k-2 Writing Analysis Tool t3

Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical Features
Grammatical
Features
Handwriting/Legibility
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
personal significance.
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
evidenceofofpunctuation.
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Attempts to record their message.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
One or more ideas. (may not be

related).
Shows an awareness of correct

sentence parts.
parts including noun/verb
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
simple noun groups and
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
somereversals/distortions
reversals/distortions
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
inconsistentspacing,
spacing,
positioning
positioningorormessy
messy
corrections
corrections.
Two or three related ideas. May also

include other unrelated ideas.
Writes simple sentences, meaning is

clear.
Produces some compound sentences
using conjunctions.
Uses simple pronoun references.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
vocabulary including
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

connected.
Accurately writes 4 or more simple

and compound sentences.
sentences
Uses a range of adjectives and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary, including
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
look/looks/looked/looking
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
punctuation(capital/fullstops)
(capital/fullstop).Some
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
placement,orientation
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.
Evidence of structure and features of

imaginative, persuasive and
informative texts, reflecting purpose
and audience.
Begins to use text features such as
headings and paragraphs to organise
information
A variety of sentence structures:

simple, compound and complex, some
variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
Correct pronoun referencing.
Time connectives to sequence ideas
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
feelings, experiences
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
Selects a text structure to suit

purpose and audience.
Consistently uses paragraphs to group
ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
appropriate tense and demonstrates
subject verb agreement.
agreement
Writes sentences that are connected
and sequenced to narrate events or
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
evidenceofofcontraction
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Composes complex texts which shows

strong evidence of the features of text
type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
Begins paragraphs with topic
sentences introducing the theme or
idea.
Demonstrates variety in sentences

structures, sentence length, and uses a
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Sentences flow with logical sequence
showing consistent use of tense.
Experiments with direct and indirect
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
technically specific
specific vocabulary.
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
Applicationofofspelling
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
Hope/hoping,skip/skipping.
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
punctuationtotoenhance
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
44
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
No evidence of sentence structure.

structure
22
77
Spelling
Spelling
No clear message
message.
11
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
Demonstratesunderstanding
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
44
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation

structure
22
77
Spelling
Spelling
No clear message
message.
11
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling

structure
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
22
Cluster 1
related).

Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
The student:
sentence parts.
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
Engages in writing-like
behaviour
using scribble or stringssignificance.
of letters.
Uses
unclear.
simple noun
groups and
significance.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
adverbial
phrases.
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Attempts to write
own
name, e.g. one or two letters, scribble.
Holds a pencil or
crayon effectively to
draw
and scribble.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
88
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.
clear.
using conjunctions.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
55
77
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
44
66
No clear message
message.
11
33
Punctuation
Punctuation

and audience.
information

ideas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.
Cluster 2
The student:
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
vocabulary
choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategies
such
such
as
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamation
marks
marks
totoend
endsentences
sentences
totoprint.
bebe
fluent.
fluent.
Knows vocabulary
that
writing
is
a
means
of
communication
and
is
curious
about
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g. Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
Is able e.g.
toscrambles,
differentiate
between
writing
and drawing
and experiments
with marks,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,
ist,
ist,es.
es.
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
often using drawing to contextualise
their
writing.
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Is able to assign messages to texts they have recorded using a combination of known
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbs
using
using Experiments
Experiments
with
with literary
literary
devices
such
such Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends, Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
letters
and
letter
likedevices
symbols.
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
agreement
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
are connected
Is learning
about
directionality
spatial
concepts.
Writes sentences that
Uses
Uses words
words
from
from increasingly
increasingly
reading
readingand
program,
program,
e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
nouns.
nouns.
variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.

of to
convey information.
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.

structure
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Random words.
No clear message.
related).
33
44
55
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Text Structure - 1
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Sentence Structure - 1
33
44
55
77
88
Random words.

related).
66
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
22
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
11
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
structure
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Vocabulary- 1
Random words.
Attempts to record words of

personal significance e.g. name.
33
44
55
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.

related).
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
No clear message
message.

structure
Random words.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Spelling- 1
Random letter/letter-like symbols.
44
55
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
33
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.

related).
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
structure
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Punctuation- 1
Random words.
No evidence of punctuation.
33
44
55
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.

related).
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Handwriting Legibility- 1
33
44
55
77
88
Random words.
Holds a pencil to draw and scribble.

related).
66
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
22
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
11
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
No clear message
message.

structure
Random words.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
11
22
33
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
Spelling
Spelling
Cluster 1
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
Punctuation
Punctuation
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
The student:
Engages
in words
writing-like
behaviour
usingletters
scribble
or
strings
ofletters
letters.
Records
Records words
of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
for
for
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
and
and
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
some
somesounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Attempts
tothose
write
e.g.
name
those or
of
family
of
members.
familyown
members.name,
Clear
Clearattempt
attemptone
totowrite
writeor
name
nametwo
or
oraa letters, scribble.
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Holds a pencil or crayon effectively to draw and scribble.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Cluster 2
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
simple sentences, meaning is

Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
The student: Writes
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
some compound sentences
context.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
sentences.
sentences.
Knows thatProduces
writing
is a means ofcontext.
communication andsequence.
is come,
curious
about
print.
using
conjunctions.
went,
went,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
Is able to differentiate between writing and drawing looked/looking
and
looked/looking.
experiments with marks,
often
usingAccurately
drawing
contextualise
their
writing.
Four or more sequenced
ideas clearly
writes 4to
or more
simple
Uses
Uses aa range
range
of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
Is able to assign
messages
recorded
a correctly
combination
ofevidence
known
Uses a range
of adjectives and to texts
Selects
Selectsthey
and
and uses
useshave
vocabulary
vocabulary
and
and
Uses
Usesusing
word
wordendings
endings
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some
of
simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
letters and letter like symbols. experiences
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Is learning about
directionality and
spatial
concepts.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
44
55
66
77
88

and audience.
information

ideas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
The student:
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Cluster 3
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
Understands that thoughts and information can be recorded and that written symbols convey a constant message.
Composes
and records
simple
texts
about
personally
significant
topics
for their
own
purposes
andlegibly
audiences.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends, Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
with
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
appropriate tense and
as
as alliteration,
alliteration
onomatopoeia
to and
to
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphs
and
andwriting.
silent
silentletters
lettersthat
that correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
demonstrates
Often uses
drawingand
toonomatopoeia
support
enhance
their
agreement
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
are connected
Writes using
conventional
letters and
groups
of e.g.
letters
and
with punctuation to communicate their
Writes sentences that
Uses
Uses words
words
from
from increasingly
increasingly
reading
reading
program,
program,
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,experiments
nouns.
nouns.
of to challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
message.
convey information.
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Relies heavily on the most obvious sounds in words when writing, has established an understanding of
directionality
spaces
between
words.
Correct
Correctand
use
use of
ofleaves
unique
unique field
field
or
or
Use
Useofofsome
some
irregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
structures, sentence length, and uses a technically
vocabulary.
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning. size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Has
developed
a
simple
writing
vocabulary
including
high
frequency
words
and
words
of
personal
significance.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech Foundation
Style.
Style.
speech.
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.

structure
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Random words.

related).
33
44
55
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Text Structure - 2
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22

structure
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Random words.
55
88
Spelling
Spelling
44
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22

structure
Vocabulary - 2
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Records words of personal

significance e.g. their own name or
those of family members.
44
77
Spelling
Spelling
33
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Spelling - 2
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Writes approximate letters for

some sounds.
Clear attempt to write name or a
recognisable word.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
Punctuation - 2
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Random use of capital letters

and /or full stops
55
88
Spelling
Spelling
44
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary

structure
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Letter like forms with some

recognisable letters
55
88
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
44
77

structure
Handwriting/Legibility - 2
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
The student:
No clear message
message.
11
Cluster 2
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
NoKnows
evidence that
of sentence
structure.
structure
writing
is a
Attempts
Attempts
record
record words
words of
of
Random
Random
letter/letter
letter/letter
like
like
symbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
means
of toto
communication
and is
curious
about
print.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Is able to differentiate between writing and drawing and experiments with marks, often using drawing to contextualise their writing.
Is able
to assign messagesRecords
to texts
they
have recordedWrites
using
a combination
letters
andletters
letter
like symbols.
Random
words.
Records
words
words
of
of personal
personal
Writes
approximate
approximate
letters
lettersfor
for of known
Random
Random
use
useofofcapital
capital
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
some
somesounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Is learning about directionality
and
spatial
concepts.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.

related).
33
44
55
66

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Cluster 3
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
The student:
Understands that thoughts and information can be recorded and that written symbols convey a constant
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
include othermessage.
unrelated ideas.
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
context.
context.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
sentences.
sentences.
conjunctions.simple texts about personally significant
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Composes andusing
records
topics for their own purposes and audiences.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Often uses drawing to support and enhance their writing.
using
letters
of letters
experiments
withConsistent
punctuation
Fouror moreWrites
sequenced ideas
clearly conventional
Accurately writes 4 or more
simple and
Uses
Uses aagroups
range
range of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
including and
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
Consistent
use
useofofsentence
sentenceto communicate
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
a range of adjectives and
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
their message.Uses
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark. correctly.
correctly.
experiences and
class
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
Relies heavily on the most obvious experiences
soundsandin
words
when
writing,
has
established
an understanding of
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
directionality
Evidence of structure
and features of and
A varietyleaves
of sentence spaces
structures: between
Demonstrates
Demonstrateswords.
the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
simple, compound and complex, some vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
texts,
Hasreflecting
developed
a simple
writing vocabulary
including
frequency
words
ofcorrectly
personal
significance.
informative
purpose
variation
Some
variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
feelings,
experiences
and
and actions
actions high
known
known
chunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes. words and
and
anduse
use
capital
capitalletters
letters
correctly
toto
and audience.
information

e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.

ideas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
8
8 sentences introducing the themeor
idea.
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Cluster 4
The Includes
student:
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
77
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
appropriate
tense
and demonstrates
as
as alliteration,
alliteration
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
Plans for
writing
by using talk,
text orand
drawing
agreement
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
Conveys
simple
ideas,
responses,
opinions
or
questions
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
of to challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
capital
letters
and
full
stops
to
begin
and
end
sentences
convey information.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Forms all upper and lower case letters correctly

Rereads what
they
have written,
asofofthey
meaning
Demonstrates
variety in
sentences
Correct
Correct use
use
unique
uniquewrite,
field
field or
or to maintain
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
structures, sentence length, and uses a technically
vocabulary.
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning. size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Responds
to
feedback
by
making
changes
such
as
adding
or
deleting
details
or
changing
punctuation
or
spelling.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech Foundation
Style.
Style.
Sentences
flow with
logical sequence
metaphor
metaphor
and/or
and/orand
simile.
simile.
Hope/hoping
Hope/hoping,
skip/skipping.
and
commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
Accurately
writes
key personal
words
an increasing
numberskip/skipping.
of high frequencydirect
words
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
Experiments
with spelling
direct and indirect
create
create
atmosphere
atmosphere
or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
common
common
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,
their,
their, and recording sounds in wordsneeds
needs
tousing
toreflect
reflect
audience
audienceand
and
Uses early
strategies
such
as segmenting
words
into words
syllables,
hearing
and
classroom
speech.
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
purpose.
purpose.
resources, to spell unknown words.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.

structure
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Text Structure - 3
One or more ideas (may

not be related).
33
44
55
88
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.

related).
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
22
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
11
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
88
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.

sentence parts.
Meaning may be unclear.
Uses simple noun groups and
adverbial phrases
55
77

structure
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.

structure
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Vocabulary - 3
22
related).
Uses familiar, common

words and simple high
frequency words.
33
44
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
77
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
11
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
Spelling - 3
22
33
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
clear.
using conjunctions.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.

and audience.
information
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
Records dominant sounds.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Spells simple HFW correctly e.g. to,
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
my, is, can and words
of personal Uses
related).
sentence parts.
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
significance.
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Begins to use environmental
print to
write unknown Writes
words.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
44
66
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Punctuation - 3
44
55
88
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Some use of capital

letters and /or full stops.
77
Punctuation
Punctuation

structure
22
66
Spelling
Spelling
No clear message
message.
11
33
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
44
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Mix of upper and lower

case letters and/or some
May contain inconsistent
spacing, positioning or
messy corrections.
55
66
77
88

structure

related).
33
Punctuation
Punctuation
No clear message
message.
11
22
Spelling
Spelling
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
Cluster 3
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
The student:
Understands
that thoughts
and
information
canofofbe recorded
and
that written
symbols
convey
apunctuation.
constant message.
No evidence of sentence
structure.
structure
Attempts
Attempts
to
to record
record words
words
Random
Random
letter/letter
letter/letter
like
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Composes and records simple texts about personally significant topics for their own purposes and audiences.
Often
uses drawing to support
and words
enhance
their writing.Writes
Random words.
Records
Records words
of
of personal
personal
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance.
significance
Such
their
as their
own
name
or
some
some
sounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
recognisableletters
letters.
Writes using conventional letters
ande.g.
groups
ofown
letters
and
experiments
with punctuation
to communicate theirrecognisable
message.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
Relies heavily on the most obvious sounds in words whenrecognisable
writing,word.
has established an understanding of directionality and leaves spaces
recognisable
word.
between
words.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
sentence
parts.
parts including
noun/verb
simple
simple
high
high frequency
frequencyincluding
words.
words.
Spells
simple
simpleHFW
HFW
correctly
correctlyand
e.g.
e.g.toto,
full
fullof
stops.
stops.
and/orsome
Has
developed
a simple
writing
vocabulary
highSpells
frequency
words
words
personal significance. and/or
No clear message
message.
11
Vocabulary
Vocabulary

related).
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
33
Cluster 4
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.

Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
The student:
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
context.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
sentences.
sentences.
Plans for writing
using talk, text context.
or drawing.
using by
conjunctions.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking.
Conveys simple ideas, responses, opinions or questions.looked/looking
stops
begin
end
sentences.
Fouror moreUses
sequencedcapital
ideas clearly letters
Accurately and
writes 4full
or more
simple to
Uses
Uses
aa range
range of
ofand
vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Mostly forms upper
lower
letters
Uses a rangeand
of adjectives
and caseSelects
Selects
and
and uses
usescorrectly.
vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
correctly.
experiences
and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctly
spells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
Rereads what they have written, asexperiences
they write,
to maintain
meaning.
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Responds to feedback
by making changes
such
as
adding
orunfamiliar
deleting
details or
changing
punctuation
or
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
words
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
spelling.
informative texts,
reflecting purpose
variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
and audience.
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
to useAccurately
key personal
words
andslithers.
an
increasing e.g.
number
words.
Begins
text features such aswrites
Time connectives
to sequence ideas
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.of high frequency
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
information
of
HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
Uses early spelling strategies such as segmenting wordsnumber
into
syllables,
hearing
and recording sounds in
house
friend,friend
because.
because
words and using classroom resources, to spell unknown words.
44
55
66
77

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
The student:
88
Uses a range of modelled, simple planning strategies.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Cluster 5
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Composes complex texts which shows Demonstrates variety in sentences

Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
of textComposes
texts length,
on anandexpanding
range
of vocabulary.
topics,
purpose
and audience.ofpunctuation
strong evidence of the features
structures, sentence
uses a technically
technically
specific
specific
vocabulary.considering
patterns
e.g. light,
e.g.
cough.
light, cough
enhancetext
textmeaning. size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
such
such as
as
Application
spellingrules
e.g..
e.g.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech Foundation
Style.
Style.
Begins
to
independently
reread
own
textslanguage
in order
to
revise
meaning
andrules
check
spelling
and
punctuation.
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
sentences introducing the theme
showing
consistent
use of tense.
Uses
words
words and
and phrases
phrases
forand
effect,
effect,
to
to Correct
Correctspelling
spelling
ofmore
morecomplex
complex
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
or Has
a base
vocabulary
of highUses
frequency
wordsfor
demonstrates
a ofrange
of strategies when attempting to spellhandwriting
unfamiliar
words.
idea.
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
speech.
where,
where,
were,
why,
who.
who.
purpose.
purpose.
Attempts
to represent all sounds in a word and is beginning
towere,
usewhy
conventional
letter patterns.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Text Structure 4
No clear message
message.

structure
11
Two or three related

ideas. May also include
other unrelated ideas
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
44
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.

related).
77
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
Random words.
22
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure 4
88
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.

clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses simple pronoun references
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77

structure
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.

structure
11
22
Vocabulary 4
88
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Punctuation
Punctuation

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
44
66
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Uses everyday vocabulary including

proper nouns particular to cultural
context.

related).
33
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
77
88
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
66
Punctuation
Punctuation

structure
22
55
Spelling
Spelling
No clear message
message.
11
44
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling 4
Spells unknown words phonetically

with most letters in the correct
sequence. Correctly spells HFW e.g.
went, come, said.
Uses word endings e.g. boy/boys,
looked/looking.
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22

structure
Punctuation 4
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Evidence of capital letters and full

stops at the start and end of
sentences.
44
77
Spelling
Spelling
33
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
structure
11
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Spelling
Spelling

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
44
66
Random words.
Most letters formed correctly,

mostly well-spaced and
positioned.

related).
33
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
33

related).

clear.
using conjunctions.
44
66
77
Spelling
Spelling
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Cluster 5
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
The student:
Fouror moreUses
sequencedaideas
clearly of
Accurately
writes 4 or more
simple planning
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
range
modelled,
simple
strategies.
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
Useson
a range
and
Selects
Selects and
and
uses
vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endings
correctly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Composes texts
anof adjectives
expanding
range
ofuses
topics,
considering
purpose
and audience.
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
experiences
experiences and
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
Begins to independently reread own
textsandinclass
order
to revise
andHFWcheck spelling and
e.g.
e.g.They
They,meaning
after,
after,your
your.
punctuation.
and features of
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
texts,
Hasreflecting
a base
vocabulary
high frequency
words
a range ofandand
strategies
informative
purpose
variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
inof
beginnings.
feelings,
experiences
and
andand
actions
actions demonstrates
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
use
usecapital
capitalletters
letterswhen
correctly
correctlytoto
and audience.
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
Begins to useattempting
text features such as to Time
connectives
to sequence ideas
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
spell
unfamiliar
words.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
information
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
Attempts to represent all sounds in a word and is beginning
to
use
house
friend,friend
because.
because conventional letter patterns.
ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Cluster 6
The student:
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Plans
for writing
bystructure.
using talk,Attempts
text or
drawing.
No evidence
of sentence
structure
Attempts
to
to record
record
words
words of
of
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Conveys simple ideas, responses, opinions or questions.
Uses
capital letters and full stops
towords
begin
and end sentences.
Random words.
Records
Records words
of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance.
significance
e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
some
somesounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Mostly forms upper and lower
case letters
correctly.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
Rereads what they have written, as they write, to maintain
meaning.
recognisable
recognisable
word.
word.
Responds
to feedback by making
changes
such
asand
addingRecords
or deleting
details
or changing
punctuation
or spelling.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
sentence parts.
partswrites
including key
noun/verb
simple
simple
high
high frequency
frequency
words.
Spells
Spells simple
simple
HFW
correctly
correctly
e.g.
e.g.toto, words.
full
fullstops.
stops.
and/or
and/orsome
Accurately
personal
words
and anwords.
increasing number
ofHFW
high
frequency
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
Uses
earlynoun
spelling
strategies such as segmenting words into
syllables, hearing and recording sounds in words and
usingorclassroom
Uses
unclear.
simple
groups and
significance.
significance.
positioning
positioning
ormessy
messy
corrections
corrections.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
resources,
to spell unknown words.
adverbial phrases.
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.

55
Cluster 4
The student:
No clear message
message.
11
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Uses simple planning strategies to organise their ideas and then apply their planning as they turn ideas into connected sentences.

Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
of textComposes
texts length,
with and
content
that is related
to the topic with
relevant
detail
structures, sentence
uses a technically
technically
specific
vocabulary.
patterns
e.g. light,
e.g.
cough.
light, cough
type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Revises
their
text,
often in response
to
feedback
and
editsApplication
it for clarity
and
accuracy
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
showing consistent
of tense.
Uses
words
words and
and phrases
phrases
for
forspelling
effect,
effect, to
to Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
or Proofreads
theirusetext,
to checkUses
punctuation
and
idea.
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
speech.
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
of
meaning
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Text Structure - 5
No clear message
message.

structure
11
Four or more sequenced

ideas clearly connected
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
44
55
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.

related).
77
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
Random words.
22
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.

and compound sentences
adverbial phrases.
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
88

structure
Spelling
Spelling
44
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Vocabulary - 5
Uses a range of vocabulary,

including topic specific words
Selects and uses vocabulary and
phrases from shared literary
experiences and class discussion.
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
44
66

structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Spells unknown words phonetically

with letters in the correct sequence
Uses word endings correctly
look/looks/looked/looking.
Correctly spells more complex HFW
e.g. they, after, your.
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Spelling
Spelling
44
66

structure
Spelling - 5
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
Punctuation - 5
88
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Consistent use of sentence

punctuation (capital/fullstop).
Some evidence of simple
punctuation e.g. question mark,
exclamation mark.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77

structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
88

structure
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Regularity of letter size, shape,

placement, orientation and
spacing.
Writes lower and upper case letters
correctly.
55
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
33

44
66
77

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.

clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Punctuation
Punctuation
Cluster 6
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
The student:
Fouror moreUses
sequencedsimple
ideas clearly planning
Accurately writes
4 or more simple to organise
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words
phonetically
phonetically
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
Regularity
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
strategies
their including
ideas and
then
apply
their planning
as
they turnRegularity
ideasofofletter
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
a range of adjectives and
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
into connectedUses
sentences.
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
correctly.
experiences and
and class
class discussion
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
Composes texts with content that isexperiences
related
todiscussion.
the topicCorrectly
with
relevant
detail
e.g.
e.g.
They
They,after,
after,
your
your.
of structure
Revises
their
responseDemonstrates
to feedback
and
edits
for clarity
of meaning
Evidence
and features
of text,
A varietyoften
of sentencein
structures:
Demonstrates
the
the use
use of
of more
more
precise
precise
Spells
Spellsit
unfamiliar
unfamiliar
words
words using
usingand accuracy
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotation
marks,
marks,
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
texts,
Proofreads
to
check punctuation
and
spellingknown
informative
reflecting purposetheir
variation
Sometext,
variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
feelings,
experiences
and
and actions
actions
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
and audience.
information

e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
The student:
88
Spelling
Spelling
Uses
a range
of modelled,
planning
strategies.
No evidence
of sentence
structure.
structure simple
Attempts
Attempts
to
to record
record words
words
of
of
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Composes texts on an expanding range of topics, considering purpose and audience.
Begins
to independently reread
own
texts
in order to revise
meaning
and
check
spelling
andusepunctuation.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
Random
Randomuse
ofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance
e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name
some
somesounds
sounds. a range of strategies
/or
/orfull
full
stops
stops.attempting to spell
recognisable
recognisable
letters
letters.
Has a base vocabulary of highsignificance.
frequency
words
andordemonstrates
when
unfamiliar
words.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
Attempts to represent all sounds in a word and is beginning
to useword.
conventional letter patterns.
recognisable
recognisable
word.

related).
55
Cluster 5
The student:
No clear message
message.
11
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Cluster 7
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Uses a range of more sophisticated modelled planning strategies that organise ideas eg drawing diagrams, making notes.

Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
of textStates
purpose
before
text.
structures,
sentenceand
length,audience
and uses a technically
technicallycomposing
specific
vocabulary.
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning. size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech Foundation
Style.
Style.
Begins
to
use literary
devices Use
to
enhance
and
enrich
meaning.
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
showing consistent
use of tense.
Uses
Uses words
words
and
and phrases
phrasesand
for
for effect,
effect,
to
to Correct
Correct
spellingofofmore
more
complex
complexthe message, adding or deleting handwriting
handwriting
and
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
or Proofreads
for correct
punctuation,
grammar
spelling
and spelling
revises
to
clarify
for
improvement.
idea.
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
speech.
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
Text Structure - 6
88
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77

structure
Evidence of structure and

Attempts to record
their message.
Random words.
features
of imaginative,
persuasive and informative
texts, reflecting purpose and
an awareness of correct
audience. Shows
related).
sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Begins to useUses
text
features
such
unclear.
simple
noun groups and
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
as headings and
paragraphs
to
adverbial
phrases.
organise information
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
88
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.

simple, compound and complex.
Some variation in beginnings.
Time connectives to sequence
ideas e.g. first, next.
55
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary

structure
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Vocabulary - 6
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates the use of more

precise vocabulary choices to
describe feelings, experiences and
actions.
Selects a variety of powerful verbs
e.g. scrambles, slithers.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
44
77
88

structure
Spelling - 6
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Spells unfamiliar words using strategies

such as using analogy and known chunks
and rimes.
Uses more complex word endings, e.g. ly,
est, ist, es.
Accurately spells an increasing number of
HFW and topic words e.g. house, friend,
because.
55
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Punctuation - 6
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Uses fullstops, quotation marks,

exclamation marks to end
sentences and uses capital letters
correctly to begin sentences and
for familiar proper nouns.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Correct, consistent, legible,

appearing to be fluent.
55
88
Spelling
Spelling
44
77

structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
66
Punctuation
Punctuation
Uses
simple
planning
strategies
to organise
their
then
apply their
planningNoNo
asevidence
they of
turn
ideas into connected
sentences.
No evidence
of sentence
structure.
structure
Attempts
Attempts
to
to record
record words
words
of
of ideas and
Random
Random
letter/letter
letter/letter
like
likesymbols.
symbols.
evidence
ofpunctuation.
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a pencil
toto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Composes texts with content that is related to the topic with relevant detail
Revises
their text, often in response
to feedback
and edits
it for
clarity and
accuracy
of
meaning
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance.
significance
e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
own
name
or
some
somesounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Proofreads their text, to check
punctuation
andown
spelling
sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.

Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
Cluster 7
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
The student:
context.
context.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
sentences.
sentences.
conjunctions.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses a range ofusing
more
sophisticated modelled planning strategies
that
organise ideas eg drawing
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
diagrams, making notes.
Fouror moreStates
sequenced ideas
clearly Accurately
4 or more simple
Uses
Uses
aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
purpose
and writes
audience
before
composing
text.
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
Begins to use literary
devices to enhance
enrich
meaning.
adverbial phrases.
phrases
phrases from
fromand
shared
shared literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
correctly.
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
Proofreads for correct punctuation, grammar and spelling
and
revises
to clarify the message, adding or
e.g.
e.g.They
They,
after,
after,
your
your.
and features
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
deleting
forofimprovement.
The student:
77
Spelling
Spelling
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
33
55
Cluster 6
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.

related).
44
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
The student:
No clear message
message.
11
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Cluster 8
Uses planning strategies to organise ideas for writing (eg by using lists and mind maps that distinguish main ideas from details) and to

Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends, Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
appropriatelanguage
tense and demonstrates
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
generate
for writing.asas alliteration,
Consistently uses paragraphs to group subject verb agreement.
agreement
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
Creates
relevant
content
thatUses
conveys
several
experiences,
items
of information,
or ideas relating to the topic or task, sometimes
ideas.
Writes sentences
that are
connected
Uses
words
words from
from
increasingly
increasingly
reading
reading
program,
program,
e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know, andnouns.
nouns.
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
including
a comment. of to challenging
convey information.
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.
Revises and edits their writing for sense and impact and gives their peers feedback on their writing.
writing
the
grammar
and
punctuation,
drawing
onDemonstrates
their
owncontrol
developing
knowledge
about
words
and
Composes complex texts which showsProofreads
Demonstrates their
variety in
sentencesto check
Correct
Correct
use
usespelling,
of
of unique
unique field
field
or
or
Use
Useof
ofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling
patterns
Demonstrates
control
over
overa avariety
variety
of Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
letters
ofof
consistent
consistent
strong evidence of the features of text structures, sentence length, and uses a technically
vocabulary.
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning. size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
sentence
construction
resources
such
dictionaries.
type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentence
beginnings.
beginnings.and classroom
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative
language
language such
such
as
as as junior
Application
Application
ofofspelling
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech Foundation
Style.
Style.
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
8
or Publish,
where
appropriate,
in
a
variety
of
media,
depending
on
their
purpose
and
audience.
8 sentences introducing the theme
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
idea.
Experiments
with
direct andlanguage
indirect
create
create
atmosphere
atmosphere
or
or add
add
emphasis.
common
common
words
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,
their,
needs
needs
todiagrams)
toreflect
reflectaudience
audience
and
Uses
simple
written
features
(such
as emphasis.
alliteration
and similes)
andtheir,
visual language features (such as labelled
toand
speech.
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
purpose.
purpose.
support meaning.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Text Structure - 7
No clear message
message.
11
22
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
44

structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary

Random words.
Consistently uses paragraphs to
group ideas
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
22
33
88
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
clear.
using conjunctions.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.

and audience.
information
55
77
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
Include different types of verbs using
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
related).
sentence parts.
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Writes sentencesMeaning
that
connected
Uses
unclear.
simple are
noun groups
and
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
phrases. events or to
and sequenced toadverbial
narrate
convey information.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Vocabulary - 7
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Experiments with literary devices

such as alliteration and
onomatopoeia to enhance and
enrich meaning.
Uses words from increasingly
challenging texts in own writing.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Spelling - 7
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Spells words using consonant

blends, vowel diagraphs and silent
letters that have been taught as
part of the reading program, e.g.
catch, know, boat, bread, green,
could.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
Punctuation - 7
22
33
88
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
clear.
using conjunctions.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.

and audience.
information
55
77
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
Uses a range of sentence
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
punctuation correctly.
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
Consistently usesShows
capitals
fornoun/verb
properUses
related).
sentence
parts.
parts including
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
nouns.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
phrases.
Some evidence ofadverbial
contractions,
andWrites
commas.
Twoapostrophes
or three related ideas. May also
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22

structure
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Writes legibly with growing fluency

using upper and lower case letters.
55
88
Spelling
Spelling
44
77
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
33
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
22
66
77
88
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Uses
a range
of more
sophisticated
modelled
strategies
that organise
ideasNoNo
egevidence
drawing
diagrams, making
notes.
No evidence
of sentence
structure.
structure
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
wordsplanning
of
of
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letter
like
likesymbols.
symbols.
evidence
ofofpunctuation.
punctuation.
Holds
Holds
a pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
States purpose and audience before composing text.
Begins
to use literary devicesRecords
to enhance
and enrich meaning.
Random words.
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
significance.
significancegrammar
e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownand
own
namespelling
or
some
some
sounds
sounds.
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.adding or deletingrecognisable
recognisable
letters
letters.
Proofreads for correct punctuation,
and
revises to clarify the message,
for
improvement.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.

Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
ideas.

of to
convey information.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
33
55
Cluster 7
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.

related).
44
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
The student:
No clear message
message.
11
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Cluster 8
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.
The student:
context.
context.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
sentences.
sentences.
conjunctions.
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses planning using
strategies
to organise ideas for writing (egwent,
byword
using
lists
and mind maps that distinguish
Uses
Usesword
endings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
main ideas from details) and to generate language for writing.
Fouror moreCreates
sequenced ideas
clearly Accurately
writes 4 orthat
more simple
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
vocabulary,
including
including
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words
phonetically
Consistent
Consistent
use
useofofsentence
sentence
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
relevant
content
conveys
several
experiences,
items
ofphonetically
information,
and
or
ideas relating
connected.
sentences
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
punctuation
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
to the topic oradverbial
task,phrases.
sometimes including
comment.
phrases
phrases from
fromashared
shared
literary
literary
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
correctly.
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
Revises and edits their writing for sense and impact ande.g.
gives
their
e.g.
They
They,after,
after,
your
your. peers feedback on their writing.
Evidence
and features of
A variety
of sentenceto
structures:
Demonstrates
Demonstrates
the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise Spells
Spells
unfamiliar
words
words using
using
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,
quotation
quotation
marks,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
of structure
Proofreads
their
writing
check the
spelling,
grammar
andunfamiliar
punctuation,
drawing
on
theirmarks,
own Correct,
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences totobebe
fluent.
fluent.
informative texts,
reflecting purposeknowledge
variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in about
beginnings. words
feelings,
feelings,
experiences
and
and actions
actions
known
knownchunks
chunksand
and
rimes.
rimes.
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctly
totoas junior
developing
andexperiences
sentence
construction
and
classroom
resources
such
and audience.
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
headings anddictionaries.
paragraphs to organise
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
information
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
Publish, where appropriate, in a variety of media, depending
on
their purpose and audience.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses simple written language features (such as alliteration and similes) and visual language features
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends, Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
purpose and (such
audience. as labelled
appropriate
tense and demonstrates
as
as alliteration,
alliteration
and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
diagrams)
to
support
meaning.
Consistently uses paragraphs to group subject verb agreement.
agreement
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
Text Structure - 8
No clear message
message.
11
22
33
88
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77

structure
Composes complex texts which

Attempts
to record
their message.
Random words.
shows
strong
evidence
of the text
type, purpose and audience.
sentences introducing
theme
related).
sentencethe
parts.
parts including
noun/verb
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
or idea.
Uses
unclear.
44
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
22
33
44
77
88
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spelling
Spelling
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
Demonstrates variety in sentences significance.
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
range of sentenceShows
beginnings.
related).
sentence parts.
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Sentences flow with
logical
Uses
unclear.
simple
noun groupssequence
and
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial
phrases.
showing consistent
use
of tense.
Experiments withWrites
direct
and indirect
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
speech.
context.
context.
using conjunctions.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
66
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
44
77
88
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Vocabulary - 8
Random words.
Correct use of unique field or

technically specific vocabulary.
Use of figurative language such as
metaphor and/or simile.
Uses words and phrases for effect,
to create atmosphere or add
emphasis.
55
66
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.

related).
33
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
22
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11

structure
Spelling - 8
22
33
44
Random words.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
88
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.
Use of some irregular spelling

patterns e.g. light, cough.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
related).
sentence parts.
partsrules
including noun/verb
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Application of spelling
e.g.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
Hope/hoping, skip/skipping.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Correct spelling of more complex
Two or
three related ideas.words
May also
Writes
sentences, meaning
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
common
e.g.simple
there,
their,is Uses
clear.
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
Produces
some compound sentences
context.
context.
where, were, why,
who.
using conjunctions.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
66
Spelling
Spelling
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
22
33

structure
Punctuation - 8
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.

related).

sentence parts.
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
Uses
unclear.
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
Demonstrates control over a

variety of punctuation to enhance
text meaning. e.g. quotation marks
for direct speech and commas in
lists.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
44
66
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
Cluster
Text Structure
Structure
Text
No clear message
message.
11
33
88
Punctuation
Punctuation
Random
Randomletter/letter
letter/letterlike
likesymbols.
symbols.
No
Noevidence
punctuation.
Holds
Holdsa pencil
a penciltoto
draw
drawand
and
scribble.
scribble.
Random words.
Records
Records words
words of
of personal
personal
significance.
significance e.g.
Suchtheir
as their
ownown
name or
name
those or
of those
familyof
members.
family members.
Writes
Writesapproximate
approximateletters
lettersfor
for
some
somesounds
sounds.
Clear
Clearattempt
attempttotowrite
writename
nameor
oraa
recognisable
recognisableword.
word.
Random
Randomuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and
/or
/orfull
fullstops
stops.
Letter
Letterlike
likeforms
formswith
withsome
some
recognisable
recognisableletters
letters.
Records
Recordsdominate
dominantsounds.
sounds.
Spells
Spells simple
simpleHFW
HFWcorrectly
correctlye.g.
e.g.toto,
my
my,isis,
can
canand
andwords
wordsofofpersonal
personal
significance.
significance.
Begins
Beginstotouse
useenvironmental
environmentalprint
print
totowrite
writeunknown
unknownwords.
words.
Some
Someuse
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
and/or
/or
full
fullstops.
stops.
Mix
Mix
ofof
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters
letters
and/or
and/orsome
May
May
contain
contain
inconsistent
spacing,
positioning
messy
corrections
corrections.


clear.
using conjunctions.
Uses
Uses everyday
everyday vocabulary
including
proper
proper nouns
nouns particular
particular to
to cultural
cultural
context.
context.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
words phonetically
phonetically
with
withmost
mostletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correct.
sequence.
sequence.Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsHFW
HFWe.g.
e.g.
went,
went,come,
come,said
said.
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingse.g.
e.g.boy/boys
boy/boys,
looked/looking
looked/looking.
Correct
Evidence
useofofcapital
capitalletters
lettersand
andfull
full
stops
stopsatatthe
thestart
startand
andend
endofof
sentences.
sentences.
Letters
Most correctly
letters formed
formed,
correctly,
mostly mostly
well
spaced
well spaced
and positioned
and positioned.

connected.

sentences
adverbial phrases.
Uses
Uses aa range
range of
of vocabulary,
including
topic
topic specific
specific words
words.
Selects
Selects and
and uses
uses vocabulary
vocabulary and
and
phrases
phrases from
from shared
shared literary
literary
experiences
experiences and
and class
class discussion
discussion.
Spells
Spells unknown
unknownwords
wordsphonetically
phonetically
with
withletters
lettersininthe
thecorrect
correctsequence
sequence
Uses
Usesword
wordendings
endingscorrectly
correctly e.g.
Correctly
Correctlyspells
spellsofmore
morecomplex
complexHFW
HFW
e.g.
e.g.They
They,after,
after,your
your.
Consistent
Consistentuse
useofofsentence
sentence
punctuation
evidence
Some evidence
of simple
of punctuation
simple punctuation
e.g.
question
e.g. question
mark,mark,
exclamation
exclamation
mark.mark.
Regularity
Regularityofof
letter
lettersize,
size,
shape,
shape,
placement,
orientationand
and
spacing.
spacing.
Writes
Writeslower
lowerand
and
upper
upper
case
case
letters
letters
correctly.
correctly.

and audience.
information

variation
Some variation
in beginnings.
in beginnings.
e.g.
eg first
first,next
next.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates the
the use
use of
of more
more precise
precise
vocabulary
vocabulary choices
choices to
to describe
describe
feelings,
experiences and
and actions
actions
Selects
Selects aa variety
variety of
of powerful
stronger verbs e.g.
e.g.
scrambles,
scrambles,
slithers.
slithers
Spells
Spells unfamiliar
unfamiliarwords
words using
using
strategies
strategiessuch
suchas
asusing
usinganalogy
analogyand
and
known
knownchunks
chunksand
andrimes.
rimes.
Uses
Uses more
morecomplex
complexword
wordendings,
endings,
e.g.
e.g.Ly
ly,est,
est,ist,
ist,es.
es.
Accurately
Accuratelyspells
spellsan
anincreasing
increasing number
number
of HFW of
and
HFW
topic
and
words
topice.g.
words
house,
e.g.
house
friend,friend
because.
because
Uses
Usesfullstops,
fullstops,quotation
quotationmarks,
marks,
exclamation
exclamationmarks
markstotoend
endsentences
sentences
and
anduse
usecapital
capitalletters
letterscorrectly
correctlytoto
begin
beginsentences
sentencesand
andfor
forfamiliar
familiar
proper
propernouns.
nouns.
Correct,
Correct,consistent,
consistent,legible,
legible,appearing
appearing
totobebe
fluent.
fluent.

ideas.
Includes
Include different
differenttypes
typesofofverbs
verbsusing
using
agreement
of to
convey information.
Experiments
Experiments with
with literary
literary devices
devices such
such
as
as alliteration,
alliteration and
onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
to to
enhance
enhance and
and enrich
enrich meaning.
meaning.
Uses
Uses words
words from
from increasingly
increasingly
challenging
challenging text
text in
in own
own writing.
writing.
Spells
Spellswords
wordsusing
usingconsonant
consonantblends,
blends,
vowel
voweldiagraphs
diagraphsand
andsilent
silentletters
lettersthat
that
have
havebeen
beentaught
taughtas
aspart
partofofthe
the
reading
readingprogram,
program,e.g.
e.g.catch
catch,know,
know,
boat,
boat,bread,
bread,green.
green,could
could.
Uses
Usesa arange
rangeofofsentence
sentencepunctuation
punctuation Writes
Writeslegibly
legiblywith
with
growing
growingfluency
fluency
correctly.
correctly.
using
using
upper
upperand
and
lower
lowercase
case
letters.
letters.
Consistently
Consistentlyuses
usescapitals
capitalsfor
forproper
proper
nouns.
nouns.
Some
Someevidence
contractions
apostrophes
apostrophesand
andcommas
commas.

type,
text type,
purpose
purpose
and audience.
and audience.
idea.

range
a rangeofof
sentence
sentencebeginnings.
beginnings.
speech.
Correct
Correct use
use of
of unique
unique field
field or
or
technically
vocabulary.
Use
Use of
of figurative
figurative language
language such
such as
as
metaphor
metaphor and/or
and/or simile.
simile.
Uses
Uses words
words and
and phrases
phrases for
for effect,
effect, to
to
create
create atmosphere
atmosphere or
or add
add emphasis.
emphasis.
Use
Useofofsome
someirregular
irregularspelling
spelling patterns
patterns
e.g. light,e.g.
cough.
light, cough
Application
spellingrules
rulese.g..
e.g.
Hope/hoping
skip/skipping.
Correct
Correctspelling
spellingofofmore
morecomplex
complex
common
commonwords
wordse.g.
e.g.there,
there,their,
their,
where,
where,were,
were,why
why,who.
who.
Demonstrates
Demonstratescontrol
controlover
overa avariety
variety of
ofpunctuation
enhancetext
textmeaning.
meaning.
E.g. quotation
E.g. quotation
marks formarks
directfor
speech
direct
and commas
speech and
in lists.
commas in lists.
55
77
Spelling
Spelling
Attempts
Attempts to
to record
record words
words of
of
personal
significance e.g.
E.g. name.
Fluently writes letters of consistent size

and formation in NSW Foundation Style.
Uses
Uses familiar,
familiar, common
common words
words and
and
related).
sentence parts.
simple
simple high
high frequency
frequency words.
words.
Demonstrates understanding
that
Meaning
agreement.
mayMeaning
be unclear.
may be
unclear.
handwriting andUses
presentation
of work
adverbial
Uses simple
phrases.
noun groups and
adverbial phrases.
needs to reflect audience and purpose.
44
66

structure
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
22
Sentence Structure
Sentence
Structure
Grammatical
Features
Fluently
Fluentlywrites
writesletters
lettersofof
consistent
consistent
size
size
and
and
formation
formationinin
NSW
NSW Foundation
Foundation
Style.
Style.
Demonstrates
understandingthat
that
handwriting
handwritingand
and
presentation
presentationofof
work
work
needs
needs
totoreflect
reflectaudience
audienceand
and
purpose.
purpose.
TEXT STRUCTURE - Authorial

How information/ideas are organized in the text. May include features of text types.
No clear message.

One or more ideas. (may not be related).
Two or three related ideas. May also include other

unrelated ideas.
Four or more sequenced ideas clearly connected.
Evidence of structure and features of imaginative,

persuasive and informative texts, reflecting purpose
and audience.
Begins to use text features such as headings and
paragraphs to organise information
Selects a text structure to suit purpose and audience.
Consistently uses paragraphs to group ideas.
Composes complex texts which shows strong evidence

of the features of text type, purpose and audience.
Begins paragraphs with topic sentences introducing the
theme or idea.
Adapted from Mackenzie, Scull and Munsie 2013
SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES - Authorial

How sentences or sentence parts are constructed, e.g. simple, compound and complex sentence usage.
Mackenzie, Scull and Munsie 2013
Early Stage 1
Stage 1
BOSTES Document
sentence
one or more clauses; a key unit for expressing
ideas. A written sentence begins with a capital
letter and ends with a full stop, question mark
or exclamation mark, eg Kim broke the vase.
Kim tripped on the step and she broke the vase
compound sentence
two or more clauses usually linked by a coordinating conjunction, eg The bell rang and Kim went home
conjunction
joining word, eg and, so, but
quoted (direct) speech

eg, Kim said, I want to go home
complex sentence
an independent (main) clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause linked by a subordinating conjunction (indicating
time, place, manner, reason, condition),
eg We all went outside when the sun came out. When the sun came out, we all went outside
reported (indirect) speech

eg, Kim said that she wanted to go home
coordinating conjunction
a word or words that link phrases and clauses,
eg as, and, or, either/
neither, but, so, and, then
statement
provides information,
eg I am leaving now
question
asks for an answer,
eg Are you busy?
paragraph
two or more sentences centred on the same theme or idea; begins
with a topic sentence (introducing the theme or idea) in factual texts
CLAUSE LEVEL STRUCTURE OF THE CLAUSE
clause
a complete message or thought expressed in words:
a clause includes at least one noun and one verb
a clause may be a sentence on its own (main clause) or may be combined with a main clause to form
a sentence
a clause may tell us about an action and those involved in the action, eg Mark (noun doer) opened (verb action
verb) the door (noun done to)
command
tells us to do something, eg Close the door
exclamation
for emphasis, eg I won!
BOSTES
VOCABULARY - Authorial
Range and precision of word choices, e.g. everyday language, topic specific language, descriptive language.
Attempts to record words of personal significance. E.g. name.
Records words of personal significance. Such as their own name

or those of family members.
Uses familiar, common words and simple high frequency words.
Uses everyday vocabulary including proper nouns particular to

cultural context.
Uses a range of vocabulary, including topic specific words

Selects and uses vocabulary and phrases from shared literary
experiences and class discussion.
Demonstrates the use of more precise vocabulary choices to

describe feelings, experiences and actions.
Selects a variety of powerful verbs e.g. scrambles, slithers
Experiments with literary devices such as alliteration,

onomatopoeia to enhance and enrich meaning.
Uses words from increasingly challenging text in own writing.
Correct use of unique field or technically specific vocabulary.

Use of figurative language such as metaphor and/or simile.
Uses words and phrases for effect, to create atmosphere or add
emphasis.
SPELLING - Secretarial
Accuracy, complexity of words attempted, attempts (prephonetic or phonetic), use of orthographic patterns and spelling
rules.
Mackenzie, Scull and Munsie, 2013
2013
Early Stage 1
Stage 1
Phonetic spelling
(ENe-5A)
understand that initial approximations can

lead to correct formal spelling
One-syllable words (EN1-5A)
write cv, vc and cvc words that contain known lettersound relationships
Soundletter relationships (EN1-5A)
isolate and write the initial, medial and final sound of a word
spell unknown words phonetically (as they

sound), with most of the letters in the correct
sequence
Segmenting to spell (ENe-5A)
use onset and rime to spell words
vocalise or subvocalise words when trying

to write them
say and sound while writing the letter for the

first sound in a word
say and write letters for some of the sounds in

a word beyond the initial sound,identifying the
sounds through stretching the word
Sight words (ENe-5A)
write their own name using correct spelling
copy the sequence of letters from models of

high-frequency, topic and personal words
write high-frequency words independently (eg

is, I, am, the)
BOSTES Document
use knowledge of lettersound relationships to spell regular one-syllable words
understand how to use digraphs, long vowels, blends and silent letters to spell words
choose phonetically appropriate letters to represent most of the sounds in unknown words (students may
have difficulty with consonant blends)
spell words using consonant blends, digraphs and long vowel sounds that have been introduced as a
component of the reading program
spell words using silent letters that have been introduced as a component of the reading program
use double consonants where appropriate, eg hopping
exchange one letter in a written word with a different letter to make a new word
Segmenting to spell (EN1-5A)
break simple words into morphemes to aid in spelling
break simple words into syllables to aid spelling
use rime analogy to spell new words, eg mop, hop
use knowledge of familiar letter patterns to spell words, eg -ed, -ing
Sight words (EN1-5A)
use visual memory to write high-frequency words
use visual memory to write irregular verbs
focus on letter sequences and their sounds when copying and learning high-frequency, topic and personal
words
spell high-frequency and common sight words accurately
spell known words using letter names
Word origins (EN1-5A)
begin to understand how knowledge of word origins supports spelling
BOSTES
PUNCTUATION - Secretarial
Use of conventional and appropriate punctuation to indicate the structure and organisation of the text to aid the reader.
Mackenzie, Scull and Munsie 2013
Early Stage 1
Stage 1
capital letter
used for names and to signal the beginning of a sentence
capital letter
used for proper nouns
full stop
used to signal the end of a sentence
question mark
used to signal the end of a question
question mark
used to signal a question
exclamation mark
used to signal the end of an exclamation
exclamation mark
used to provide emphasis
comma
separates items in a list
quotation marks
used to signal quoted (direct) speech
a list
Stage 2
quotation marks
used to signal dialogue, titles and quoted (direct) speech
apostrophe
used to signify a contraction
HANDWRITING AND LEGIBILITY- Secretarial

How sentences or sentence parts are constructed, e.g. simple, compound and complex sentence usage.
Holds a pencil to draw and scribble.
Letter like forms with some recognisable letters
Mix of upper and lower case letters and/or some

May contain inconsistent spacing, positioning or messy
corrections
Letters correctly formed, mostly well-spaced and positioned
Regularity of letter size, shape, placement, orientation and spacing.

Writes lower and upper case letters correctly.
Correct, consistent, legible, appearing to be fluent.
Writes legibly with growing fluency using upper and lower case
letters.
Fluently writes letters of consistent size and formation in NSW

Foundation Style.
Demonstrates understanding that handwriting and presentation of
work needs to reflect audience and purpose.

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Cluster

Attempts to record their message.

One or more ideas. (may not be

Shows an awareness of correct

Two or three related ideas. May also

Writes simple sentences, meaning is

Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

Accurately writes 4 or more simple

Evidence of structure and features of

A variety of sentence structures:

Selects a text structure to suit

Composes complex texts which shows

Demonstrates variety in sentences

No evidence of sentence structure.

Attempts to record their message.

One or more ideas. (may not be

Shows an awareness of correct

Two or three related ideas. May also

Writes simple sentences, meaning is

Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

Accurately writes 4 or more simple

Evidence of structure and features of

A variety of sentence structures:

Selects a text structure to suit

Composes complex texts which shows

Demonstrates variety in sentences

No evidence of sentence structure.

No evidence of sentence structure.

Attempts to record their message.

Shows an awareness of correct

Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

Accurately writes 4 or more simple

include other unrelated ideas.

Evidence of structure and features of

Selects a text structure to suit

Composes complex texts which shows

and sequenced to narrate events or

Demonstrates variety in sentences

No evidence of sentence structure.

Shows an awareness of correct

Two or three related ideas. May also

Writes simple sentences, meaning is

Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

Accurately writes 4 or more simple

Evidence of structure and features of

A variety of sentence structures:

Selects a text structure to suit

Composes complex texts which shows

Demonstrates variety in sentences

Attempts to record their message.

Shows an awareness of correct

Two or three related ideas. May also

Writes simple sentences, meaning is

Four or more sequenced ideas clearly

Accurately writes 4 or more simple

Evidence of structure and features of

A variety of sentence structures:

Selects a text structure to suit

Composes complex texts which shows

Demonstrates variety in sentences

No evidence of sentence structure.

Attempts to record their message.

Shows an awareness of correct