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OMAE2016
June 19-24, 2016, Busan, South Korea
OMAE2016-54592
VORTEX SHEDDING CONTROL USING JETS: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY WITH
LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD
Guoqiang Fu
Deepwater Engineering & Technology
Research Center
Harbin Engineering University
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Bassam A. Younis
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, USA
Liping Sun
Deepwater Engineering & Technology
Research Center
Harbin Engineering University
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Shaoshi Dai
Deepwater Engineering & Technology
Research Center
Harbin Engineering University
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
induced vibration (VIV) and vortex-induced motion (VIM). In
some cases, resonance may also occur with the potential for
structural failure and disruption of operations. It is therefore not
surprising that a great deal of effort has been directed towards
finding a reliable and effective means for the reduction or
altogether suppression of vortex shedding from bluff bodies of
various shapes and, in particular, from smooth circular cylinders
which are taken to represent commonly-found structures in
offshore operations such as risers, spar platforms, and the
columns of tension-leg platforms. Zdravkovich [4] reviewed and
classified various methods for vortex-shedding control of which
a large number has been reported in the literature. Our interest in
this study is in a novel method that has not hitherto been the
subject of study. The method involves the use of jets to modify
the overall behavior of the flow in such a way as to reduce the
size of the shed vortices and with that, the magnitude of
oscillations in the lift and drag forces. The jets are introduced
from discrete holes located at the stagnation point of a twodimensional cylinder, and along the stagnation line of a threedimensional cylinder, and are directed into the approach flow.
The use of jets as a tool for flow control is by no means novel [57] the novelty here is in the mode of application.
The computations were performed using the Lattice
Boltzmann Method (LBM). The use of this method for fluidflow simulations is far less common than e.g. finite-volume
methods however there is a significant body of findings in the
literature that suggests that this method is more accurate and less
computationally intensive compared to others. Because of the
need to accurately resolve the initial region of the jets
development while also computing the flow over much greater
spatial and temporal scale, it was thought worthwhile to evaluate
ABSTRACT
The use of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for fluidflow simulation has been the subject of several recent studies
where it was reported that the method offers many advantages
such as high accuracy coupled with computational efficiency. In
this paper, we report on the use of this method, in conjunction
with Large-Eddy Simulations, to study an interesting
phenomenon related to the suppression of vortex shedding from
circular cylinders. Specifically, it has been observed in
experiments that vortex shedding from a cylinder can be
drastically reduced by the injection of a fluid jet into the
approach flow. We first present results for a cylinder without jet
injection in order to quantify the suitability of the LBM for use
in such flows. Thereafter, we present results for the case with jet
injection where we consider the case where Re=55,440.
Preliminary results conclusively demonstrate that the presence
of jet injection does indeed lead to substantial reduction in the
magnitude of lift forces on the cylinder. This strongly argues in
favor of further research to understand the dynamics of this
phenomenon, and the range of parameters needed to maximize
its beneficial effects.
INTRODUCTION
The occurrence and consequences of vortex shedding from
bluff bodies immersed in turbulent flows are well documented in
experiments and computations [1-3]. In offshore engineering,
the occurrence of vortex shedding is invariably an undesirable
event leading, for example, to potentially damaging vortex-
where
NOMENCLATURE
L
Re
St
U
Uj
CD
Drag coefficient
(3)
Strouhal number ( St fL / U )
Velocity of incoming flow
Velocity of jet flow
Frequency of vortex shedding
FD
FL
CL
1
2
cs2 ( )t
t*
e u u u e e
(4)
fi eq i 1 i 2 2 i 2i
c
2
c
c
s
s
s
2
CD FD / U D
2
2
Lift coefficient CL FL / U D
2
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
Lattice Boltzmann Method
In the application of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM)
to fluids in motion, the fluid is no longer treated as a continuum
but rather as being composed of particles which can flow along
some directions in space. This particle-based method uses
microparticle movement according to simple rules to take the
place of the complex macro-phenomena. The particle movement
at every time-step consist of two parts: streaming operation and
collision operation. Qian et al. presented the single relaxation
time (SRT) model of the LBM in what became known as the
LBGK (Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) model [8~10]. The
LBGK model is the most widely used model in the LBM. It was
originally developed as an improved modification of the Lattice
Gas Automata to satisfy the Galilean invariance and remove
statistical noise. The Maxwell equilibrium distribution and BGK
collision theory are employed in the formulation.
The Boltzmann transport equation can be written as
follows:
0
ei c cos i 1 ,sin i 1
4
4
2c cos i 1 ,sin i 1
4
4
Accordingly weighted parameters
4
9
1
i
9
1
36
fi
ei fi i , i 1,..., b,
(1)
t
where f i is the particle distribution function in the i-direction,
ei is the corresponding discrete velocity and i is the
collision operator which, in the BGK approximation, is:
1
iBGK ( fi eq fi )
for i=0
for i =1~4
(5)
otherwise.
for i =0
(6)
for i =1~4
otherwise.
(2)
scale quantity
LBM-LES
The filtered Boltzmann equation can be now be obtained
from the differential form of the Boltzmann equation:
fi
ei fi i
t
where i is the collision operator.
Fig. 2
(8)
1
fi (x ei , t t ) fi (x, t ) fi eq (x, t ) fi (x, t )
0 t
and
(10)
G G
S S G
d
5/2
g g
2
1 2
1
2
g g
g2
2
3
u
x
d
G
g
where
d
G
d
5/4
St
CD
281,492/0.080s
0.153
2.11
205,568/0.2s
0.153
2.044
152,258/0.233s
0.157
2.07
Target values
0.14
2.2
3/2
number of lattices/ t
(9)
eddy viscosity t :
2
f
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
1.8
1.6
1.4
CL
43606
0.0014
0.244
1.403
0.173
0.878
145696
0.0014
0.265
1.378
0.116
0.847
385348
0.0014
0.265
1.386
0.133
0.823
145696
0.0012
0.258
1.399
0.113
0.813
145696
0.0018
0.244
1.312
0.169
0.930
145696
0.0020
0.249
1.356
0.181
1.032
CD
1.2
1.0
0.8
2.0
1.0
C L 0.0
-1.0
-2.0
40
Fig.3
60
t * 80
100
CL and CD
(Re=55,440).
0.5
LBM-LES
0.4
0.3
St
0.2
0.1
0.0
3
10
10
10
10
10
Re
2.0
LBM-LES
Exp.,Schewe(1993)
Younis and Przulj(2006)
Zdravkovich(1990)
3D, Tamura et al.(1990)
1.6
1.2
CD
0.8
Fig.5
0.4
0.0 3
10
10
10
10
10
Re
Fig.4
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we report on a preliminary study into an
interesting effect namely the near suppression of vortex shedding
from a circular cylinder under the effect of a jet injected from the
front stagnation point directly into the approach flow. The
computations were performed using the Lattice Boltzmann
Method in conjunction with Large Eddy Simulation. The method
was first applied to the prediction of the benchmark case of
turbulent flow around a square cylinder over a range of Reynolds
number with results, in terms of average drag coefficient and
Strouhal number, broadly in accord with those obtained with a
finite-volume method and a turbulence closure. The method was
then applied to the case of a round cylinder at Re = 55,440 first
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2.4
1.6
0.8
CL
0.0
-0.8
-1.6
20
Fig.8
40
60
80
t*
100
120
140
with jet
St
0.265
0.067
Maximum CL
1.199
0.062