TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

1338 ARLEGUI ST., QUAIPO, MANILA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE 503 CE51FA2
WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

WRITTEN REPORT
DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM AND LAYOUT SYSTEM,

SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP 3
1210369

Gutierrez, Jerico Noel

1420057

Mercado, Ma. Nouelle L.

1411683

Quimson, Jay Christian J.

1320158

Regodon, Angelica D.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ARIEL MORALES

DATE SUBMITTED:
November 21, 2016

DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM

AND LAYOUT SYSTEM

roadways, which is disruptive to

commerce and increases traffic
problems. Instead, existing urban
areas tend to opt for combined
sewer systems that can utilize
existing drainage channels.

(PHILIPPINE SETTING)

INTRODUCTION
SEWAGE - It is Liquid Waste or Waste
Water produced as a result of water use.
SEWER - It is the pipe or conduit for
carrying sewage. It is generally closed and
flow
takes
place
under
gravity
(Atmospheric Pressure).

COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS rely

on
septic
tanks
for
primary
treatment and then the effluent is
discharged to existing subsurface or
open channel storm drains. Storm
drains are connected with larger
interceptor
sewers
which
are
equipped with combined storm water
overflows for peak rain periods. The
interceptor pipelines collect the dry
weather flows and convey the
combined wastewater to treatment
plants.

SMALL
DIAMETER
EFFLUENT
SEWERS collect septic tank effluent
and convey it to larger sewer mains
which eventually lead to treatment
systems. These may be variable
grade, or include effluent pumping
stations as needed to overcome
gravity.

CONDOMINIAL
SEWERS
incorporate shared branches that
connect groups of homes to sewer
mains
at
strategic
locations.
Condominial branches are often
installed
and
owned
by
the
homeowners and locally maintained
in exchange for reductions in
sewerage fees. Local ownership
helps achieve sustainability.

SEWERAGE - is the system of collection of

waste water and conveying it to a point of
final disposal with or without treatment.
SLUDGE - refers to the residual, semi-solid
material that is produced as a by-product
during sewage treatment of industrial or
municipal wastewater.
SEPTAGE - or septic tank sludge refers to
the partially treated sludge stored in a
septic tank
EFFLUENT - refers to liquid waste or
sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT - is a process
used to convert wastewater - which is
water no longer needed or suitable for its
most recent use - into an effluent that can
be either returned to the water cycle with
minimal environmental issues or reused.

TYPES OF SEWER SYSTEMS

SANITARY SEWERS use sewer

pipes to connect the waste discharge
from homes directly to a sewer
network, while excluding storm
water. There are several places in
the Philippines with sanitary sewers
such as parts of Zamboanga, Baguio,
Makati and Quezon City. Sanitary
sewers do not rely on septic tanks as
direct connections are required.
Many existing communities in the
Philippines are unwilling to install
sanitary sewers as they are very
expensive and require excavation of

SEWER
TYPE

Sewerage Technology Selection

FROM THE
AT THE
HOUSE
STREET
FOR ANY POPULATION

COMBINED
SEWER

Individual or
cluster
septic tanks

Subsurface
storm drains
or open
canals

SANITARY
SEWER

House
connection
through
building
sewer

Pipes with
manholes
for
maintenanc
e

FOR POPULATIONS OF LESS THAN 200,

SMALL
DIAMETER
SEWERS

Septic tank

Small
diameter
pipes with
cleanouts

CONDOMIN
IAL
SEWERS

House
connection
through
building
sewer

Branches
connect to
sewer mains
in the
streets

SEWER
NETWORK
Septic
effluent
mixes with
stormwater,
then to
combined
overflow and
treatment
Sewage
flows
through
pipes and lift
stations to
treatment
plant
000 PEOPLE
Centralized
or
decentralize
d treatment
systems
Centralized
or
decentralize
d treatment
systems

DESIGN PARAMETERS
The following parameters are the basis for the design of the sewerage collection system
and the wastewater treatment plant specifications:

Topography determination of the catchment areas is an important first step in the

design of the sewerage collection system.

Volumetric Flowrate In order to determine volumetric flowrate, the following data are
needed: number of households, number of guest rooms, per capita water usage.

Cost effectiveness The system has to be done at the least cost but at the same time
still has to be effective in its intended function.

Type of Wastewater The area in consideration is characterized as mixed domestic /

commercial.
In wastewater engineering, this translates to a definite range of
contaminant concentrations.

FACTORS IN CHOOSING SEPTAGE TREATMENT

SEPTIC TANK MANAGEMENT

1. Septic Tank Design and Construction. Regulatory oversight for the design, installation
and use of septic tanks.
2. Procedures for Septic Tank Pumping and Septage Transportation. Best practices
for pumping and transporting the septage once it is removed from the tank.

3. Recordkeeping and Reporting. Mechanisms such as manifests, receipts, and other

records.
4. Septage Treatment and Disposal.
disposal and reuse.

Infrastructure to accomplish septage treatment,

SEPTIC TANKS DESIGN CRITERIA

Septic Tank - A watertight, on-site treatment system for domestic sewage, consisting of two
or more compartments, in which the sanitary flow is detained to permit concurrent
sedimentation and sludge digestion.
Proper septic tank design considers several factors:

The septic tank is sized properly with appropriate detention time and volume

There are proper inlet and outlet structures

There is at least one baffle separating the tank into multiple compartments

They are water tight

There is an access port for each compartment that allows for inspection and
pumping

THE SEPTIC TANK DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Approved Materials

Concrete is a common material for septic tank construction. Concrete may be poured in
place or as grout-filled hollow blocks. Plastic and fiberglass are also approved
materials. Steel, wood, or other materials that are subject to decomposition in soil should
never be used.

Approved Service Providers

Civil or sanitary engineers are typically responsible for designing septic tanks and
sewage systems. Licensed plumbers may also provide this service in some areas.
Other jurisdictions establish licensing programs that include testing and certification.
There should be oversight by a regulatory body or licensing board through which citizens
are able to register complaints for poor work, errors or omissions.

Wastewater Treatment Options

DECISION TREE FOR WATSEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

SOME OF THE PHILIPPINE LAWS

INVOLVE IN REGULATIONS OF SANITARY
AND WASTEWATER SYSTEM
The Philippine Government is fully aware
of what is going on. They create the laws
to "protect" the environment. The
implementation of these laws in now a
different story.

Drainage of Buildings (Civil Code of

the Philippines - R.A. 386 of
1949)
Sanitary Engineers and Wastewater
Disposal
Systems
(Sanitary
Engineering Law- R.A. 1364 of
1955)
Sewerage and Sanitation Provisions
(Plumbing Law - R.A. 1378 of
1955)

Sewerage Provisions (Provincial

Water Utilities Act - P.D. 198 of
1973)
Sewage Disposal Provisions (1974
IRR of P.D. 522)
Sewage Disposal and Drainage
Provisions (Sanitation Code - P.D.
856 of 1975)
Drainage Provisions (Water Code P.D. 1067 of 1976)
Wastewater and Drainage Provisions
(National Building Code - P.D.
1096 of 1977)
Liquid Waste Disposal Provisions
(Environment Code - P.D. 1152 of
1977)

CASE STUDY COMPARING THE SEWER SYSTEM ON SOME PARTS

OF BAGUIO CITY, ZAMBOANGA CITY, VIGAN CITY, BACOLOD CITY

AND DAGUPAN CITY