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NOxScrubbingTechnologyBreakthrough:ProductsFinishing

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NOxScrubbingTechnologyBreakthrough
Article:ExternalFrom:ProductsFinishing,
Postedon:1/24/2014

19

Thispaperpresentsresearchfindingsandpracticalresultsthataddress
thetreatmentoftheproblematicgreenhousegasesnitrogenoxides(NOx)
andsulfurdioxide(SO2).
ByRobertRichardson,Ph.D.,KnowNOxLLC
ABSTRACT
Thispaperpresentsresearchfindingsandpracticalresults
thataddressthetreatmentofproblematicgreenhouse
gases:nitrogenoxides(NOx)andsulfurdioxide(SO2).
Thenewlydevelopedprocessdescribedhereeffectively
treatsbothnitricoxide(NO)andnitrogendioxide(NO2)in
awaythatisfasterandmoreeffectivethanotheravailable
technologies.Thisprocessalsosimultaneouslyoxidizes
SO2.
AprintablePDFversionofthispaperisavailablebyclickingHERE.
Keywords:Greenhousegases,airscrubbingtechnology,nitrogenoxides,sulfuroxides
Introduction
Aninnovativeproprietaryprocess,usingadifferent
applicationforchlorinedioxidethanhasbeenpreviously
usedinNOxandSO2scrubbing,hasbeendevelopedand
isnowonthemarket.Thisprocessisinnovativebecause
itutilizeschlorinedioxide(ClO2)inatruegasphase
reactionratherthanawaterbasedreactionthatoccursin
awetscrubbingprocess.Gasphasechemistryismuchfasterthanwetscrubbing
becauseitovercomesthewetscrubbingchallengeofgettinginsolublenitricoxide(NO)
intosolution.Theadvantageofusingthegasphasereactionmakestheequipmentless
expensivetoinstallandoperatethancurrentlyavailableindustrialtechnologiesforNOx
treatment.Whenthisgasphasetechnologyiscombinedwithconventionalmistorwet
scrubbingtheoperatingcostsareevenlower.
Thenewpatentpendingscrubbingprocessdescribedhereisprovingtobetheoptimum
solutionforambienttemperaturewastegasstreamscontainingNO,NO2andSO2,
becauseithasthefollowingattributes:
Veryfastreactiontime.Thistechnologyallowssmallerequipmentsizeand
tunableremovalefficiency.Onecancosteffectivelytunetheremovalefficiency
fromgreaterthan99%tojustaboveregulatorycompliance.
Veryscalable.Theprocesscanbeappliedtocontaminatedairfromasingle
pointsourceortocontaminatedairforanentirefacility.
TheprocesstreatsbothNOxandSO2withoutadditionalequipment.
Thetechnologyintegrateswellwithotherscrubber/abatementtechnology,
includingretrofitandupgradeapplications.
Althoughthisprocesshasbroadtechnicalapplicationsforanumberofotherprocesses,
itoffersaprofoundandimmediateimprovementinthetreatmentofindustriallycreated
NOxladenexhaustgas.Theprocessisidealforexhaustgastreatmentfromfacilities
thatprovidechemicalmilling,brightening,picklingofmetalsandotherchemical
processesthatinvolvenitricacid.
TherearemanywaystotreatNOx,asshowninTable1.Eachhasadvantagesand
limitations.Thispaperwillcompareandcontrastthesetechnologiesfromthe
perspectiveofapplicabilitytothechemicalmillingindustry.
Table1NOxTreatmentOptions

Advantages

Disadvantages

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Selective
catalytic
reduction
(SCR)

Wetscrubbing
Absorptioninto
wateratvarious
pHvalues
Adsorptiononto
carbon,etc.

KnowNOx
proprietary
process

Highequipmentcost
Catalystpoisoningrequires
pretreatmentforSO2,metals,etc.
Lowoperatingcost
Highoperatingtemperaturerequires
preheatingforlowtemperatureNOx
sources
Createsparticulates
Largemultistagescrubbers
Manyvariationsavailable Createslargeamountsofliquid
waste
OnlyappliestoNO2
Highwaterusage

Lowequipmentcost

Lowequipmentcost
Highoperatingcostforotherthan
Usefulforlowairvolume/
lowairflow/lowNOxlevels
lowNOxlevels
Rapidreaction=small
equipmentsize
Highremovalefficiency
Flexibleapplication
Limitedby140Fgastemperature
options
unlesscombinedwithgas
Simultaneouslytreats
temperatureconditioner
SO2
Notpoisonedbymetals
orotherchemicalsinthe
gasstream

Brieforientationonchlorinedioxide(ClO2)
Chlorinedioxideisanoftenmisunderstoodmoleculewiththreedifferentsetsof
chemicalcharacteristics.Theliterature,includingpatents,isfrequentlynotclearabout
whichformofthismoleculeisusedinaspecificapplication.
Table2identifiesthethreetypesofClO2.Theyallhavethesamenumberandtypesof
atoms.Theonlydifferenceisthechargeorlackofcharge.Forclarity,becauseallthree
formsofClO2havebeencalledchlorinedioxideintheliteratureandbecausethe
distinctionsbetweentheformsofthismoleculeareimportantinNOxscrubbing,this
paperwillidentifythemoleculartypesasshownintherightcolumninTable2.
Table2ClO2Types
PreferredIUPAC Ionic
Name
charge
Chlorinedioxide
0
Chlorite
1
Chloryl
+1

Conventional
formula
ClO2
ClO2
ClO2+

Formulausedin
thispaper
(ClO2)0
(ClO2)
(ClO2)+

Thechemicaldifferencesbetweenthethreetypesaredramatic.Truechlorinedioxide,
(ClO2)0,isdramaticallymoreeffectiveatremovingNOxandSO2thanischlorite,
(ClO2).Thedifferenceisduetothefactthat(ClO2)0isagasandtreatsNOxinthegas
phaseand(ClO2)isionicandtreatsNOxinwater.ThisisimportantbecauseNOxis
primarilycomposedofNOandNO2,andNOisnotverysolubleinwater.
The(ClO2)iononlyexistsinwaterandtheNOmoleculehasverylowsolubilityinwater,
soitisdifficulttogetthemtogether.Thatiswhyfordecades,wetscrubbersforNOx/NO
abatementhaveinvolvedverylargemultistageequipment.
The(ClO2)0andNOxmoleculesaregasesandtheyreacttogethereffortlesslyina
gaseousenvironment.Therefore,thedestructionofNOxisrapidandcanbedonein
ductingwithouttheneedforbigscrubbers.
Processchemistry
Fordecades,thewetscrubbingofNOxwasdonebyaddingsodiumchlorite(NaClO2)to
thescrubberwater.Whensodiumchloriteisaddedtowater,itcreatestwoions:(ClO2)
andNa+asshowninthereaction:
NaClO2+H2ONa++(ClO2)(1)
The(ClO2)isutilizedinthefirstofathreestagewetscrubberasdescribedbelow.
TypicalthreestageNOxwetscrubbing
Anyofseveralcompoundssuchas(ClO2),O3orH2O2reactswithNOtoformNO2in
thefirstofthreeormorescrubbingstages.Inthesecondstage,theNO2isreactedwith
sodiumhydrosulfide(NaHS)orothercompoundsplussodiumhydroxide(NaOH).This
iseffectivebutcreatesH2Sgas,anodorousandtoxiccompoundthatsmellslikerotten
eggs.Inthethirdstage,thehydrogensulfide(H2S)generatedinthesecondstageis
removedbyscrubbingusingNaOHandsodiumhypochlorite(NaOCl).Ournovelgas
phaseprocessovercomestheinsolubilityproblemassociatedwithnitricoxide(NO)and
doesnotusechemicalsthatgenerateodorousH2Ssothereisnoneedforallofthe
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equipmentassociatedwithathreeormorestagescrubbingsystem.Thisnovelsystem
canbedoneinductingaloneorinductingplusasinglestagemistscrubberorsingle
stagecountercurrentwetscrubber.TheoptionsareexplainedinTables3aand3b
below.
Proprietarygas/mistNOxscrubbing
OursinglestageNOxandSO2scrubbingcombineseasilywithothertechnologiesto
optimizeperformanceandcost.Theprocessisveryversatile.
Thecoreofthetechnologyisdescribedasfollows:
5NO+2(ClO2)0+H2O5NO2+2HCl(2)
(ClO2)0+NO2+3H2O5HNO3+HCl(3)
Notethatonlythreemoleculesof(ClO2)0areusedtotreatfivemoleculesofNOx.
DeshwalandLee1studiedtheaboveequationsinbenchscaleworkthatutilizedaliquid
reactionchamber.HisworksuccinctlyreportsthemasstransferintheabsorptionofSO2
andNOxusingaqueous(ClO2)andCl.Richardson2expandedupontheDeshwal/Lee
workbydevelopingandprovisionallypatentingamethodologytoutilizetheequationsin
gasphasereactions.
DeshwalandLee1alsoreportthesimultaneousremovalofSO2andNO(500and350
ppmrespectively)at45CandpH3.5.TheSO2ismorereactiveandsolubleandthusit
wasoxidizedfirst.ThesurplusoxidantmixthenoxidizedtheNOtoNO2.TheNO2
absorptionefficiencyincreasedwithincreasingoxidantfeedrate.Theprocessprovided
consistentandreproducibleSO2andNOxabsorptionefficienciesofaround100%and
72%respectivelyatanoxidantfeedrateof3.045mmole/min.
Richardson2improvedtheremovalefficiencyofNOxbyreactinginthegasphaserather
thantheliquidphaseusedbyDeshwalandLee.Thephasechangeeliminatedtherate
ofreactionlimitationsassociatedwiththelimitedsolubilityofnitricoxide.
InRichardsonswork,bothreactionsoccurinasinglegasormistscrubbingstage.The
processcanreach98+%removalefficienciesforNOxinlessthan1.5sec.The
(ClO2)0isgeneratedseparatelyandintroducedasagasormistintotheindustrialwaste
gascontaminatedwithNOx/SO2.Thereactionissufficientlyrapidthatitrequiresno
reactionvessel.Itcanbedoneinspecializedductingat2,500ft./min.
Thisreactionspeedisanimportantpointbecauseitdramaticallyreducesthecostof
scrubbingequipmentandopensupnewoptionsforscrubberequipmentplacement.The
specializedductingusedforourgasphasescrubbingtechnologycanbeplacedalmost
anywherebecauseitworksinanyorientation:verticalup,verticaldownorhorizontal.
TheprocessisprobablytheonlyNOx/SO2abatementprocessthatdoesnotneeda
largereactionvesselorseriesofvesselsthatusesupvaluablespace.
Thepuregasreactionsarefasterthanthemistreactions,butbothareveryfastwhen
comparedtoliquidscrubbing.Althoughthemistreactionisslightlyslower,ithas
advantagesinmanyapplications.
Ourtechnologyispackagedwithothertechnologiestooptimizetheremovalefficiency,
equipmentcostandoperatingcosts.TheoptionsaredescribedinTable3(aandb).
Table3(a)Gas/Mist/WetNOx/SO2RemovalTechnologyTreatmentOptions
Wastegas
Temperature Process
Notes
NOx(NO/NO2)andambientCO2
<140F A/BorjustA
1
NOx(NO/NO2)andhighCO2
<140F A
2
NOxwithhighSO2contentandambientCO2
<140F D/E,AandB
3
NOxwithhighSO2contentandhighCO2
<140F D/EandA

NOxwithlowSO2contentandambientCO2
<140F AandB

NOxwithlowSO2contentandhighCO2
<140F A

NOx,particulateandambientCO2
<140F H,AandB
4
NOx,particulateandhighCO2
<140F HandA

NOx/SO2),particulateandambientCO2
<140F H/D,AandB
NOx/SO2),particulateandhighCO2
<140F H/DandA

NOx(NO/NO2)andambientCO2
>140F F/G,AandB
5
NOx(NO/NO2)andhighCO2
>140F F/GandA

NOxwithhighSO2contentandambientCO2
>140F F/D,AandB
NOxwithhighSO2contentandhighCO2
>140F F/DandA

NOxwithlowSO2contentandambientCO2
>140F F,AandB

NOxwithlowSO2contentandhighCO2
>140F FandA

NOx,particulateandambientCO2
>140F F,AandB

NOx,particulateandhighCO2
>140F FandA

NOx/SO2),particulateandambientCO2
>140F F,AandB

NOx/SO2),particulateandhighCO2
>140F FandA

Notes:
1.TheAprocesswillworkjustfinebuttheoperatingcostisreducedwhentheB
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secondstageisaddedbecausetheBstagetreatspartoftheNOxwithlessexpensive
chemicals.
2.OnlytheAprocessisusedwhenhighCO2concentrationsarepresentinthewaste
gasiftheBsecondstagewereusedtherewouldbeexcessiveNaOHconsumption
duetothehighCO2concentrationinthewastegas.
3.TheAprocesseffectivelytreatsSO2anditisidealwhentherearelowSO2
concentrationsinthewastegas,butitisnotaneconomicalprocessformediumorhigh
SO2concentrations.
4.Spraytowersrelyprimarilyonparticlecollectionbyimpaction.Therefore,theyhave
highcollectionefficienciesforcoarsePM.Typicalremovalefficienciesforaspraytower
canbeasgreatas90%forparticleslargerthan5m.Removalefficienciesforparticles
from3to5mindiameterrangefrom60to80%.Below3m,removalefficiencies
declinetolessthan50%(MussattiandHemmer3).
5.Evaporativecoolingisapplicableforcoolinguptobutnotexceedingthedewpoint.
TheAprocessrequireswatersohighmoistureinthewastegasisanadvantageupto
thepointwherecondensationadverselyinfluencesthegas/mistchemistry.
Table3(b)KeytotheTable3(a)ProcessSequence
KeyTreatment
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

Description
Gas/MistKnowNOxsinglestagereactioninspecializedducting.
NOx/SO2
EffectivelytreatsNOxinconcentrationsfrom10ppmto60,000
ppm.
2ndstageKnowNOxmistreactionusingNaOHandaproprietary
NOx(NO/NO2)
oxidizer.(MustfollowAabove.)
2ndstageKnowNOxpackedbedwetscrubberusingNaOHand
NOx(NO/NO2)
aproprietaryoxidizer.(MustfollowAabove.)
MisttypereactionchamberwithNaOH.CanbecombinedwithF
SO2
andHinsamevessel.
ConventionalSO2treatmentlikelime,NaOHwetscrubbingand
SO2(high)
others.
Mistcoolingwherehumidityisambientorless.Canbecombined
Temp>140F
withDandHinthesamevessel.
Heatexchangerwhereheatisneededforotherprocessesor
Temp>140F
humidityishigh.
Mistwithcondensationanddemisterdevice.Canbecombined
Particulate
withDandFinsamevessel.

AlthoughtheNOxreactioncanbedoneinasinglegasphaseasdescribedinEquations
2and3,theuseofgasphaseEquation2combinedwithasecondstagemistscrubber
orwetscrubberreactiondescribedinEquation4providesloweroperatingcosts.
OperatingcostsareanimportantconsiderationintheselectionofaNOxabatement
process.Werecognizethisandhavedevelopedacosteffectivesecondstagescrubbing
processthatutilizeslessexpensivealkalinechemicalsandoxidantstotreatpartofthe
NOx.Thissecondstageisdependentontheproprietaryfirststagereaction(ItemAin
Table3(b))toequalizetheratioofNOandNO2inthewastegasstream.
Thesecondstagetechnology(ItemsB&CinTable3(b))fundamentallyutilizesthe
stoichiometryshowninEquation4below.
2NaOH+NO2+NO2NaNO2+H2O(4)
Thisreactionisdramaticallyenhancedbytheadditionofoneofseveraloxidantsand
onlyappliestoNOxmixeswithequalquantitiesofNOandNO2,asfoundbyKuropka.4
BenchscaleresearchbyKuropka4determinedthatthereactionrateandefficiencyof
thereactioninEquation4isdramaticallyinfluencedbythepresenceoflessthan
stoichiometricconcentrationsofdifferentoxidants.Itwasalsofoundthatdifferentbasic
compoundshavevaryingratesofNOxadsorption.Thisresearchwasselectively
confirmedinbothpilotandpartialfullscaleapplicationsbyRichardson.2Inadditionto
confirmingtheworkbyKuropka,Richardsonsworkdevelopednewwaystoeffectively
createtherequisitebalanceoftheNO/NO2inthewastegasstreamthroughpatent
pendinggas/mistphasereactionsbetween(ClO2)0andNOx.Richardsonsworkstudied
theapplicationsforthereactioninEquation4withvaryingoxidants,gasvelocitiesand
spraydensitiesinbothmistscrubberandpackedbedscrubberapplications.
Kuropkasresearchissupportedbyearlierwork.StudiesontheabsorptionofNOxby
alkalinesolutionsweremadebyAtroscenko5andlaterconfirmedbyGlowinski,etal.6It
wasfoundthatdifferentalkalinesolutionshavevaryingratesofNOxadsorption.
Kuropkasresearch7,8establishedasequenceofactivitiesofalkalinesolutionsusedfor
theabsorptionofNOx.
KOH>NaOH>NH4OH>Na2CO3>K2CO3>(NH4)2CO3(5)
Kuropkasresearchwhichwasbasedonafoundationofpreviouswork,alsofocusedon
improvingthelevelofoxidationofNOxbyabsorptionandsimultaneousoxidationof
NOxwithcompoundsthateasilyreleaseoxygenintheliquidphase,suchassodium
hypochlorite(NaOCl),7,8sodiumchlorite(NaClO2),9,10calciumhypochlorite
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(Ca(OCl2),11potassiumpermanganate(KMnO4),potassiumdichromate(K2Cr2O7)7,8,10
andhydrogenperoxide(H2O2).7,8,12
KuropkasbenchscaleresearchfocusedontheadsorptionofNOxbyNaOHwith
varyingconcentrationsofoxidantsbetween1and10wt%oftheNaOH,andoxidants
spraydensitybetween5and40m3/m2hrwithgasvelocitiesbetween0.1and1m/sec.
TheconclusionisthattheadsorptionofNOxvariesbetween95%and75%.Thebest
resultswereattheslowergasvelocitiesandhigherspraydensities.
ThedifferentoxidantsalsoinfluencedtheNOxadsorptionefficiencyasshown:
H2O2>NaOCl>KMnO4(6)
TheresearchaddressedtoperfectingtheNOxadsorptionaccordingtothereactionin
Equation4withlessthanstoichiometricconcentrationsofoxidantsisonlyusefulfor
scrubbingNOxinwastegaswithambientlevelsofCO2.Wastegaswithelevatedlevels
ofCO2willutilizelargequantitiesofNaOHorotheralkalinematerialinreactionswith
theCO2.
Thesecondstagetechnology(ItemsBandCinTable3(b))canbedoneinmist
phaseorwetscrubber.Thisoptionprovidesanadvantageinretrofitapplicationsthat
alreadyhaveawetscrubber.Inmanycasesthefirststagereactioncanbedonein
modifiedductingthatleadstotheexistingwetscrubber.Themisttypesecondstage
produceslessliquidwastethanawetscrubberandthatisanadvantageinsome
locationswhereliquidwastedisposalisaproblem.
ThepuregasreactionsdescribedinEquations2and3arefasterthanthemist
reactionsdescribedinEquation4,butbothareveryfastwhencomparedtoliquid
scrubbingusingEquation4.
InindustrialwastegaswithambientlevelsofCO2,theuseofthissecondstage
technologyreactionbasedonthereactioninEquation4cansavemorethanhalfthe
costoftreatingtheNOxwithonlythefirststagereaction(ItemAinTable3(b))
becauseNaOHisconsiderablylessexpensivethanthesodiumchlorite(NaClO2)or
sodiumchlorate(NaClO3)usedtomake(ClO2)OrequiredforthefirststageNOx
scrubbingmethodology(ItemAinTable3(b)).
Tunableremovalefficiencyisanotheradvantageofourinnovativetechnology.Itis
availablebecause,whenusingourmethodology,Equations2and3areveryfast.
Removalefficiencyisdirectlyrelatedtotheamountoftimeavailableforareaction
(reactionresidencetime)andrateofthereaction.Thefasterthereaction,themore
completetheoxidationwillbeinagivenreactionresidencetime.Inconventional
applications,thereareeconomiclimitationsimposedbyvesselsizeandnumberof
scrubbingstages.ThesedirectlyimpactmaximumNOxremovalefficiency.Conventional
NOxscrubbingprocesses,bothwetchemistryandselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR),
requiremultiplescrubbingstagestoreachhighNOxremovalefficiency.Wetscrubbing
reactionsaresoslowthattheyrequirelargescrubbingvesselstoreacheven80%
oxidationNOx.Thespeedofourfirststageprocess(ItemAinTable3(b))eliminates
economicconstraintsassociatedwithhighNOxremovalefficiency.Areactionvessel
canbebuiltthathasthereactionresidencetimerequiredfor98+%NOxremoval
efficiencyandthendetunedtoprovideonlythecurrentlyrequiredremovalefficiency.If
andwhenadditionalremovalefficiencyisdesiredorrequired,thesameequipmentcan
beretunedtomeetthatnewrequirement.Theclientcanreduceoperatingcostsbyonly
generatingenough(ClO2)Otomeetcurrentrequirements.
Ournewtechnologyisveryscalableandresponsive.Mostabatementtechnologiesare
designedtobecontinuouslyoperatedatessentiallythesameremovalpotentialatall
timesirrespectiveofvariabilityintherateofNOx/SO2production.Ourgas/mist
technologyisnotlimitedtoalwaysonoperation.Wetscrubbersrecirculateorspraya
liquidintoareactionchamber(s).Packedbedscrubbersrecirculatealiquidovera
packingbed(s)thatisstoredinasump.Oxidantsareaddedtotherecirculatedliquid
andtheadditionrateiscontrolledbysensorssuchasforoxidationreductionpotential
(ORP)andpH.Thecontrolsystemforwetscrubbersisdesignedtomaintainaconstant
levelofoxidantsintherecirculatedliquid.Thismethodologyisnotresponsivetoabrupt
changesinNOx/SO2loadingintheindustrialwastegasandutilizesoxidantsevenwhen
NOxisnotpresentinthewastegasstream.Mist/gasphasetypescrubbersandSCR
scrubberscanberesponsivetochangesintheNOxconcentrationofindustrialwaste
gasbecausesensorsadjusttherateofoxidantsandotherchemicalsaddedtothe
wastegasstreaminresponsetorealtimeconcentrationsofNOxinthewastegas.Our
newtechnologyhasafurtheradvantageovertheSCRbecauseitdoesnothavea
catalystthatcanbecontaminatedorpoisonedbymetalsorotherchemicalsinthe
industrialwastegasstream.
Conclusion
ThepresentstudyreportsonbreakthroughsinthetreatmentofNOxinindustrialwaste
gaswhenscrubbedwith(ClO2)Oinagas/mistphasereaction.Thisworkexpandsupon
workdonebyDeshwalandothersdoneinliquidphase.Thegas/mistphasereaction
environmentproducesNOxremovalefficienciesabove90%inlessthan1.5sec.
References
1.B.DeshwalandH.Lee,MassTransferintheAbsorptionofSO2andNOxusing
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AqueousEuchlorineScrubbingSolution,J.Env.Sciences,21,155(2009)
jesc.ac.cn/jesc_en/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=2009210204.
2.R.Richardson,PreliminaryUtilityPatentNotes(2012).
3.D.MussattiandP.Hemmer,WetScrubbersParticulateMatter,U.S.EPA,
Washington,DC,2002.
4.J.Kuropka,RemovalofNitrogenOxidesfromFlueGasesinaPackedColumn,Env.
ProtectionEng.,37(1),13(2011)http://epe.pwr.wroc.pl/2011/1_2011/02kuropka.pdf.
5.V.A.AtroscenkoandS.J.Kargin,TechnologyofNitricAcid,Izd.Goschimizdat,
Moskva,1962.
6.J.Glowinski,etal.,Chem.Proc.Eng.,29(7),1492(2009).
7.J.Europka,PurificationofWasteGasesfromNitrogenOxides,PraceNauk,Inst.Inz.
Ochr.SrodNo.62,Ser.MonografieNo.30,Wrochaw,1988(Polish).
8.J.EuropkaandM.A.Gostomczyk,Environ.Prot.Eng.,16(1),85(1990).
9.E.Sada,etal.,Chem.Eng.Sci.,33,315(1978).
10.H.Chu,T.ChienandB.Twu,Water,Air,SoilPollution,143,337(2003).
11.I.Furuta,NitrogenOxideRemovalfromWasteGasbyScrubbingwithCalciumand
MagnesiumHypochlorite,JapanesePatentNo.36372(1975).
12.V.Dimov,Inf.Zasc.Atm.,1984(1),114(1984)(Czech).
Dr.RobertRichardsonrecentlycelebratedhis25thyearin
environmentalairqualityproblemsolvingaspresidentofPacific
RimDesign&Development(PRDD).Astrongproponentof
processdevelopmentandappliedresearchresultedinthe
developmentofeightpatentsforprocesschemistryand
technologicalinnovationsforairqualitycontrolequipment.Dr.
Richardsonhasareputationasaleadingproblemsolvingexpert
forindustryandgovernmentwhenconventionalairquality
solutionsdontwork.InadditiontohisdutiesatPRDD,Dr.Richardsonformed
KnowNOxLLCin2011asthevehicleforthedeploymentofaninnovative
technologyhedevelopedthatprovidesessentially100%NOxabatementina
costeffectiveandgreenway.RoberthasB.S.,M.S.andPh.D.degreesin
chemistrywithadditionaltraininginbusiness,engineeringandconstruction.
Robertproudlyholdsageneralcontractorslicensewhichallowshimtomanage
ordelivercompleteabatementsolutionswhenrequired.

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