ANNA UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

Part A
1. State DAlemberts principle.
2. Define unbalance and spring surge.
3. What is dynamic balancing?
4. What are different types of balancing machines?
5. What are the different types of vibrations?
6. Define degrees of freedom.
7. Define frequency, cycle, period, free vibrations.
8. Define damping factor and resonance.
9. What is the function of a governor? How does it differ from that of a flywheel?
10. What is gyroscopic torque?
Part - B
11. The mass of each ball of a proell governor is 7.5 kg and the load on the sleeve is 80 kg. Each of
the arms is 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation whereas the lower
arms are pivoted to links of 40 mm from the axis of rotation. The extensions of the lower arms to
which the balls are attached are 100 mm long and are corresponding to extreme radii of 180 mm
and 240 mm.
12. a. The dimensions of a four link mechanism are : AB = 500 mm; BC = 660 mm; CD = 560 mm
and AD = 1000 mm. The link AB has an angular velocity of 10.5 rad/s counter closckwise and
an angular retardation of 26 rad/s2 at the instant when it makes an angle of 600 with AD, the fixed
link.
The mass of the links BC and CD is 4.2 kg/m length. The llink AB has a mass of 3.54 kg, the
centre of which lies at 200 mm from A and a moment of inertia of 88500 kg mm2.
Neglecting gravity and friction effects, determine the instantaneous value of the drive torque
required to be applied on AB to overcome the inertia forces.
b. The torque delivered by a tow stroke engine is represented by
T = (1000 + 300 sin 2 - 500 cos 2) N-m
Where is the angle turned by the crank from the inner dead centre. The engine speed is 250
rpm. The mass of the flywheel is 400 kg and radius of gyration 400 mm. determine :
i. the power developed.
ii. The total percentage fluctuation of speed
iii. The angular acceleration of flywheel when the crank has rotated through an angle of 60 0 from
the inner dead centre.
iv. The maximum angular acceleration and retardation of the fly wheel.
13. a. Four masses A, B, C and D are completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 90 0 and
1950 respectively with B in the same sense. The rotating masses have following properties.
mb
=
25 kg
rb =
150 mm
mc
=
40 kg;
rb =
200 mm
md
=
35 kg;
rc =
100 mm
rd =
180 mm
planes B and c are 250 mm apart, Determine
i. the mass A and its angular position (ii) the positions of planes A and D.
b. Derive the following expressions of effects of partial balancing in two cylinder locomotive
engine.
i. Variation of tractive force ii. Swaying couple and iii. Hammer blow.
14. a. Derive an expression for the natural frequency of the free longitudinal vibrations by (i)
Equilibrium method (ii) Energy method.
b. The following data relate to a shaft held in long bearings.

Length of shaft = 1.2 m; diameter of shaft = 14 mm; mass of a rotor at midpoint = 16 kg;
Eccentricity of centre of mass of rotor from centre of rotor = 0.4 mm; Modulus of elasticity of
shaft material = 200 GN/m2; Permissible stress in shaft material = 70 x 106 N/m2.
Determine the critical speed of the shaft and the range of speed over which it is unsafe to runthe
shaft. Assume the shaft to be massless.
15. a. A single cylinder vertical petrol engine of total mass 400 kg is mounted upon a steel chassis
frame and causes a vertical static deflection of 2.4 mm. The reciprocating parts of engine have a
mass of 18 kg and move through a vertical stroke of 160 mm with SHM. A daspot is pivoted, the
damping resistance of which is directly proportional to the velocity and amounts to 2000 N/m/s.
Determine
i.
The speed of the driving shaft at which resonance will occur, and
ii.
The amplitude of steady state forced vibrations when the driving shaft of the engine
rotates.
b. i. Explain the term magnification factor or dynamic magnifier.
ii. Derive the equation of virbaration isolation factor or transmissibility ratio.
ANNA UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS
PART A
1.
State DAlemberts principle.
2.
Explain the term maximum fluctuation of energy in flywheels.
3.
State the conditions for complete balance of several masses revolving in different
planes of a shaft.
4.
List the effects of partial balancing of locomotives.
5.
Draw the schematic diagram of a free damped vibration system and write the governing
differential equation of the system.
6.
Give the equation for damping factor and damped frequency d.
7.
Define magnification factor.
8.
Sketch the graph for (/n) Vs transmissibility for different values of damping factor.
9.
State the function of flywheel and governor in an engine.
10.Define windup. What is the remedy for camshaft windup?
Part B
11. A harmonic exciting force of 25 N is acting on a machine part which is having a mass of 2 kg and is
vibrating in a viscous medium. This exciting force causes a resonant amplitude of 12.5 mm with a period
of 0.2 sec. Determine the damping coefficient.
12.a. A vertical petrol engine 150 mm diameter and 200 mm stroke has a connecting rod 350 mm long.
The mass of the piston is 1.6 kg and the engine speed is 1800 rpm. On the expansion stroke with crank
angle 300 fromt eh top dead centre, the gas pressure is 750 kN/m2. Determine the net thrust on the
connecting rod and torque on the crank.
12. b. The torque exerted on the crank shaft of a two stroke engine is given by T = 7000 + 1000 sin 2 2000 cos 2, where is crank angle from inner dead centre. Assuming resisting torque to be consant,
determine.
i. power developed when engine speed is 300 rpm.
ii. The maximum fluctuations in speed in percentage.
The mass of flywheel is 500 kg with radius of gyration 750 mm.
13.a. In a single degree of damped vibrating system, a suspended mass of 3.75 kg makes 12 oscillations in
7 seconds when disturbed from its equilibrium position. The amplitude of vibration reduces to 0.33 of its
initial value in four oscillations. Determine : i. stiffness of the spring, ii. Logarithmic decrement, iii.
Damping factor and iv. Damping coefficient.

b. The barrel of a large gun recoils against a spring on firing. At the end of the firing, a dash pot is
engaged that allows the barrel to return to its original position in minimum time without oscillation. Gun
barrel mass is 400 kg and initial velocity of recoil is 20 m/s. the barrel recoils 1 m. determine spring
stiffness and critical damping coefficient of dash pot.
14. a. Four masses, m1, m2, m3 and m4 of 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg are attached to a shaft at
planes A1, A2, A3 and A4 respectively and revolve at radii 270 mm, 210 mm, 300 mm and 360 mm
respectively. The distance of the planes A2, A3 and A4 are 270 mm, 420 mm and 720 mm respectively from
plane A1. The angles measured counter clockwise are m 1 to m2 450, m2 750 and m3 to m4 1350. The
distance between the balancing planes L and M are 500 mm and L is 120 mm from A1 and M is 100 mm
from A4. If the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 72 mm, find their magnitude and angular positions.
b. A radial engine has three cylinders whose axes are spaced at angular intervals of 120 0. The three
connecting rods are coupled directly to a single crank. The stroke is 120 mm and the length of each
connecting rod is 180 mm. the mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 2 kg. find the resultant
primary and secondary forces acting on the frame of the engine when running at 2100 rpm.
15. a. Calculate the range of speed of a Porter governor which has equal arms of each 200 mm long and
pivoted on the axis of rotation. The mass of each ball is 4 kg and the central mass of the sleeve is 20 kg.
the radius of rotation of the ball is 100 mm when the governor beings to lift and 130 mm when the
governor is at maximum speed.
b. Find the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical for a two wheeler having the following details
negotiating a turn of radius 50 m
combined mass of vehicle with rider = 250 kg; Centre of gravity with rider in vertical position = 0.6 m;
Moment of inertia of flywheel = 0.3 kgm 2; M.I of each road wheel = 1 kg m 2; Speed of engine is five
times that of road wheels and in same direction; Vehicle speed = 90 km/h; Wheel diameter = 600 mm.

ANNA UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

PART A
1. Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.
2. Define inertia force.
3. Can a single cylinder engine be fully balanced? Why?
4. What are the effects of hammer blow and swaying couple?
5. What are the various types of damping?
6. Define magnification ratio.
7. What is meant by sensitivity of a governor?
8. What is the effect of friction on the governors?
9. Define gyroscopic couple.
10. What is meant by automatic controls?
11. A machine weighing 75 kg is mounted on springs and is fitted with dashpot to damp vibrations.
There are three springs each of stiffness 10 kg / cm and it is found that the amplitude of vibration
diminishes from 3.84 cm to 0.64 cm in two consecutive oscillations. Assuming damping force
varies as the velocity, determine the resistance of the dashpot at unit velocity and compare the
frequency of damped vibration with the frequency when the dashpot is not in operation.

12. a. A vertical single cylinder gas engine has a bore of 8 cm and a stroke of 10 cm. the connecting
rod length is 20 cm and the reciprocating parts weigh 1.5 kg. The gas pressure on the piston is 6
kg/cm2 when it has moved 1.5 cm from the inner dead centre on its power stroke. Determine the
net load on the gudgeon pin when engine runs at 2000 rpm. At what speed this load will be zero?
b. The turning moment curve for an engine is represented by the equation, T = (20000 + 9500 sin
2 - 5700 cos 2) N-m, where is the rotation of the crank. If the resisting torque is constant, find
i. Power developed
ii. M.I of the flywheel; and
iii.
angular acceleration of the flywheel at 450 of crank rotation from I.D.C
iv.
the speed of the engine is 180 r.p.m and total fluctuation of speed is 1%.
13. a. The four cylinders A, B, C, D of a vertical engine are spaced at 24 cm, 11 cm and 24 cm centers.
The reciprocating masses of cylinders A and D each weigh 160 kg and their cranks are 90 0 to one
another. The stroke is 12 cm and connecting rod length is 20 cm. Determine the weights of
reciprocating masses for B and C and their crank position relative to A if all the primary forces and
couples are balanced one another. Calculate maximum unbalanced secondary force when the
engine is running at 450 r.p.m.
b. A, B, C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100, 125, 200 and 150 mm
respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the masses of
B, C and D are 10 kg and 4 kg respectively. Find the required mass A and the relative angular
settings of the four masses so that the shaft shall be in complete balance.
14. a. Determine the natural frequency of oscillations of the system by energy method and also by
Newtons method.
b. The two equal masses of 500 kg and radius of gyration 37.5 cm are keyed to opposite ends of a
shaft 60 cm long. The shaft is 7.5 cm dia for the first 25 cm and 12.5 cm dia for the next 10 cm
and 8.75 cm dia. For the remainder of its length. Find the natural frequency of the free torsional
vibration of the system and the position of the node. Take G = 8 x 106 N/cm2.
15. a. A motor cycle with its rider weighs 250 kg., the centre of gravity of the machine and the rider
combined being 60 cm above the ground level when the machine is standing upright. Each road
wheel has a moment of inertia of 8 kg m and rolling diameter of 60 cm. the engine rotates six
times the speed of the road wheels in the same sense. The moment of inertia of engine is 1.5 kg
m2. Determine the angle of wheel necessary if the motor cycle is traveling at a speed of 15 m/sec
in a curve of 30 m.
b. The controlling force FC and radius of rotation of a spring controlled governor is given by the
expression.
FC = 2000r 76
The mass of the ball is 5 kg and extreme radii of rotation of the ball are 0.1m and 0.175m
respectively for max. and min speeds. If the friction on the governor is 5 N at each ball find the
coefficient of insensitiveness of the governor at extreme radii.