ANATOMICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES

The purpose of this chapter is provide the student an understanding of the intricate relationships of structure,
function, and the production of speech sounds. There are four processes necessary for the production of
speech: Respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation.
Respiration: the process of modifying the air from the lungs for use in breathing and speaking.
Phonation: the modification of the airstream from the lungs by the movement of the structures in the
laryngeal area.
Resonation: the shading and modification of the airstream from the lungs by the size, shape, and
movement of the structures of the nasal, oral, and pharyngeal areas.
Articulation: the modification of the airstream from the lungs by the various articulators.
For each of these, there are two parts: The Structures and The Process.
Composed of trachea, the

Respiratio
n

The pulmonary
bronchi and the lungs.
system
Consists of vertebra, clavicles,
The chest wall
scapulas, ribs, sternum and the

Structures

hip bones.

The muscles Divided in diaphragm, internal

intercostals and external
intercostals.
They`re divided in two mains

Phonatio
n

The muscles
groups: extrinsic and
intrinsects muscles.

The vocal
folds
They`re
comprised of a vocal
ligament and the
thyroartenoid muscle.

Articulati
on

Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Hard Plate
Soft Plate
Glottis
Muscles

Is composed of the nose and

the nasal cavity.
Procedures,
R e s p i rnasalis,
a t i o depresor
Nasal Cavity
n
nasal dilator
Muscles septi, posterior
Resonati
and the anterior nasal dilator.
Oral Cavity
on
Consists of the buccal cavity
Pharyngaland the mouth cavity.
Cavity
Is a tube of muscle and
mucous membrance
connecting the larynx and
oral/nasal cavities.
P h o n a t io
n
Formed externally by the skin and internally by mucous
Is
the
production
of
the
sound
at
level
of the
membrance, else includes vermilion, philtrum, cupids bow and
larynx. One of the most widely accepted
columella.
theories
phonation is
called the
There are two types of teeth, deciduos
andofpermanent,
and
myoelastic-aerodynamic
these last are important for the production
of phonemes (32 theory. It consists
in:
teeth).
Respiration in the human body involves the
The
glotis is
costricted
by
the from the
Is the most important articulator for
itsthe
flexibility,
structure
Is1.
process
of
modifying
sound
flow
of
gas in its
outward
(expiratory)
and
contraction
of
the
muscles
adduction.
is: tip, the blade, the front and the
back.
larynx is
accomplished cycles.
by theof air
stream
inward
(inspiratory)
EXpiration
2.two
Upon
reaching
the constriction,
the air
Is compused of the two maxillary results
and
palatines
bones,
this
moving
through
oralthorax
and
R
ethe
so
nnasal,
a t i of the
in
the
increase
in
the
size
from the lungs increase
the amount of
is important for resonance.
o
n
pharybgeal
cavities.
Formants:
the
and expiration
occurs the
when
theand
size
of the
pressure against
glotis
creates
Is located
directly
behind
of
the
hard
palate.
overtones
or resonances
of the
vocal tract.
A r tic u la t i
thorax
reduced
and the lung
is compressed
aisnegative
pressure.
Is the space
the vocal folds
when
open,is
important
in
These
are
produced
by
the
changing
shape
o between
n
causing
airpressure
to be pushed
out. The
inspiratory
3. The
at the glotis
continues
to
both te production of glottal sounds
and
for
differentiating
created
muscle
movement
and varying
cycle
hasby as
three
phases:
ventilation,
incrase
the folds
close from
negative
tension of the membranes in the cavities.

Processes

Is the process of modifying the

air
stream
by
the
articulators.Plosives, fricatives,
nasals,
affricates,
and
approximants are the result of
the manner of articulation.
Understanding the concept of
velopharyngeal closure is basic
to the production of speech
sounds.

Yulibeth Garca Paz

Licenciatura en Enseanza del Ingls
1160483