DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL JODHPUR

Questions From Previous Examinations

[2007-2012]

1.

What is the atomic number of element known as unnilunium in IUPAC system

2.

Find the oxidation number of each sulphur atom in Na 2S2O3

3.

Write the hybridisation state of P in PCl5.

4.

State the Gay Lussacs law and give its equation.

5.

What is the significance of negative deviation for compressibility factor Z for a gas?

6.

Arrange the following set of compounds in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile,
E+ Toluene, p-H3C -C6H4 NO2, p-O2N-C6H4 NO2.
Explain why BeF2 molecule has a zero dipole moment although the BeF bonds are polar

9.

Arrange the following set of compounds in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile, E +
Chlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene
Write the relation between partial pressure of a gas, its mole fraction and total pressure of mixture

10.

Why is Li2CO3 decomposed at a lower temperature whereas Na 2CO3 at higher temperature?

11.

Write the composition of water gas

12.

Why Chlorine has greater electron enthalpy than Fluorine ?

13.

Why water is liquid but hydrogen sulfide is gas ?

14.

Calculate the mass of 2.3 gram atoms of sodium if its atomic mass is 23 u

15.

How will you convert ethene acid into benzene?

16.

Write structures and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of alkenes corresponding to C 5H10.

17.

Which of the following compounds will show cis-trans isomerism?

(i) (CH3)2C = CH C2H5(ii) CH2 = CBr2(iii) C6H5CH = CH CH3(iv) CH3CH = CClCH3
Aspirin has the formula C9 H8 O4 How many moles of aspirin are in a tablet weighing 500 mg?

19.

If for a metal threshold wave length for the photo electric effect is 1 A0 then which of the following radiation
will give photoelectric effect (1A )radiation with wave length of 1nm or (B) radiation with wave length of 1pm

20.

write the name of element with highest ionization energy

21.

How many electrons in an atom may have the following quantum numbers?
n = 5, m= -1/2
Arrange the bonds in order of increasing ionic character in the molecules:
LiF, K2O,N2, SO2 and ClF3.

7.
8.

18.

22.

MUKESH SHARMA

DPS JODHPUR

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23.

24.

Give the hybridization of the central atom of each of the following

H3O+ and CH3+
What is the nodal plane find the number of radial nodal plane in 3p and 4p orbital ?

25.

What do you mean by the term mole fraction of a solute in its solution ?

26.

Consider the following species: N3, O2, F, Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+ ,Arrange them in the order of increasing ionic
radii. ?

27.

What do you mean by the term limiting agent ?

Explain Why Boron is unable to form

ion. ?

28.

What is the maximum number of spectral series and lines in visible region
obtained when the exited electron of a He + atom in n=5 drops to the ground state ?

29.

What designation is given to an orbital having n=3, l=0 ?

30.

what is the general configuration of [d block elements] transition element ?

31.

State modern periodic law

32.

Write the structural formula of hydrocarbon with 5 carbon in which state of hybridization of carbon is sp ,sp ,sp2
sp sp-2

33.

Arrange the following in increasing order of property given

Na ,P,Si, S,Al,Cl [non metallic character ]

34.

Give the equation for the 1st law of thermodynamics for an isolated system.

35.

Define the terms -: ( a) lattice enthalpy (b) bond enthalpy

36.

Calculate the amount of Calcium oxide required when it reacts with 852 gm of P 4O10.
6CaO + P4O102Ca3(PO4)2

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg3(PO4)2 will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms ?

select which one is paramagnetic B2 C2 O2 and N2

37.
38.

In a process, 6501k J of heat is absorbed by a system and 3190 kJ of work is done by the system. What is the
change in internal energy for the process?

39.

Give reasons for the following

a)Beryllium and magnesium do not give colour to flame whereas other alkaline earth metals do so.
b) Alkali and alkaline earth metals cannot be obtained by chemical reduction of their oxides

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40.

arrage following for increasing order of boiling point NH3,H2O and HF ad explain

41.

What is the hybridization of s in SF4 iand SF6 ?

42.

Draw the structural formula of

(a Hex-2-ene (b) but 2-yne
Among the second period elements the actual ionization enthalpies are in the order Na <Al < Mg < Si < S < P <
Cl < Ar.
Explain why(i) Mg has higher iH than Al (ii) S has lower iH than P (iii) why Ar. has highest ionization energy

43.

44.

(a) State Paulis exclusion principle.

(b) Write the electronic configuration of Co+3. & find out the number of unpaired
What do you understand by the term Electron gain enthalpy ? How it is differentfrom Electro negativity

45.

What are the differences between bonding molecular orbitals and anti-bonding molecular orbitals

46.

The drain cleaner, Drainex contains small bits of aluminum which react with caustic soda to produce
dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20 C and one bar will be released when 0.15g of aluminum
reacts?

47.

The critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure ( pc ) of CO 2 are 30.98C and 73 atm

48.

respectively. Can CO2 ( g) be liquefied at 32C and 80 atm pressure?

(a) State Hunds maximum multiplicity principle with an example.
(b) find out the number of unpaired electrons present in Co 2+.

49.

Explain the shape of BrF5

50.
51.

Density of a gas is found to be 5.46 g/dm 3 at 27 C at 2 bar pressure. What will be its density at STP?
Is there any change in the hybridisation of B and N atoms as a result of the following reaction ? (i)BF3 +
NH3 F3 B.NH3 and (ii) BF3 +KF K[BF4]

Arrange the following in increasing order of given property

(a) Ionic size Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+
(b) ionization enthalpy Al, Mg, Si, P,Ca

52.

How much sodium hydroxide whose concentration is 20%w/v is required

acid , H3PO3

53.

Explain the non linear shape of H2S and non planar shape of PCl3 using valence shell electron pair repulsion
theory
(i)Identify and write the name of an oxidant and a reductant in following reaction .
(ii)Write the atoms shwoing change in oxidation state

54.

MUKESH SHARMA

DPS JODHPUR

neutralize 20ml of M/2 of a diprotic

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55.

How many maximum constitutional isomers can be possible for C 4H8 justify your answer by writing their
structure formula

56.

Arrange the elements with the following electronic configurations in increasing

order of electron affinity
i) 1s2,2s2,2p5 (ii) 1s2,2s2,2p3 (iii)1s2,2s2,2p6 (iv) 1s2,2s2,2p4

57.

Describe the effect of :a) addition of H2 (b) addition of N2 (c) removal of NH3 (d) removal of H2 (e)
increasing pressure on the equilibrium of the reaction:

58.

The value of Kc for the reaction

mixture is [A] = [B] = [C] = 3 x 10

59.
60.
61.

62.

-3

is 2 x 10 . At a given time, the composition of reaction

-4

M. In which direction the reaction will proceed?

arrange the following in increasing orde of

(a) ionization energy[C,Ge,Si, Pb and Sn ]
(b) acidic nature of oxides [Tl,In,Ga, Al and B]
Explain why (i)BCl3 Molecule has Zero dipole moment

(i)BF3 and SO3 are both triatomic molecules. Do they have same dipole
moment ? Justify your answer .
(ii)The bond angle of NH3is 107 while that of NF3 is 102.

Predict if the solutions of the following salts are neutral, acidic or basic:
NaCl, KBr, NaCN, NH4NO3, NaNO2 and KF

63.

64.
65.

66.

Find the following for BrF5 molecule

Number of bond angle of Br-S-Br = 900
Hybridization state of Br

What will be the conjugate bases for the Brnsted acids: HF, H2SO4 and HCO3-?
Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of the following compounds :
(i) Pent-2-ene (ii) 3,4-Dimethylhept-3-ene
(i)Why is benzene extra ordinarily stable though it contains three double bonds?
(ii)What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic?

MUKESH SHARMA

DPS JODHPUR

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67.

Explain the structure of diborane with a diagram

68.

Calculate the molarity of a solution of acetaldehyde in water in which the mole fraction of acetaldehyde is
0.025 (assume the density of water to be one).

69.

(a) Write the favorable factors for the formation of Ionic bond.
(b ) Discuss the shape of NH3 molecule using VSEPR theory.

70.

Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 8 g of dioxygen and 4 g of dihydrogen confined in a vessel of 1

dm3 at 27C. R = 0.083 bar dm3 K-1 mol-1.

71.

Apart from tetrahedral geometry, another possible geometry for SiCl4 is square planar with the fourCl atoms
at the corners of the square and the si atom at its centre. Explain why SiCl4 is not square planar ?
A balloon is filled with hydrogen at room temperature. It will burst if pressure exceeds 0.2 bar. If at 1 bar pressure
the gas occupies 2.27 L volume up to what volume can the balloon be expanded ?

73.

Explain why
(i) The bond angle of H2O is 104 while that of F2O is 102.
(ii)H2S has more vapour pressure than H2O under similar conditions. Why?

74.

How is photochemical smog produced? Write down any 2 chemical reactions involved in the formation of
photochemical smog.
Ethyne reacts with an equivalent amount of HCl to form vinyl chloride. In the presence of excess HCl, the final
reaction product is 1,1-dichloroethane. Why is 1,1-dichloroethane formed rather than 1,2-dichloroethane?

76.

(i)

What is the type of hybridisation of each carbon in the following compounds?

(i) HCC- CH2 CN
(ii) How many and bonds are present in the given compound ?

77.

(i) Write the state of hybridization at cetral atom of XeOF 4

(ii ) Discuss the shape of NH3 molecule using VSEPR theory.
(iii) draw the resonating structures of acetate ion

78.

(a) select the nonpolar

72.

75.

1 CH2Cl2

79.

and Polar molecule from the given species place them according to given table

2 SO2 ,3 SO3 , 4 XeF2

Non polar molecule

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Polar molecule

What do you mean by the term nodes in an orbital ,write the name of orbital which is represented by the following
graph for 2 against distance (r) if n=3

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80.

Among the second period elements the actual ionization enthalpies are in the order Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F <
Ne.
Explain why
(i) Be has higher iH than B
(ii) O has lower iH than N and F?
(iii) why Ne has highest ionization energy

81.

When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 300 nm falls on the surface of sodium, electrons are emitted with a
kinetic energy of 1.68 105 J mol-1. What is the minimum energy needed to remove
an electron from sodium? What is the maximum wavelength that will cause a
photoelectron to be emitted ?

82.

The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 x 10 . What is the concentration of phenolate ion in 0.05 M solution

-10

of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the solution is also 0.01M in sodium phenolate?
When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 300 nm falls on the surface of sodium, electrons are emitted with a
kinetic energy of 1.68 105 J mol-1. What is the minimum energy needed to remove
an electron from sodium? What is the maximum wavelength that will cause a
photoelectron to be emitted ?

The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 x 10 -10. What is the concentration of phenolate ion in 0.05 M solution
of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the solution is also 0.01M in sodium phenolate?
83.

(i)CO2 and SO2 are both triatomic molecules. Do they have same dipole moment ? Justify your answer .
(ii)The bond angle of H2O is 104 while that of F2O is 102.
(iii)H2S has more vapour pressure than H2O under similar conditions. Why?
Find the following for SF6 molecule
(i)
Number of bond angle of F-S-F = 900
(ii)
Hbridisation state of S
(iii)
The shape of SF6 and draw it

85.

Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size?
Cu, Cu2+, Au, Au3+. And justify your answer

86.

Which of the following will have the most negative electron gain enthalpy and which the least negative? O, S, Cl,
F. Explain your answer

87.

The density of 3 M solution of NaCl is 1.25 g mL1. Calculate molality of the solution.

88.

Is there any change in the hybridisation of B and N atoms as a result of the following reaction ? BF 3+NH3
F3 B.NH3

89.

write the electronic configuration of (1) chromium (2) chlorine

84.

MUKESH SHARMA

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90.

a what are the designation of orbitals given below

b what are the number of angular nodes in these orbital

Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution.
Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol 1

91.

Calculate the energy required for the process

He+(g) ---------.> He2+(g) + eThe ionization energy for the H atom in the ground state is 2.18 x 10 18J atom

92.

Discuss the shape of the following molecules using the VSEPR model:
BeCl2, ClF3, SiCl4, , SF4,

93.

Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the CO 32- ion

94.

What is the maximum number of electrons those can have m=o if for these electrons n+l = 6

95.

One method used to inflate air bags in cars is to use nitrogen produced chemically from the decomposition of
sodium azide:

2NaN3(s)2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

(1)

The sodium formed reacts with potassium nitrate to give more nitrogen:
10Na + 2KNO3(s) K2O(s) + 5Na2O(s) + N2(g) The sodium formed reacts with potassium nitrate to give more
nitrogen
i) what stoichiometry in terms of mass must be for the sodium azide and potassium nitrate mixed in order that no
metallic sodium remains after the reaction?
ii) Calculate the total mass of the solid mixture needed to inflate a 60 dm3 air bag at O 0C temperature and
atmospheric pressure
96.

The value of Kc = 4.24 at 800K for the reaction,

Calculate equilibrium concentrations of CO 2, H2, CO and H2O at 800 K, if only CO and H2O are present
97.

initially at concentrations of 0.10M each.

For the equilibrium,

the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc is 3.75 x

10-6 at 1069 K. Calculate the Kpfor the reaction at this temperature

98.

write The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in NO 2+, NO3 and NH4+ respectively
Group the following as linear and non-linear molecules : H2O, HOCl, BeCl2, Cl2O
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99.

Give reasons for the following :

(i) Covalent bonds are directional bonds while ionic bonds are nondirectional.
(ii) Water molecule has bent structure whereas carbon dioxide molecule is linear.
(iii) Ethyne molecule is linear.

100. Predict the shapes of the following molecules on the basis of hybridisation.
BCl3, CH4, CO2, NH3

101.

For the reaction at 298 K,

2A + B C
H = 400 kJ mol-1 and S = 0.2 kJ K-1 mol-1
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous
considering H and S to be constant over the temperature range.

102.

The ionization constant of chloroacetic acid is 1.35 x 10 . What will be the pH of 0.1M acid and its 0.1M

-3

sodium salt solution?

103.

The concentration of sulphide ion in 0.1M HCl solution saturated with hydrogen sulphide is 1.0 x 10-19 M. If

10 mL of this is added to 5 mL of 0.04 M solution of the following: FeSO 4, MnCl2, ZnCl2 and CdCl2. in which
104.

of these solutions precipitation will take place?

What is the maximum concentration of equimolar solutions of ferrous sulphate and sodium sulphide so that

when mixed in equal volumes, there is no precipitation of iron sulphide? (For iron sulphide, K sp = 6.3 x 10-18).
105. classify the following compound as polar and non polar and place them in given table
BF3 , CO , XeF2 ,H2S
Nature
1
2
1 Polar
2 Non polar
106. What is meant by hybridisation of atomic orbitals? Describe sp2 hybridisation in ethene molecule

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107. Electrons present in it. Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their
magneticProperties on the basis of MOT (i) O2, (ii) O2+

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fill in the blank space in the given table related to spectrum of hydrogen

108. Draw the structure of each of the following compounds:

a. 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane
b. 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane
c. 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane
109. Among the following pairs of orbitals which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge? (i) 2s and
3s, (ii) 4d and 4f, (iii) 3d and 3p.

110. The ejection of the photoelectron from the silver metal in the photoelectric effect experiment can be stopped by
applying the voltage of 0.35 V when the radiation 256.7 nm is used. Calculate the work function for silver metal

111. Show that the circumference of the Bohr orbit for the hydrogen atom is an integral multiple of the de Broglie
wavelength associated with the electron revolving around the orbit

112. (b) draw the bond line formula of the following

(1) pentane-2,3-dione (2) 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dieneal

113. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon and oxygen atoms in the following compound

114. How will you convert benzene into

(i) p-nitrobromobenzene (ii) m- nitrochlorobenzene (iii) p nitrotoluene (iv) acetophenone?

115. Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitutions with
difficulty?

116. Give the systematic name for each of the following compounds:

117. Which of the following compounds would you expect to have a dipole moment? If the molecule has a dipole
moment, specify its direction.
(a) BF3 (b) H2O (c) CH4(d) CH3Cl (e) CH2O (f) HCN
(b)

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Why water has bent shaped and ammonia has trigonal pyramidal in spite of same hybridization in case of both?

118. Calculate the no. of molecules and atoms in:

i. 2 moles of Water
ii. 3 moles of ammonia

119. Calculate the hybridization of the bold atom in followings:

i. H2SO4
ii. NO3
120. Write 4 differences between Sigma and Pie bond

121. Calculate the debroglie wavelength for the a ball of 100 gm moving with velocity 10 m s-1

122. Define:
a. Hund's Rule of maximum multiplicity
b. Afbau Principal

123. Arrange the following on the basis of properties indicated:

a. F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 ( Bond dissociation energy)
b. Na, Ca, N , Ne (Atomic Size)

124. (i)How would you justify the presence of 18 elements in the 5th period of the Periodic Table?
(ii) Explain why Be has higher iH(ionisation enthalpy) than B

125. what is the correct increasing order of the given property

(i) Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+ [ atomic and ionic size ]
(ii) Na, , Al, Mg and Si [ionisation enthalpy]
126. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?(a)
Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH
(b) CH3CH2COOH > (CH3)2CHCOOH > (CH3)3C.COOH
127. Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit.

2
2

(a) CH3CH2Br + HS CH3CH2SH + Br

(b) (CH3)2 C = CH2 + HCl (CH3)2 ClCCH3
(c) CH3CH2Br + HO CH2 = CH2 + H2O + Br
(d) (CH3)3 C CH2 OH + HBr (CH3)2 CBrCH2CH3 + H2O
128. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds :

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129. (i)Identify and write the name of an oxidant and a reductant in following reaction .
(ii)Write the atoms shwoing change in oxidation state

130. Describe the shapes of BF3 and BH4. Assign the hybridisation of boron in these species.

131. A vessel of 120 mL capacity contains a certain amount of gas at 35 C and 1.2 bar pressure. The gas is transferred
to another vessel of volume 180 mL at 35 C. What would be its pressure?
132. Write structures of all the alkenes which on hydrogenation give 2-methylbutane

133. Amongst N O, SO , I and I , the linear species are ______ and ________.
2
2
3
3
Explain Hydrogen Bonding (its types) with example and its consequences

134. Explain the types of inter molecular forces between:

a. Ethyl alcohol and water
b. Na ion and Chloride ion
c. Iodine molecule

Explain following :(i)Why is KO2 paramagnetic?

(ii)Why does the solubility of alkaline earth metal hydroxides in water increase down the group?
(iii)Beryllium and magnesium do not give colour to flame whereas other alkaline earth metals do so. Why?
135. When metal X is treated with sodium hydroxide, a white precipitate (A) is obtained, which is soluble in excess of
NaOH to give soluble complex (B). Compound (A) is soluble in dilute HCl to form compound (C). The compound
(A)when heated strongly gives (D), which is used to extract metal. Identify (X), (A), (B), (C) and (D). Write
suitable equations to support their identities.

136. What do you understand by (a) inert pair effect (b) allotropy and (c) catenation?

137. Classify the following as aromatic ,nonaromatic and anti aromatic

H
N

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

138. The combustion of one mole of benzene takes place at 298 K and 1 atm. After combustion, CO 2(g) and H2O (l) are
produced and 3267.0 kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, f H0 of benzene.
Standard enthalpies of formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l)are 393.5 kJ mole1 and 285.83 kJ
mol1 respectively.

139. A sample of 0.50 g of an organic compound was treated according to Kjeldahls method. The ammonia evolved
was absorbed in 50 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4. The residual acid required 60 mL of 0.5 M solution of NaOH for
neutralisation. Find the percentage composition of nitrogen in the compound.
140. (i)Draw the structure of (i) BeCl2 (vapour) (ii) BeCl2 (solid) (iii)B2H6

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OR
(ii)Lithium is least reactive among all the alkali metals. On combustion in air it forms mainly monoxide, and the
nitride, unlike other alkali metals. write the balanced reactions for combustion in air to form monoxide and the
nitride
141. (i) Classify following oxides as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:

CO, B2O3, SiO2, CO2, Al2O3, PbO2,

(ii) Write three suitable chemical equations to show acidic, basic or amphoteric nature.
142. Write down the equation for following reactions
(i)wurtz reaction (ii) fridel craft alkylation reaction (iii) ozonolysis of an alkene

143. If water vapour is assumed to be a perfect gas, molar enthalpy change for vapourisation of 1 mol of water at 1bar
and 100C is 41kJ mol1. Calculate the internal energy change, when.
(i) 1 mol of water is vaporised at 1 bar pressure and 100C.
(ii) 1 mol of water is converted into ice.
144. Permanganate (VII) ion, MnO4 in basic solution oxidises iodide ion, I to produce molecular iodine (I2) and
manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2). Write a balanced ionic equation to represent this redox reaction.

145. (i) Classify following oxides as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:CO, B2O3, SiO2, CO2, Al2O3, PbO2, (ii) Write
three suitable chemical equations to show acidic, basic or amphoteric nature.

146. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of potassium dichromate (VI), K 2Cr2O7 with sodium sulphite, Na2SO3,
in an acid solution to give chromium (III) ion and the sulphate ion.

147. Explain the variation of following periodic properties along the period and down the group:
a. Atomic size
b. Electronegativity
c. Ionization Energy

148. Draw the Born Haber Cycle for formation of NaCl

XeF4 is planar whereas CCl4 is tetrahedral because

Predict which of the following quantum numbers are not possible

149. Calculate the molarity of solution prepared by mixing of 18.25 gms of HCl in 1 litre. And find out the new
molarity if 3.25 gm of HCl is lost and the volume is reduced to 600 ml
150. Calculate Bond order, arrange on the basis of bond stability and write electronic configuration of
O2 , O2 + and O2 -1 Or N2 , N2 + and N2 -1

3
3

151. (i)Which benzene ring is more electron denser than other one and why ?

O
CH3

(ii) Which resonance contributor makes the greater contribution to the resonance hybrid and why?

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(iii) Arrange the following group in increasing order of I effect

Fluoro, methyl, carboxy and nitro

152. Write the structures of the following compounds

((i) 3-Methylbutanal
(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone (iii)4-Chloropentan-2-one
153.

Name the following compound by the IUPAC method.

154. The combustion of one mole of benzene takes place at 298 K and 1 atm. After combustion, CO 2(g) and H2O (l) are
produced and 3267.0 kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, f H0 of benzene.
Standard enthalpies of formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l)are 393.5 kJ mole1 and 285.83 kJ mol1 respectively.
155. Write the structures of the following compounds
(i) p-methyl benzaldehyde
(ii) Hex-4-en-2-ynoic acid
(iii) 2-methoxycyclopentane carboxylic acid
OR
Name the following compound by the IUPAC method.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
156.

(i) Consider the Graph of pressure of a gas, P vs. 1/V

arrange the temperature(T1,T2 and T3) in increasing order
(ii) Consider the Graph of Variation of compressibility factor for some gases find the gas which shows +ve
deviations only and why

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(iii)Consider the Isotherms of carbon dioxide at various temperatures and find critical temperature of CO 2
157. Explain the following with reason:
a. Why Nitrogen molecule is unreactive
b. Why the o nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p nitro phenol
c. Why the bond angle in H2O is 104o5' whereas in H2S is 94o
d. Why all the bonds in PCl5 are not equivalent
e. Why Xenon forms compounds with Fluorine
158. Write the IUPAC names of following
CH 3

H 3C

C
CH 3

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CHCH 3

CH 3

CH 2

CH 2 CH CH 3

CH 3

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)
159. Write the IUPAC names of following

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Write the IUPAC names of following

160. What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in each of the following molecules?

161. Three isotopes of magnesium occur in nature. Their abundances and masses,
determined by mass spectrometry, are listed in the following table. Use this information to calculate the
atomic weight of magnesium

Methane and propane are both constituents of natural gas. Asample of methane con-tains 5.70 g of carbon and
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1.90 g of hydrogen, whereas a sample of propane contains4.47 g of carbon and 0.993 g of hydrogen. Show
that the two substances obey the law ofmultiple proportions.
162. If a 1 g body is traveling along the x-axis with an uncertainty in velocity of 1 cm/s, what is theoretical uncertainty 5
in its position? (b) If an electron is traveling with uncertainty in velocity of 1 m/s, what is the theoretical
uncertainty in its position
How far from the nucleus is the electron in a hydrogen atom if it has energy of
0.850 eV.
163. First and second l.E. of few elements given belowi.E.1 (Kj/mole) l.E.2 (kj/ mole)
(1)
520
7300
(2)
1680
3380
(3)
2370
5250
(a) Which is alkaline metal ?
(b) Which is reactive non-metal ?
(c) Which is noble gas ?
Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing
molecular (acidic) character: SO3, Cl2O7, CaO, and PbO2
The ionic radii of N 3 , O2 , F and Na
164. These are certain exceptions to the properties of the elements.
(a)
Name the metal which is liquid at room temperature?
(b)
Name the non-metal which is a solid with an extremely high melting point.
(c)
Which non-metal is a liquid at room temperature?
(d)
Which two elements would you expect to combine in the most violent fashion?
165. Calculate the wavelength in angstrom of the photon that is emitted when an electron in Bohr orbit n = 2 returns to
the orbit n = 1 in the hydrogen atom. Th ionization potential of the ground state of hydrogen atom is 2.17

1011 erg per atom.

A photon of 300 nm is absorbed by a gas and then re-emits two photons. One re-emitted photon has wavelength
496 nm. Calculate the energy of the other photon re-emitted out.
166. A reaction requires pure anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4. Only an unidentified hydrate of calcium sulfate,
CaSO4.xH2O, is available.
(a) We heat 67.5 g of unknown hydrate until all the water has been driven off. The resulting mass of pure
CaSO4 is 53.4 g. What is the formula of the hydrate, and what is its formula weight?
(b) Suppose we wish to obtain enough of this hydrate to supply 95.5 grams of CaSO4. How many grams
should we weigh out?
Caproic acid, the substance responsible for the aroma of dirty gym socks and runningshoes, contains carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. On combustion analysis, a 0.450 g sam-ple of caproic acid gives 0.418 g of H2O
and 1.023 g of CO2 What is the empiricalformula of caproic acid? If the molecular mass of caproic acid is
116.2 amu, what is th emolecular formula?
167. Predict the shapes of the following molecules using the VSEPR model: any three
BeCl2, SiCl4, ClF3
Br F5
(b) covalent character: LiCl, LiBr, LiI; (c) melting point: NaCl, , AlCl 3

Dipole moment of HX is 2.59 x 1030 coulomb-metre. Bond length of HX is 1.39. Calculate percentage
ionic character of molecule.

NH3 and NF3 both are pyramidal molecules but there is big difference in their dipole moment, why ?
Explain the observed bond angle order. Cl 2O H2O F2O
168. Write balanced equations for the reactions between each of the following oxides and water. (a) Li 2O
(c) SO3
write the value of principal and azimuthal quantum number in the blank space of the given plots
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169.

Match the following

What will be correct order of bond energy for the given bonds
The correct order of increasing bond angle in NO2, N O2 and N O2 is

170. The nitrate ion, has three equivalent oxygen atoms, and its electronic structureis a resonance hybrid of three 5
electron-dot structures. Draw them.
N2OCalled laughing gas, nitrous oxide is sometimes used by dentists as an anesthetic. Given the connections N
NO draw two electron-dot resonance structures for N2 O.
What bond angles do you expect for each of the following?
(a) The ClPCl angle in PCl6(b) The ClICl angle in ICl22(c) The OSO angle in SO4
(d) The OBO angle in BO33
171. What shape do you expect for molecules that meet the following descriptions?
(a) Acentral atom with two lone pairs and three bonds to other atoms
(b) A central atom with two lone pairs and two bonds to other atoms
(c) A central atom with two lone pairs and four bonds to other atom
In the cyanate ion, OCN- carbon is the central atom.
(a) Draw as many resonance structures as you can for, OCN - and assign formal charges to the atoms in each.
(b) Which resonance structure makes the greatest contribution to the resonance hybrid? Which makes

172.

A 100 watt bulb emits monochromatic light of wavelength 400 nm. Calculate the number of photons emitted per
second by the bulb
An electronic transition from n = 2 to n = 1 energy level results in the emission of X-rays with =300. In which
hydrogen like species does this transition take place?

173. Explain giving reason: for any five

ClF2 is linear, but the ion ClF2 is bent
Why He2 molecule cannot exist
Two different bond lengths are observed in PF5 but only one bond length observed in SF6
PH5 is not possible while PCl5 is
SnCl2 is ionic but SnCl4 is covalent
Salt like KHF2 is stable but KHCl2 is not known

174. (a) Predict in which of the following, entropy increases/decreases :

(i) A liquid crystallizes into a solid.
(ii) Temperature of a crystalline solid is raised from 0 K to 115 K.

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(b)One mole of an ideal gas underwent a reversible isothermal expansion until its volume was doubled. If
the gas performed 1 kJ of work, what was its temperature?
OR
(a)
For each of the following processes, state which of the quantities U, H, S, and G are equal to zero:
a. Isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas.
b. Adiabatic reversible expansion of a nonideal gas.
c. Vaporization of liquid water at 100 C and 1 bar pressure.
(b) The values of H and S for a chemical reaction are 85.2 kJ mol1 and 170.2 J K1
mol1, respectively, and the values can be taken to be independent of temperature.
Below what temperature reaction will be spontaneous ?
175. (a)
For each of the following processes, state which of the quantities U, H, S, and G are equal to zero:
a. Isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas.
b. Adiabatic reversible expansion of a nonideal gas.
c. Vaporization of liquid water at 100 C and 1 bar pressure.

(b) The values of H and S for a chemical reaction are 85.2 kJ mol1 and 170.2 J K1
mol1, respectively, and the values can be taken to be independent of temperature.
Below what temperature reaction will be spontaneous ?
176. a. Which of the following compounds can exist as cistrans isomers? For those compounds, draw and label the cis
and trans isomers.

B Give the structure and IUPAC name of major product of each of the following reactions:

177. Write the structural formula of [A],[B] ,[C]and [D] in the following sequence of reactions

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(b) Write the structure and IUPAC name of major product of the following reactions

178. (a) Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their magnetic properties;
O2,

(superoxide),

(peroxide)

(b) Although geometries of NH3 and H2O molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that
of ammonia. Discuss.
179. (a)
For the reaction at 298 K,

2A + B C ,H = 400 kJ mol1 and S = 0.2 kJ K1 mol1

At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering H and S to be constant over the
temperature range
(b)
One mole of an ideal gas underwent a reversible isothermal expansion until its volume was doubled. If the gas
performed 1 kJ of work, what was its temperature?
180. (a)Why is benzene extra o rdinarily stable though it contains three double bonds?(b) How will you convert benzene 5
into
(i) p-nitrobromobenzene
(ii) m-nitrochlorobenzene
(iii) p -nitrotoluene
181. (a)
5
Arrange benzene, n-hexane and ethyne in decreasing order of acidic behaviour. Also give reason for this
behaviour.
(b).
Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromopropane, while in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, the same reaction
yields 1-bromopropane. Explain and give mechanism.

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182. (a)
For each of the following processes, state which of the quantities U, H, S, and G are equal to zero:
i. Isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas.
ii. Adiabatic reversible expansion of a nonideal gas.
iii. Vaporization of liquid water at 100 C and 1 bar pressure.

(b) The enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at 298 K are, 890.3 kJ mol1 393.5 kJ mol
1
, and 285.8 kJ mol1 respectively. Enthalpy of formation of CH4(g) will be
183. (a) What is meant by hybridisation of atomic orbitals? Describe the shapes of sp, sp2, sp3 hybrid orbitals.
5
(b) Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the

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