972

972

Penicillin
Methicillin

IV

( methicillin
)

Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Clavulanic acid

Ceohalosporin

Vancomycin

Streptomycin

Aminoglycoside

Gentamycin
Kanamycin

Tetracyclin

Erthromycin

Clincomycin

Clindamycin

Lactamase

30S

50S

Penicillin

Penicillin

Chloramphenicol

!!

Clindamycin

CYP450

()
()

G6PD

Chloramphenicol

1.
2.

mycin
() vancomycin
-1-

 972
972

3.

v.s.
(1).
(2).

cillin

Aminoglycoside

sporin

Chloramphenicol

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

Vancomycin

1.
2.

ergosterol

3.

ANUG Metronidazole ANUG Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

Nystatin
Amphotericin B

ergosterol

(slow IV)

Ketoconazole

ergosterol

Endocrine effect
()

aspergillus

Metronidazole

()
ANUG ()

Acyclovir

DNA polymerase

-2-

HSV
VZV
CMV

 972
972

1.
2.

NSAID
COX-1

3.

Phospholipase A2

Azrachidonic acid
()

COX-2

()

Cortisone

- ( Hydrocortisone )

Hydrocortisone

Predinisolone

Triamcinolone

0.5

Dexamethasone

30

Aldosterone

0.2

Fludrocortisone

10

(
)

H1-

Promethazine

(Promethazine

(2.5~3.5 hrs)

Hydroxyzine
H2-

Famotidine

(-tidine
)

Rantidine

25~75mg)
(2.5~3 hrs)

Cimitidine

(~2 hrs)

Nizatidine

(1~2 hrs)
-3-

 972
972

&
1.
2.
3.

Antiseptics ()
Disinfectants ()...
Sterilization ()

Phenol derivatives

Phenol

1~2%

Phenol

Cresol (Lysol)
Resorcinol

()

Thymol

Triclosan
Povidone-iodine

()

10% HIV

10~100 10~30

HOCl()

Oxiding agents

Hydrogen perioxide
()

Euginol
Alcohol

Euginol

Alkylating agent

Glutaraldehyde

catalase(

3%

lysine

2~3.2% 10~30

75%

Ethyle oxide

Chlorhexidine

-4-

0.2% 10ml
70%( HBV
TB 4%)

 972
972

Intrinsic Pthway (PTT) ()

Extrinsic Pathway (PT) ()

High MW kininogen

Tissue injury

Foreign surface
Prekallikrein

Kallikrein
Tissue factor
Factor XII

Factor XIIa

Ca2+

Factor VIIa
Factor XI

Factor VII

Factor XIa
Factor IXa

Factor IX

Ca2+

Ca2+

Common Pathway ()
ADP TxA2 Collagen

Factor VIII

Factor VIIIa
Factor Xa

Factor X

Platelets
2+

Factor V

(VII)
(Part Time
job)
PTT
( PT aPTT)

Ca

Factor Va

Thrombin
Prothrombin

Fibrinogen
-5-

Thrombin
Factor VIIIa
Fibrin
FPAFPB

 972
972

Aminocaproic acid

plasminogen

Tranexamic acid
Desmopressin

VIII

A ( VIII)

Gelfoam

Thrombin
Heparin ()

antithrombin III

IV aPTT

Warfarin (Coumadin)

vit. K

PT INR

!!

Streptokinase

plasminogen

Asprin

-6-

 972
972

1. CNS depressents
2. stages
(1) Stage I:
A.
(2) StageII :
A.
B. Muscle tone
(3) StageIII: StageIII
A.
B.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4) StageIV:
A. QQ ~~

-7-

 972
972

[]

Nitrous Oxide

CNS thalamus A. N2O:O2=85:15( A. hypoxiaCOPD

!!!)
B. Vit. B12 de
B. nausea(
thalamus )

Fluothane
flu

Progressive respiratory
depressant

[]

A.

( reserpine
chlorapromazine )

()

[]

[barbiturate ]

Enflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Desflurane

thiopental

Secobarbital

[]

Ketamine

*sevoflurane -flurane

*Desflurane
A. cerebral cortex
reticular
formation
B.
presynaptic
postsynaptic
membrane

A. sensory
pathwat

A. Sedationhyponosisgeneral
anesthesia
B. Barbiturate ANS

C. Thiopental()onset:30s~60s
duration:10mins~15mins(recovery
)
D. Secobarbital:
1mg/1b
A.

B. (1)(2)(3)(4)

A.

B. 15
hyponotic dose
C. withdrawl
syndrome()

D. Allergy

E.

[]atropine()

-8-

 972
972

1.

A. atropine
B. diazepam
C. morphine
D.

2.

3.

95-101

succinylcholine
A96-1

heart rate
A. enflurane
B. isoflurane
C. desflurane
D. sevoflurane
D(97-2)
A.

C(97-1)
barbiturate
A.
B.
C.
B.
C.
D.

4.

D(97-2)
5. opioidslipophilic

D.

A.

Fentanyl
-9-

 972
972

B.

Meperidine

C.
D.
6.

Propoxyphene
Tramadol
A(98-2)
1
2

1
A.
2
B.
1
2
C.
1
2

B(98-2)
(intravenous anesthetic)

D.
7.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Diethyl ether
Thiamylal sodium
Isoflurane
Halothane B99-2

- 10 -

 972
972

1. ester amide
(1) Ester : aromatic nucleus-ester-aliphatic chain
(2) Amide : aromatic nucleus-amide-aliphatic chain

1. Onset
(1) Amide 2~4
(2) Ester 10~12
2. Duration

ester

amide

Cocaine

Na+Ca2+

plama
procaine
PABAPABA

Lidocaine
Mexiletine

epinephrine

()

liver

Mepivacaine

Procaine

Etidocaine

Bupivacaine

- 11 -

 972
972

1.

95-101

A.

3 Mepivacaine HCl

B.

0.5 Bupivacaine HCl

C.

2 Xylocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline

D.

2 Procaine HCl with 1:50000 adrenaline

A95-1

2.

A.

paintemperaturetouchpressure

B.

temperaturetouchpressurepain

C.

touchpressurepaintemperature

D.

pressurepaintemperaturetouch
A96-1

3.

lidocaine
A.

infiltration anaesthesia cocaine 4

B.

nerve block anaesthesia procaine 10

C.

adrenaline

D.

lidocaine 4% lidocaine 1400000 epinephrine

C96-1

4.

A.

Serotonin

B.

Steroids

C.

Histamine

D.

Epinephrine
D96-2

5.

- 12 -

 972
972

A.

cocaine

B.

mexiletine

C.

benzocaine

D.

bupivacaine
B(97-1)

6.

codeine morphine
A.

codeine morphine

B.

codeine morphine addiction

C.

Codeine morphine acetylation

D.

Codeine morphine antitussive

D(97-2)

7.

A.

serotonin

B.

steroids

C.

histamine

D.

epinephrine
D(98-1)

8.

cocaine
A.

B.

cocaine

C.

cocaine

D.

B99-1

9.

lidocaine
A.

infiltration anaesthesia cocaine 4

B.

nerve block anaesthesia procaine 10

C.

adrenaline
- 13 -

 972
972

D.

4% lidocaine 1400000 epinephrine

C100-1

10.
A.

paintemperaturetouchpressure

B.

temperaturetouchpressurepain

C.

touchpressurepaintemperature

D.

pressurepaintemperaturetouch
A100-2

11. pontocaine
A.

Procaine

B.

Tetracaine

C.

idocaine

D.

Mepivacaine
B100-2

12. para-amino-benzoic acid(PABA) ester

A.

Procaine

B.

Benzocaine

C.

Lidocaine

D.

Tetracaine
C100-2

13.
A.

B.

LD50ED50

C.

D.

- 14 -

C101-1

 972
972

1. ()
2. medulla
(1)
(2)
3. <
4.
(1)
5.
(1)
(2)
6.
(1)
7.
(1) Withdrawl syndrome
(2) Codeine
8.
(1)
(2) Naloxone(Narcotic antagonist)

- 15 -

 972
972

Opium

3+

1+

1+

3+

3+

2+

2+

2+

2+

1+

3+

1+

1+

Morphine

Codeine
Meperidine

+
+

Fentanyl

Methadone

Tramadol

Pentazocin

Naloxone

1.
2.(

()
MAO

morphine-3-glucuronide(
)

- 16 -

 972
972

2.

morphine
A.

non-narcotic

respiratory stimulation

C95-1
1.
A. 1
B.
C.
D.

3.

2
1.2
1.2
B95-2
tolerance
A. euphoria
B.
B.
C.
D.

4.

C.

C95-2
pethidine HCl
A. 30
B. 60
C. 30
D. 60
D.
5.

6.

B96-1
Tramadol
1. --receptor agonist
2. norepinephrine 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake
A. 1
- 17 -

2.

 972
972

B.

C.

1.2.

D.
7.

1.2.
C96-1
1.
A. 1
B. 1 2
C. 2 3

2.

3.

D.
8.

1 2 3
B96-1
MeperidineDemerol
A. 5-10 mg
B. 50-100 mg
C. 500 mg
D. 1000 mg
B96-1

narcotic addiction
A. Morphine meperidine
B. morphine withdrawal syndrome
C. Narcotics withdrawal syndromelacrimationrhinorrhea
D. codeine morphine
D(97-1)
10. tolerance
9.

A.
B.
C.
D.

euphoria

C99-1
- 18 -

 972
972

11.
A.

B99-1
12. Pentazocine
A.
B.
C.
D.

B100-1
13. Meperidinedemerol
A. 5-10 mg
B. 50-100 mg
B.
C.
D.

C.

500 mg

D.

1000 mg
B100-2
14.
A. Morphine
B. Erythromycin
C. Aspirin
D. Lithium
A100-2

- 19 -

 972
972

NSAID (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug)

1.
2.
3.
4.

opioid CNS
cyclooxygenasearachidonic acid() prostaglandin
prostaglandin
primary pain mediatorbrandykinin

1.
2.
3.

1. COX-1 COX -2 COX-2

leukotriene()
2. COX-1 COX-2 NSAID
3. vasodilator
NSAID aspirin Acetaminophen

- 20 -

 972
972

Ketorolac

Aspirin
=salicylate

COX1&2arachidonic acid( prothrombin timebleeding time

) prostaglandin (extensive surgery

aspirin)( Vit. K prothrombin level

)
COX

GI()

salicylates

influenza
Reyes syndrome

warfarinsalicylate
warfarin bonding sitewarfarin
free(active)

Mefenamic
acid

fenamates

Indometahcin
Ibuprofen

(CNS)

Ketoprofen
Naproxen

Melocicam
Celecoxib

Acetaminophen

COX-2

- 21 -

 972
972

1.

95-101

indomethacin
A.
B.

cyclooxygenase

C.
D.

D95-2

2.

Mefenamic acidPonstan
A.

Para-aminophenol

B.

Propionic acid derivative

C.

Fenamates

D.

Indole derivative
C95-2

3.

NSAIDscyclooxygenaseCOXCOX-1
COX-2whole blood assay 50% COX-2
50% COX-1 LogIC50 ratio WBACOX-2/COX-1
A.

Aspirin

B.

Ketorolac

C.

Ketoprofen

D.

Meloxicam
D96-2

4.

NSAIDscyclooxygenaseirreversible acetylation
A.

Aspirin

B.

Ibuprofen

C.

Meloxicam

D.

Naproxen
- 22 -

 972
972

A96-2
5.

1
Ketorolac
2
3

A.

B.

1
2

C.

2
3

D.

1
3
B(97-1)

6.

Aspirin
A.

Anti-inflammatory

B.

Analgesic

C.

Anesthesia

D.

Anti-thrombotic
C(97-1)

7.

NSAIDscyclooxygenaseirreversible acetylation
A.

Aspirin

B.

Ibuprofen

C.

Meloxicam

D.

Naproxen
A(98-1)

8.

A.

50 mg 4-6

B.

600 mg 4-6

C.

2000 mg

D.

50 mg
B(98-2)

9.

Mefenamic acidPonstan
- 23 -

 972
972

A.

Para-aminophenol

B.

Propionic acid derivative

C.

Fenamates

D.

Indole derivative
C(98-2)

10. Aspirin
A.

Ethanol

B.

Prednisolone

C.

Valium

D.

Probenecid
C(98-2)

11. Aspirin
A.

Anti-inflammatory

B.

Analgesic

C.

Anesthesia

D.

Anti-thrombotic
C99-1

12.
A.

Aspirin

B.

Acetaminophen

C.

Ibuprofen

D.

Mefenamic acidPonstan
B99-1

13. NSAIDscyclooxygenaseCOXCOX-1
COX-2whole blood assay 50% COX-2
50% COX-1 LogIC50 ratio WBACOX-2/COX-1
A.

Aspirin
- 24 -

 972
972

B.

Ketorolac

C.

Ketoprofen

D.

Meloxicam
D99-1

14.
A.

Rofecoxib

B.

Acetaminophen

C.

COX-2-selective inhibitors

D.

Aspirin
D99-2

15. time-effect curves

A.

Aspirin 650mg+codeine 60mg

B.

Aspirin 650mg

C.

Ibuprofen 400mg

D.

Codeine 60mg
C100-1

16. propionic acid

A.

Ibuprofen

B.

Naproxen

C.

Flurbiprofen

D.

Mefenamic acidPonstan
C100-2

17. aspirinibuprofenticlopidine
A.

B.

C.

D.

- 25 -

 972
972

D101-1

- 26 -

 972
972

1.
2. barbiturate benzodiazpine

3. (ex:) barbiturate

barbiturate()

Pentobarbital
Secobarbital()

GABA

(induction)CYP450

barbiturate()

Amobarbital

barbiturate()

Phenobarbital
R )
Diazepam(Valium

( Flumazenil)

R )
Lorazepam(Ativan

Benzodiazepine

Temazepam
R )
Triazolam(Halcion
R )
Midazolam(Versed

Chloral hydrate

- 27 -

 972
972

1.

95-101

Benzodiazepines
A.

DiazepamValium

B.

MidazolamVersed

C.

LorazepamAtivan

D.

TriazolamHalcion
A95-1

2.

benzodiazepine
A.

-adrenergic

B.

-adrenergic

C.

GABA

D.

dopaminergic
C95-2

3.

barbiturate
A.

secobarbital

B.

pentobarbital

C.

amobarbital

D.

Phenobarbital
D95-2

4.

barbiturates
A.

valium

B.

thiopental

C.

phenobarbital

D.

amylobarbital
B95-2

5.

promethazine
- 28 -

 972
972

A.

25~75mg

B.

2 60~95mg

C.

6~10 30~45mg

D.

1~5 25mg
A96-1

6.

temazepam
A.

10~20

B.

21~30

C.

31~40

D.

41~60
D(97-2)

7.

benzodiazepines
A.

Benzodiazepine reticular system

B.

benzodiazepine limbic system

C.

benzodiazepine

D.

benzodiazepine
C99-1

8.

barbiturate
A.

Secobarbital

B.

Pentobarbital

C.

Amobarbital

D.

Phenobarbital
D99-2

9.

barbiturate
A.

B.

C.

- 29 -

 972
972

D.

D99-2

10. buspirone
A.

5-HT2A agonist

B.

C.

ethanol

D.

benzodiazepine CNS
D99-2

11. temazepam
A.

10~20

B.

21~30

C.

31~40

D.

41~60
D100-1

12. barbiturates
A.

Valium

B.

Thiopental

C.

Phenobarbital

D.

Amylobarbital
B100-1

13. promethazine
A.

25~75mg

B.

2 60~95mg

C.

6~10 30~45mg

D.

1~5 25mg
A101-1
- 30 -

 972
972

1.
2.

Tubocuraine

Pancuronium
Atracurium

1.

Succinyl choline

95-101

A.
B.
C.
D.

nitrous oxide
halothane
desflurane
sevoflurane
C(98-2)

- 31 -

 972
972

1.
2.

1.

Theophylline

cAMP

Sod.Cromglycate

mast cell

Isoprenaline=isoproterenol

2-agonist

95-101

sodium cromoglycate
A.

mast cell

C95-2
theophylline
A.
B. cAMP
C. cADP
B.
C.
D.

2.

cATP
B(97-1)
2-adrenergic agonists
A. metaproterenolAlupent
B. epinephrineAdrenalin
D.

3.

- 32 -

 972
972

C.

ipratropiumAtrovent

D.
4.

5.

6.

theophyllineTheo-Dur
A99-1
SRS-A(slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis) leukotrienes
A. C1 C4
B. C4 D1
C. D1 D4
D. C4 D4
D99-2
ephedrine
A. - -
B. noradrenaline
C.
D.
D100-1
salbutamol
A.
B.
C.
D.
D101-1

- 33 -

 972
972

4.
(1). G1 phase
(2). S phase DNA
(3). G2 phase
(4). M phase
(5). G0 phase G0
5.

{MeMeFlu}

{Bleomycin }

{Vinstine }

G2

G1

Podphyllotoxin

{posidetecan }

{taxel }

{platin }

Cyclophosphamide

DNA

Alkylating agent

Nitrosurea

DNA

phase

Asparaginase

Asparagine

G1 phase
- 34 -

 972
972

- 35 -

 972
972

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Transplatin
Oxaliplatin

DNA DNA Oxaliplatin

G1S
oxali

Methotrexate (MTX)
Mercaptopurine
Fluorouracil (5-FU)

Podphyllotoxin

Etoposide

DNA topo II

Teniposide

SG2

Topotecan
Irinotecan

DNA topo I

Bleomycin

DNA
DNA

S phase

SG2

G2 phase

Paclitaxel

Docetaxel

Bleomycin

G2M phase

6.
7.
8.

Vinblastine
M phase
Vincristine
ATGC
S phase
microtubuleM phase

- 36 -

 972
972

4.

5.
6.
7.

HDL

LDL

chylomicron

TG
cholesterol TG cholesterol
TG cholesterol

(1). LDL = cholesterol LDL cholesterol

(2). VLDL = TG VLDL TG

Fibric acid

Clofibrate
Fenofibrate

TG

TG

cholesterol

Gemfibrozil
Bile acid
Cholestyramine
sequestrants

8.

Statins

Lovastatin
Simvastatin

Nicotinic acid

rhabdomyolysis
LDL 97-1
VLDL

TGLDLcholesterol
HDL

95 Probucol

LDL QT

- 37 -

 972
972

~
4.
5. insulin insulin
insulin insulin
6. Langerhans islet
(1). - cell glucagon glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis insulin
7.

(2). - cell insulin glucose uptake glycon

Type 1 Type 2
(1). Type 1Insulin-dependent diabetesIDDM
A.
B. Insulin-dependent
C. ketone body ketoacidosis
D. insulin
(2). Type 2Non-insulin-dependent
A. insulin insulin resistance
B. ketone body metabolic syndrome
C.
D.
(3). Type 3Maturity-onset diabetes of the youngMODY
A. 25
B. ketone body
(4). Type 4Gestational diabetes
A.

- 38 -

 972
972

Regular insulin

NPH insulin

Type 1

Tolbutamide

Tolazamide

Glyburide

Type 2

Acarbose

Chlorpropamide

Sulfonylurea

Ultra lente insulin

Sulfonylurea

Type 2

- 39 -

 972
972

4.

JG cell Renin

Angiotensinogen
5.

Renin
()

Angiotensin I

ACE
()

Angiotensin II

Aldosterone
Na+
Vasoconstriction

2-agonist
2 blocker

3
-agonist -antagonist = blocker

2-agonist

Methyldopa

Clonidine
1 -blocker

Labetalol

-blocker

Propranolol

2 -blocker

1-blocker

Atenolol

1-blocker

ACE

Captopril

ACE

NO

Hydralazine

SLE

Minoxidil

Ca2+

Nifedipine

- 40 -

 972
972

6.

diuretics

Loop

Furosamide
Bumetanide

Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide

Spironolactone

~one

aldosterone

7.

Mannitol
& 9293
(1).
i.
ii.
iii.

Lidocaine
Procainamide
Bretyliu

iv.

Fentanyl
(A) 123 (B) 234 (C) 134 (D) 1234
(A)Lidocaine amide Fentanyl
(2). digoxin digoxin intoxication
(A) Antibiotic
(B) Kaolin-pectin
(C) Oral antacids
(D) Sulfasalazine
(A)
CYP450 Erythromycin Antibiotic CYP450 digoxin CYP450
digoxin Erythromycin

- 41 -

 972
972

1.

2.

Levothyroxine = T4

T4

Propylthiouracil = PTU

Methimazole

T3

Liothyronine = T3

Carbimazole
131-I X-ray

- 42 -