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Arnis, also known as Eskrima and Kali, is the national sport and martial art of
the Philippines. The three are roughly interchangeable umbrella terms for the
traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts," or FMA) that
emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons and various
improvised weapons. It is also known as Estoque (Spanish for rapier), Estocada
(Spanish for thrust or stab) and Garrote (Spanish for club). In Luzon they may go by
the name of Arnis de Mano.
The indigenous martial art that the Spanish encountered in 1610 was not yet
called "arnis" at that time. During those times, this martial art was known as
Paccalicali-t to the Ibanags,[2] Didya (later changed to Kabaroan) to the Ilocanos,
Sitbatan or Kalirongan to Pangasinenses, Sinawali to the Kapampangans ("to weave"),
Calis or Pananandata (use of weapons) to the Tagalogs, Pagaradman to the Ilonggos and
Kaliradman to the Cebuanos. Kuntaw and Silat are separate martial arts that are also
practiced in the Philippine Archipelgo. Arnis also includes hand-to-hand combat, joint
locks, grappling and weapon disarming techniques. Although in general, emphasis is put
on weapons for these arts, some systems put empty hands as the primary focus and
some old school systems do not teach weapons at all.
Fault or fault plane = the surface where when two blocks of the earth suddenly
slip past one another
Hypocenter = the location below the earths surface where the earthquake starts
Epicenter = the location on the surface of the earth directly above the
hypocenter