Professional Documents
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EVIDENCE
Ateneo de Manila Law School
Prof. Eugenio H. Villareal
Section 3B, 2nd Semester, SY 2016-2017
Rule 128, General Provisions, Sections 1 and 2
Nature of evidence; distinguished from proof
Constitutional basis - Article VIII, Section 5 (5)
Factum probandum v. factum probans
Evidentiary rules in the Constitution and other laws, procedural issuances
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Sections 2 and 3 (unlawful search and
seizures) (privacy of communication and correspondence)
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Section 12 (inadmissible confessions and
admissions)
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Section 17 (right v. self-incrimination)
Gutang v. People, G.R. No. 135406, 11 July 2000
Marcelo v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 109242, 26 July 1999
Hoffman v. United States, 34 U.S. 479, 71 S.Ct. 814, 95 L.Ed.
1118 (1951)
People v. Lauga, 615 SCRA 548 (2010)
Anti-Wire-Tapping Act (RA 4200)
Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004, Sections 9 and 10, in relation
to Section 3 (h)
Rule on Electronic Evidence, 2001
Confidentiality Rule in Adoption Cases (Section 18, A.M. 02-6-02-SC)
Rule on Examination of a Child Witness (Sections 6 to 32, A.M. No.
00-4-07)
Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC)
Vallejo Standard - People v. Vallejo, 382 SCRA 192
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R No. 190710, 06 June 2011
Precautionary Principle, Rule 20, and Documentary Evidence, Rule 21,
Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases (A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC).
Suppletory or analagous application in administrative or quasi-judicial
proceedings (Section 4, Rule1)
GSIS, et al. v. Dinnah Villaviza, et al., G.R. No. 180291, 27 July 2010.
First United Construction Corp. v. Valdez and Aldea, G.R. No.
154108, 10 December 2008.
Kinds of Evidence
Object (real), documentary, testimonial
Relevant, material, competent
Direct and circumstantial
Cumulative and corroborative
Prima facie and conclusive
Primary and secondary
Positive and negative
Expert evidence
Preponderant evidence (Rule 133, Section 1 - for civil cases)
Equipoise rule - Yuchengco, et al. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No.
149802, 20 January 2006.
(Also applies to criminal cases - Abarquez v. People, G.R. No.
150762, 20 January 2006)
* evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt (Rule 133, Section 2 - for
criminal cases) (cf. on inconsistencies, no universal application of falsus
in uno, falsus in omnibus, which deals with the weight of evidence, People
v. Pacis, et al., L-32957-58, 25 July 1984)
* clear and convincing evidence (for charges to be filed against judges Pesole v. Rodriguez, A.M. No. 755-MJ, 31 January 1978)
* substantial evidence - Rule 133, Section 5.
Biak-na-bato Mining Co. v. Tanco, etc., et al., L-34267-68, 25
January 1991.
Rule 128, Sections 3 and 4
Admissibility of evidence
Relevancy of evidence
Knapp v. State, 168 Ind. 153, 79 N.E. 1076 (1907)
People v. Yatco, 97 Phil. 940 and Prats Co. vs. Phoenix Assurance, 52 Phil. 807
(conditional and multiple admissibility)
* Notion of curative admissibility - American rule, English rule, and
Massachusetts rule (subject always to constitutional limitations: Moncado
Peoples Court, 80 Phil. 1 - Stonehill v. Diokno, L-19550, 19 June 1967)
* Collateral matters - basis for inference as to the existence or non-existence
of facts in issue
Nuez v. Cruz-Apao, A.M. No. CA-05-18-P, 12 April 2005 - ephemeral
electronic communication
People v. Enojas, et al., G.R. No. 204894, 10 March 2014 - testifying on text
messages in criminal cases
Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud, 469 SCRA 469
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In re Siemens Estate, 346 Pa. 610, 31 A.2d 280, 153 ALR 483 (1943)
In re Marriage of Tresnak, 297 NW 2d 109 (1980)
Ohio Bell Tel. Co. v. Public Utilities Commission of Ohio, 301 US 292, 57 S.
Ct. 724, 81 L. Ed. 1093 (1937)
Catungal v. Hao, G.R. No. 134972, 22 March 2001
Corinthian Gardens v. Spouses Tanjangco, G.R. No. No. 160795, 27 June 27
2008
Social Justice Society v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, 13 February 2008
Latip v. Chua, G.R. No. 177809, 16 October 2009
Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-C)
People v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, 09 May 2002
Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, 17 December 2007
(read with Agustin v. Hon. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 162571, 15 June
2005)
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. 190710, 06 June 2011
Rule 129, Section 4 (Judicial Admissions)
* versus admissions by an adverse party (Section 3, Rule 26)
* relate to Section 8, Rule 8
* relate to Article 1431, New Civil Code
Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sports Complex, G.R. No. 174154, 17 October 2008
Toshiba Information v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 157594,
09 March 2010
Ching v. CA, G.R. No. 110844, 27 April 2000
Sps. Antazo v. Doblado, et al., G.R. No. 178908, 04 February 2010
PLDT v. Robert Pingol, G.R. No. 182622, 08 September 2010
Theresita, et al., all surnamed Dimaguila v. Jose and Sonia Monteiro, G.R. No.
201011, 27 January 2014
*paraffin test
*chain of custody
U.S. v. Tan Teng, 23 Phil. 145
U.S. v. Ong Siu Hong, 36 Phil. 735
Phil. Movie Pictures Workers Association v. Premiere Productions, Inc., 92
Phil. 843
Balian v. General Motors, 121 N.J. Super. 118, 296 A.2d 317 (1972)
People v. Bowley, 59 Cal. 2d 855, 31 Cal. Rptr. 471, 382 P. 2d 591 (1963)
Jose v. CA, G.R. No. 118441, 18 January 2000
Tangan v. CA, 373 SCRA 119
People v. Amestuzo, G.R. No. 104383, 12 July 2001
Maturillas v. People, G.R. No. 163217, 18 April 2006
Reyes v. CA, G.R. No. 180177, 18 April 2012
People v. Freddie Ladip, G.R. No. 196146, 12 March 2014
People v. Hermanos Constantino, Jr., G.R. No. 199689, 12 March 2014,
People v. Abetong, G.R. No. 209785, 04 June 2014 (Chain of Custody)
Rule 130, Section 2
* documentary evidence
* functional equivalent
* mental incapacity/immaturity
* Rule on Examination of Child Witness (A.M. No. 00-407-SC)
* Disqualifications
Marriage - spousal immunity versus marital privilege (Section 24[a])
Dead Mans Statute
Insanity of adverse party
Privileged communication
Spousal privilege
Attorney-client (contrast with work product doctrine)
Physician-patient - but read together with Rule 28 (physical and mental
examination of a person)
Priest-penitent
Public officer
* journalists privilege not to reveal source (RA 53, as amended by RA 1477)
* information and statements at labor conciliation proceedings (Article 233,
Labor Code)
* secrecy of the ballot
* trade secrets (cf. Articles 291 and 292, Revised Penal Code)
* bank deposits/bank secrets
* Judicial privilege
* Government privilege
* right against self-incrimination, supra
* RA 6981 (Witness Protection Security and Benefit Act)
* Filial privilege (Section 25 below)
Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14, 18 L.Ed 2d 1019(1987)
United States v. Looper, 419 F.2d 1405 (1969)
People v. Tuangco, G.R. No. 130331, 22 November 2000
People v. Golillim, G.R. No. 145225, 02 April 2004
People v. Canete, G.R. 491920, G.R. No. 491920, 28 March 2003
People v. Zheng Bai Hi, 338 SCRA 420 (2000)
Sunga-Chan v. Chua, G.R. No. 143340, 15 April 2001
Sanson v. CA, G.R. No. 127745, 22 April 2003
Ziegler v. Moore, 75 Nev. 91, 335 P.2d, 425
Zulueta v. CA, G.R. No. 107383, 20 February 1996
People v. Francisco, 78 Phil. 694
Regala v. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 122 (1996)
People v. Sandiganbayan, 275 SCRA 505 (1997)
Barton v. Leyte Asphalt & Mineral Oil Co., 46 Phil. 938
Mercado v. Vitriolo, AC 5110, 26 May 2005
Krohn v. CA, 233 SCRA 146 (1994)
Gonzales v. CA, G.R. No. 117740, 30 October 1998
Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 286 (1995)
Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability, G.R. No. 180643, 25 March 2008
Per Curiam Supreme Court Decision in connection with the letter of the
House Prosecution Panel to subpoena Justices of the Supreme Court (dated 14
February 2012)
Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, 142 SCRA 523 (relate to RA 1405)
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definition of hearsay
verbal or non-verbal (conduct, assertive or non-assertive)
independently relevant statement
double/multiple hearsay
negative hearsay
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10
burden of proof
Equipoise Rule
English Exchequer rule
circumstantial evidence
preponderance of evidence
proof beyond reasonable doubt
extra-judicial confession; corroborated by corpus delicti for conviction
circumstantial evidence
substantial evidence
power of the court to stop further evidence
evidence on motion
30%
30%
40%.
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