service was very slow.
When you mentioned this to the staff, they were very rude.
The manager was on holiday during your stay, so you have decided to send a letter
of complaint. Use the connectors of time.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I have just returned from staying a week in your hotel, and I am writing to you to
express my complete dissatisfaction.
126
OTHER CONNECTORS
Put in these words: although (aunque); because (porque); but (pero); if (si); in case (por
si); in order to (para); in spite of (a pesar de); so (por eso); so that (para que); unless (si
no).
1. __________________ it was late, Alex didnt seem in a hurry to leave.

2. They put video cameras in shops ____________________ stop people stealing
things.
3. I decided not to go out for a meal ______________________ I couldnt afford
it.
4.
__________________________ youre ready, we can start now.
5. Our room was very small, ___________________________ we didnt mind it at

all.
6. No one was watching television, ________________________ I switched it off.
7. You cant drive a car _______________________________ youve got a
license.
8. ___________________________ having absolutely no talent, the man became a
popular TV personality.
9. Voicky sent us a map ________________________ we could find her house.
10. I think my answers are right, but can I just check them with yours
______________________ Ive made a mistake?
Choose the correct linking word.
A: We hadnt any bread, ______________________ 1 (because/so) I went to the shop.

I needed some __________________ 2 (so that/to) make sandwiches. I got there just
____________________ 3 (after/before) the shop closed and luckily they had some left.
B: Does the little shop stay open _____________________ 4 (after/before) the
supermarket has closed?
A: Yes, it stays open till ten oclock. Its very convenient, _______________ 5 (but/in
spite of) its rather expensive. I always go there __________________ 6 (if/in case) I
need just one or two things. I dont go to the supermarket ________ 7 (if/unless) I need
a lot.
127
B: The shop must have done much less business ________________________ 8

(since/until) the supermarket has been there.
A: I dont like the supermarket __________________________ 9 (although/in spite of)
having a much bigger choice. I go there ____________________ 10 (because/so) its
cheaper.
128

Listen and fill in the gaps with the words in the box
Consumer
huge
annoying
turkey
Holidays
tune
drizzle
birth
pleasure
asleep
sustainable
rude
Christmas - the Good, the Bad and the Ugly

by Keith Sands
Christmas is one of those _____________which means very different things to different
people. It can be a spiritual time, a family time, a time for giving, a time for partying or
a time for just overeating... Most people (in those countries where it is the main
religious festival of the year) find something to enjoy about Christmas, whether they are
Christians or not. But hasnt Christmas in the ____________age become just a bit too
big? And a lot too commercial?
I think so. The secret of a good Christmas is to be selective. Here is my personal list of
the things Christmas (at any rate, Christmas in Britain) would be infinitely better
without. Lets get rid of ...
Plastic Christmas trees
Fussy people dont like trees that drop their needles on the carpet. Surely, in the age of
vacuum cleaners, this is not a problem any more? Worst of all are those plastic trees that
come with their own decorations already attached, so depriving children of the great
____________ of hanging the decorations themselves.
Replace with: Real fir trees, from _____________forests.
Fairy lights that dont work
We have sent people to the moon. Computers have changed our lives. On the Internet,
_____________amounts of information travel all over the world at the speed of light.
So it shouldnt be too difficult to put a few coloured light bulbs in a row, so they last
until New Year without breaking down.
Replace with: Candles. And fireproof fir trees.
Slades "Merry Christmas Everybody"
A stomping, two-chord song from the dark days of 1970s rock. Played endlessly in
British pubs and on the radio through December. It is the musical equivalent of jumping
up and down with heavy boots on and trying to drink beer at the same time. I remember
once, at a Christmas party, picking up my can of beer and taking a sip to find out
someone had used the can as an ashtray. And this song is the theme _____________of
that kind of party.
Replace with: The Pogues and Kirsty MacColls Fairytale of New York: a great, soulful
Christmas song.
129
Bing Crosbys White Christmas

While were on the subject of Christmas songs, lets not forget that this sentimental
1950s tune is the biggest selling single of all time. Its ideal for falling
_____________in an armchair but finally just too nostalgic. And very_____________.
Replace with: Silent Night, a beautiful German carol known all over the world.
Office parties
Doesnt a computer decorated with tinsel, and an office with paper chains hanging from
the ceiling, look just a tiny bit depressing? And office Christmas parties are worse.
Under the influence of cheap wine in paper coffee-cups, strange things happen with the
photocopier. _____________messages are faxed to clients. Most people cant relax in
the office. And those that can will probably do something theyll regret later.
Replace with: an extra afternoon off work.
British Christmas Weather
In Richard Curtis films (like the recent hit "Love, Actually"), it always snows at
Christmas in London. The city is covered with a beautiful white blanket, the perfect
setting for a romantic happy ending. Whats the reality of Christmas weather in the
South of England? Grey skies with a good chance of cold _____________in the late
afternoon.
Replace with: Russian Christmas weather.
TV
Its a fact that we spend more time in front of the TV at Christmas than at any other
time of year. The TV schedules are filled with old films, comedy Christmas Specials,
soap operas with Christmas-related plots, and of course hundreds of adverts. Switch it
off and visit your relatives instead.
Replace with: log fires, board games.
Turkey with Cranberry Sauce
In Britain, the usual Christmas dinner is _____________with cranberry sauce - although
ultra traditionalists may prefer goose. Cranberry sauce is basically a kind of jam. We
dont put jam on meat at other times of year, so why at Christmas?
Replace with: No cranberry sauce.
Consumerism
You know what I mean. Adverts for toys on childrens TV. Department stores which
put out Christmas decorations as early as September. The stress of Christmas shopping.
Everywhere the message is spend, spend, spend. Christmas is a Christian religious
festival, to celebrate the _____________of Jesus Christ. Its not just an excuse for
making money.
Replace with: Midnight carols at church, peace on earth, and goodwill to all men.
So thats my advice. Avoid these things and youll have a good chance of having a truly
Merry Christmas. Which is what I wish you now. And a happy new year
130
Below are 11 statements about the text. For each one decide if it is True or
False. Quote the text to justify your answer.
1. The writer doesnt like Christmas.
2. He doesnt like the commercialisation of Christmas.
3. Its not really difficult to clean up the needles from a real tree.
4. He is impressed by the technology of fairy lights.
5. He doesnt like any Christmas songs.
6. He mentions two kinds of party he doesnt like.
7. He thinks the film Love Actually is realistic.
8. Christmas should be a time for visiting your family.
9. He thinks Cranberry sauce goes well with turkey.
10. He enjoys Christmas shopping.
11. He seems to prefer a rather traditional Christmas
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/fr/magazine/christmas-good-bad-and-ugly
Writing: What are the good, the bad and the ugly of your Christmas? How
would you change it?
131
Catch the wind

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fViObqGvIjM
1. Answer these questions:

Why is the boy running all the time?
What is the boys birthday present for his grandfather?
Where does the story begin? Where does it end?
What does the boy do in the train? Why?
How does the boy arrive at his grandparents?
What are the most repeated words of the background song?
What does this commercial advertise?
Write a short narrative of the story:
2. Match these forms of renewable energy with their definitions:
1. Biofuels
__ living and recently dead biological material that can be

used as fuel
2. Biomass
__a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides

into electricity
3. Geothermal
__solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from relatively

recently dead biological material
4. Hydro power
__conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as

electricity,
5. Solar power
__the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the

capture of that energy to do useful work
6. Tidal power
__ power that is derived from the force or energy of

moving water
7. Wave power
__ heat that comes from within the Earth
8. Wind power
__ electricity generated from solar radiation.
132
Speaking: Christmas
Ask and answer these questions with your partner:
Did you enjoy last Christmas?

Do you celebrate Christmas in a traditional way?
Do you decorate the outside of your house for Christmas?
Do you enjoy singing Christmas songs?
Do you have a Christmas party at school?
Do you have a Christmas tree?
If so, how do you decorate it?

When do you put it up?
When do you take it down?
Is it real or artificial?
Do you have any plans to go to a Christmas party?

Do you know why Christmas is celebrated around the world?
Do you remember when you found out that Santa Claus wasn't real?
What was your/their reaction like?
Do you see your relatives at Christmas time?
Do you think Christmas is depressing? (There is a high suicide rate at this time of
year.)
Does your family have any special Christmas traditions?

How do you usually spend New Year's Eve? How about New Year's Day?
What are some popular foods for the Christmas season?
What is the most expensive Christmas present you plan to buy?
o Is Christmas becoming too commercialized?
What is your favorite Christmas carol?
What time does your family open the presents?
What will you buy your parents?
What would you like to get for your Christmas present?
Why some people do not like Christmas?
Do you give something to homeless people?
If you could change something about Christmas time, what would it be?
Do you remember Christmas celebrations you had as a child?
http://www.eslgold.net/speaking.htm
Writing: Write a short summary of your partners opinions
133
Reading and speaking: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Most European countries have multi-racial societies owing both to historical and
geographical factors. Military conquests, persecution and economic hardship have all
contributed to waves of immigration.
Early British history highlights the influence of the Romans, the Vikings, the Saxons and
the Normans. More recently, we have opened our doors to people from our former
colonies seeking jobs, refugees seeking political asylum and other members of the
European Community.
Racial integration has been successful in many areas of Britain. Intermarriage between
people of similar cultures is now very common. The popularity of Chinese and Indian
food and support for events such as the Notting Hill Carnival show a further acceptance
of cultural differences.
However, good race relations have proved more difficult where there has been largescale immigration involving dissimilar cultures, especially in areas of social deprivation
- for example, where there is poor housing and high unemployment. Not only do
immigrants become scapegoats for the problems of these areas, but they, themselves,
may be reluctant to integrate for reasons of religion or cultural identity.
Discussion questions:_ask, answer and take notes of your partners

answers
1. "Cultural differences cause problems. It is better for people to stay in
their own countries rather than to migrate to other ones." Do you agree?
2. Would you prefer to live in a monoculture or a multi-racial society? Why?
3. "It is better to study major international languages like English rather than
to spend time on minority languages for the sake of regional identity."
Do you agree?
4. "Governments should give regions in their countries more autonomy
so that they can protect and enjoy their own cultures rather than serving
the centralized policies of the capital city." Do you agree?
5. Is it better to marry someone of the same cultural background?
6. "Religion as a school subject should include all the major world
religions - not only the majority religion in the country concerned."
Do you agree?
7. How do you think "British Culture" differs from "N. American Culture"?
How do these cultures differ from the culture of your own country?
134
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
135

HALLOWEEN
Halloween, also called All Hallows' Evening is the eve of All Saints' Day, October 31st.
In ancient Britain and Ireland, a Celtic festival was held at the end of the summer with
huge bonfires set on hilltops to frighten away evil spirits. The date was connected with
the return of herds from pastures. The souls of the dead were supposed to revisit their
homes on this day, and the autumnal festival acquired sinister significance, with ghosts,
witches, hobgoblins, black cats, fairies, and demons of all kinds roaming about.
But Halloween was also thought to be the most favourable time for divinations
concerning marriage, luck, health and death. It was the only day of the whole year on
which the help of the devil was invoked for such purposes.
Gradually, Halloween has become a secular observance, and many customs and
practices have derived into commercial motives such as ghost disguises, pumpkins of all
sizes, and plastic witches that are sold at department stores and small shops everywhere.
Our consumer society has appropriated the traditional motives of Halloween, very much
like it did with Christmas traditions, and turned them into designs for the decoration of
homes. Children have been used as potential consumers of all these objects by society.
QUESTIONS
1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words.
a) Explain the origin of the celebration of Halloween
b) How was divination connected to Halloween?
c) How does the consumer society make use of Halloween tradition?
3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below.
a) phantom
b) size
c) seized
d) regarding
4. Write about the following topic.
a) In Spain, would you rather celebrate Halloween or Carnival, and why.
Pruebas de Acceso a las Universidades de Castilla y Len
Junio 2007
136

Modern family 6
00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,147
I was supposed to keep a journal all summer. It's due today.
00:02:13,793 --> 00:02:16,562

I've done madonna, the early years. Stevie wonder.
00:02:45,191 --> 00:02:46,492

A little help here?
00:04:21,654 --> 00:04:23,655

Breakfast for dinner last week -- my idea.
00:06:45,374 --> 00:06:46,674

No, what I'm saying...
00:07:05,728 --> 00:07:09,197

He's always surprising me with little presents, Fun getaways.
I listen with my mind, and if you pay attention,

00:14:12,183 --> 00:14:13,951
I support Manny no matter what.
00:15:54,853 --> 00:15:56,553

I'm actually jealous of you.
00:18:35,947 --> 00:18:38,015

But after seeing that t-shirt, I realized something.
.
00:19:22,460 --> 00:19:26,363
Did I lose the race to make him feel better?
Maybe.
But it just seemed like he could use a win today.
137

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Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 1 Importance of exercise

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

3. What do statistics show?

Writing: Do you do any exercise? Should you change your lifestyle?

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

She's already done her homework.

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

1. Rewrite the following passage, making all the necessary tense

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

27. By next April I (pay) 13,000 in income tax.

CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND RESULT:

Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence):

Now do this exercise:

Hes embarrassed about being bald ______________ he always wears a wig.

She was ______________

annoying woman that no one wanted to invite her to a

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

I hit my hand on the desk and it really ________________

Complete the table with the correct verb forms.

Complete these conversations in a suitable way.

B: Sounds very unpleasant. How did it happen exactly?

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Look at the pictures and write the story.

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Food and restaurants

Adapted from Way With Words Resource Pack 1

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

1. Its against the law, isnt it?

2. His room is always in a mess, isnt it?

3. He took off his clothes!

4. This handwriting is impossible to read.

-Yes I know, __________

5. She can never wait for five minutes, can she?

6. I thought it was rude, didnt you?

- Yes, it was very _________

Complete the verbs in these sentences.

6. Apparently her alarm clock didnt ring and she over_____________

at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a

complete break from her job.

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato

Jos Luis Navarro Piqueras

Talk to your partner

Unit 1 Jeloou 2 Bachillerato