Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Aung Myo Min, director of Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB)
for his invaluable insight and suggestions. I am indebted to Maung Hla, chairperson of Burma Refugee
Organization (Malayasia), Blogger Demowaiyen, Blogger Kamikaze, and book designer Goldninjar (GNJ) for
their support and assistance with the publication of this book. Moreover, I owe gratitude to the Venerable
Ashin Issariya, a leader of All Burma Monks Alliance (ABMA), to Mum Carol, and to Garrett Kostin, manager
of The Best Friend Library - Chiang Mai, for their activities and special attention to Burmese refugees and
Burma issues. Finally, I wish to record in my mind and book my gratitude to Myo Thein, Director of Burma
Blogger Alinsek
8.June.2010
Preface
There are people and organizations that assert—and perhaps even believe—that because
ethnic-Burmese Buddhists are the majority population of Burma, they therefore do not suffer oppression
or injustice at the hands of the military government of that country. This, however, is a tragic misconcep- w
tion that adversely affects the lives of tens of thousands of asylum-seekers in Malaysia, and indeed
millions of Burmese in their own country.
ac
While the UNHCR does extremely admirable work protecting scores of victims of violence and
abuse around the world, it is alarming that a blind eye and an unsympathetic ear seemed to be turned towards
the plethora of research, documentation, and personal testimonials indicating that abuse of, and disregard for, so
human rights against all people in Burma has been systematic and endemic for decades. It is in hopes of
redressing this situation that this book appears.
Burma is one of the least ethnically-homogenous countries in the world. Just a few of the different W
groups include the Kachin, Karenni, Karen, Chin, Burmese (Burman), Mon, Arakan, and Shan. One could argue
that certain groups face more rights abuses than others, but is this a distinction that we should even need
to make? The reality is that all Burmese people—ethnic Burmans and those of other ethnicities—have been re
suffering under the repression of the military dictatorship for many decades. Likewise, all are deserving of to
refuge, protection, and asylum from persecution, as asserted by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In the absence of of¿cial protection of all refuge-seekers from Burma, this book aims to provide of
knowledge to victims of discrimination and oppression so that they may be better able to defend and protect se
themselves. It is my personal desire that this collection of information, essays, and poetry will also encourage
optimism and empowerment in readers.
th
The author of this collection knows of the issues addressed here ¿rst-hand. As a politically-active re
and irrepressible free-thinker, the ruling Burmese military regime would consider him one of their biggest
enemies, and a threat to their continued hold on power. His living outside of Burma is imperative if he is to
continue his reporting on Burma and his work seeking to help all people of Burma, as well as have a chance la
at ensuring his personal safety. Because of this, and because his situation is not at all unique among Burmese
exiles and migrants, the UNHCR owes all Burmese asylum-seekers an equal chance to lead a life of dignity and
safety, regardless of their ethnicity or religion. ha
T
I ¿rst met Alinsek last year when I needed suggestions and assistance to set up a new branch of w
a Burmese library and information center in Chiang Mai, Thailand. His energy, knowledge, and sharp, powerful
thinking skills impressed me immediately. I am honored to be able to continue our working partnership, and to
have been asked to write the preface for this collection. Alinsek knows exactly what he wants for the future of th
Burma (peace, democracy, and freedom from oppression), what he’s doing (working tirelessly and fearlessly to ar
attain these goals), and he won’t stop. For this I thank and respect him. ra
May we all work together so that all victims of injustice, violence, and fear in Burma and around
the world one day have the chance to lead happy, self-determined, free lives. 19
in
Garrett Kostin
The Best Friend Library (Chiang Mai)
ch
http://www.thebestfriend.org/ Co
http://www.thebestfriend.org/chiangmai/
pr
w
kn
Letter from Myo Thein of Burma Democratic Concern(BDC)
se
on Burma, the country with around 60 million people, is located in South East Asia shares the border
ep- with China, Laos, Thailand, Bangladesh and India. The military has dominated government since 1962.
ed
In Burma, if you talk about “human rights” then the regime will labeled you as the
activist working against them.
nd
ds If you ask what does “human rights” mean then the answer will varies from something “scary”,
or, something “regime doesn’t like” or something it will put you in “trouble”.
of
Yes, it is true. Human rights mean a big monster which ruling junta hated most in Burma.
ent Why?
ue
ed The people of Burma have been suffering under one of the world’s most brutal and repressive
en regimes since the military has dominated government for more than ¿ve decades. The junta uses murder,
of torture, rape, political imprisonment and forced labour as practices for ruling the citizens of Burma.
s.
One child in three under the age of ¿ve is already suffering from malnutrition, less than 50 per cent
de of children will complete ¿ve years of education. In Burma, people face complete lack of access to basic social
ect services such as health services, and water sanitation.
ge
Under the military generals, poverty has soared and corruption is growing. Burma spends less
than $3 per person per year on health and education well below the World Health Organization
ve recommended level of $40 per person.
est
to The economic crisis and instability in Burma is driving waves of Burmese children into hard
ce labour, begging and the sex trade. Children under the age of 18 are about 40% of Burma population.
se
nd The military junta does not consider children’s development and welfare as a priority and used almost
half of the state budget is spent to the arm, leaving very little for the vital education and health care systems.
The worst forms of child labour can be seen in Burma in the army, the construction industry, domestic
of work, and the mines or in different places.
ful
to Children are by no means exempt from the forced labour imposed on hundreds of thousands of
of the Burmese population by military. Moreover, the military continues to forcibly recruit children into the
to army, some as young as eleven years old. Military forced young girls to serve as porters and sometimes
rape and used them as sexual slaves.
nd The Burmese government spends seven times less on education than on the armed forces. Since
1990, government expenditure on civilian education has dropped by 70 percent, and the most recent statistics
indicate that spending on education is currently equivalent to less than 1% of the GDP.
ostin
tin
Mai)
ai) According to World Bank ¿gures, Burma’s military government spends only $0.28 per year for every
child in a public school. In Burma, power is centred on the ruling junta--the State Peace and Development
.org/
rg/ Council, or SPDC--which maintains strict authoritarian rule over the people of Burma.
mai/
ai/
Yes, in this prison state, Burma, the human rights means “the term which will send you to
prison”, and the regime regards talking about human rights as “talking about politics which they
would justify imprison people of Burma”.
Until 1988, people of Burma hardly ever heard of “human rights” and hardly ever
know “what are our rights”.
Human rights in Burma are a long-standing concern for the international community
and human rights organizations.
In 1990, people voted for the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi.
The ruling junta refuses to hand over power. Instead junta put Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest
and now again in 2010, junta is planning to hold sham election in order to nullify 1990 election results *
and to legitimise military rule in Burma.
*
This is the most signi¿cant and the most well-known junta abuses of rights of people of Burma.
*
In this situation, I can see the light in the darkness which I would refer to say “Candle in the dark”
when I learnt that Alinsatt’s book writing about the human rights and what are our rights. *
ࠛ
I sincerely wish this book a success and above all, may all the people of Burma could read this
pieces and learn what are their rights are which would be contributing towards earning for our own rights.
-ࠌࠧ
In solidarity,
-ࠌࠧ
Myo Thein
-ࠌࠧ
Burma Democratic Concern (BDC)
-ࠌࠧ
http://www.bdcburma.org
http://bdcburma.wordpress.com/ -ࠌࠧ
http://bdc-burma.blogspot.com/
http://twitter.com/bdcburma -߿
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kut2ORlerOg
ࠋ࠳
-࠲ࠏ
-ࠌࠧ
-U
-ࠖ
-ࠕ
-߿
-߿
-ࠖ
-ࠓ ࠥ
-ࠖ
-ࠔ
ity
ࠛࠓ࠴ࠤ߿ࠤ
Kyi.
est
lts *࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߽࠘࠭ࠤࠊࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰߿ࠧ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤࠩࠕࠕࠤࠊࠤࠗࠎ࠰࠭ ࠀࠕࠤࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠛࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠜࠕࠥࠔࡄ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠤ߿ࠤ
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠀࠥࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ
-߿߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿ࠤࠎࠏ࠰ࠕࠥߺࡇࠤࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫࠩࠕࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊ࠳ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣ࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠙ࠤ ࠊ࠘ࠦࠏࠧࡈࠖࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠕࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠭ࠔࠨ࠳߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
- ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠪࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠩࠊ࠳ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡺࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠴ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
-ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
-߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤࡀ
-R
-ࠖࠧࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠀࠥࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ -R
-ࠖࠧࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡄ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ -ࠛ
-ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤ߿ࠤࠊࠓ࠰
-ࠌࠧ
-ߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠓ࠙ࠤࠓ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦࡶ࠭ࠧ ( UNHCR )
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠓ࠙ࠤࠓ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠛ
-࠘ߺࡆࠕࠤࠁ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠵ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ UNHCR ࠛࡦߺࠦࠛߺࠪ Anti࠵no Guterres ࡄ ࠛࠍࠥߺࠕࠄ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ (࠷) ࠕࠏ࠰ -ࠒ
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕ
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦ࠲߾࠰ ࠛ
-“
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠺) ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠕ
-ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
-ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
-ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
-RSD ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰࠲ࠏࠏ࠭ࠧ
-ࠛࠔࠨ࠭߿ࠤࠩࠕࠎࠄ࠰
࠲ࠓ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓ
-ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰
ࠩࠖ
ࠒࠨ
ࠓߺ
ࠩࠕ
ࡵ࠴߿
࠙ࠥ
ࠕ࠳ߺ
ࠓ࠘
ࠌࠧߺ
࠘࠳
࠘ࠨ
ࠧࠥ߾
࠘ࠨ
ߺ࠰
ࠌࠦࠖ
ࠖࠥ
ࠓࠥࠓ
ࠩࠏ
࠶
ࠛࠓ࠴ࠤ߿ࠤ
ߺࠎ࠰ࡹࠋࠪߺࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠏࠣࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠔ࠰ࠊࠪࡀ ߿ࠤࠩࠕ
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖࠧ࠭ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠥࠩߺ࠱ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠋࠓ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠎࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣࠩ߿࠙ࠧࠀࠧࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰……….. ࠩࠕ
ࠛࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠜࠕࠥࠔ(ࠎࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤࠩࠕࠕࠤࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠭) ߾࠰
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠎࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖࠧ࠭ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ߽࠘࠭ࠤࠊࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰߿ࠧ ࠌࠧߺ
http://www.thebestfriend.org ߺ
ࠔࠨ
࠲ࠏ
ࠓ࠱
ࠓࠩ
ࠊ࠳
ࠓࡤ
࠷ ࠸
ࠔ࠰
ࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠕࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࡹ ࠊࠥࠩࠏࠪࠕࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠵ࠎ࠰࠭
)࠭ ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦࠕ࠭ࠧࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠐࠊ࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪࠊࠪࡵ࠴߿࠰ (࠷ࠗ) ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ߺࠤࠖߺ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠪࠕࠊࠪ
ࠏࠣ߾࠰
߾߿ࠧ
߿ࠧ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠊࠥࠕࠖࠤࠓࠥࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠶࠾࠽࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠴ࠤ
BMA)
A) ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠛࠤࠉࠤ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࡹ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠤࠪࠊࠪࠛࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
d.org
org ߺ࠱ࠩࠎࠤ࠰ࠛࠏࠣࠛࠗ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ߺࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠖࠥࠧࡹ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠳ࡹࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠪࡹ ࠒࠎ࠰ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡹࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠧࡵ
ࡵ࠴࠴߿࠰ ࠔࠨࠛࠎ࠰ࠛࠥࠏ࠰࠱࠰߿ࠦࠛࠤߺ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠊࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠭ࠪࠕࠊࠪ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡹ࠲ࠏࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩࠖࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠖࠔ࠰ࠪࠕࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠓ࠱ߺ࠰߿ࠥࠋࠪ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠔࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠤࠓࠥࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠷ ࠸
ࠋࠧࠊ
ࠋ
߿ࠞ
࠘ࠨ
ࠎࠔ
ߺ
ࠩࠊ
࠲ࠏ
࠲ࠐ
ࠌࠧߺ
ࠓࠓ
ࠒࠦ
࠺
ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠗ࠘ࠨ ࠞࠦࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠖ࠴ࡄ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠤ߿ࠤ
࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠕࠪࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠩ߿࠱߾࠰ࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠒࠦࠛࠤࠛࠥࠧࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡹࠓ࠴ ࠓࠨࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠗࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠕࠏࠣࠩࠊࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰߾࠰ࠑ࠱ࠤ....
ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠖ࠴(ࠒࠦࠛࠤࠛࠥࠧ)
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕ࠭ࠧ
http://www.bromalaysia.com
࠺.ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ.࠷࠵࠶࠵
࠺
߿ࠤࠩࠕ࠘ࠨ ࠒࠩࠖࠤ࠰ࠣ ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ ࡄࠛࠓ࠴ࠤ߿ࠤ
ࠏࠥࠧࠏࠥࠧࡥࠏࠦ ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ߺࠥ
*ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ ࠎ߿࠰ࠎࠤࠪ࠘ࠩ
ࠨ ࠊ࠳ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠕࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣࠩ߿ࡀ ࠥࠖ
ࠧ
ࠒࠩࠖࠤ࠰ࠣ ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰
߿ࠤ
࠻ ࠼
ࠛࠎ࠰(࠶)
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠛࠩࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠐ
࠲ࠏࠫ߿ࠧ
ࠛ߿࠭ࠧ
ࠊࠎ࠰
ߺ࠱߾࠰
ࠓࡈ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ UNHCR ࠙ࠤ ߿ࠨࠏࠣ ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭߿࠭ࠧ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠏࠣࠒࠨࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠕࠪࡺ
ࠀߺ࠰
ߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡹ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠩࠊ࠳ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠕࠓ ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠭ࠕࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠪ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ
ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠩࠏࠐࠥࠧࡹ ࠓ࠘߾࠰ࠏࠣࠒࠨࡀ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࠊ࠳ ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡹ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠊ࠳ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ
߿ࠤࠎࠤࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࠊࠪ ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡹ ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰(࠘ࠥࠧࡹ)ࠥࠧࠖ࠭࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠕ࠴ࠥࠋࠤ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ࠕࠪ ࠁࠎࠦ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࠊࠧࠥࡹࠎࠪࡹ
࠻ ࠼
ࠛ
࠶࠾
ࠖࠨ
ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠊ࠳ ߺࠥࠧࠖࠪ ࠛࠄࠦࠛࠓ࠴࠱ ࠕࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘߾࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠙ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠋ࠳ߺ
ࠄ࠴
ࠔࠨ
߾࠰ࠩ
ࠏࠥ߾
ࠧ
࠽ ࠾
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࡤߺࠦ ࡄ‘ Handbook on Procedures and Criteria For Determining Refugee Status ’ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠄࡰࠎ࠰ ߿ࠤࠛࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠖࠨ࠘ࠤ࠱߾࠰ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠖ߿ࠤࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ (ࠞࠏࠓࠤ-ࠋࠧࠥ߾࠰ ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤ) ࠊ࠳߾࠰ UNHCR ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠳߾࠰
߿࠳ࠤ
࠘߾࠰ ߿ ߿࠰ ࠏ ࠳ࠪ ࠓ ࠱ࠤࠩ ࡤ ߺࠤ ߾࠰ࠩ ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠖ ࠄ࠰ࠩ ߺࠤ ߾࠰ ߿ࠤ ࠎ ࠏ࠰ ࠕࠥ ߺ ࡇࠤ ࠏ ࠱ ߺ࠰ ࠖ ࠏ࠰ ࠲ ߾࠰ ࡵ ࠴ ߾࠰ ࠖࠨ ࠓ ࠱ࠥ ࠫࠩ ࠕ ࠛ ࡤ ߺ ࠓ࠰ ࠐ ࠱ ߺ࠰ ࠖࠧ ࠏ࠰ ࠓ ࠩ ࠊ ࠳ࠩ ࡤ ߺࠤ ߾࠰
࠘ࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ
߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ࠭߿ࠤࠋࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠊࠔ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࡹ ࠔࠨࠀࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠰
ures)
es) ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓࠪࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ߺࠥࠧ ࠒࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺ ߺࠨࠄࠦ࠘ࠖࠪ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ UNHCR ߺࠩࠎ ࠘ࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠎ࠰ ࠷࠵ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠷࠺ ࠘ࠎ࠰
࠽ ࠾
ࡵ࠴߾
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠙ࠤ ࠊ࠘ࠦࠏࠧࡈࠖࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠕࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠭ࠔࠨ࠳߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠖࠤ ࠛ
߿ࠥࠧࠕࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘࠲ࠏࠐࠥࠧࡹࠖࠥࠧࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠀࠥࠧࠑࠥࠧࠓ࠴ࠤ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠛࠤࠐࠕࠥߺ Great Lakes ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠪࠊࠪ ࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ࠛ߿ࠧࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤ
߾࠰
߿߿ࠕ
߿߿࠰
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠪࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠩࠊ࠳ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡺࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠴ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤ
࠶࠵ ࠶
࠶࠶
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠏࠐࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠋࠤ ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠙ࠤ
ߺ࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠙ࠤ
ࠕࠎ࠰
࠶࠵
࠵ ࠶࠶
ߺ࠰ࠊࠪ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࡦߺࠦ ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪࡤߺࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ
UNHCRࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡹ
UNHCR ࠔ߾࠰ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࡶ࠭ࠧࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡹࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠓ࠱ࠥࠫࠏ
࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠖ࠴ࠔ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘
࠘ࠓ
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤ
ࠐ࠱
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠄ࠰ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠏࠣࡀ
ࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠖࠤ
ࠖࠥ߾
࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠨ
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠤ
࠶࠷ ࠶
࠶࠸
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠩࠎࠌࠣࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠓࠛࠩࠏࡅࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠊࠕࠤࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࡥࠏࠦ ࠓ࠱ࠥࠫࠏ࠳ࠤࠛࡊࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠊࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ (Genital Mutilation) ߺࠥࠧࠓࠊࠕࠤ࠭ࠕࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ࠓࠦ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠩࠓ࠳ߺ߾࠰߿
ࠀࠥࠧ
ࠛ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠷
࠷ ࠶࠸
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨࠄࠦ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ ࠩࠏࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠓࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧࠩࠊࠤ ࠛ߿ࠤࠓࠋࠥࠧࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣࠒࠨࡀ
ࠩߺ
ࠩࠕ
ߺ࠱ߺ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺ
U
UNH
UNHCR ࠛࠩࠎࠎࠪࡹ ߺࠓࡡࠤࡤߺߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠎࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡹ (The Red Cross ) , UNICEF , Save The Children ࠊࠥࠧࡹࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠨࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ߺࠤ ࠘ࠨ
ࠏࠄ
࠶࠹ ࠶
࠶࠺
ࠊ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠱ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ (Resettlement) ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ UNHCR ࠕࠪࡺ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠩࠊ࠳ߺ ࠒࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠖࠪ
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕࠤ
ࠄ࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠞࠦ߿ࠤࠩࠏࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ
ࠛࠕ
nda)
da) ߿ࠄ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠎࠊࠊ࠰ࠊࠪ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛ࠱߾࠰ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠔ࠰࠱ࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠥࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠔࠒࠨࠔ࠱ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠫࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠶࠹
࠹ ࠶࠺
ࠩࠎ࠱߾࠰ࠊࠪ ࠖࠨࠓ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠥࠧࠖࠥࠧࠖࠤࡤߺࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠪࠌࠦࠖࠥࠧ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ UNHCR ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ
߾࠰
ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠭ࠩ߿ࠖࠥࠧࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
U
UNH
ࠊࠊࠥࠔࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠻ ࠶
࠶࠼
ߺ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠳߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠕ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠙ࠤ
stine
ne ࠔ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓߺࠨࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓࠪࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠕࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓࠪ
ࠋࠤ
ߺ࠰
ࡥࠏࠦ
NHCR
CR
࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࠊࠪ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠊ࠰
࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠔ࠰ࡀ
߾࠭ࠕ࠴ࠥ
߾࠰
࠘ࠕࠪࡺ
࠶࠻
࠻ ࠶࠼
ࠛࠎ࠰( ࠷ )
ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠖࠧࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡄ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠔࠨࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷ࡀ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠖࠨࡹࠧࠉ࠰࠘ࠥߺࡇࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠽
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤ߿ࠤࠊࠓ࠰
ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤ߿ࠤࠊࠓ࠰ࡄ ࠛࠊࠥࠧ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠣࠔ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ -
࠶࠾
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠼)ࡀ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦ࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠶࠺)ࡀ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠳߾࠰
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠶࠼)ࡀ ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠞ߿ࡋࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠶࠽)ࡀ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠩࠊ࠳ࠩࡅࠔ࠭ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧߺ࠳ࠔ࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠵)ࡀ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠐ࠳ࡹ߿
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࡹࠛ
ࠪ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ ߿ࠧࠩ࠵࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠶)ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠷)ࡀ ࠖࠨࠓࠐࠨࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠕ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࡀ
࠷࠵
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠸)ࡀ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠓࠤ࠘ࠓࡈ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠹)ࡀ ࠛࠏࠎ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࠛࠎࠤࠔࠨ࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰(࠷࠻)ࡀ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࡀ
ࠊߺࠓࠤࡡࠖ࠭ࠧߺ ࠖߺ࠰࠭࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠶
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠸)
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
‘Everybody has the right to seek and to enjoy in other country asylum from persecution.”
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ( Refugee )
* ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫࠩࠕ (Race)
* ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤࠩࠕ (Religion)
* ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠓ (Nationality)
* ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࡹࠊ
ࠪ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡹࠐ࠳ࠪࡹ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ (Membership in a Particular Social Group)
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ࠙ࠧ ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠤࠔ࠰ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠫ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰࠰”࠙ࠧࠀࠥࠧࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠷
ߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠓ࠙ࠤࠓ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦࡶ࠭ࠧ ( UNHCR )
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) ࡶ࠭ࠧࡦߺࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠶࠾࠺࠶ ࠁࠎ࠰ࠎ࠵ࠣࠕࠦࠖ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕ࠭ࠔࠨ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࡹࠊ
ࠪ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡹࠐ࠳ࠪࡹ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠄ࠴߾࠰ࠏࠓ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰߿ߺ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏ࠭ࠕࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺࠕࠎ࠰
࠷࠸
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠓ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦ
( Antonio Guterres ) ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠶࠵ ࠞࠦࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠓ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠷࠵࠵࠺ࠧ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ࠶࠺ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡹࠓ࠴߿ࠊ߾࠰ߺࠤ ࠺ࡵ࠴߿࠰
࠘ߺ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
“ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕࠐࠥࠧࡹࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠊࠪࠖࠨ࠘ࠤࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠩࠏࠕࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
“ In the past few years, asylum issues and refugee protection have become inextricably linked with the
ߺࠥ߿ࡋࠩࠊ࠳ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠋ࠳࠲ࠏࠤࡶ࠴ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠋ࠳ࠪࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
“ Refugee are not terrorist. They are often the ¿rst victims of terrorism. ”
ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘࠳ࠤࡤߺࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
࠷࠹
࠘ߺࡆࠕࠤࠁ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠵ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ UNHCR ࠛࡦߺࠦࠛߺࠪ Antino Guterres ࡄ ࠛࠍࠥߺࠕࠄ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ ( ࠷ ) ࠕࠏ࠰
ߺࠓࡡࠤࠊ߿࠰࠵ࠓ
࠴ ࠰ ࠛࠓࠥࠧࠛߺࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩࠕࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠩ࠲ࠏࠄࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠔ࠭ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰߿ࠥࠊ࠰࠱ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠷࠺
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠹)
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠗࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠕ
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕ
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦ࠲߾࠰
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠩࠏࡀ
࠷࠻
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠥࠧࠖ࠴࠭ࠫ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰
࠷࠼
ing to the Status of Refugees ) ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠶࠾࠻࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ ( The Protocol Relating to the Status
ࠒ࠵ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠲ࠏࠤࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠽
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ߺࠨࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ( Migrants ) ࠲ࠤࠎࠤ࠱ߺ࠰
࠷࠾
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠺)
ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠖ࠴࠱ߺ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠵
ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
Relating to the Status of Refugees) ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (The Protocol Relating to the Status of
ࠛ࠲ࠤࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤࠩࠖ߿ࠤࠕࠓࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠶
ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߾࠰ࠌࠥࠧࠎࠦࠕ࠴ࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ ࠶࠶࠹࠼࠸ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ ࠷࠼࠽࠻ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠐࠥࠖ߿࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ ࠶࠾࠺࠻
ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠒࡊࠖࠤࠩࠌ࠰ࠕ࠴࠰ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ ࠼࠵࠽ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠛࠥࡵ࡛ࠥࠔࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫ ࠺࠵࠾ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠤ ࠶࠶࠼࠺ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠷
UNHCR ࡄ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠕ ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࠛߺ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖ߿ࠞ࠰ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠥࠧࠖ࠴࠭ࠫ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠨ
ࠖࠨ࠘ࠤ࠱߾࠰߿ࠤࠎࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠄࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠸
ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘࠘ࠨ ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠪࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠹
ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ
࠸࠺
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠻)
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰(RSD)
ࠊ࠳ࡹࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰ࠛߺࠪ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰࠙ࠧࠀࠥࠧ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕࠕ࠴ࠥ࠭߿ࠤࠕࠓࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠖࠨ ࠶ ࠩ࠘ࠤ߾࠰࠼ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ RSD ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RSD ߺࠥࠧ ࠷࠵࠵࠸ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰߿࠭ࡵ࠴ࠫࠎ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤ (Pro-
࠸࠻
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠖࠓ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ -
•ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡶࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
UNDP ࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
•UNDP
NGO ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
•NGO
ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠏࠋࠓ-
ࠏࠋࠓ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰߿ࠧࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠲ࠐࠄ࠰࠲߾࠰ (Registration Form) RSD
ࠊࠊࠥࠔ- ࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡀ
࠸࠼
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠋࠤࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ ࠛࠩࠎࠛࠋࠤࠓࠕ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠔ࠰࠱ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠏࠔ࠰࠱࠭
ࠎࠦࠏࠣࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࡤߺࠤࠊࠊ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
RSD ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰࠲ࠏࠏ࠭ࠧ
ࠛࠔࠨ࠭߿ࠤࠩࠕࠎࠄ࠰
࠸࠽
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠼)
ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠘ࠤࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠀࠥࠧࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࡅ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ”
ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠥࠫࠩࠕࠩࠊ࠳ࠕࠪࡺ ࠘ࠤࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣࠒࠨࡀ
Rigoberta Menchu
ࠕࠓࠔ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࡹ ߺࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠔ࠭ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
Jose’ Ramos-Horta
Sima Samar
࠸࠾
“ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ߺࠥࠧ ߺࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩࠊࠤ ߿߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪ࠙ࠤ ࡶࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠕ߿࠰ࠩࠎࠪࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ߺࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓ߿ࠥࠊ࠰
ߺࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓߺ ࠩࠓࠤࡡࠌࠦࠔࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾߾
࠰ ࠭ߺࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤࠩࠊࠤ ߿߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠩࠊ࠳ࡥࠏࠦ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦࠋ߾࠰ࠪࠓࠥࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ࠩߺࠤ
Loung Ung
ࠐࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
Antonio Guterres
Antonio Guterres
Poul Hartling
࠹࠵
“࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤ ࠩࠒߺ߾࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࡤߺࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠓ࠴ࠤࠩࠊࠤ ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࡤߺࠏࠣࠒࠨࡀ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤ
Teri Hatcher
ࠌࠧߺ࠘
ࡇ ࠄ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧࠕࠪࡺ ࠩࠖࠎߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠀࡵ࡛࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
Angelina Jolie
Hollywood Actress
Angelina Jolie
Sadako Ogata
(UNHCR 1990-2000)
Mike Turner
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠐࠥࠧ߿࠭ࡵ࠴ࠫࠎ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠓࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
Mahnaz Afkhami
࠹࠶
“࠵ࠓ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠊࠪ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧߺࠩࠊࠤ ࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠀࠥࠧࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠊࠊ࠰ࠊࠪ
ࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ߺ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪࡤߺࠊࠤࠏࠣࠒࠪࡀ”
Hannah Arendt
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࡦߺࠥࠫ߿ࠤࡤߺࠏࠣࡀ ”
Albert Ginstein
Robert Alan
Ko¿ Annan
(UN Secretary-General)
ߺࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓࠊࠥࠧࡹࠕࠪࡺ ࠛࠩࠕߺࠥ߿ࡋࠏࠣࠒࠪࡀ ”
Cynthia Basinet
ࠧࠉ࠰࠘ࠥߺࡇࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࡦߺࠦ ࠕ࠴ࠥࡤߺࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ ”
Jullen Clerc
Warren Christopher
࠹࠷
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠽)
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠒ࠵ࠓ࠴ ߺࠓࡡࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠏࠧࡈࠥࠫࠖ࠰ࡤߺࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤࠩࠕ
ࠩࠏࡅࠊࠨࠦࠓ࠴߿ࠏࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠊࠥࠒࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕ
ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠥࠏ࡞࠭ࠏࠄࠤࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠤߺ߿ࠤ࠘ࠓࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰࠘߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠹࠸
ࠌࠦࠁࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
(Trieste) ࠓ࠴ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸ࡀ ࠩࠖࠤࠩࠓࠤࠕ߿࠰ࠀ࠱ࠥ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠱ࠤࠖ࠰ࠀ࠱ࠥ (Lord Maurice Saatchi & Charles Saatchi) - ࠩࡤߺࠤ࠰࠲߾ࠤࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠱ࠤࠓࠎ࠰࠱ࠬ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࡦߺࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠹࠹
ࠐߺ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠌࠦࠁࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠄࠤࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠦࠊࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛߺࠋࠨࡣ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠙ࠎ࠰ࠩࠕࠦࠔࠎ࠰ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
TV ࡵ࠴߾࠰ FILM
࠹࠺
߿ࠤࠩࠏ
ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠛ߿࠭ࠧࠐࠊ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ http://en.allexperts.com/e/l/li/list_of_famous_refugees.htm
࠹࠻
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠾)
ߺࠓࠤࡡࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺࠑ࠱ࠤࠊࠏࠧࠌ࠰
ࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠓ࠰࠱߾࠰
ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰
ࠌࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࠒࠨߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠩࠕ…….ࠌࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠩࠎࠕࠤࠩࠖࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠏࠣࠒࠨߺ࠳ࠔ࠰…….
࠙ࠥࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠀࠥࠧ
߾ࠣࠊࠥࠧࡹࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠕ࠴ࠥࠪࠊࠔ࠰
࠘ࠤࠔࠤࠓࠔ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࡹࠒࠪ ࠋ߾࠰ࠪࠓࠥࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰
ߺࠓࡡࠤࠩ࠲ࠓࠏ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰߿ࠓ࠰ࠏࠣ
ࠛࠪࠌࠦࠩࠎࠕࠤࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡹࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠔ࠰………..
ࠔࠧࠓ࠴ࠤࠩࠊࠤ
ࠩࡵ࠳ࠞࠦࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰࠘߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠎࠪࡹ ࠏ࠳߾࠰ࠩ࠵ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠩࠏࠣߺ࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠛࠪࠌࠦࠖࠥࠧ ࠓࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠒࠨߺ࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿߿࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ ߿ࠤࠏ࠳ࠪߺࠥࠧ
࠘ࠨࡹࠖߺ࠰ࠎࠪࡹ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠦࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠊࠔ࠰
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠕࠔ࠰….
ࠌࠥࠧࡹࠊࠩࠊ࠳࠙ࠤࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪࠏࠣߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠹࠼
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠀࠦ࠘࠳ࠤࠩࠊࠤ
ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰ߺ࠱ࠓ࠴ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠏࠣࠖࠥࠧࡹ
ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱߿࠳ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠪࠊࠔ࠰
ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ߾ࠣࠒࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࡹࠀࠦ࠘࠳ࠤࠕࠓ࠴ࠤࠖࠪ
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠕࠔ࠰….
߾ࠣࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࠊ࠳ ࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠘࠳ࠤࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ࠤࠖࠪࡀ
ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩ࠵ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠀࠦ࠘࠳ࠤࠩࠊࠤ
߾ࠣࠊࠥࠧࡹߺ ࠘ࠨࠊࠊࠧࠥࡹߺࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰
ࠖࠧࠔࠨ࠘࠳ࠤࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠔ࠰ࠊࠪ
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠕࠔ࠰….
࠘ࠨࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠩࠎࠊࠤ ࠓ߾࠰ࠎࠪࡹ߾ࠣߺࠥࠧߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠌ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠊࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓࠧࠌ࠰࠱ࠩ࠘ࠕࠓࠔ࠰ࠊࠪ
ࡤߺ࠭ࠫ࠵ࠣࠩࠎࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ࠤ
߾ࠣࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ ࠓࠥࠧࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ߺ߾࠰ࠋࠪߺ
ࠓࠥࠧ࠱ࠫࠎ࠰࠘࠭ ࠖࠧࠥࠒࠪߺ࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠕࠔ࠰….
ࠛࠩࠓࡰ߿ࠧࠏ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠤ ࠩ࠳ࠊ߿࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠪࠕࠊࠔ࠰
ࠊ࠭ࠣࠊ߿࠰࠱ࠏ࠰ࠐ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠦ ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠩࠖࠩࠊ߿࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ࠘࠳ࠤࠊࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠪࠕࠊࠔ࠰
ࠌࠣࠩࠏࠓࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠊࠧࠥࡹ࠙ࠤ
࠘ࠤࠓࠎ࠰ࠖࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࡤߺࠒࠨ
࠹࠽
࠘ࠩࠒࡊࠤࠀࠥࠏ࠰ߺ ࠀࠥࠏ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠊࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ
߾ࠣ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠪࡺࠛࠣ ߾ࠣߺࠩࠖࠩࠊ࠳
࠘߿࠰ࠩࠊࠤࠩࠖࠩࠊ࠳ߺࠥࠧ
࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠪࠛࠣ
࠘߿࠰ࠏ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋߺ࠰ ߾࠴ߺ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠩࠊ࠳
ࠩࠏ࠱ࠤ࠰࠲ࠓࠬ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࠩࠎࡤߺࠊࠔ࠰
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓߺ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠛࠋࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰
࠲ࠏࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ ࠊ࠭ࠣࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰
ࠓ߾࠰ࠎࠪࡹ߾ࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠕ࠴ࠤࠩࠎࡤߺࠊࠔ࠰………
ࠛ࠱߿࠰ࠕࠔ࠰
ࠓ߾࠰ࠎࠪࡹ߾ࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠕ࠴ࠤࠩࠎࡤߺࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠶.࠶.࠷࠵࠶࠵
࠹࠾
Refugee Blues
by W.H. Auden
for us.
now.
do that.
go today?
“If we let them in, they will steal our daily bread”;
࠺࠵
German Jews.
human race.
Not one of them was ours, my dear, not one of them was
ours.
࠺࠶
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠶࠵)
ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠕࠏ࠰࠲ࠤߺࠑ࠱ࠤ ࠘࠭ࠧࠏࠧࠌ࠰
ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰- ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰
Epitaph On A Tyrant
W.H.Auden
࠺࠷
ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤߺ࠰
ߺࠨࠄࠦࡤߺࠏࠣࠖࠥࠧ ࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠴ࠫ࠭ࠓࠪࠩࠎࠕ࠴ࠤࠓࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠤߺࠩࠖࠕࠔ࠰
࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ߿ࠊࠦࠑ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰
ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰- ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰
࠺࠸
The Snare
I am searching everywhere!
James Stephens
࠺࠹
“ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠕࠤߺ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥࠕࠤ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰”
ߺ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘߿࠳ࠪࠎ࠭ࠕ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࠏࠪࠩࠎࡄࡀ
ࠛࠐ࠘߾࠰ …………………………
ࠕࠤࠒ߾࠰࠲ࠌࠤࠎ࠘࠰ࠊࠥࠧ
ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰- ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰
࠺࠺
“Where The Mind Is Without Fear”
Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
By Rabindranath Tagore
1861-1941
࠺࠻
ࠛࠎ࠰ (࠶࠶)
ࠌࠦࠓࠥࠧߺࠩࠕ߿ࠦ ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰߿ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰ࡄ ߺࠑ࠱ࠤ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠊࠞࠦࠊࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠎࠤࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕ߾࠰ࠒࠪ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠕࠪࡤߺࠩࠊࠤࡺࠒࠨࠩࠖࡀ
ࠓ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠓ߾࠰ࠔࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓࡦߺࠥࠫߺ࠰ࠊࠤࠀࠥࠧ
ࠒࠔ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠓ࠴ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠕࠪࡤߺࠒࠨࠩࠖࡀ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠑࠓࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠕࠔ࠰ࠩࠓࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ࠖࠄ࠰ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࡤߺࠒࠨ
ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠩࠊ࠳ ࠖࠄ࠰ࠓࠕ࠴ࠥࡤߺࠒࠨࡀ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠑࠓࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠩࠊ࠳ࠕࠪࡺ ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ࠀࠥࠊ࠰ࠓࠩࠊ࠳ࡤߺࠤ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠓࠊࠕࠤࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠐࠥࠧࡺࠖࠤࠩࠎࠊࠪࡺ
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠊ࠳ ߺࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠊࠤࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰
ࠒࠔ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠓ࠴ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠕࠪࡤߺࠒࠨࠩࠖࡀ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
࠺࠼
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠊ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠒࠤ࠘࠭ࠓ࠴ࡤߺࠤࠕࠓࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠒࠨ
ࠖࠨ࠘ࠊ࠰࠘ࠓࠤࠩࠊ࠳ߺ ࡵࠊ࠰ࠏࠥࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࠖࠥࠧࡺࠩࠖࡀ
ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠩࠊ࠳ߺ ࠐ࠭ࠧࠏࠥࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࠖࠥࠧࡺࠩࠖࡀ
ࠛ߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠘࠭ࠧࡥࠏࠦ ࠐࠥࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰ࠋࠤࠏࠣࠩ߿ࡀ
ࠓࠧ࠘ࠤࠗࠣࠌࠦࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓࠊࠧࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠪࡺ
ࠩࠐ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠐ࠭ࠧࠐࠥࠓࠋࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠪࡺ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠊ࠘࠭ ߺࠩࠊࠤࡺࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࠩࠎࠓ࠴ࠤ
“ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰”ࠊࠪࡺࡀ ࡀ
ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰߿ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰
ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡀࠒࠩࠖࠤࡹ࠰ࠣ ࠛࠖ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰
࠺࠽
In The Quiet Land
the Thais take the timber; and SLORC takes the spoils...
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