THE PHILIPPINES: ITS CHALLENGES AND

RESPONSES
A Report of:
MR. EMMANUEL JIMENEZ BACUD
MA Political Science I
Social Studies 511 (5-9 pm)

GEOGRAPHY:

7,500 ISLANDS (7,107 + 400 by NAMRIA)

-2,773 has name

POPULATION:

100.9 Million People or 337 persons/sq. km

-80.5% are Roman Catholic

GOVERNMENT:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (Article II of Constitution)
-Tripartite Democracy (Executive, Legislative, Judiciary)
ECONOMY:
SOCIO-LIBERALIST ECONOMY (36th in the world and
3rd in
ASEAN next to Indonesia and Thailand)
Gross National Product: Php 2.44 Trillion

THE PHILIPPINES: A QUICK OVERVIEW

USABLE PAST?

PLACE IN GLOBALIZATION?
POST-MODERN CONDITION?

THE PHILIPPINE USABLE PAST

CONVENTIONAL APPROACH IN STUDYING

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Pre-colonial
Era (Native
Philippines)

Colonial Era
(Spanish,
Americans,
Japanese)

Post-Colonial Era
(Marcos Regime,,
Democratization
and Cybernetic
Reality)

DESCRIPTIVE-CHRONOLOGICAL
APPROACH TO HISTORY

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH:
USABLE PAST

Critical
Approach

Formative
Approach

(Phenomena)

(Values)

Genuine
National
Culture

Studying History MUST BE A PROCESS OF

CREATION OR FORMATION OF CULTURE- to
realize FILIPINO IDENTITY
(Critical-Formative Approach)

ANALYZING HIS PERSPECTIVE:

- Identity-crisis
- Filipino Sense of
Nationalism and
Patriotism
- Perpetual Colonial
Influence
- Detachment from
the grass-root

- Competitive VS.
Collaborative SOCIETY

GENUINE FILIPINO VALUES ( FORMATION OF IDENTITY)

According to Javier, et al (2002):

(Ka) mag-anak Mentality denoting inclusivity

BAYANIHAN helping one another
MALASAKIT sense of empathy
GALANG (Courtesy)- respect to everybody
KALIKASAN AT KAPALIGIRAN Mentality
ALAY (Sacrifice) Behavior
WESTERN CIVILIZATION

According to Javier, et al (2002):

Inggit Mentality (as reorientation of the society)

Gaya-gaya Behavior imitating others
Kutya Perspective belittling others
INDIVIDUALISM & VALUISM
OPPRESSIVE COMPETITION

TO MAKE THE PAST USABLE/ PURPOSEFUL:

PROPOSED FRAMEWORK

(TRANSFORMATION OF THE HISTORICAL ACTORS):

1.) C. Wright Mills: Sociological Imagination as
Contextualized through Sana ay mas...
Mentality
2.) Charles Horton Cooley: Looking Glass-Self as
Contextualized through Kung AKO ay

3.) G. F. Hegel: Dialectical Method as

Contextualized through the Filipino attitude of
PAGBABAGO (reorientation of the social
system)
4.) Agpaoa & Sanchez (1997): COLLECTIVISM as
Contextualized in the Filipino value of SAMASAMA

Collectivism

Sociological
Imagination

Dialectical
Method

Lookingglass Self

FOCUSED ISSUE:

MARTIAL LAW HISTORY

MARTIAL LAW is a politico-legal mechanism

implemented by the head of state to control the
state affairs through extensive military forces in
combatting the state of civil unrest. The
implementation of Martial Law necessitates
implementation of curfews, suspension of habeas
corpus, and civil rights.

On September 21, 1972, Ferdinand Marcos

declared Martial Law in the Philippines to
mitigate the atrocities brought by the communist
group in the country and to put the Philippines in
order. However, Marcos had abolished the
proclamation on January 17, 1981. Martial law,
according to several testimonials, resulted to civil
rights violation and persecution of political
leaders.

ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING AND TRY TO APPLY THE

FRAMEWORK TO MAKE THE PAST USABLE TO THE
PRESENT CONDITION:

THE PRESENT:

PHILIPPINES AND ITS PLACE IN GLOBALIZATION:

Coined by Theodore Levitt, a Harvard

Business School Professor

Globalization is used to refer a process

of widening, intensifying, and speedingup world wide interconnectedness

According to Ohmae, GLOBALIZATION

transformed the world into BORDERLESS
SOCIETY

According to Cuturela: Globalization

has three prevailing three features

1.) delocalization and supra-territoriality

2.) Multi-level governance
3.) Emergence of Global Brands and
Instituions

TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION:

ECONOMIC GLOBALIBALIZATION- free trade and free flow of

capital
IN PHILIPPINE SETTING: a.) Washington Consensus
(John Williamson, 1993)
b.) ASEAN Integration and APEC

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION- standardization of culture through

popular media

IN PHILIPPINE SETTING:

a.) The Westernization of the World

b.) Biopiracy in the Philippines

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION- supranational government

IN PHILIPPINE SETTING:

a.) International Organizations(UN, IMF & WB)

CASE-STUDY: BIOPIRACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

GLOBALIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

According to Banlaoi, GLOBALIZATION

constrict the capacity of the Philippines
state to DEVELOP AND BUILD THE FILIPINO
NATION AND TO ACHIEVE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT.

Marginalized Sectors (e.g. ethnic groups,

local producers) and MUSLIM groups feel
they are neglected in the process of
globalization.

In a study by International Forum on

Globalization, it was found that
globalization policies have contributed to
increase poverty and inequality between
and among nations.

VIDEO PRESENTATION ON GLOBALIZATION:

THE POSTMODERN ERA:

THE POSTMODERN CONDITION

(Jean-Francois Lyotard; 1924-1998)

Prevailing Characteristics:
1.) Information Revolution through
computerized and telematics media
2.) Metanarratives (All-Encompassing
Human Struggles)
3.) Integration of knowledge (multidisciplinary approach of discovering
things)

PHILIPPINES AND THE POST MODERN ERA

21st Philippine Context

-Technocratic society (Computers;

e-governance)
-Liberalization of Philippine
Education
-Competitive society (Meritocracy)
-Devaluation of Value-system
(Degradation of sense of nationalism,
sense of honesty, sense of
cooperation)

CHALLENGES TODAY:
SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
(MACRO-LEVEL)

PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES AND PROLEMS

(MICRO-LEVEL)

( INTERACTING CAUSES AND EFFECT)

1.) POVERTY

1.) BAHALA NA MENTALITY

2.) UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

2.) CRAB MENTALITY

3.) CRIMES

3.) DRUG ADDICTION, ALCOHOLISM AND/OR

ECONOMIC OPPRESSION

4.) POPULATION BOOM

4.) TEENAGE RELATIONSHIPS

(CULTURE OF INSTANT)

5.) TERRORISM

5.) ENDURING RACISM AND GENDER INEQUALITY

(SUPERIORITY-INFERIORITY CONDITIONING)

6.) PROSTITUTION

6.) PATRIARCHY/ MACHISMO

THE PAGPAG PRACTICE

REACTION/ SYNTHESIS:
POINTERS:
- Aksaya

Habit

Social Stratification (Pagpag as Manifestation of

Economic Oppression)

Hiya Mentality vis--vis KAPIT-SA-PATALIM

Mentality

- Law must be vital in securing equality among

people

REFERENCES:

Agpaoa, F. & Sanchez, C. (1997). Contemporary Social Problems

Banlaoi, R. (2013). Globalization and Nation-Building in the Philippines
Palispis, E. (2013). Introduction to Sociology and Anthropology
Mayuga, Jonathan (2016). NAMRIA Discovers 400 unknown islands using IfSAR
Javier, J. et al (2002). Introductory Sociology and Anthropology: A Pedagogy
WORLD OUTLOOK DATABASE REPORT 2016/ Philippine Economy

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR LISTENING