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2.
Theory
Equipments
1.
Hydraulics Benches.
2.
Stopwatches.
3.
Procedure
Sph
Cone
Flat
Quantit
Time
y
(sec)
(L)
25.1
5
9
18.8
5
3
16.2
5
6
35.5
5
5
25.8
5
3
21.5
5
2
34.1
5
2
22.8
5
9
18.6
5
5
y
(m
m)
10
20
30
10
20
30
10
20
30
Qexp
m
u0
u1
3
(m /s) (kg/s) (m/s) (m/s)
1.981
0-4
2.661
0-4
3.081
0-4
1.411
0-4
1.941
0-4
2.321
0-4
1.471
0-4
2.181
0-4
2.681
0-4
mu1
(N)
Ftheo
(N)
Fexp
(N)
Error
(%)
0.472
0.874
1.181
0.225
0.452
0.658
0.247
0.578
0.888
Sample:
Qexp = Volume / Time = 510-3 / 25.19 = 1.9410-4 m3/s
m = Q = 10001.9410-4 = 0.198 kg/s
u0 = Q/AN = 1.9410-4/(/4)(10)2 = 2.522 m/s
u1 = u 0 -2gs = 2.522- 2(9.81)(0.035) = 2.382 m/s
mu1 = 0.1982.382 = 0.472 N
F theo - Fexp
100
F theo
|0.472-0.392
|100
0.472
= 16.95%
Graphs:
a) The graph of mu1 (N) versus Fexp (N) (for flat plate):
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
Fexp (N)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
mu1 (N)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
Fexp (N)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
mu1 (N)
0.8
Fexp (N)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
mu1 (N)
0.7
0.8
0.9