STSKR 2016 Book of Abstract

BOOK OF
ABSTRACTS
International Seminar on Chemical Engineering
in conjunction with
Seminar Teknik Kimia Soehadi Reksowardojo
(STKSR) 2016
Sustainable Food, Energy, and

Water
ISSN: 2353-5917
27-28 October 2016
West and East Hall
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung INDONESIA
Organized by
Department of Chemical Engineering
Faculty of Industrial Technology

in conjunction with Seminar Teknik Kimia Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2016
October 27th-28th 2016, Bandung Indonesia
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Koichi Fujie. Yokohama National University, Japan
Prof. H. J. Heeres. University of Groningen, the Netherlands
Prof. Norikazu Nishiyama. Osaka University, Japan
Prof. Johan Sanders. Wageningen University, the Netherlands
Prof. Hamdani Saidi. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Prof. Tjandra Setiadi. Intitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Assoc. Prof. Yen-Peng Ting. National University of Singapore, Singapore
STEERING COMMITTEE
Prof. Herri Susanto. Institut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. Yazid Bindar. Institut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. Tjandra Setiadi. Insitut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. I. G. Wenten. Insitut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. Dr. Johner Sitompul. Insitut Teknologi Bandung
Assoc. Prof. Irwan Noezar. Institut Teknologi Bandung
Assoc. Prof. Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja. Institut Teknologi Bandung
Assoc. Prof. Soebagjo. Institut Teknologi Bandung
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairman: Prof. Tjandra Setiadi, Ph.D.
Ardiyan Harimawan, Ph.D.
Hary Devianto, Ph.D.
M.T. A. P. Kresnowati, Ph.D.
Dr. Eng. Jenny Rizkiana
Dianika Lestari, Ph.D.
Meiti Pratiwi, ST., MT.
Daniel Pramudita, STP., MSc.
Zulhaj Rizki, ST., MSc.
Try Hutomo Abednego
Catharine Bella
Devina Regina
Anthony Gunawan
Sheryn Julianti
Wenda Brata Naibaho
Judan Syamsul Hadad
Arry Khaminov Rizky
Faisal Anggi Rangkuti
Ryzka Pranata
Vincentius Ferry
Judistira
ii

MESSAGE
First of all, deep gratitude is dedicated to Allah the
Almighty which gives His blessing to the Chemical
Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung which this
year evenly becomes 75 years old. The journey of 75
years for Chemical Engineering ITB as the oldest
Chemical Engineering program in Indonesia and one
of the oldest program in ITB is a long journey with
all the hurdles which creates the Chemical
Engineering ITB becomes a reputable program.
We gladly overcome the presence of 75 Tahun
Teknik Kimia untuk Indonesia book, as a track
record of the contributions of Chemical Engineering
ITB and its alumni in advancing Indonesian society. The family of Chemical
Engineering ITB and its alumni have been proven to be able to build a strong
connectivity among the higher education, Science and technology development, and
industrial escalation especially in chemical industry. Therefore, the contribution of
Chemical Engineering ITB is unquestionably substantial in shoving the objective of
Indonesian society to achieve food independency and energy sovereignty. It is highly
expected that this book can pass those ideas to the society, especially the young
generation which will advance the development of Chemical industry in Indonesia.
We would like to congratulate anew this 75th year Commemoration of Chemical
Engineering Higher Education in Indonesia. We hope that the family of Chemical
Engineering ITB can be continuously actively contribute in generating intellectual
works which are affluent in advantages, as a contribution to the Indonesian society.
Especially for the alumni of Chemical Engineering ITB, we hope that can keep the
good relation with the alma mater, also to keep working, accomplishing, and being
the energy for ITB to keep carrying on the credence of the higher education.
Bandung, October 2016
Prof.Dr.Ir. Kadarsah Suryadi, DEA.

Rector of Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
iii

MESSAGE
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Warm Greetings for us all
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Chemical Engineering program in ITB cooperates
with Chemical Engineering ITB alumni foundation
and the alumni themselves are conducting series of
events which consist of the Education Seminar about
Chemical Engineering dedicated to High School
teachers and students, especially for Science
program, on October 26th 2016 and the International
Seminar on Chemical Engineering in Conjunction
with Seminar Teknik Kimia Soehadi Reksowardojo
2016 on 27-28 October 2016.
The seminar this year is focusing on the topic of Energy, Food and Water. Those three
topics were chosen in relation to the scarcity of these three aspects which are starting
to give impacts and need a special attention. The chemical engineering bachelors can
be involved much in those three sectors, and so the academia, practitioneers and the
government in order to harness this moment to share knowledge for the sake of
advancement of Republik Indonesia.
For the participants who are actively involved and the invited speakers, the sponsors
and Institut Teknologi Bandung who already gave us permission to utilize the
facilities, we express our deep gratitude.
Hopefully this seminar can give benefits for us all.
Wassalam
Dr.Ir. Irwan Noezar, MS

Chairman of 75th Year of Chemical Engineering Education in Indonesia
iv

MESSAGE
Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the
International Seminar on Chemical Engineering, I am
honorable to welcome you all to Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia. This year, Department
of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung
is celebrating the 75th year of Chemical Engineering
Education in Indonesia. One of the main events is
holding this Seminar in conjunction with Seminar
Teknik Kimia - Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2016
with the topic of Sustainable Energy, Food and Water. Globally and at national level
as well, we are aware of the challenges to meet the needs of energy, food and water
for all in sustainable ways.
Those topics will be addressed by leading engineers/scientists from 9 countries, either
in plenary lectures or parallel sessions. In each session, an invited speaker will address
a certain topic with a depth insight and ample of time to discuss the issue with the
participants, hopefully they will learn more from an expert in the field.
We have also prepared several social functions, so that delegates may meet one
another and experience the Indonesian culture with Bandung pleasant weather and
warm hospitality. Finally, the committee is most grateful to all sponsors and
ChemEng-ITB Alumni for providing funds. I also thank all International/Technical
Committee members, all the plenary and invited speakers and all oral/poster
presenters for their kind efforts and contributions in making this conference a success.
Thank you
Prof. Tjandra Setiadi, Ph.D.

Chairman of STKSR 2016

vi

vii

GENERAL PROGRAM
Day 1: Thursday, October 27th 2016
PROGRAM
TIME
WEST HALL
07.30 08.00
EAST HALL
Registration
Opening Ceremony of
Commemoration of 75 Years
Higher Education of Chemical
Engineering in Indonesia
08.00 09.05
Safety Induction: Dr.

Hary Devianto
Report
presentation
from
Programme
Advisor: Assoc. Prof.

Irwan Noezar
POKJA Presentation
Referral of POKJA document

09.05 09.15
to Rector of Institut Teknologi

Bandung
Opening and Welcoming
09.15 09.30
Speech by Rector of Institut

Teknologi Bandung: Prof. Dr.
Ir. Kadarsah Suryadi, DEA.
09.30 10.00
Photo session and coffee break

Opening ceremony of STKSR
10.00 10.15
2016:
Prof. Tjandra Setiadi
viii

PROGRAM
TIME
WEST HALL
EAST HALL
Keynote 1:Prof. Koichi Fujie.

Yokohama National
University, Japan.
10.15 10.45
Design and Evaluation of

Biomass Residue Recycle
System for Sustainable Crop
Cultivation based on
Material Flow Analysis
Keynote 2: Prof. Hamdani
Saidi
Universiti Teknologi
10.45 11.15 Malaysia, Malaysia

Renewable Energy
Emerging opportunities for
Chemical Engineers
Keynote 3:
Prof. Johan Sanders
Wageningen University, The
11.15 11.45 Netherlands
Small Scale Biorefineries
for Food and Non Food
Application
11.45 12.15
12.15 13.30
Flash Poster Presentation

LUNCH BREAK
ix

PROGRAM
TIME
WEST HALL
EAST HALL
PARALLEL I: 1st SESSION

ROOM 1
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
13.30 13.50
E06*
F03
W11*
O12*
13.50 14.05
E01
F05
W10
O01
14.05 14.20
E05
F06
W05
O02
14.20 14.35
E07
F16
W08
O05
14.35 14.50
E20
W03
O07
15.00 15.30
Coffee Break
PARALLEL I: 2nd SESSION
ROOM 1
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
15.30 15.50
E03*
F29
E43*
W13*
15.50 16.05
E08
F08
E31
O10
16.05 16.20
E10
F10
E34
O11
16.20 16.35
E11
F13
E38
O13
16.35 16.50
E14
F14
E39
19.00 21.00
GALA DINNER

Day 2 : Friday, October 28th 2016

PROGRAM
TIME
WEST HALL
EAST HALL
PARALEL II: 1ST SESSION
POSTER DISPLAY SESSION
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
08.30 08.50
F01
F02
F04
F20
W12*
E35*
08.50 09.05
F09
F11
F12
F21
W01
E16
09.05 09.20
F15
F18
F23
F22
W02
E22
09.20 09.35
F24
E04
E09
F17
E26
09.35 09.50
E13
E15
E17
F19
E12
10.00 10.15
Coffee Break
PARALEL II: 2ND SESSION
POSTER DISPLAY SESSION
ROOM
ROOM
ROOM
F26
E02*
E44*
10.15 10.35
E19
E21
E23
E24
10.35 10.50
E25
E32
E33
E36
F25
E40
E27
10.50 11.05
E37
W04 W06 W07
F30
E18
E28
O04
F07
E46
E30
11.05 11.20 O03
O06
O09
O08
11.20 13.30
LUNCH BREAK
Keynote 4:
Prof. Sebastien Rauch
13.30 14.00
Chalmers University, Sweden

Wastewater Still one of the
most important engineering
challenges
xi

PROGRAM
TIME
WEST HALL
EAST HALL
Keynote 5: Assoc. Prof.

Subagjo
14.00 14.30
Institut Teknologi Bandung,

Indonesia
Catalysts for Liquid Biofuel
Production
Keynote 6: Prof. H.J. (Erik)
Heeres
University of Groningen, the
14.30 15.00 Netherlands

Biorefineries: from biomass
to green energy,biofuels and
biobased chemicals.
Studium Generale by
Indonesian Minister of
National Development
15.00 16.00
Planning:
Prof. Bambang Permadi
Soemantri Brodjonegoro
Closing remarks
Award announcement: best
16.00 16.30
presenter, best paper, best

poster, and young scientist
award
16.30 17.00
Coffee Break
xii

TECHNICAL PAPERS ORAL PRESENTATION

CATEGORY: FOOD
Code
Author
Title
Page
F03
Khairul Hadi, M.T.A.P.

Kresnowati, and Tjandra
Setiadi
Evaluation of Simultaneous
Saccharification and Fermentation of
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for
Xylitol Production
10
F05
Rety Setyawaty, Satoshi

Tanabe, and Takahumi
Naganuma
The potentiality of elot as raw material

for lipid (triacylglycerols/triglycerides)
production
11
Phase Transformation of Solid

Biomass Pretreated by Ionic Solution
Into Liquid Sugar
12
Comparison of Modified Chitosan and

Chlorine as Antibacterial Agent for
Tilapia Fillet Preservation
13
Production and properties of spray

dried green banana powder
14
Optimizing food production through

biorefinery of proteins
15
Optimization of Demineralization
Stages on Chitosan Extraction from
Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Shells
16
Microwave-assisted Extraction of
Roselle Seed: The Effects of Duration
and Power With and Without
Temperature Control
18
F06
F07
F08
F10
F13
F14
Hanny F. Sangian,
Richard Telleng, Irfan
Aruan, Rianita Sasue,
Juana Paluyo, Jeafert R.
Pangau, Handy I. Mosey
and Gerald H.
Tamuntuan
Prihati Sih Nugraheni,
Amalia Itswari Putri,
Arum Nur Hidayah,
Yuni Kusumastuti and
Wiratni
Dianika Lestari,
Tjokorde Walmiki
Samadhi, Camelia Evi
Salamah, Sabrina Rizqi
Aulia
Widyarani, Johan P. M.
Sanders, and Marieke E.
Bruins
Dhea Sotyania ,
Wiratni,Prihati Sih
Nugraheni and Yuni
Kusumastuti
N.I. Yusoff and C.P.
Leo
xiii

Code
F16
F17
Author
Berth Phileinta, Wenda
Brata Bastanta Naibaho,
Daniel Pramudita, C.B.
Rasrendra, Johnner
Sitompul
Dianika Lestari, Ronny
Purwadi, Siti Solihah,
Rani Mawaddah, Tatang
Hernas Soerawidjaja
F19
Yuswan Muharam,
Dianursanti and Aditya
Bintang Pramadana
F20
Norhaziyana Hamzah
and Choe Peng Leo
F21
Lienda Aliwarga,
Samuel Zefanya, and
Yohanes Christanto
F22
F25
F26
F27*
F28*
Title
Page
Oil in Brewed Coffee: Effects of

Roasting and Grinding on
Extractability
19
Steam Treatment of Protein Curd to

Improve Texture of Winged Bean Tofu
20
Prediction of the Effect of the Light

Intensity and the Reactor Geometry on
the Microalgae Yield in a Bubblecolumn Photobioreactor
Osmotic Membrane Distillation of
Phenolic Rich Solution Using
Superhydrophobic PVDF/TiO2
Membrane
21
22
Drying Process of Fermented Cassava

Using Novel Method of Convective
Multiple Flash Drying
23
Study of PLA-based Blend and

Nanocomposite Bioplastic for Food
Packaging
24
Development of Drying Process of

Cassava Chips for Fercaf Production
26
Extraction of -Oryzanol from Rice

Bran Oil-Based Biodiesel
27
Johan Sanders
Small Scale Biorefineries for Food and

Non Food Application
Koichi Fujie
Design and Evaluation of Biomass

Residue Recycle System for
Sustainable Crop Cultivation based on
Material Flow Analysis
Tegar Y. Bagaskara,
Johnner P. Sitompul,
Hyung W. Lee, Deni Y.
Permana, Daniel
Pramudita
Lienda Aliwarga, Yazid
Bindar, Susila Hadiyati
and Paul Rizky Mayori
Tangke
Siti Zullaikah, Anantha
Buriyan, and Tyas
Hastya Chandra
xiv

Code
Author
F29
Mubiar Purwasasmita,
Khairul Hadi, Daniel
Pramudita
F30
Mubiar Purwasasmita,
Angga Dwiartama,
Daniel Pramudita
Title
Application of Chemical Engineering
Concepts in Modern Agriculture
Part 1: The Fundamental Design of
Plant Bioreactor
Application of Chemical Engineering
Concepts in Modern Agriculture Part
2: Plant Bioreactor as a Basis for
Integrated Productive Agriculture
Note: * = Keynote Speaker

**=Invited Speaker
xv
Page
28
29

CATEGORY: ENERGY
Author
E01
M. A. Nogo Ole , A.
Tuhuloula , and S.R.
Juliastuti
E02**
Wiratni Budhijanto
E03**
T.M.I. Mahlia
E05
Dian Rahmawati, Ghea

Stellarosari , and Fadlilatul
Taufany
E06**
Norikazu Nishiyama
E07
Godlief F. Neonufa, Meiti

Pratiwi, Tatang H.
Soerawidjaja and Tirto
Prakoso
Thermal catalytic
decarboxylation of Mg-Zn basic
soap to produce drop-in fuels in
diesel boiling ranges.
35
Dody Guntama,
Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo,
and Wiratni Budhijanto
Landfill Leachate Digestion

Using Single Stage Anaerobic
Fluidized Bed Bioreactor with
Natural Zeolite Powder as
Microbial Immobilization
Medium
36
E08
Title
Bioremediation by Bacillus
cereus and Indigenous Bacteria
from Petroleum Contaminated
Soil
Comparison of Fixed Bed and
Fluidized Bed Reactors with
Natural Zeolite/Bentonite as
Microbial Immobilization Media
for Anaerobic Digestion of
Stillage
Technoeconomic and sensitivity
analysis of Reutealis
Trisperma as non-edible
feedstock for future biodiesel
production
Effect of Chemical and Physical
Forces on Hydrophilication
Proces of Mesoporous Carbon as
Economical Solid Desiccant in
Biogas Purification
Selective conversion to aromitics
from various C1-3 feedstocks on
core-shell zeolite composites
Page
Code
xiii
30
31
32
33
34

Author
Title
Page
Dharmawan, R. S.
A Case Study of Propane Subcooling System Optimization to

Prevent Excessive BOG Flaring
during LPG Loading in Bontang
LNG Plant
37
E11
Fanda Kurniawan
Reducing Energy Consumption

and CO2 emission by Wet
Sulfuric Acid Process for
Utilization of Acid Gas
Separated from Senoro Gas Plant
38
E12
A.N. Istyami, T.H.

Soerawidjaja, and T. Prakoso
Effect of Solvents on Lipolytic

Activity of Rice Bran Extract
Powder
39
E14
Yuswan Muharam and

Osman Abhimata Nugraha
Phenomenological Modeling of a
Trickle-bed Reactor for
Production of Renewable Diesel
40
E16
Maria E. I. Shrestha, Junun

Sartohadi, M. Kholid
Ridwan, Dyah R. Hizbaron
Urban Energy Scenario: A Case

Of Kathmandu Valley
41
E18
Ajie, R. Fuad Satrio, Edi,

Hilman Prasetya
Code
E10
E20
E22
Shuichi Ashina, Kei Gomi,

Kengo Aizawa, Minoru
Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kenji
Uchida, Norio Yabeb,
Muhammad Ardiansyah, and
Rizaldi Boer
Yogi Wibisono Budhi, Widi
Suganda, Hans Kristian
Irawan, Pramujo
Widiatmoko, Manabu
Miyamoto, Norikazu
Nishiyama, and Shigeyuki
Uemiya
An Overview: Geothermal Power

Plant Tender Process in
Indonesia
Bridging Research and Action
toward Low Carbon Society:
Preliminary Assessment of
Effectiveness of Social
Monitoring System in Bogor,
Indonesia
Novel Operation Method of
Dynamic Pd/Al2O3 Membrane to
Improve H2 Permeability
Performance
xiv
42
43
44

Code
Author
Title
Page
E26
Vincentius Surya Kurnia

Adia, and Rosalia
Laxmidewi
Volumetric Flexibility Analysis

on Membrane Module Design
and Operability
45
E27
Renanto Handogo, Desy Ayu

Prihandini, and Indriati Dewi
Performance Evaluation of
Reactive Distillation for Ethyl
Acetate Synthesis with PI
Controller by Using Real Time
Optimization
46
E28
N.N.R. Ahmad, S.Y. Nga,

C.P. Leo, A.W. Mohamad
and A.L. Ahmad
Polysulfone/SAPO-44 zeolite
mixed matrix membrane for CO2
gas separation: Effect of silane
modification
47
E30
Nor Aini Ahmad, Leo Choe

Peng, Abdul Latif Ahmad
and Kang Li
The Effects of the Bore Fluid

Concentration and the Pore
Forming Additive on the Hollow
Fiber Structure for Membrane
Gas Absorption
48
E31
Elisabeth Rianawati, and

Enri Damanhuri
Evaluation of Biogas Digester

Application from Kitchen Waste
in Bandung City
49
E34
Dwiwahju Sasongko, Elvi

Restiawaty, Fardhila
Rochman, Martha Gamal
Biosolublization of Indonesian
Lignite Coal using Trichoderma
asperellum
50
E35**
Udin Hasanudin
Siti Zullaikah C50,Asep
Saiful Bihar, and Faridl
Hidayatullah
Meiti Pratiwi*, Wahyuni,
Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja,
and Tirto Prakoso
Waste Treatment and Utilization

in Indonesian Palm Oil Industries
Co-Gasification Of Coal And Oil
Palm Empty Fruit Bunch:
Product Distributions
Pyrolysis of metal soaps from
mixed metals (Mg-Zn-Cu-Fe-Cr)
and candlenut oil
E40
A. Z. Abidin , N.M.N.
Hartasiwi
Designing of Oil Drilling Fluid

Using Polymer AA-AM-AMPS
54
E41*
HJ. Heeres
Biorefineries: from biomass to

green energy, biofuels and
biobased chemicals.
E38
E39
xv
51
52
53

Code
Author
Title
Page
E42*
Hamdani Saidi
Renewable Energy Emerging

opportunities for Chemical
Engineers
Stability Improvement of Solid

Acis Catalysts for the
Conversion of Water-Containing
Feedstocks in Bioenergy and
Chemurgy Research
Carbon Characteristic from
Hydrothermal Processing of
Cellulosic Oil Palm Biomass
E43**
Dr. Oki Muraza
E44**
Reza Hendriansyah, Hary

Devianto, Isdiriayani Nurdin
and Tirto Prakoso**
E45*
Subagjo
Catalysts for Liquid Biofuel

Production
E46
Mitra Eviani and Hary

Devianto
The Effect of Gas Composition

in LNG on the Performance of
Gas Engine
58
Note: * = Keynote Speaker

** = Invited Speaker
xvi
55
57

CATEGORY: WATER
Code
Author
W01
Vivien Fathuroya, Sella U.

H, Harijono, Novita W
W02
Tania Kristanty,
Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo,
Melly Mellyanawaty , and
Wiratni Budhijanto
W03
Nur Nadia Ab Kadir,

Suzylawati Ismail
W05
S. F. Azha, S. Ismail
W08
Eka Oktariani, Awalina,

Tjandra Setiadi, Ardiyan
Harimawan
W09*
Sebastien Rauch
W10
Kurniawan, Safrudin,
Budisusanti
W11**
Yen-Peng Ting
W12**
Rene Van Berkel
David Grant, Greg Leslie,

and Julian Cox**
* = Keynote Speaker
**=Invited Speaker
W13**
Note:
Title
Identification of Chemical
Compounds Degradation Products
of Commercial Malathion
Pesticides in Water
Mathematical Modeling to
Evaluate the Distribution of
Leachate Disharge into the Water
Streams around Piyungan Landfill
Site
Surfactant Modified Bentonite
Coating for Softening Hard Water:
Performance Evaluation
Development of composite
adsorbent coating based acrylic
polymer/bentonite for cationic dye
removal.
Biosorption of Cadmium(II) from
Aqueous Solution by Two Types
of Biosorbents Based on
Microalgae Aphanothece Sp
Wastewater Still one of the most
important engineering challenges
Application of TMDL
Development for River BasinBased Water Quality Improvement
Program in Citarum River Basin,
Indonesia
Forward Osmosis Membrane
Bioreactor (FOMBR): More than a
Novel Membrane Bioreactor
(MBR) Process
Engineering for a Sustainable
Future
Water and Energy Recycling in
Commercial Poultry Processing
xvii
Page
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
68
68*

CATEGORY: OTHERS
Code
Author
Title
Page
O01
Misaki Ota, Yuichiro

Hirota, Yoshiaki Uchida,
and Norikazu Nishiyama
Low temperature synthesis of

hydrogen titanate nanotubes as a
solid acid catalyst
69
Outcome-Based Learning
Innovation: Application to
Engineering Economics Course
70
Effect of Vacuum and

Atmospheric Drying on
Torrefaction of Oil Palm Trunk
71
Microcatalytic Converter for CO

Oxidation over Pt/-Al2O3 during
Cold Start-up Period
72
Tjokorde Walmiki
Samadhi, Astri Nur Istyami,
and Joanna Nadia
Kristiantolo
Daniel Prasetyo, Hyung W.
Lee and Johnner P.
Sitompul
O02
O05
O07
Yogi Wibisono Budhi,

Ryan Adrian Rahardi, and
M. Zaky Yanwar
O10
Winny Wulandari, Johnner

P. Sitompul, and IDG Arsa
Putrawan
O11
Setijo Bismo,
Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
dan Reynaldi Rachmat
O12**
O13
Note:
Prof. Tsuyoshi Fujita

Hary Devianto, Mitra
Eviani, Pramujo
Widiatmoko, Isdiriayani
Nurdin
Chemical Engineering ITB ABET

Reaccreditation Preparation:
Towards Continuous Quality
Improvement and Innovation in
Education
Modification of MnOx Based
Catalyst on Activated Carbon
Support for Ozone Decomposition
in Low Temperature Effluent Gas
Emission
Scientific approach for low
carbon cities and regions
Consequence Analysis on Fuel

Cell as Power Generation
* = Keynote Speaker
** = Invited Speaker
xviii
73
74
75
76

TECHNICAL PAPERS POSTER PRESENTATION

CATEGORY: FOOD
Code
Author
Title
Page
F01
MTAP Kresnowati,
Faradiva Dwinta, and Susi
Zukriwati
Downstream Processing of Xylitol

from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Hydrolysate
77
F02
Johnner P Sitompul, Tutus

Gusdinar, Hamidah
Rahman and Kusnandar
Anggadiredja
Synthesis of Structured Triglyceride

of MLM-Triglyceride Type Based
on Canarium Oil for Functional
Food Application
78
F04
Budi Mandra Harahap and

M.T.A.P Kresnowati
Evaluation of Pretreatment Process

for Producing Xylose-Rich
Hydrolyzate from Oil Palm Empty
Fruit Bunches
79
F09
Made Tri Ari Penia

Kresnowati, Ricky, and
Corwin Rudly
Development of Instant Starter for

the Production of Fermented
Cassava Flour (fercaf)
80
F11
I Dewa Gede Arsa

Putrawan, Menur
Widyasih, and Rani
Wulantari
Liquid-liquid Equilibria of Fatty

Acid-Rice Bran Oil-Aqueous
Alcohols
81
F12
I Dewa Gede Arsa

Putrawan, Thomas
Gunardi, and Dexter
Siahaan
Development of Mixed Fertilizer

Fillers from Pan Granulation of
Waste Animal Bones and Eggshells
82
F15
Zuhannisa , Prihati Sih

Nugraheni , Wiratni and
Yuni Kusumastuti
Preparation and Characterization of

Modified Chitosan by
Polyelectrolyte Complexation
83
F18
Agung Tri Buwono,

Radinda Bian Zaqina,
Himawan Tri Bayu Murti
Petrus, and Yuni
Kusumastuti
Synthesis and Characterization of

Biocomposites based on Chitosan
and Geothermal Silica
84
xix

Code
F23
F24
Author
Raymond Adriel,
Alexander, Carolus B.
Rasrendra, Johnner P.
Sitompul
Nina Juliana R. Turnip,
Hyung Woo Lee, Felicia B.
Pardede, Carolus B.
Rasrendra, Johnner P.
Sitompul
Title
Page
Study of Refined k-Carrageenan

Production from Eucheuma cottonii
Seaweed
86
Production of Biocomposite for

Food Packaging from PLA and
Empty Fruit Bunch based Cellulose
Fiber Using Triacetine as a
Coupling Agent
87
xx

CATEGORY: ENERGY
Title
The Effect of Bacillus cereus and
Pseudomonas putida on Heavy
Metals Bioremediation of
Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Determination of the Optimum
Hydraulic Retention Time in
Double Stage Anaerobic
Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for
Landfill Leachate Treatment
Page
Code
Author
E04
S.R. Juliastuti, Annisa Nur

Farida , Dalylaa, A. Tuhuloula
E09
Eli Prasetyo, Hanifrahmawan

Sudibyo, Wiratni Budhijanto
E13
Yuswan Muharam, Mirza

Mahendra, Fabian Mahendra
Nur, Thomy D Vollmer
and Nurania Saubryani
Prediction of Ignition Delay

Time of Liquefied Gas for
Vehicle
91
E15
Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi,

Febrizca Narcia, and Hendro
Amril
Potassium Recovery from

Bamboo Biomass Fuel Ash
92
E17
Ivan Ruben Darmawan ,

Ronggo Ahmad Wikanswasto
Case Study of Steam Power

Plant Energy Conservation in
Gas Processing Plant PT XYZ
93
E19
Marisa Handajani, Mindriany

Syafila, Andri Gumilar, David
Andrio
Effect of the Iron (II) and

Manganese (II) Addition for the
Ethanol Production from the
Degradation of Palm Oil Mill
Effluent (Pome) by Anaerobic
Processes
94
E21
Muhammad Arif Susetyo ST,

Prof. Dr. Ir. Herri Susanto ,
and David Bachrin MT
Modelling of Dry Reagent for

Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization
95
E23
Yogi Wibisono Budhi,

Christine Natalia Soekiman,
Stefanus Wijaya, Neng
Tresna, Fadhly Mahdy, Hary
Devianto, and Ferry Iskandar
Simulation of Transient Reverse

Flow Operation: Optimizing
Reactor Design for Catalytic
Oxidation of Benzene Oxidation
96
E24
Palestine, N. F., Wiratni, and

Mindaryani, A.
CO2 Adsorption by Using Wet

Anion Exchange Resin Inside
Column for Biogas Purification
98
xxi
89
90

Code
E25
Author
Syuga Oktavia, Hilham
Zamriko Koto, Pramujo
Widiatmoko, Hary Devianto,
Isdiriayani Nurdin
E32
Muhammad Istiqamah Zada,

and Antonius Indarto
E33
Petric Marc Ruya, Joko

Waluyo, Yuono, and Herri
Susanto
E36
Monita Pasaribu and Retno

Gumilang Dewi
E37
Pramahadi Febriyanto,
Isdiriayani Nurdin, Hermawan
Judawisastra and Hary
Devianto
Title
Page
The Development of DyeSensitized Solar Cells with

Carbon as Counter Electrode
99
Freezing Simulation of
Compressed Natural Gas
Pressure Regulator
Hydrodynamic Study on
Behaviour of Packed Bed of
Zeolite Particles
Effect of Numeral Nutrient
Concentration on The
Cultivation of Microalgae
Botryococcus braunii with
Airlift-Vertigro Photobioreactor
Sulfidation Risk Assessment in
Petrochemical Plant
xxii
100
101
102
103

CATEGORY: WATER
Author
Title
Page
W04
Shazlina Abd Hamid
Application of Adsorbent Coating

on Fin system: Mathematical
Formulae
104
W06
Andhini Nurulfadilah,
Awalina, Tjandra Setiadi
Growth Kinetic Modeling of

Cyanobacteria Aphanothece sp.
105
W07
Wijdan Pratiwi, Melly

Mellyanawaty , Chandra
Wahyu Purnomo, and
Wiratni Budhijanto
Substrate Adsorption Effects of

Natural Zeolite as the Microbial
Immobilization Medium in
Anaerobic Treatment of Landfill
Leachate
106
Code
xxiii

CATEGORY: OTHERS
Code
Author
Title
Page
O03
Zakijah Irfin, Ali

Altway, Susianto and
Suprapto
Effect of Wetting Agent Ratio in

Bitumen Separation Process from
Asbuton by Hot Water Process
109
O04
A. Z. Abidin,
M.A.Elsadik
Synthesis of Water Soluble

Copolymers of Acrylamide-(2Acrylamido-2 Methylepropanesulfonic
Acid) for Enhanced Oil Recovery
110
O06
Lita Darmayanti,
Suprihanto
Notodarmodjo, Enri
Damanhuri
Removal of Copper (II) ion in

Aqueous Solutions by Sorption onto
Fly Ash
111
O08
Arie wibowo, Rachmad

Santoso, Hermawan
Judawisastra and Yogi
Wibisono Budhi
Preparation of Nano-catalyst Pt with

Cellulose Nano Crystals as Catalyst
Support
112
O09
Aprifiana Dwi Jayanti,

and Antonius Indarto
Optimization of Separator Number in

Hydrodesulfurization Unit
113
xxiv

ABSTRACTS
PLENARY SESSION

F27
Small Scale Biorefineries for Food and Non Food Applications

Johan Sanders*
*Food & Biobased Research Wageningen UR, Wageningen University, Netherlands
*Corresponding Authors E-mail : Johan.Sanders@wur.nl
Abstract
The history of the potato starch biorefining company that I worked for during 9 years,
started in 1839 actually at the place of my research laboratory in Foxhol, Groningen,
the Netherlands. At the 50th anniversary the company was expanded in the North
West of Europe at more than 50 locations. In the Netherlands the potatoes were
shipped by boat until roads as well as lorries improved around the time of the second
world war. Since then consolidation started in which small factories were combined
to larger ones. Obviously this consolidation had several advantages: lower cost per
unit product: the so called 'economy of scale' this was obtained because of lower
capital, labour, land required while transport cost increased, but obviously only to a
limited amount.
For Sugar factories, wheatstarch factories very similar developments occured.
The larger factories enabled adaptations that were required because of environmental
restrictions. While starch was the main product from the potato biorefining, the protein
that was discarded with the potato juice in the canals around the factories caused a lot
of foam as well as malodour. The Government forced the industry in the early nineties
to come with a solution which lead to the production of a valuable potato protein side
product. The residues from the potatojuice had to be concentrated since they contained
all the minerals from the potato as well as amino acids and organic acids. This
concentrate contains as much potassium and phosphate to fertilize 50 000ha of
Agricultural land each year.
During the past 15 years at Wageningen University we studied whether it would be
economically feasable to design small scale biorefineries. They would have a number
of advantages such as: low capital requirement to start up a new process, less logistic
costs to bring the biomass to the factory, much less capital and energy to recycle the
minerals back to the agricultural land, often in the beginning of a new development
the market size is limited and also the availability of the raw materials.
Examples wll be shown such as a cassava processing unit that can be transported from
one field to another; There are now about 15 units running in Africa, not only to
produce crude starch for various food applications but also to make beer.

F27
A pilot factory in the Netherlands produces ethanol, protein and corn oil for food
applications starting with corn.
A grass Biorefinery is mobile since the whole process to make 3 products as feed for
cattle, pigs and poultry, is build in a truck. A simplex process has been installered in
Uganda in the beginning of this year.Initial animal feed tests are running but they give
promising results.
Laboratory scale processes include the refining of oil cake residue such asfrom
Jatropha and rapeseed.
For sugar a pilot process will be build in the next few months.
All these small scale processes serve an area of about 300-500 ha, so that
transportation distances are limited to a few kilometers in the neighbourhood of the
equipment.
In the next few years we hope that scaling up will take place not by larger scale
factories but by multiplication of the number of the processing units.

F28
Design and Evaluation of Biomass Residue Recycle System for

Sustainable Crop Cultivation based on Material Flow Analysis
Koichi Fujie1* , Udin Hasanudin 2
1
Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University

79-5 Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501,Japan,
fujie-koichi-zk@ynu.ac.jp
Dept. of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

JalanSumantriBrojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, 35148 INDONESIA
*Corresponding Authors E-mail : udinha@fp.unila.ac.id
Abstract
Analysis of material and elemental flow was performed in the farm land and crop
processing mill of plantation. Elemental flow in the biomass residue and wastewater
recycle process such as composting, methane fermentation and cattle fattening was
analyzed as well. Procedure to design and to evaluate the biomass residue recycle
system for carbon sequestration and for soil fertility improvement toward sustainable
crop cultivation was proposed based on the experimental approach in the plantations
of sugarcane, oil palm and cassava.

E41
Biorefineries: from biomass to green energy, biofuels and

biobased chemicals.
Prof.Dr.ir. H.J. Heeres
Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
Corresponding Authors E-mail: h.j.heeres@rug.nl
Abstract
Biomass will play an important role in future biobased societies for the production of
bioenergy, biofuels and biobased economies. Efficient use of biomass is best
performed using biorefineries. Biorefinering is the sustainable processing of biomass
into a spectrum of marketable products and energy. According to this definition, a
biorefinery can be a facility, a process, a plant, or even a cluster of facilities. Although
the term biorefinery is new, the concept is already used for ages in many traditional
biomass processing plants such as in the sugar, starch, pulp and paper industry.
The input for a biorefinery can be diverse, for instance from forestry, agriculture,
aquaculture, and residues from industry and households including wood, agricultural
crops, organic residues. Products of a biorefinery can be intermediates and final
products, including food, feed, materials, chemicals, fuels, heat and power and so on.
An important product class from biorefineries is the so called platform chemicals.
These are intermediates for the chemical industry that can be converted to a wide
range of products with a broad application range.
In this presentation, the biorefinery concept will be illustrated for a number of cases.
These include i) a lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery for the production of existing
chemicals (such as aromatics) as well as novel platform chemicals like levulinic acid
and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and ii) a pyrolysis oil biorefinery. The emphasis will be
on chemical and engineering aspects of the conversions under study.
Bio sketch
Heeres joined the chemical engineering department of the University of Groningen in
1999 as an assistant professor. In 2003 he was appointed here as a full professor in
green chemical reaction engineering. His research interests concern the development
of efficient catalytic technology for acid- and metal-based catalytic biomass
conversions, with an emphasis on biofuels (catalytic pyrolysis, pyrolysis oil
upgrading), platform chemicals (levulinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural) and
4

E41
performance materials from biomass (starch modifications). The group is actively

involved in national and international consortia. Heeres (h-index 40) is the (co-)
author of 175 papers in international peer reviewed journals and 13 patents in the field
of (applied) catalysis and chemical reaction engineering. Heeres is a member of the
Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen and an associate editor of
the journal Fuel Processing Technology.

E42
Renewable Energy Emerging opportunities for Chemical

Engineers
Hamdani Saidi a
a
International Business School (IBS)

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Corresponding Authors E-mail: hamdani.kl@utm.my
Abstract
Renewable energy has been identified as one of the emerging technologies that will
drive the future economic engine for wealth creation. In order to grab the new
opportunities resulted from renewable energy industry chemical engineering
education especially in the developing world need to be more creative, innovative and
flexible in terms of curriculum, delivery and training. Renewable energy sources
include biomass, hydro, solar, wind and nuclear. Harnessing these resources to
generate fuels and electricity involves significant chemical engineering domains such
as reaction engineering, mass and heat transfer and separation processes. However
future chemical engineering programs need to give more emphasis on applications
especially on new processes. Hydrogen as green and sustainable energy carrier is
required in order to store the electrical energy from wind, hydro, solar and nuclear
through electrolysis of water. Current grid electricity distribution is very inefficient
with significant losses from generation of application. Biomass on the other hand need
to be prepared in such a manner that its combustion to energy is non-polluting and
clean. Production of energy from hydrogen fuel using conventional combustion
technology or electrochemical process is not only environmentally clean and
sustainable but also more efficient, economical and flexible. Proton exchange
membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an efficient electrochemical device that converts
hydrogen to electricity that is now commercially available. However more research
and development is required. As membrane technology is one of the main component
for PEMFC, a new breakthrough is very crucial. Research showed that major
breakthrough have been achieved in the area of membrane technology for water and
gas separation applications. However more needs to be done to develop membrane for
fuel cell application especially for high temperature electrochemical reaction. At high
temperature reaction fuel cell will increase its efficiency from 50 % to 70%. With
CHP (combined heat and power) the efficiency can go up to 95%. Operating fuel cell
at 120 0C will be able to reduce water flooding a common problem associated with
low temperature operation. It is obvious that transforming conventional chemical
engineering education at undergraduate and post graduate level needs to be done.
Literacy of chemical engineers in renewable technologies will increase their chance
to lead the new operation of renewable energy plants around the world currently under
6

E42
rapid development. In addition skills and knowledge in finance, business and project
management can be offered to further enhance the value added to the graduating
chemical engineers. Conventional jobs that demand chemical engineers are
becoming scarce as new wave of wealth creation shifts to the next millennium.
Participations of chemical engineers in renewable energy industries are therefore
mandatory to ensure their success and sustainability.
Keywords: future wealth creation, renewable energy, hydrogen, fuel cell, emerging
opportunities, chemical engineering education transformation.

E45
Catalysts for Liquid Biofuel Production

Subagjo*
*Chemical Engineering Program
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: subagjo@yahoo.com
Abstract
In the last decade, utilization of liquid biofuels has been increased rapidly and
reached around 74.85 Mtoe globally by 2015. Although some liquid biofuel
technologies have been commercially available, many pathways to convert various
biomass-based feedstocks into biofuels are still under development.
A first generation liquid biofuel, produced mainly from food crops (i.e.
biodiesel and bio-ethanol), is characterized either by its ability to be blended with
petroleum-based fuels, combusted in existing internal combustion engines, and
distributed through existing infrastructure. The first generation biofuels can offer
some CO2 benefits and improve domestic energy security. But their production
sustainability is still under review, mainly because of the possibility of creating
competition for land and water use for food production. Therefore, biofuel production
processes by means of using lignocellulosic feedstock are potentially developed.
The second-generation biofuels technology utilizing plant biomass; referring
mostly to lignocellulosic materials conversion; could significantly reduce CO 2
production, eliminate the competion with food use, and some types of biofuels can
even offer better engine performance. Nevertheless, the production of these fuels, at
the present, is not cost effective due to a number of technical barriers. Regardless of
this situation, the pilot and demonstration facilities are being developed. The examples
of the 2nd generation biofuels are bio-oil, cellulosic ethanol and FischerTropsch fuels.
Catalyst plays an important role in most of liquid biofuel production processes,
such as for increasing process efficiency, improving biofuel quality, and green
production. Herein, the catalyst for biofuel production process will be reviewed.

W09
Wastewater Still one of the most important engineering

challenges
Sebastien Rauch a*, Claudia Cossio Gragedaa,b, Ida Helgegrena, and Jennifer McConvillec
a
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
b
Centre for Water and Environmental Sanitation,
University Mayor of San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia
c
Department of Architecture,
Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
Corresponding Authors E-mail: sebastien.rauch@chalmers.se
Abstract
Access to sanitation facilities has improved during recent decades and 68% of the
global population is now using improved sanitation facilities. Despite improvements,
many developing countries are struggling to improve their sanitation coverage and
2.4 billion people still use unimproved sanitation facilities or practice open defecation.
In addition, more than 80% of the wastewater produced worldwide is discharged
without sufficient treatment, resulting in severe water pollution and risks for
wastewater reuse in agriculture. While there is a need to increase treatment capacity,
existing wastewater treatment plants are often not functioning adequately.
The research presented shows the needs for integrated infrastructure development in
sanitation and wastewater management. Examples include studies in rural towns in
Bolivia, where water is lacking and wastewater treatment plant effluents are used in
irrigation. Wastewater treatment plants are not functioning properly with limited
removal of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand,
nitrogen, phosphorus and bacterial indicators. The poor performance of the treatment
plants is attributed to the lack of operation and maintenance resulting for contextual
factors such as willingness to pay for wastewater treatment and limited knowledge at
municipal level and insufficient staff training. Plant design is a further factor in
treatment plant performance; Design needs to consider contextual factors. While
technologies are available, it is the contextual factor that makes wastewater a
recurring problem.
Keywords: wastewater treatment plants; performance; operation and
maintenance; wastewater reuse

ABSTRACTS
ORAL
PRESENTATION

F03
Evaluation of Simultaneous Saccharification and

Fermentation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol
Production
Khairul Hadi a, M.T.A.P. Kresnowati a*, and Tjandra Setiadi a
a

Corresponding Authors E-mail: kresnowati@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Xylitol is commonly produced from lignocellulosic material via acid catalyzed
hydrolysis followed by chemical hydrogenation at harsh temperature and pressure.
Alternatively, it can also be produced via enzymatic hydrolysis followed by
fermentation processes. The later might be performed as simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation (SSF) configuration in order to reduce the
processing time without reducing the yield. This paper discusses the evaluation of
SSF of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) for xylitol production, using
commercial hemicellulolytic enzyme Cellic-Htec2 and D.hansenii ITB CC R85. To
integrate two processes which have different optimum temperature, we first map each
process performance at different temperature. Later, SSF was evaluated at various
hydrolysis and fermentation time at each optimized temperature. The best result was
obtained when the fermentation and hydrolysis were carried out together and giving
yield of 0.029 g-xylitol/g-EFB.
Keywords: Enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, process integration, xylitol, xylose.
10

F05
The potentiality of elot as raw material for lipid

(triacylglycerols/triglycerides) production
Rety Setyawaty 1a*, Satoshi Tanabe 2b, and Takahumi Naganuma 3b
a
Pharmacyst Academy of Kusuma Husada Purwokerto, Central Java 53146, Indonesia

b
Department of Fermentation
University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
Corresponding Authors E-mail: rety.setyawaty@gmail.com
Abstract
Elot (Indonesian language) is dry suspended solid of tapioca starch wastewater. Elot
usually still contains residual protein and starch. Currently, the usage of elot is
additive material for crackers, mosquito repellent, fertilizer, mix sauce ingredient,
and glucose syrup. Lipomyces starkeyi has been shown to possess an ability to digest
carbohydrates present in the wastes. A goal of this study was to find out the
potentiality of elot as a raw material for lipid production using Lipomyces starkeyi
CBS 1807.
Four grams of carbon source in 50 ml of salt media containing 5 mL salt, 0.05 g yeast
extract, and 50 L D-biotin were used to inoculate Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1807.
The carbon source was tapioca starch, wheat starch, rice starch, and elot. Inoculums
volume of tapioca starch, wheat starch, rice starch and elot were 8, 8, 8, and 300 L,
respectively. Incubation was done at 25 oC and 120 rpm in an orbital shaker for 7 d,
except elot. The incubation for elot was 5d. The incubation was completed and
followed by concentration analysis. TGs colorimetric assay kit was used to analyze
concentration.
This study found that elot has potential as a raw material for lipid production using
Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1807 in YEPD medium at 25 oC for 5d. Amount of lipid
extracted from Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1807 was 0.038 g lipid per g elot. However,
the amount of lipid was low but elot can be considered as one way to recover organic
material from tapioca starch wastewater.
Keywords: Elot; Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1807 ; Lipid production
11

F06
Phase Transformation of Solid Biomass Pretreated by Ionic

Solution Into Liquid Sugar
Hanny F. Sangian a*, Richard Tellengb, Irfan Aruanc, Rianita Sasued , Juana Paluyoe, Jeafert
R. Pangauf, Handy I. Moseyg and Gerald H. Tamuntuanh
a-h
Department of Physics
Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: hannysangian@yahoo.co.id
Abstract
Liquid sugar, which is mostly consisted of dextrin substance, has been prepared
successfully from solid biomass (cassava) pre-treated by ionic solution (saline water).
Prior to liquefaction the substrates were submerged in ionic solutions that saline
concentrations were varied at 3.5 percent and 10 percent (w/w) and were immersed
for 5 days. The solid treated substrates were liquefied into sugar using chemical
reaction employing biocatalyst (alpha amylase). The results of sugar released from
treated biomass were compared with controls, non- and fresh water pre-treatments.
The maximum yield of sugar, which was released from biomass treated by 10 percent
of salt, was of 0.92g/g (gram sugar per gram treated biomass). When biomass was
conducted by saline water pre-treatment with concentration of 3.5 percent of salt (sea
water), the sugar obtained decreased to 0.86 g/g. Meanwhile, for without pretreatment biomass gave a sugar yield at 0.81 g/g that was similar to fresh water pretreatment recorded at the same value. Remarkable, the hydrolysis time of treated
biomass declined significantly from 2 h and 20 min for non- and fresh water pretreatments to only 36.35 min. of ionic solution pre-treatment for maximum yields
obtained. This discovery indicates that saline water, which is very cheap and
environmentally-friendly, can be applied on biomass pre-treatment for sugar and
biofuels, hydrogen and bioethanol productions.
Keywords: Biomass; Cassava; Ionic Solution ; Liquid; Phase Transformation;
Saline Water; Solid; Sugar; Yield
12

F07
Comparison of Modified Chitosan and Chlorine as

Antibacterial Agent for Tilapia Fillet Preservation
Prihati Sih Nugrahenia, Amalia Itswari Putrib, Arum Nur Hidayah b, Yuni Kusumastutib and
Wiratnib*
a
Department of Fisheries
Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281
b
Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281
Corresponding Authors E-mail: wiratni@ugm.ac.id
Abstract
The process of handling fish to maintain fish quality can be conducted in various
ways, one of which to be commonly done is washing fish using chlorine. Chlorine
can cause environmental pollution, form organochlorine compounds which is known
as carcinogen and also affect sensory of products. Chitosan is potential to substitute
chlorine because it is food grade, safe for consumption, biodegradable and has
considerable antibacterial activity. Modification on chitosan formulation can develop
smaller chitosan particle size that will increase the antibacterial activity. This study
aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan with particle size modification
by optimizing the composition of tripolyphosphate/TPP (T), Ammonia (A), Lactic
Acid (commercial product) (L). The modified chitosan will be compared to the
conventional preservation method with Chlorine (C) and control (K) with respect to
their effectivity to preserve Tilapia fillet (Tilapia belly). Tilapia fillets were washed
using various types of the solution (T, A, L and C) and stored at 3-5C. Treatment T,
A, L and C were able to suppress the growth of bacteria and decreased the formation
of total volatile bases (TVB) and resulted quality of sensory better than the control.
The effect of each treatment was further analyzed using a 3-parameter logistic models
to predict the shelf life of the product. Chitosan modified with TPP showed the results
of the most effective because produce the lowest bacteria growth rate (max), the
longest lag phase (ti) and the longest shelf life (12 days) for preservation Tilapia fillet
to be compared to other treatments. Thus chitosan can be used instead of chlorine to
support the safety of fishery products.
Keywords: Modified Chitosan; Chlorin ; Antibacterial; Fish Quality; Shelf life.
13

F08
Production and Properties of Spray Dried Green Banana

Powder
Dianika Lestaria*, Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhia, Camelia Evi Salamaha, Sabrina Rizqi Auliaa
a

Corresponding Authors E-mail: dianika@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Bananas are abundantly available in Indonesia and supply around 32.3% from total
banana production in ASEAN. However, banana is perishable and has a short shelf
life of approximately 2-7 days. Banana can be processed traditionally, e.g. banana
chips, to extend its shelf life. However, the application of the traditionally processed
banana is still limited for direct consumption. Based on its composition, green (unripe)
bananas, specifically plantains (Musa paradisiaca), have high starch content (70.6 %wt dry basis), which make it potential as food ingredients. In this research, green
plantains will be spray dried into powder, to extend its shelf life and improve its
applications, e.g. in food formulations or as food ingredients. The aims of this
research were to produce green banana powder using co-current spray drier and to
investigate the effect of feed flowrate and drying temperature on the powder
properties. Based on the results, optimum plantain slurry concentration for spray
drying was 6%-wt. The highest yield of green plantain powder, of about 45 g powder/
100 g dry plantain, was obtained using drying temperature of 110C and feed flowrate
of 160 ml/jam. The green plantain powder had water content of 4 %-wt, water activity
of 0.697, and particle size distributions were within the wide range of 73,5 nm to
1.7741,3 nm, with average of 1690 nm. The powder solubility in ambient temperature
was still considerably low. Further starch modification of the green plantain powder
will be needed to increase its solubility, especially to improve its applications as
(instant) food formulations.
Keywords: banana starch, spray drying, drying temperature, feed flowrate, green
plantain powder, banana powder properties
14

F10
Optimizing food production through biorefinery of proteins

Widyarania,b*, Johan P. M. Sandersa,c, and Marieke E. Bruinsa,c
a
Biobased Chemistry and Technology

Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
b
Research Unit for Clean Technology
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135 Indonesia
c
Food & Biobased Research
Wageningen UR, 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
Corresponding Authors E-mail: widyarani@lipi.go.id
Abstract
Population growth and the increase of prosperity will increase global food demand in
the coming years. Protein is an important component of food and therefore, the
increase of protein demand will be amplified by the shift in lifestyle that increases the
animal protein demand, which production requires a significant input of plant protein.
We compared studies on land use, cropland yield, and livestock production to
calculate the efficiency of agricultural yield utilisation for different applications.
Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of biobased
products and bioenergy. Using a biorefinery approach, the goal to double the food
production can be achieved while increasing the efficiency of agricultural yield
utilisation up to 2.5 times. With optimized protein allocation, almost four times more
efficient use of agricultural yield can be obtained.
Keywords: Food; Biorefinery; Protein; Agricultural Yield
15

F13
Optimization of Demineralization Stages on Chitosan

Extraction from Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Shells
Dhea Sotyaniaa , Wiratnia,b ,Prihati Sih Nugrahenia and Yuni Kusumastutia,b*
a

Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
b
Center for Advanced Material and Mineral Processing CAMMP, Department of Chemical
Engineering
Corresponding Authors E-mail: yuni_kusumastuti@ugm.ac.id
Abstract
Crab (Portunus palagicus) is known as one of domestic fishery products with high
economic value. In food processing industry, the crab shell which accounts for
approximately 4060% of crabs mass are discarded as waste. These shell contains
chemical constituent consisted of protein, calcium carbonate, chitin, pigment,
mineral, and other valuable contents. Therefore, utilization of crab shell waste in
chitosan production creates new potential in providing solution to environmental
problem by reducing the continually increasing quantities of this waste. However, the
characteristic and quality of chitosan product heavily relies on its marine source and
manufacturing process. In order to obtain high quality chitosan product, chitin has to
be isolated from crab shell in the beginning of process prior to subsequent treatments
to extract chitosan (demineralization, deproteinization, deacetylization) that could be
done by conducting demineralization process several times in different stages to
obtain less than 2% ash content, according to the international standard stated by
Protan Laboratories Inc.
In the beginning of raw material preparation process, crab shell waste was rinsed
several times with water then left dried by sunlight. The samples were crushed with
blender afterwards and passed it through 50 mesh screen. The obtained samples were
demineralized furtherly by using 1.5 N HCl solution with 1 : 5 (w/v) ratio at 60C for
30 minutes. The ash content and moisture content of demineralized samples were
determined and the demineralization process was re-conducted for the next stage.
The result showed that ash content significantly decreased along with increasing stage
of demineralization. Three stages demineralization process had to be conducted to
obtain samples with standard grade of ash content. At the first stage, the crab shell
waste sample has 60.6 % average ash content, decreasing as much as 11.93% from
the initial crab shell powder ash content. At the second and third stage, the average
ash content obtained in the sample were 6.38 % and as low as 1.54 %, respectively.
However, demineralization stages gave negligible effect on the yield of
demineralization process and moisture content. Stage 1, 2, and 3 gave nearly the same
16

F13
yield in the range of 5060% and the moisture content of the sample at each stage
was in the range of 56%.
Keywords: chitosan, extraction, demineralization stages
17

F14
Microwave-assisted Extraction of Roselle Seed: The Effects of

Duration and Power With and Without Temperature Control
N.I. Yusoffa and C.P. Leo a*
a
School of Chemical Engineering

Engineering Campus
Universiti Sains Malaysia
14300 Nibong Tebal
Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: chcpleo@usm.my
Abstract
Roselle seeds are usually discarded as waste, but it is now labelled with great herbal
value due to its polyphenol content. However, to date only limited work has been
done on seed extraction. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of defatted Hibiscus
sabdariffa L. (Roselle) seed was studied in this work using a closed vessel. The main
objective of this work is to evaluate the potential of MAE as an alternative to
conventional extraction techniques. Also, the extraction efficiency is expected to be
improved by reducing the extraction time. The effects of duration and power with and
without temperature control on the yield, total phenolic and flavonoids content were
investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoids content were determined using FolinCiocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Roselle seeds extract
showed a great improvement in phenolic and flavonoid by extending the extraction
duration. The extension of time caused higher extraction kinetics resulted to high
phenolic and flavonoids content of seed extract. Without temperature control, the
highest phenolic (17.4360 mg GAE equiv./g) and flavonoid (7.0977 mg QE equiv./g)
were achieved at 200 W and 8 min. However, the yield (42.0625 %) and flavonoid
content (11.5467 mg QE equiv./g) were increased significantly with temperature
control at 200 W, 8 min and 140 C. These results indicate that the extract produced
through MAE in closed vessel possess superior quality compared to the extract
produced via maceration up to 24 hrs.
Keywords:Microwave; Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ; Phenolic; Flavonoid
18

F16
Oil in Brewed Coffee: Effects of Roasting and Grinding on

Extractability
Berth Phileintaa, Wenda Brata Bastanta Naibahoa, Daniel Pramuditaa*, C.B. Rasrendraa,
Johnner Sitompula
a

Corresponding Authors E-mail: daniel@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Roasting and grinding conditions have been investigated to find the optimum
condition for preserving chlorogenic acids and oil content in brewed coffee. Several
constant temperatures ranging from 170 to 260C were employed during roasting.
Arabica coffee beans (from Bandung region) were used as an experimental material.
An experimental roaster was developed to continuously measure the changes in the
mass of beans with an electronic balance placed on the top of a roasting chamber.
Heated air was flowed into the roasting chamber and acted as the main heat source
for the process. Temperature of the inlet air was measured and used for controlling
the roasting condition. The temperatures of the air near the surfaces of beans and the
centre of a bean were also measured. The measurement of temperature was carried
out using K-type thermocouples. Changes in moisture and solid content in the bean
were measured by taking samples at certain time intervals. The roasted beans were
grounded with same grinding time and speed, and the ground coffee was sieved to
ensure same particle size. Changes in content of oil in coffee beans were measured
soxhlet extraction. Variation in the grinding conditions was later employed by
adjusting the distance between ceramic blades of the grinder to investigate their effect
in product quality. Optimum roasting and grinding condition was proposed based on
the result of measurement. In this study, correlation between physical changes and
chemical changes in coffee was also discussed.
Keywords: arabica coffee, moisture content, oil, convective roaster, coffee
grinding.
19

F17
Steam Treatment of Protein Curd to Improve Texture of

Winged Bean Tofu
Dianika Lestaria, Ronny Purwadia, Siti Solihaha, Rani Mawaddah a, Tatang Hernas
Soerawidjajaa
a

Corresponding Authors E-mail: dianika@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), or kecipir (Indonesian), is one of the
legumes which abundantly available in Indonesia. Winged bean have comparable
protein content to soybean, which can be potential as alternative raw material for tofu
making. However, the texture of winged bean protein curd is still weak, which make
it difficult to be moulded and pressed to form an acceptable textured tofu. The
objectives of this research was to study the mechanism of protein coagulation
(curding) and the effect of steam treatment of protein curd to improve texture of
winged bean tofu. Coagulating agent used in this research were acetic acid and
calcium chloride, with coagulation pH were in the range of 3.7-5. Approximately
90% of protein in winged bean milk were coagulated into curd using acetic acid in
pH 4.5. Steam treatment of protein curd, followed by moulding and pressing, resulted
on a solid tofu with firmness values of 1.2 0.25 kg, comparable to commercial
soybean tofu.
Keywords: tofu, winged bean, coagulant, steam treatment, pH adjustment
20

F19
Prediction of the Effect of the Light Intensity and the Reactor

Geometry on the Microalgae Yield in a Bubble-column
Photobioreactor
Yuswan Muharam*, Dianursanti and Aditya Bintang Pramadana
University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors e-mail: muharam@che.ui.ac.id
Abstract
The effect of the light intensity and the reactor geometry on the yield of
Nannochloropsissalina microalgae in an internal-illuminated bubble-column
photobioreactor was investigated in this research. Phenomenological modelling and
simulation of the reactor were performed to achieve the aim. The axisymmetric 2D
model of the reactor comprises gas-phase and liquid-phase mass balances. Axial and
radial dispersion concepts in gas phase and solid phase are applied on the description
of the non-ideal flow pattern in the reactor. The model was validated against the
experimental data obtained in a reactor possessing a 0.1 m inner diameter, a 0.197 m
outer diameter, a 0.8 m length and fed by 1% CO2-enriched air with an 800 mL/min
flow rate for 15 days. The validation result demonstrates that the model can reproduce
well the experimental results with 4% error. The microalgae yield produced in the
reactor with the diameter of 0.197 m is 0.52 g/L, and lowers when the outer diameter
enlarged. The effect of the reactor length and the sparger diameter is not significant
on the yield. Increasing the intensity up to 22.5 W/m2 raises the microalgae
production, but beyond the value, it reduces the microalgae production.
Keywords: Microalgae, Bubble column, Photobioreactor; Modelling
21

F20
Osmotic Membrane Distillation of Phenolic Rich Solution

Using Superhydrophobic PVDF/TiO2 Membrane
Norhaziyana Hamzah a and Choe Peng Leo 2a*
a
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Abstract
Osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) process was applied in this study for the
concentration of phenolic rich solution. The titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles
were dispersed in the microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. After
phase inversion, the mixed matrix membrane was modified into superhydrophobic
using silane. The water contact angle of the silane modified membrane was confirmed
to be superhydrophobic using a goniometer. The superhydrophobic membrane was
used in the study of OMD process which conducted for 6 h using gallic acid solution
in the feed while sodium chloride (NaCl) as the osmotic agent. The PVDF flat sheet
membranes with varied surface hydrophobicity could avoid different degrees of
wetting during OMS. The effects of feed temperatures (40 C, 50 C and 60 C) on
the permeate flux were studied as well. More than 95 % of gallic acid was
successfully rejected in most of the runs, but the permeate flux depended on the
membrane characteristics and feed temperature. Besides studying on the membrane
characteristic and separation performance, the fouling behaviour of membrane was
further investigated.
Keywords: Osmotic membrane distillation; phenolic; superhydrophobic
22

F21
Drying Process of Fermented Cassava Using Novel Method of

Convective Multiple Flash Drying
Lienda Aliwargaa*, Samuel Zefanya, and Yohanes Christanto
a

Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: lienda@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Drying process of fermented cassava flour (fercaf) which is a potential substitute for
wheat flour is important to be researched in order to determine drying characteristics.
Fermented cassava is cassava that is fermented to modify its characteristic. Drying
methods that is commonly used are convective and vacuum drying in addition to
recently developed method which is convective multiple flash drying (CMFD).
CMFD is method that recently developed for food ingredients that is based on
application of repeated cycle of convective and vacuum drying intermittently.
Cassava chips with 0.1-0.2 cm thickness is fermented using Rhizopus oryzaefor 24
hours at room condition. Drying was done using 3 methods which are convective,
vacuum and CMFD with a temperature of 50-70oC. Drying process was done until
fermented cassava reach moisture content under 20%, then dried fermented cassava
chips was milled with 80 mesh screen to produce fercaf flour. Fercaf flour moisture
content, water activity and whiteness degree is evaluated based on National
Standardization Body of Indonesia standards.
This research concluded that CMFD is the fastest method to dry fermented cassava
with 5-6 hours drying duration, 8-10 hours drying duration for vacuum and more than
10 hours for convective method. Water activity of all samples was evaluated using
water activity analyzer indicated values below 0.2 which are below the recommended
values for powder products. CMFD resulted fercaf flour with higher whiteness degree
compared to other two methods. Moreover, this research also shows that operating
pressure and temperature impact fercaf flour produced. Drying rate is faster with an
increasing temperature and dynamic condition of pressure for CMFD method also
increase the drying process of samples.
Keywords: cassava, fercav flour, wheat flour, drying methods, CMFD
23

F22
Study of PLA-based Blend and Nanocomposite Bioplastic for

Food Packaging
Tegar Y. Bagaskara, Johnner P. Sitompul, Hyung W. Lee, Deni Y. Permana, Daniel
Pramudita
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology

Institute of Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: sitompul@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has a good potential to become raw material for bioplastic
because it has good biodegradation properties and it can be derived from renewable
resources. Nevertheless, PLA has poor gas barrier properties and elasticity. An
organoclay such as Bentonite can be used to improve gas barrier properties of PLA
and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used as blend polymer that improve PLA
elasticity. This study used two types polymers of PLA, poly(D,L) lactic acid
(PDLLA) and poly(L) lactic acid (PLLA) as well as PEG to produce PLA blend of
dipolymer or tripolymer. The incorporation of bentonite into the blends will produce
nanocomposite bioplastic. The aim of the study is to find PLA-based blend as well as
nanocomposite bioplastic that have good mechanical, water vapor permeability
(WVP), and biodegradibility properties by varying the composition of PDLLA,
PLLA, and plasticizer PEG. In this research, maximum composition of PDLLA is
20%-wt, PEG is 20%-wt. and 10 pph of nanoclay concentration for producing PLA
blend nanocomposite for best properties with highest tensile strength and
biodegradability as well as lowest water vapor permeability. Addition of PDLLA
resulting PLLA-PDLLA stereocomplex formation, while addition of PEG increasing
free space on PLA matrix. PDLLA addition increased the tensile strength, Youngs
Modulus, and biodegradability. While the addition of PEG increased the elongation
at break and biodegradability. In PLA blend tripolymer, mixing sequence
PLLA/PDLLA/PEG showed the effect of plasticizer better than PLLA/PEG/PDLLA.
Sample with highest mechanical resistance is PLLA100/Bentonite which has
elongation at break 1.41%, tensile strength 750.91 kPa, and Youngs Modulus 37.78
MPa. Nanoclay formed turtous paths that extend distance traveled by the gas through
PLA matrix. In addition, the nanoclay also formed small fragments in PLA matrix to
ease the biodegradation process. Hence, the addition of Bentonite increased the
resistance to water vapor and biodegradability. While the highest water vapor
resistance is sample PLLA80/PDLLA20/Bentonite which has WVP 8.63 x 10 -13
24

F22
g.m/m2.s.Pa. Best biodegradability sample which has percentage of weight loss

reached 33.73% is sample PLLA70/PDLLA10/PEG20/Bentonite.
Keywords: Nanocomposite, PLA, Bentonite, Food packaging, Bioplastic.
25

F25
Development of Drying Process of Cassava Chips for Fercaf

Production
Lienda Aliwarga*, Yazid Bindar, Susila Hadiyati and Paul Rizky Mayori Tangke
Corresponding Authors E-mail: lienda@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the potential carbohydrate sources. Various
and improved products can be produced by processing cassava to fermented cassava
flour (fercaf). One of the processing steps that affect the quality of product is the
drying. A research was designed to develop an economic drying method for cassava.
The research use a drying chamber completed with heating fluid. The performance
compared to sun drying. The research performed in 31.5oC, 35.5oC, 37oC and 40.5oC
chamber temperature. The compared parameters are drying characteristics these are
mass to time curve, drying rate curve and the quality of the dried material these are
moisture content, whiteness index, swelling power and protein content. The drying
rate is higher for the higher chamber temperature. Drying rate in the chamber is higher
than by sun drying at the same time period. Moisture content of drying product using
chamber is lower than by solar drying, except for 31.5 oC that has similar drying
characteristics. Whiteness index in drying using chamber is lower than by solar
drying. The higher temperatures give lower final whiteness index. Swelling power
increases as the temperature increase. At a point, whiteness index and swelling power
will decrease if the temperature raises more. The protein content decreases as the
drying temperature increase. Final protein content of the drying product using
chamber is little bit lower than in sun drying at 31.5 oC and 35.5oC but far lower than
at 37oC and 40.5C.
Keywords: Drying; Fercaf; Tent dryer; Sun drying.
26

F26
Extraction of -Oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil-Based Biodiesel

Siti Zullaikah a,*, Anantha Buriyan a, and Tyas Hastya Chandraa
a

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Kampus ITS Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111
lndonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: szulle@chem-eng.its.ac.id
Abstract
-oryzanol from rice bran oil has been proven to act as an antioxidant against the
oxidation of linoleic acid in a certain molar ratio. Besides, -oryzanol was a promising
antioxidant for high temperature application. Rice bran oil-based biodiesel contains
high level of unsaponifiable matters (4 5.4%) including bioactive compounds, such
as -oryzanol. To fulfil the standard biodiesel specification, crude biodiesel should be
refined. Isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from rice bran oil-based
biodiesel are attractive options to further reduce the production cost of biodiesel since
the bioactive compounds can be sold separately at high price. The objective of this
work is to study the effect of extraction temperature on the separation of -oryzanol
from rice bran oil-based biodiesel using silica gel as adsorbent. Rice bran oil-based
biodiesel produced under subcritical water-methanol mixture contains fatty acid
methyl esters (FAME) of 67.26%, free fatty acids (FFA) of 8.27% and -oryzanol of
7.39%. Rice bran oil-based biodiesel in hexane (2%, v/v) was mixed with untreated
silica gel at certain time (30 min.) and temperature (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 oC). Non
polar compounds such as FAME were extracted in hexane phase. While polar
compounds adsorbed in silica gel was desorbed using methanol. FAME content
(94.80 95.15%) in hexane phase was not affected by temperature extraction.
However, -oryzanol content and recovery were affected by extraction temperature.
The highest -oryzanol content (12.50%) and recovery (96.39%) were obtained at
extraction temperature of 30 oC.
Keywords: -oryzanol; Rice bran oil-based biodiesel; Extraction; Separation;
Adsorption
27

F29
Application of Chemical Engineering Concepts in Modern

Agriculture
Part 1: The Fundamental Design of Plant Bioreactor
Mubiar Purwasasmita*, Khairul Hadi, Daniel Pramudita
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
*Corresponding Authors E-mail : mubiar@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
A concept of plant bioreactor, which is an adaptation of chemical engineering
principles into agriculture, is introduced. Plant bioreactor is the space developed by
pieces of capillary pipes formed by plant residue and small soil granules. These
capillary channels absorb and direct air and water within soil granules to plant root
surface through water surface tension mechanism and plant suction power caused by
evapotranspiration. The capillary pipes do not act as a place only for fluid siphoning,
but also for mixing, reaction, and separation processes and storage with the best
efficiency and performances. Compost, the main source of organic compounds, and
new micro channels in the soil are formed from decayed plant material, creating a
closed life cycle. All materials are thus preserved in this closed system. Addition of
more biomass will increase the space and size diversity of the bioreactor, which in
turn increases the production capacity. The existence and performance of this
bioreactor have been confirmed by the results of field observation. Production
capacity can increase in a power of three of the increase in bioreactor diameter,
without any fertilizing. The first step to intensification of plant biomass production
process is the investigation on the unique transport phenomena occuring in micro
space of plant residue.
Keywords: plant bioreactor, reactor model design, plant productivity.
28

F30
Application of Chemical Engineering Concepts in Modern

Agriculture
Part 2: Plant Bioreactor as a Basis for Integrated Productive
Agriculture
Mubiar Purwasasmita1,*, Angga Dwiartama2, Daniel Pramudita1
1
2
School of Life Sciences and Technology,
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: mubiar@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
The growth of civilization has come in transition from agriculture to industry.
Humans have now sensed the necessity to adopt biological principles to industrial
practices, not only to reduce increasing investment costs, but to guarantee the
sustainability of the process both in natural and biological senses. More productive
agriculture can emerge with the integration between industrial and farming activities.
Agro-industry needs to be designed in a holistic manner that includes the complex
multiscale ecosystem involved, from plant, to farm, and finally to the industrial
ecosystems. A concept of plant bioreactor as a basis for an integrative productive
agriculture is proposed. Plant bioreactor is a processing tool by which plant biomass
and nutrients are produced independently in a close-system through production on
demand mechanism. It offers productivity increase far higher than that of organic
farming, while at the same time helps reduce the costs and energy needs for fertilising,
submersing and waste removal, through the utilisation of the decayed plant biomass.
The needs for various substances of a plant can be fulfilled by other different plant
biomasses, and thus the system can work at its best when polyculture farming is
employed. This opens up opportunities for a new paradigm where significant increase
in productivity and environmental and social benefits are considered equal. The
proposed concept can help humans deal with the fact that our needs are increasing
while resource availability is depleting.
Keywords: integrated agricultural industry, plant bioreactor, plant productivity,
multi-scale agricultural production system.
29

E01
Bioremediation by Bacillus cereus and Indigenous Bacteria

from Petroleum Contaminated Soil
M. A. Nogo Ole a*, A. Tuhuloula b, and S.R. Juliastuti c
a
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
b
c
Corresponding Authors E-mail: julizainul@gmail.com
Abstract
Land contamination by petroleum exploration, production and discharge of waste
causing serious damage to the ecosystem of the environment, human and animal.
Biodegradation (bioremediation) processes have difficulty focused due to the
complexity of the hydrocarbons that was adsorbed by the soil. The objective of this
research was to determine the efficiency of bioremediation as a function of bacterial
concentration. A method that was developed in bioremediation of petroleumcontaminated soil in addition to in-situ bioremediation was the ex-situ bioremediation
with slurry phase bioreactor. The mixture of soil and water were fed in the
bioreactor.The aerobic bacteria used in biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and
xylene (BTX) process was Bacillus cereus.The variables that would be measured
were BTX concentration, bacterial population and operating conditions (temperature,
pH and dissolved oxygen). Residues of petroleum hydrocarbon (BTX) were
measured by gas chromatography method. Process was identified during 49 days in
4 bioreactors. One without addition of bacteria and three bioreactors with addition of
12,5% (v/v), 15% (v/v) and 17,5% (v/v) Bacillus cereus bacteria. The bioreactors
were agitated and aerated during bioremediation process.
After 49 days,this research resulted in total degradation of BTX in reactor A reached
87,94%; reactor B 91,61%; reactor C 93,38%; and the reactor D 95,62%.
Keywords: Bacillus cereus; bioremediation; Benzene; Toluene; Xylene; slurry
bioreactor
30

E02
Comparison of Fixed Bed and Fluidized Bed Reactors with

Natural Zeolite/Bentonite as Microbial Immobilization Media
for Anaerobic Digestion of Stillage
Wiratni Budhijantoa*, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyoa , Kunthi Widhyasihb, and Wivina Diah
Ivontiantia
a
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
b
LPP Polytechnic, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
Abstract
Stillage is the liquid waste from bioethanol distillation columns which is
emitted as much as 15-20 times of the bioethanol volume. Anaerobic digestion is an
attractive solution for treating stillage to meet environment regulation while also
producing renewable energy. The problem associated with anaerobic digestion of
stillage is the long residence time. With the high organic loading rate, conventional
stirred tank reactor needs extremely huge volume. It is hence necessary to design an
efficient reactor for reducing the hydraulic residence time while maximizing biogas
production rate.
This study compared fixed bed and fluidized bed reactors operated with
natural zeolite/bentonite microbial immobilization media. The performance of both
reactors was observed during start-up and steady state phases. In the start-up, the
biofilm was still growing on the solid media. Consequently, all dependent variables
(microbial and substrate concentrations along with biogas production) were functions
of time. When the reactors have reached their steady state, all dependent variables
were constant.
The reactors performance was affected by interconnected factors that made
it difficult to objectively conclude based on visual comparison of reactors dependent
variables. Hence, in this study, reactor data were evaluated by comparing the
experimental data and the simulation from the mathematical model. The
mathematical simulation represented the standard of ideal anaerobic reactors. By
comparing the experimental data at various hydraulic residence times from both
reactors to the simulation of the ideal reactor, the performance of fixed bed and
fluidized reactors were then objectively compared.
Keywords: fixed bed reactor; fluidized bed reactor; anaerobic digestion; stillage;
biogas.
31

E03
Technoeconomic and sensitivity analysis of Ricinus Communis

Linn as Non-edible feedstock for future biodiesel production
T.M.I. Mahlia*a,b, M.S. Abu Bakar b ,T.M.I. Riayatsyah c
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering,

Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia.
b
Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam,
Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: tmi.mahlia@amail.com
Abstract
Nowadays the production of biodiesel from non-edible feedstocks are attracting more
attention than in the past. One of the potential candidate is Ricinus Communis Linn.
Ricinus Communis Linn is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family
Euphorbiaceae. Its content vegetable oil and non-edible. Ricinus Communis Linn is
southeastern Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Africa, and India, but is widespread
throughout tropical regions. The seeds were found to contain a high percentage of oil.
Based on experimental evidence Ricinus Communis Linn seeds can be used as
feedstock for biodiesel production. This study assesses techno-economic and
sensitivity analysis of biodiesel production from Ricinus Communis Linn as potential
feedstock for biodiesel. The calculation of life cycle cost will be conducted for a 50
ktons Ricinus Communis Linn biodiesel production plant with an operating period of
20 years. The payback period will also calculated in this study. The largest share
usually is the feedstock cost which accounts for more than 50% of total production
cost. The sensitivity analysis will be calculated in order to indicate that the variation
in feedstock price that will significantly affect the life cycle cost for biodiesel
production. One of the most important factors in this study is that to identify biodiesel
price to make it compatible with diesel fuel when a fiscal incentive and subsidy policy
are implemented.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Non-edible oil; Ricinus Communis Linn; Life Cycle Cost;
Biofuel Economy
32

E05
Effect of Chemical and Physical Forces on Hydrophilication

Proces of Mesoporous Carbon as Economical Solid Desiccant
in Biogas Purification
Dian Rahmawati 1a*, Ghea Stellarosari 2a, and Fadlilatul Taufany 3b
a

b
c
Corresponding Authors E-mail: dianrahmawati12@yahoo.com
Abstract
Biogas is a renewable energy that produced from fermentation of organic compound.
To acquire the GPSA standart specification, one of the process that needed is
dehydration process to reduce water vapor (H2O) content using solid desiccant based
on silica gel. But unfortunately, the process of solid desiccant based on silica gel
synthesis is depend on supercritical technology with high cost. It is encourage
researcher to develope carbon material coating with silica that can be ussed as
hydrophilic solid desiccant.
To produce hybrid material of carbon-silica, this research is divided into four steps.
First, gas pretreatment process to clean the pores of carbon. Second, hidrophilication
process with contacting carbon mesoporous with sodium silicate solution with
addition of poly etylene glikol ester surfactant as external chemical force. In this step
is also use variable of concentration that is 0,1 ; 0,5 ; 1 % wt and mixing time that is
5 ,7, and 9 hour. Third, do the characterization of material using iodine number
analizis, FTIR, and SEM EDX to know the character of hybrid carbon-silica material
that formed. Last step is do the test of the best material to used as solid desiccant in
biogas dehydration process.
This research shows that the higher concentration, the better result of material. The
best results with PEG Ester with 1% of concentration with 21.12% adsorption
capacity. The longer the stirring time, the better the results obtained, the best results
are obtained PEG Ester 0,5% with stirring for 9 hours with adsorption capacity of
22.25%.
Keywords : Hybrid of carbon-silica , hydrophilication, carbon mesoporous, silica,
biogas dehydration
33

E06
Selective conversion to aromitics from various C1-3 feedstocks

on core-shell zeolite composites
Norikazu Nishiyama
Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka
University
1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
Corresponding Authors E-mail: nisiyama@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Development of new catalysts with high activity and selectivity is a key technology
for the future chemical and petrochemical industry to reduce energy consumption. In
the future society, biomass and natural gas including shale gas will play an important
role as energy and material sources. So far, conversions of light hydrocarbons (C 1-3
feedstocks) to aromatics using solid catalysts have been widely studied.
Espesially, p-xylene is a valuable aromatic compound in chemical industries because
it is the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate. Zeolites are known to be shape
selective catalysts. However, the shape selectivity has not been maximized even in
the diffusion control region because acid sites are present not only inside but also
outside the crystals. Even though p-xylene diffuses out of the crystals, isomerization
from p-xylene to m- and o-xylenes takes place on the external surface. Consequently,
the actual p-xylene selectivity decreases to the thermodynamical equilibrium values
in the worst case. The objective of this study is to overcome the trade-off relation
between selectivity and conversion by a modification of the external surfaces with an
inactive silicalite layer.
In this study, silicalite layers were grown on the surface of ZSM-5 catalysts by a
crystal overgrowth under hydrothermal conditions. The composite catalysts showed
high catalytic activity and excellent selectivity to p-xylene from C1-3 feedstocks like
methanol (MeOH), dimethylether (DME), ethanol (EtOH), ehylene and acetone. The
silicalite crystals were epitaxially grown on the surface of the ZSM-5 crystals. The
pores of silicalite must be directly connected to the pores of ZSM-5. As a result, the
composite catalyst showed a high conversion with high para-xylene selectivity.
Keywords: Zeolite; ZSM-5; Core-Shell; Solid acid catalyst; p-xylene
The author would like to acknowledge that this work was supported by JSTCREST.
34

E07
Thermal catalytic decarboxylation of Mg-Zn basic soap to

produce drop-in fuels in diesel boiling ranges.
Godlief F. Neonufaab*, Meiti Pratiwia, Tatang H. Soerawidjajaa and Tirto Prakosoa
a

b
Department of Agriculture Product Technology
Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana, Kupang 85000 Indonesia
*
Corresponding Authors E-mail: siuk_nnf@yahoo.com
Abstract
Fatty acid deoxygenation is a method for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels
such as green diesel, jet biofuel and biogasoline. In the present commercial method,
deoxygenation is directly applied to vegetable oils through liquid phase
hydrotreatment. This method is expensive because it consumes a lot of hydrogen and
requires severe operating conditions. The objective of this study was to produce
alkane biohydrocarbons that can be considered to be drop-in replacements for
petroleum-based fuels components, by catalytic thermal decarboxylation of Mg-Zn
basic soap. Specifically, this study investigated the decarboxylation of the basic soap
at mild operating conditions without external supply of hydrogen. The Mg-Zn basic
soap (9/1 mol ratio of Mg/Zn) was derived from palm stearin and decarboxylated for
3 hours at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 250 to 350 oC. The basic
soap effectively decarboxylated yielding a diesel-type biohydrocarbons, with a liquid
product yield of 62%-weight. The resulting hydrocarbon product is a complex
mixture consisting of normal paraffins in the range of carbon chain length C 8 - C20,
iso- and cyclo-paraffins and the various olefin products.
Keywords: catalytic thermal decarboxylation, alkaline soap, metal combination,

drop-in fuel, green diesel.
35

E08
Landfill Leachate Digestion Using Single Stage Anaerobic

Fluidized Bed Bioreactor with Natural Zeolite Powder as
Microbial Immobilization Medium
Dody Guntamaa, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyoa,b , and Wiratni Budhijantoa,b*
a

b
Center for Energy Studies
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) accumulates leachate in landfill sites as the result of
percolation by rain and also the water content in the MSW itself. Through anaerobic
digestion, landfill leachate was treated to reduce the polllutant (represented by
chemical oxygen demand/COD) while also producing biogas. To improve the COD
removal efficiency, anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) is an interesting option
because it is suitable for high organic loading liquid waste to be treated in much
shorter hydraulic residence time.
To anticipate typical problems associated with the continuous bioprocess, such as
wash out and inhibitors presence in the feedstock, natural zeolite was added as
microbial immobilization medium. In the AFBR, biofilm was grown on the surface
of the fluidized zeolite powder.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydraulic residence time (HRT) on the
AFBR performance. Mathematical model was used for simulation of the AFBR ideal
performance to be the reference to compare the AFBR performance at various HRT.
Comparison was conducted in start up period and steady state period as well by
omparing the main process parameters, which were the time trajectories of soluble
chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and biogas (as CH4).
This study conclude that for the case of landfill leachate from Piyungan Landfill Site
(Yogyakarta), the optimum HRT for single stage continuous anaerobic digester was
between 5-10 days. The sCOD removal efficiency was 46 65% which was followed
by the rate of biogas production 2,500 mL/day (equivalent to 78 mL/g sCOD) with
methane purity ranged between 40.1 58.5%.
Keywords: landfill leachate: anaerobic
immobilization medium; natural zeolite
fluidized
bed
reactor;
biogas;
36

E10
A Case Study of Propane Sub-cooling System Optimization to

Prevent Excessive BOG Flaring during LPG Loading
in Bontang LNG Plant
Dharmawan, R. S.a*
a
Technical Department
PT Badak NGL, Bontang 75324 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: robbysukma@badaklng.co.id
Abstract
PT Badak NGL is one of the leading LNG companies in the world which having the
capability to produce the maximum of 22.5 MTPA LNG and 1 MTPA LPG. PT
Badak NGL is currently facing a very difficult situation on declining gas supply trend
after being operated for almost 40 years in the most excellent practice. One of the
recent critical problems occurred in PT Badak NGL was inefficient propane subcooling process operation related to LPG propane storing and loading. The LPG
Refrigeration Plant (Plant 15), which originally has an important role in cooling LPG
propane product from 49oC to -49oC using MCR (multi-component refrigerant), was
being operated in a very inefficient way because of extremely low feed. Therefore,
PT Badak NGL decided to put Plant 15 in offline mode. However, this condition
caused excessive BOG generation (hot propane product) which further resulted in
hydrocarbon losses through flaring due to over-pressurized tank during LPG loading
period. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the propane sub-cooling system
optimization to gently substitute Plant 15 role in cooling propane product and
preventing excessive BOG flaring. Several optimization strategies are
comprehensively covered in the study and the best was selected. As the result, the
implementation of selected strategy could effectively chill propane product from
49oC to -30oC (warmer propane product) without Plant 15 utilization. In conclusion,
the strategy emerges power saving and prevents excessive BOG flaring which equals
to 1.42 million USD/year cost saving in total.
Keywords: Propane; Refrigeration; Gas declining; Recovery; Flaring;
Optimization
37

E11
Reducing Energy Consumption and CO2 emission by Wet

Sulfuric Acid Process for Utilization of Acid Gas Separated
from Senoro Gas Plant
Fanda Kurniawan a*
a
Field Department of Senoro Central Processing Plant

JOB Pertamina - Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi, Banggai 94762 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: fanda.kurniawan@job-tomori.com
Abstract
In this paper, a proposed process for the utilization of hydrogen sulphide separated
with other gases from Senoro gas plant for the production of sulphuric acid by wet
sulphuric acid (WSA) process was studied. Feed gas which is produced by Indonesia
Senoro gas plant operated by Joint Operating Body Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori
Sulawesi (JOB PMTS) contains high concentration acid gas (5% mole CO2 and 500
ppmv H2S). The acid gas has to be removed by reducing concentration of CO 2 and
H2S to be accordance with predetermined specification. The sweet gas products
specification are <5% mole CO2 and <4 ppm H2S respectively. The acid gas
conversion unit will convert H2S into H2SO4(l) as a product. This conversion process
is performed using WSA process technology.
WSA is a modern and simple technology, which is able to treat practically every
sulphur offgas and produced valuable product, concentrated sulphuric acid and high
pressure steam. The steam is routed to Steam Turbine Generator (STG) to generate
electricity and provide addition power supply in gas plant, STG utilization replace
current gas turbine generator as main supply power in Senoro gas plant and will
reduce overall fuel gas consumption in plant.
The result application of WSA process in senoro gas plant to reduce energy
consumption approximately 33% of annual energy reduction in power generation unit
and CO2 emission reduction associated with 11-14% are projected to result compared
to the base scenario (without WSA process operated)
Keywords: Acid Gas; WSA ;Sulphuric Acid Production; Energy Efficiency ; CO2
Emision Reduction
38

E12
Effect of Solvents on Lipolytic Activity of Rice Bran Extract

Powder
A.N. Istyami*, T.H. Soerawidjaja, and T. Prakoso
Corresponding Authors E-mail: anistyami@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Plant seed lipase utilization is a valuable technology for food, chemical, even biofuel
industry. The most popular method in utilizing plant seed lipase is preparation of
extract powder. This method is done by mixing ground plant seeds with cold solvents
and filtering the residue. The most frequent used solvent for preparation of lipase
extract powder is acetone, thus the lipase residue is also known as acetone powder.
The aim of this work is to verify the effect of solvents on lipolytic activity of rice
bran lipase extract powder. Solvents used in this work are benzene, chloroform,
methanol, ethanol, acetone, and hexane. Results showed that extract powder prepared
with chloroform gives highest lipolytic activity of rice bran extract powder, i.e. more
than 2 times higher than extract powder prepared with acetone. Analysis of solvent
effects in this work includes aspects of diffusivity and solubility of rice bran oil into
solvents.
Keywords: Lipase; Lipolysis; Rice bran; Extract powder; Acetone powder
39

E14
Phenomenological Modeling of a Trickle-bed Reactor for

Production of Renewable Diesel
Yuswan Muharam* and Osman Abhimata Nugraha
Abstract
The research aims to find out the effect of the feed temperature and the inlet gaseous
hydrogen velocity on the triglyceride conversion as well as the production rate and
the purity of renewable diesel in a high pressure multitubular trickle-bed reactor from
triglyceride. To achieve the aim, modeling and simulation of the reactor were
performed. Phenomenological model of single tube of the reactor was developed
taking into account species mass balance, energy balance and momentum balance
with Darcy law approach of gas and liquid phases. Reactions occur on a spherical
Ni/Mo/P/Al2O3 catalyst with the diameter being 1.6 mm. The reactor tube has 10 m
length and 0.1 m diameter. Triglyceride in the feed is diluted in diesel at a
concentration of 10% to prevent catalyst deactivation. The simulation results
demonstrate that the highest purity of C 17 and C18 product is 98.68% with the
triglycerides conversion being 99.74%. The production rate, however, is only 16.55
kg/day. This performance happens under the feed temperature of 425 oC and the
hydrogen velocity of 0.01 m/s. The highest production rate of 77.12 kg/day is
achieved under the feed temperature of 375 oC and the hydrogen velocity of 0.07 m/s.
Under this condition, the purity of C17 and C18 product is 94.75% and the triglycerides
conversion is 68.85%.
Keywords: Renewable diesel; Triglyceride, Trickle-bed reactor, modeling
40

E16
Urban Energy Scenario: A Case Of Kathmandu Valley

Maria E. I. Shresthaa,c, Junun Sartohadia, M. Kholid Ridwanb, Dyah R. Hizbaron a
a
b
Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
c
Kathmandu College of Management, Kathmandu, Nepal
Corresponding Authors E-mail: indra@kcm.edu.np
Abstract
The rapid urbanization in Kathmandu Valley has made it as one of the fastest growing
metropolitan cities in South Asia, resulting in the need of additional facilities and
infrastructure. Energy crisis is one issue to be addressed. Being highly dependent on
imported fossil fuel and sluggish development of hydropower for electricity
generation are two major causes to be blamed for the energy crisis in Nepal.
This study was intended to investigate the possible strategies to be implemented in
Kathmandu Valley to deal with the discrepancy in energy demand and supply.
Several scenarios have been developed and analyzed using LEAP software.
Secondary data on interview of experts, policy makers and other stakeholders is also
used to support the findings. The Comprehensive scenario which is inherited from all
other developed scenarios is superior among others. It reduces the energy demand by
32.36%, the GHG emission by 44.12% and the social cost by 33.79%.
Comprehensive scenario means that Kathmandu Valley authority will support the
installation of photovoltaic solar panel, the use of electric vehicles and electric
cookers, and converting solid waste into energy. However, EC scenario (Electric
Vehicles) is the one to be given priority in the implementation for its better
performance than other individual scenarios.
Keywords: energy scenario, urban energy, energy demand, GHG emission, social
cost
41

E18
An Overview: Geothermal Power Plant Tender Process in

Indonesia
Ajie, R. Fuad Satrio 1a, Edi, Hilman Prasetya 2b*
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering

b
Corresponding Authors E-mail: prasetya.hilman@gmail.com
Abstract
To meet increasing electricity demand (between 7% and 9% per annum)
Indonesia needs to invest $4-$5bn per annum in power generation and
transmission (Smith, 2012). Quiet apart from the ecological impact of investment in
coal fired power stations, to avoid a trade debt crisis from oil and gas imports,
Indonesia must diversify its energy sources (International Energy Agency, 2008).
With 40% of world geothermal potential for power generation, this would appear to
be another source for Indonesias energy diversification.
The Government of Indonesia plans to achieve around 6000 MW of installed
geothermal power capacity by 2020 as written in Indonesias Energy Mix plan for
2025.A review of statistical data shows that Indonesias geothermal installed capacity
in 2016 is 1396 MW, only 4,8% of The Nations unproven goehtermal which reach
around 29GW. To develop a geothermal field, a long process of geothermal
development stage, starting from preliminary survey, exploration, feasibility study,
exploratory drilling, up until exploitation has to be performed. The preliminary
survey, exploration, feasibility study, and exploitation stage usually become the scope
of energy development company (Owner), such as Pertamina Geothermal Energy,
Star Energy, Supreme Energy, and etc., as for the plant construction stage from basic
design until plant hand over will be completed by EPC Company (Engineering,
Procurement, and Construction). As an engineer who works in EPC industry, to
design a well performing geothermal plant that comply to the requirements, a
comprehensive understanding of the tender process has become a primary necessity.
This paper provides an overview for the geothermal power plant tender process from
prequalification until contract signing. The bid preparation process is presented.
Various aspects that related with the strategy to produce a competitive bid are also
described.
Keywords: Energy ; EPC ; Geothermal Power Plant ; Tender Process
42

E20
Bridging Research and Action toward Low Carbon Society:

Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness of Social Monitoring
System in Bogor, Indonesia
Shuichi Ashinaa*, Kei Gomia, Kengo Aizawaa, Minoru Fujiia, Tsuyoshi Fujitaa, Kenji
Uchidab, Norio Yabeb,
Muhammad Ardiansyah c, and Rizaldi Boer c
a
Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506,
Japan
b
Fujitsu Limited, Shiodome City Center, Higashi Shimbashi 1-5-2, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1057123, Japan
c
Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asia Pasific (CCROMSEAP),
Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16143 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: ashina.shuichi@nies.go.jp
Abstract
After the COP21, the world recognizes importance of transition to Low Carbon
Society (LCS), and many countries and municipalities have been formulated their
own scenarios toward LCS. The LCS actions will take place in every sectors in the
society, however, there is no mechanisms for evaluating progress of actions and
actual amount of reduction by actions.
The purpose of this study is to assess effectiveness of a social monitoring system
installed in Bogor, Indonesia. The social monitoring is a holistic system for checking
progress toward Low Carbon Society, and it consists series of data collection system
involving energy use monitors for residential, commercial and industries, transport
monitoring, greenhouse gas inventories, land use maps, demographic situations and
so on.
As a preliminary experimental study, we have set up energy use monitors for
residential and commercial sectors in Bogor. A 164 unit of electricity sensors has
been installed and it monitors electricity consumption, voltage, current and power
factors in every minutes. The monitored data clearly shows large differences among
monitoring sites. For example, in the shopping mall, electricity consumption in
daytime is approximately 8 times larger than that in night time. Air conditioners
(ACs) are main source of electricity consumption in the hotel and cafe, in contrast,
electricity consumption by ACs is in the same range of lighting and appliances like
PCs in offices. In addition to these analysis, statistical analysis of monitored data has
been carried out, and the results clearly show the differences of energy consumption
characteristics among sites.
Keywords: Energy; Social Monitoring; Low Carbon Society; Statistical Analysis;
Climate Change
43

E22
Novel Operation Method of Dynamic Pd/Al2O3 Membrane to

Improve H2 Permeability Performance
Yogi Wibisono Budhi*,1, Widi Suganda1, Hans Kristian Irawan 1, Pramujo Widiatmoko1,
Manabu Miyamoto3, Norikazu Nishiyama2, and Shigeyuki Uemiya3
1

2
Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science
Osaka University, Japan
3
Department of Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering
Gifu University, Japan
Corresponding Authors E-mail: Y.Wibisono@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Hydrogen is one of alternative energy, which might be produced by converting
natural gas, coal, or biomass. To enrich hydrogen concentration, water gas shift
reactor and hydrogen separation units are typically needed to produce high purity
hydrogen. Process intensification offers a new method to combine those unit
operations into a palladium based membrane reactor. Palladium membrane is very
selective to separate hydrogen, but its performance decreases due to existence of N 2,
CO, CO2, NHx, and H2O.
The purpose of this research was to investigate hydrogen separation from H 2/N2
(50/50 %v/v) using Pd/Al2O3 membranes operated under steady state and forced
unsteady state operation (FUSO). The steady state operation was used as a base case
for comparison to FUSO. The variations included the switching time, feed flow
amplitude, and feed pattern shape (normal and dispersed square wave). The
recovery of hydrogen and time lag were parameters to be considered to judge the
membrane performance.
The recovery of hydrogen at steady state operation was lower when compared to
FUSO. It was also observed that the recovery decreased slowly over time which
was caused by membrane deactivation. Meanwhile, FUSO could increase the
hydrogen recovery and reduce the time lag. The switching time of 30 s indicated the
sliding regime and yielded the shorthest time lag; while the switching time of 34 s
represented the dynamic regime and had the stable oscillation and highest hydrogen
recovery. The switching time of 300 s showed the quasy steady state and had the
highest H2 recovery. Meanwhile, high hydrogen recovery was obtained when the
feed flow rate amplitude is small. In addition, the square wave form of the feed gave
better hydrogen recovery.
Keywords: energy, membrane, hydrogen, unsteady state, composition modulation,

44

E26
Volumetric Flexibility Analysis on Membrane Module Design

and Operability
Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adia*, and Rosalia Laxmidewib
a

National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R. O. C.)
b
Independent scholar
Taichung City 402 Taiwan (R. O. C.)
Corresponding Authors E-mail: vska@live.com
Abstract
Given the recent advances in membranes for energy efficient separation in general,
most of the works are mainly focused on the development of membrane material
while the operability of the membrane modules is often ignored. It is well known that
process uncertainty factor is inevitable and it is inherent in every realistic operation.
A bad design, when operated under uncertainty, may perform terribly and lead to
inefficient energy consumption. Therefore, this paper investigates the operability of
membrane modules under process uncertainty according to one of the process
operability criteria, its process flexibility. To implement such measure, a nonlinear
programming (NLP) is first developed to mimic the membrane module performance.
The NLP model integrates the membrane modules and the classical solution-diffusion
transport models for the description of the permeate flux and the rejection coefficients.
The recently developed volumetric flexibility index (FI v) is then adopted to compute
the system flexibility. The FIv of a chemical system can be viewed geometrically as
the ratio between the hypervolume of feasible region and that of a hypercube bounded
by the expected upper and lower limits of uncertain process parameters. In-house
membrane parameters are assumed and a binary system of heptane and hexadecane
is taken as an example to mimic the multicomponent environment of a feed stream
while simplifying the analysis. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the
proposed flexibility analysis for membrane module and provides insights for
membrane module design and operability.
Keywords: Volumetric Flexibility Analysis; Membrane Module; Process
Uncertainty; Operability; System Flexibility
45

E27
Performance Evaluation of Reactive Distillation for Ethyl

Acetate Synthesis with PI Controller by Using Real Time
Optimization
Renanto Handogoa*, Desy Ayu Prihandinia, and Indriati Dewia
a

Institut TeknologiSepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: renanto@chem-eng.its.ac.id
Abstract
Ethyl acetate is a product of the esterification of ethanol and acetic acid with water as
by product. Azeotropic system is formed from the mixture of four components.
Therefore high purity of ethyl acetate is difficult to obtain. Reactive distillation
column configuration that combines reaction and separation processes are proven to
overcome the problem. Simulation of reactive distillation column for the synthesis of
ethyl acetate was carried out using software Aspen Plus TM. The system consists of a
reactive distillation column, decanter and a stripper column. PI controllers are used
to maintain product purity at a value 99%. To evaluate the performance of the
controller, the system experienced changes in feed flow rate of+ 20% ethanol stream.
It takes 7 hours for the systems to reach its set point. Real Time Optimization is an
effective approach to evaluate reactive distillation systems by modifying the
operating conditions to obtain maximum benefit. The results showed that after going
through the optimization process using a Real Time Optimization in software Aspen
Plus Dynamics , the reboiler duty of reactive distillation section decreases by 6% and
for the stripper column decreases by 0.27% with a product purity which increases to
99.54% from the beginning of 99%.
Keywords: Ethyl Acetate; Reboiler Duty; PI controller; Real Time Optimization
46

E28
Polysulfone/SAPO-44 zeolite mixed matrix membrane for

CO2 gas separation: Effect of silane modification
N.N.R. Ahmada, S.Y. Nga, C.P. Leoa*, A.W. Mohamadb and A.L. Ahmada
a
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300,

Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
b
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Department of Chemical
and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
The use of polymeric membrane for CO2 removal in biogas upgrading process faces
the trade-off limitation in terms of permeability and selectivity. Mixed matrix
membrane (MMM) concept which combines inorganic filler and polymeric
membrane has been introduced to overcome this shortcoming. In this work, CO 2
selective zeolite namely SAPO-44 has been incorporated into polysulfone membrane.
However, the poor compatibility between the zeolite and polymeric matrix has led to
voids formation at the filler/polymer interface which reduces the gas separation
performance. Modification of inorganic fillers is one of the alternatives that can be
done to enhance the filler/polymer interfacial adhesion and improve the membrane
performace. Three types of silane, i.e: (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES), (3aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane
(APTMS)
and
(3-aminopropyl)methyldiethoxysilane (APMDES) were used to modify SAPO-44 zeolite prior to
embedment in the polysulfone membrane. Successful grafting of silane onto SAPO44 zeolite has been confirmed by the changes in FTIR spectra. Membrane
performance was investigated using pure gas permeation tests which involve CO 2,
CH4 and N2 gases. The best membrane gas performance was obtained using APTMSmodified SAPO-44 which exhibited CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 improvement about 540 %
and 404 % respectively as compared to the unmodified membrane. The modification
using APTMS not only reduces the filler agglomeration, but also improves the SAPO44 dispersion in the polysulfone membrane.
Keywords:Mixed matrix membrane; CO2 separation ; Zeolite; Silane modification
47

E30
The Effects of the Bore Fluid Concentration and the Pore

Forming Additive on the Hollow Fiber Structure for
Membrane Gas Absorption
Nor Aini Ahmadab, Leo Choe Peng a*, Abdul Latif Ahmad a and Kang Lib
a
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300

Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
b
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom.
Abstract
The effects of bore fluid concentration and pore forming additive on the
characteristics of polyvinylidene uoride (PVDF) hollow fibers were studied in this
work. The wet spinning technique was applied in membrane fabrication. The
concentration of bore fluid, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in water was varied (60
wt%, 70 wt% and 80 wt%) during membrane synthesis. In addition, two different
dope polymer solutions were prepared; namely pure polymer and polymer with nonsolvent additive lithium chloride (LiCl) were spun using the varied concentration of
NMP in water. The membrane samples were rinsed in distilled water for 3 days to
remove the residual chemical. They were further treated with ethanol for overnight
to prevent membrane shrinkage during drying process. The membrane characteristics
were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), goniometer and
porometer. The analysis confirmed that a high concentration of NMP in bore fluid
could delay the phase inversion process on the bore side and aided the formation of
skinless layer with macroporous structure. Hence, the membrane mass transfer
resistance was greatly reduced. On top of that, the additional of LiCl as non-solvent
additives caused the formation finger-like pores on the spongy structure. The fingerlike pores usually enhance the mass transfer through membrane. Meanwhile, the
spongy structure provides extra mechanical feature with satisfactory wetting stability
due to low mean pore size.
Keywords:PVDF; LiCl ; CO2; membrane gas absorption.
48

E31
Evaluation of Biogas Digester Application from Kitchen

Waste in Bandung City
Elisabeth Rianawati 1a,b*, and Enri Damanhuri 2b
a
Resilience Development Initiative

Bandung 40135 Indonesia
b
Department of Environmental Engineering
Corresponding Authors E-mail: elisabeth.rianawati@rdi.or.id
Abstract
The municipality of Bandung has recently implemented at least 250 biogas digesters
of household scale to improve the waste management. Although there is a plan to
escalate the biogas digester implementation to a bigger scale of 1,000 units, there has
been no evaluation of the current implementation. This paper aims to present the
current progress of the biogas digester program in Bandung City. This paper will
collect secondary data from the Environmental Management Agency of Bandung
City, conduct interviews with the community that applied the biogas digester and
field survey to see the effectiveness of the digester. The parameters evaluated in this
study are the frequency, volume and character of input into the biogas digesters, the
biogas production, and the utilization of the effluent. In conclusion, this paper will
try to correlate between the input of biogas digester and the biogas production. Finally,
several recommendations are offered to increase the biogas production.
Keywords: Kitchen waste, Biogas digester, Fertilizer, Biogas production
49

E34
Biosolublization of Indonesian Lignite Coal using

Trichoderma asperellum
Dwiwahju Sasongko1, Elvi Restiawaty2,3,*, Fardhila Rochman1, Martha Gamal1
1
2
Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology

Bioengineering Study Program, School of Life Sciences and Technology
3
Biosiences and Biotechnology Research Center
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: erestiawaty@sith.itb.ac.id
Abstract
An experimental study has been made to investigate the performance of Trichoderma
asperellum, a fungus, in liquefying lignite. The study focused on the effects of lignite
particle size and carbon sources on the yield of the liquefied lignite in a submerged
fermentation. The process which has been known as biosolubilization is expected to
produce liquid fuel as a cleaner alternative energy source compared to initial coal
solid fuel. It was observed that lignite biosolubilization using T. asperellum promotes
lignite depolymerization indicated by the formation of humic acid and fulvic acid,
analyzed by spectrophotometer at the wave lengths of 450 nm and 360 nm,
respectively. Variation in lignite particle size between -40/+60 and -6/+12 mesh
showed no significant difference in the formation of both humic and fulvic acids.
Based on the yield of humic acid, sucrose gave the highest average rate of
biosolubilization compared to fructose and glucose. Mass of liquefied coal was
determined by difference in fixed carbon and volatile matter contents obtained from
proximate analysis of lignite before and after fermentation. The findings suggested
that the highest yield of liquefied coal was obtained from glucose fermentation and
coal particle size of -30/+ 40 mesh. After fermentation in 30 days the yield of
liquefied coal reached 83.6% g/glignite. Furthermore, results of GC-MS showed the
liquefied coal contains hydrocarbons C6 and C7, which are equivalent to the
petroleum products, namely gasoline.
Keywords: biosolubilization, lignite,
fermentation, alternative energy
Trichoderma
asperellum,
submerged
50

E35
Waste Treatment and Utilization in Indonesian Palm Oil

Industries
Udin Hasanudin1, Julfi Restu Amelia1, Agus Haryanto 2, Murakami Ryo3, Koichi Fujie3
1)
Agro-industrial Technology Department, The University of Lampung. Soemantri

Brojonegoro Rd. # 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia.
2)
Agricultural Engineering Department, The University of Lampung. Soemantri
Brojonegoro Rd. # 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia.
3)
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National
University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, JAPAN
Abstract
Sustainability is important issue in Indonesian Palm Oil Industries. Palm Oil Mill
Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are main waste from palm oil mill.
The treatment and utilization of POME and EFB in Indonesian palm oil mills have
several methods. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the impact of
commons practices and some proposed method of POME and EFB treatment and
utilization to the sustainability of Indonesian palm oil industries. The greenhouse
gases (GHG) emission, water pollution, soil microbial diversity, renewable energy
production, and fresh fruit bunches (FFB) productivity were used as sustainability
indicators. Methane capture together with anaerobic composting is the best propose
method to increase the sustainability of palm oil industries which is located close to
the electricity grid. Co-composting of EFB and POME is good for improving the
sustainability of palm oil industries which is located far from the electricity grid.
Treated POME and compost application increasing the numbers of microorganism in
the soil of oil palm plantation followed by increasing FFB production. The higher
renewable energy production was achieved through methane capture together with
anaerobic composting. All of the common and propose method were successfully to
reduce the potential of water pollution caused by palm oil mill significantly.
51

E38
Co-Gasification Of Coal And Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch:

Product Distributions
Siti Zullaikah a,*,Asep Saiful Bihara, and Faridl Hidayatullah a
a

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111
Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: szulle@chem-eng.its.ac.id
Abstract
Gasification of combined low rank coal and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was
done in an effort to mitigate the production of greenhouse gases from gasification
systems. Therefore, co-gasification has the potential to reduce the net carbon footprint
of commercial gasification operations. In this work, the effects of coal/EFB cofeeding on product distribution will be investigated systematically. Low rank coal
and EFB were gasified in a batch drop tube reactor at T = 900 oC, t = 1 h, and several
feed ratios under CO2 atmosphere. The results showed that yield of gas and tar were
increased with increasing feed ratios of coal and EFB. However, the yield of char was
decreased with increasing feed ratios of coal and EFB. The content of H 2 and CH4
were increased with increasing feed ratios of coal and EFB. Consequently, the highest
content of H2 (11.24 %) and CH4 (14.93 %) was achieved at feed ratios of coal/EFB
of 0/100.
Keywords : Gasification; Co-gasification; Coal; Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch;

Syngas
52

E39
Pyrolysis of metal soaps from mixed metals (Mg-Zn-Cu-FeCr) and candlenut oil
Meiti Pratiwi*, Wahyuni, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, and Tirto Prakoso
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: mei@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
The increase of fuel consumption, the depletion of oil reserves, and the awareness of
the effects of greenhouse gas have stimulated renewable fuelss development and
utilization researches. Vegetable oil have great potential as fossil fuels replacement
because of their major constituents, fatty acids, can be converted into biohydrocarbon.
This conversion can be achieved via pyrolysis of metal soaps, derived from poli
unsaturated fatty acids. Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Cr are the potential metals that can be
used as cations of the metal soaps. The main objectives of this research are to confirm
the hypothesa regarding the effects of metals compositions (Mg-Zn-Cu-Fe-Cr) in
metal soaps to the quality and yield of liquid product from metal soaps pyrolysis, and
also, as prelimenery knowledge to identify the effects of each metals when presence
as constituent of the cations in metal soaps. The metal basic soaps were made of
candlenut oils, which is rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. The molar ratio of bivalen
(Mg-Zn-Cu) and trivalen (Fe-Cr) metals is 9:1. Pyrolysis reaction was held in
atmospheric pressure and temperature variation at 400 and 450 oC. The highest
distillate yield was obtained at the high level of Cu and low level of Zn and Fe. Most
of the liquid distillate have high acid value. The presence of Zn-Cu-Fe increased the
ketone formation. This research also prove that the Cu metal as a hydrogenation
catalyst in the pyrolysis process. From the variable factorial analysis result showed
that Zn metal composition gave highest influence to the distillate product yield.
Keyword : pyrolysis, biohydrocarbon, metal soaps
53

E40
Designing of Oil Drilling Fluid Using Polymer AA-AM-AMPS

A. Z. Abidin a*, N.M.N. Hartasiwi a
a*

Corresponding Authors E-mail: zainal@che.itb.ac.id and mitraiqro@yahoo.com
Abstract
Indonesia oil production has decreased since the beginning of this century.
One of the reason is due to lack of new oil well exploration. The technique used to
elevate the efficiency of exploration drilling is the implementation of drilling mud.
The main objective of this study was to make drilling mud thorough synthesizing
acrylamide based polymer, developing drilling mud formulas, performing
characterization, and analysing drilling mud performances with simulation software.
Drilling mud formulas completed with the final form by addition of polymer and
material filtration controller. Types of drilling mud then generates each of the 3 types
of drilling mud as aluminum citrate, lignite, and lignit sulfonated. The drilling mud
had the maximum density of 15,94 ppg (API standard based on 11-18 ppg. The initial
viscosity value of the operation is set above 1000 mPa.s at rotation speed of 30-60
RPM. Specified maximum filtrate volume of 13,5 mL (standard API). Mud filtrate
had the minimum value at 10,5 mL. Mud cake thickness set to maximum value as no
higher as 2 mm and the lowest final result for 1,70 mm. The ability to maintain
temperature and weight loss stability of the drilling mud composition analyzed by
DSC and TGA. Comparison to the standard drilling mud reported as the less weight
reduction. The simulation software consisted of MudWare and MATLAB.
Simulations conducted to determine the ability to clean the drill hole and the analysis
of drilling mud pump operation, with the acquisition of the results according to the
standard.
Key words: acrylamide based polymer, drilling mud, drilling mud characterization
54

E43
Stability Improvement of Solid Acis Catalysts for the

Conversion of Water-Containing Feedstocks in Bioenergy and
Chemurgy Research
Oki Murazaa,b*
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, bCenter of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King

Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: omuraza@kfupm.edu.sa
Abstract
One of the most common properties of biomass is the significant water content.
In typical biomass upgrading and chemurgy research, the water content contained in
biomass feedstocks creates both opportunities and challenges. The presence of water
in biomass feedstocks, such as in glycerol-water feed, has created problems in
designing stable catalysts [1]. Therefore, there is a quest to design stable catalysts, as
the biomass upgrading normally involves high temperature. The most applied solid
acid catalysts in classical hydrocarbon conversion are zeolites. These porous
materials have been used extensively for industrial petroleum upgrading to chemicals
and fuels due to their shape-selective properties. One of the most challenging tasks to
apply zeolitic catalysts in biomass-to-chemicals is the limited hydrothermal stability
of zeolites in the presence water-containing biomass. In open literature, most of early
studies related to the hydrothermal stability of zeolites under steam environment,
while the number of references dedicated to the stability of zeolites in hot water is
still limited. The size of zeolite pores is important factor for stability issues, as most
of large pore zeolites, such as zeolite Y (FAU) and zeolite beta (BEA), are easily
destroyed in a typical thermal processes. Some years ago, when we started to work
on this stability issue, we selected smaller medium pore zeolites with 10-membered
rings (MR) such as ZSM-22 (TON), ZSM-23 (MTT) [2,3]. The hydrothermal stability
of TON and MTT in hot water was evaluated at different temperatures. In our
laboratory, we investigated different strategies to improve the hydrothermal stability
of zeolite catalysts by (a) surface modification using silanes [4-6], (b) the
incorporation of rare-earth metals, and (c) fabrication of hydrophobic catalysts using
fluoride-assisted synthesis [7].
Keywords: Nanomaterials; Stability; Heterogeneous Catalysis; Biomass

Upgrading.
55

E43
REFERENCES
1. A. Galadima, O. Muraza, A review on glycerol valorization to acrolein over solid acid
catalysts, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, In Press,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.07.019.
2. A.K. Jamil, O. Muraza, R. Osuga, E.N. Shafei, K.H. Choi, Z.H. Yamani, T. Yokoi,
Hydrothermal stability of one-dimensional pore ZSM-22 zeolite in hot water, The Journal
of Physical Chemistry C, Just Accepted, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04980.
3. I.A. Bakare, O. Muraza, T. Kurniawan, Z.H. Yamani, E. Shafei, A. Punetha, K.H. Choi, T.
Yokoi, Hydrothermal stability of MTT zeolite in hot water: the role of La and Ce,
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, In Press.
DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.11.038.
4. U. Khalil, O. Muraza, H. Kondoh, G. Watanabe, Y. Nakasaka, A. Al Amer, T. Masuda.
Robust surface-modified Beta zeolite for selective production of lighter fuels by steamassisted catalytic cracking of heavy oil, Fuel 168 (2016), 6167.
DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.085.
5. U. Khalil, O. Muraza, H. Kondoh, G. Watanabe, Y. Nakasaka, A.M. Al Amer, T. Masuda.
Production of lighter hydrocarbons by steam-assisted catalytic cracking of heavy oil
over silane treated Beta zeolite, Energy & Fuels 30 (2) (2016) 13041309.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02525.
6. U. Khalil, O. Muraza, A.M. Al Amer, Surface modified mordenite catalysts and their
stability in hot liquid water, Advanced Powder Technology, In Press.
doi:10.1016/j.apt.2016.04.035.
7. M. A. Sanhoob, O. Muraza, Synthesis of silicalite-1 using fluoride media under
microwave irradiation, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, In Press. DOI:
10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.01.004.
56

E44
Carbon Characteristic from Hydrothermal Processing of

Cellulosic Oil Palm Biomass
Reza Hendriansyah, Hary Devianto, Isdiriayani Nurdin and Tirto Prakoso*
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: tirto@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Oil Palm plantation and processing is producing huge amount biomass resources in
Indonesia that are not fully utilized as raw material for producing high value added
materials. One of the product that can be made from oil palm biomass is activated
carbon. Activated carbon is carbonaceous material with high porosity and large
surface area. Characteristic of activated carbon with high porosity and good
conductivity makes activated carbon suitable as supercapacitor electrode material.
Activated carbon is prepared by two main steps. The first step is carbonization prior
to activation. The alternative process of carbonization is hydrothermal carbonization
where carbonization process is carried out in presence of water in self generated
pressure reactor instead of pyrolysis process that is operated in higher temperature.
This research is focused on manufacturing of activated carbon from oil palm waste
by hydrothermal carbonization. The effect of carbonization residence time and mass
ratio of raw material and water on the activated carbon during hydrothermal
carbonization are investigated. Surface area analysis shows that produced bio-char
has mesopore of size 8,084 nm, pore volume 0,01171 cm3/gr, and surface area 5,94
m2/gr. Several functional group were observed on the surface of bio-char from Fourier
Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore this bio-char will be activated to
produce activated carbon. The characterization of activated carbon are carried out by
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), surface area
analysis using Brunauere Emmette Teller (BET) method, Fourier Transform InfraRed
(FT-IR), Ultimate and Proximate analysis.
Keywords: activated carbon, cellulosic, hydrothermal, biomass
57

E46
The Effect of Gas Composition in LNG on the Performance of

Gas Engine
Mitra Eviania and Hary Deviantob,*
a
R&D Workgroup for Gas Technology, R&D Center for Oil & Gas Technology,LEMIGAS,
Jakarta, Indonesia
b
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: hardev@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
In the period of five years since 2007, the average national electricity demand growth
of 8.5%. This growth is not balanced with the addition of national generating capacity
grew only an average of 5.2% per year. Additional generating capacity over the next
10 years (period 2016-2025) for the whole of Indonesia is an additional 13.4 GW gas
plant. In the energy mix, gas ranks second highest with a total production of energy
use in 2024 is projected at 95,000 GWH. Utilization of the future pipeline gas will
not grow much and will be replaced with other alternatives such as Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). The portion of LNG has
increased by around 400% for the period 2015-2024.
Indonesia has several LNG suppliers in the country with a relatively much different
compositions; therefore research on the effect of gas composition from LNG
regasification with the same energy on the performance of Gas Engine should be
conducted. Simulation comparison of LNG from various sources is carried out with
a software simulator of mass and energy balance calculation. The amount of heat
transferred from the environment into the LNG storage tank for each MMSCFD
calculated based on simulation results which are generally formed BOG is 0.15% kg
/ kg of LNG per day. The energy required to produce the BOG for each MMSFD with
the same storage conditions, namely the pressure of 0.07 kg / cm2.g and temperature
-165oC on LNGs will be used as the basis for calculation.
The simulation results that LNG total energy and total energy for regasification
process comprising BOG heater, BOG compressor, pump LNG, and LNG vaporizer
as intermediate data to calculate total net energy. In addition to differences in the
amount of energy produced from gas with a specific composition, one of the factors
affecting the operation of the gas engine is Methane Number (MN). MN low value
can lead to increased flame speed, while the higher the value the less likely knocking
occurred in the gas engine. In addition, fluid analysis and the value of fuel and
electrical efficiencies were affected by the methane number. The performance of gas
engine was greatly influenced by the composition of LNG.
Keywords: LNG Composition; Gas Engine; Methane Number; Simulation
58

W01
Identification of Chemical Compounds Degradation Products

of Commercial Malathion Pesticides in Water
Vivien Fathuroyaa*, Sella U. Ha, Harijonoa, Novita Wa
a
Department of Agricultural Product Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology

Brawijaya University, Malang 65145 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: vivien@ub.ac.id
Abstract
Malathion as one of organophosphate pesticides are widely used throughout East Java
and probably contaminating surface and ground water. Contamination occurred due
to use of pesticides commercial brands with no control and excessive. The aim of this
work was to identify chemical compounds of the degradation of commercial
malathion pesticides in water using low-frequency ultrasound by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sample used is 100 ppm of Fyfanon 440 EW contain
440g/l of malathion into 50 ml of aquades. The sample solution was given treatment
using 20 kHz ultrasound for 10 minutes with variation of its amplitude (20%, 30%,
40%). FTIR spectra indicated degradation of chemical bonds of commercial
malathion pesticides. Commercial malathion pesticides was detected because of alkyl
phosphates groups, ester groups, sulfide groups that indicates malathion pesticides.
Furthermore, difference in the FTIR spectrum of untreated and untreated commercial
malathion pesticides by low-frequency ultrasound indicates degradation of the
organic bonds of the pesticides and not found harmful chemical compounds.
Keywords: Chemical Bonds, Pesticides Degradation, Malathion, Ultrasound,
Water
59

W02
Mathematical Modeling to Evaluate the Distribution of

Leachate Disharge into the Water Streams around Piyungan
Landfill Site
Tania Kristantya, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyoa, Melly Mellyanawatyb , and Wiratni
Budhijantoa*
a

b
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya Indonesia
Abstract
In Yogyakarta, 400-500 ton/day of municipal solid waste (MSW) is dumped into
Piyungan Landfill Site. High organic content of the MSW releases a considerable
amount of leachate as the aqueous effluent generated from MSW accumulation by
the rain water percolation and the water content of the waste itself.
Yogyakarta City Authority has strived to control leachate release into environment
by means of putting geo membrane lining and dedicating two hectare area for eleven
retention ponds. However, the increasing amount of incoming MSW has increased
the risks of high concentration leachate discharge regardless the current preventive
efforts. This study aimed to develop mathematical model to predict the leachate
distribution patterns into the water streams. The model served as a predictive tool for
the city authority to anticipate the possibility of leachate pollution into the water
streams and take action accordingly.
The first part of the model predicted the fluctuation of the pollutant concentration in
the ponds effluent as the starting point of the leachate discharge. The second part of
the model estimated the extent of leachate diffusion in the streams into which it was
discharged. Model constants were determined by fitting the model with the field data
collected during August 2015-August 2016. The sampling points covered the radius
of 2 kilometers around Piyungan landfill site. The sampling period included the data
during dry and rainy seasons to capture the lowest and highest concentration of
leachate in the retention ponds.
Keywords: leachate; landfill site; municipal solid waste ; mathematical model;
water pollution
60

W03
Surfactant Modified Bentonite Coating for Softening Hard

Water: Performance Evaluation
NUR NADIA AB KADIR1, SUZYLAWATI ISMAIL1,*
1
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus,

14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: chsuzy@usm.my
Abstract
Hard water softening has become one of the major concern in obtaining high water
quality. Adsorbent coating of modified bentonite with surfactant sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) has been developed for the removal of Ca 2+ and
Mg2+ ions from hard water. Performance study with varies hard water concentration,
mixing rate, temperature and pH were investigate. The removal efficiency decreased
as the hard water concentration increased. Highest removal was achieved for
120mg/L hard water (66.67%), meanwhile only 16.67% being removed for 800mg/L
hard water. At equilibrium time and for 120mg/L of hard water, the optimum mixing
rate, temperature and pH were found to be 300 rpm, 30C, and at neutral pH (6.8),
leading to the hardness removal of 66.67% (29.27mg/g). Maximum adsorption
capacity were 48.78mg/g for 800mg/L. In addition, single solution of calcium and
magnesium has been tested and it was found that magnesium was preferred by
adsorbent coating.
Keywords: Hard water, modified bentonite, adsorbent coating, SDBS, removal of
Ca2+ and Mg2+
61

W05
Development of Composite Adsorbent Coating Based Acrylic

Polymer/Bentonite for Cationic Dye Removal
S. F. AZHA, S. ISMAIL*
School of Chemical Engineering, University Sains Malaysia,
Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Tel : +604-599 6458; Fax : +604-594 1013
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: chsuzy@usm.my
Abstract
The development of composite adsorbent coating (CAC) based commercial grade
acrylic polymer solution (APS) mixed with bentonite has been investigated. The CAC
was prepared and coated to high surface area substrate, cotton cellulosic fiber (CCF).
The APS-CCF, APS/bentonite-CCF and APS/bentonite-CCF binding H2SO4
(APS/ben-CCF_A) were used for a single cationic Brilliant Green (BG) dye
adsorption system. Characterization of composition and structure of materials and
coating was carried out by X- ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope
(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, UV-spectroscopy (UVVIS) and FTIR. The adsorption properties of CACs were investigated as a function
of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial dye concentration and contact time. The
result revealed the APS/ben-CCF_A that has been pretreated in an acidic solution
exhibited higher adsorption capacities. Kinetic studies showed that it could adsorb up
to 97 % BG dye within 150 minutes.
Keywords : Composite Adsorbent Coating; Acrylic Polymer Solution; Adsorption;
Acidic Solution; Brilliant Green
62

W08
Biosorption of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solution by Two

Types of Biosorbents Based on Microalgae Aphanothece Sp
Eka Oktariania,b, Awalinaa,c, Tjandra Setiadia, Ardiyan Harimawan a
a

b
Department of Textile Chemistry
Polytechnic STTT Bandung Indonesia
c
Research Center for Limnology-The Indonesian Institute of Sciences, LIPI Cibinong
Science Center, Bogor Indonesia
*Corresponding Authors E-mail : ekaoktariani90@gmail.com
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) ions is a harmful heavy metal that has considerable health effects
when entering an aquatic environment. Therefore Cd ion concentration is essential
to be eliminated or reduced. Some researchers showed that biosorption is an
alternative technology for heavy metal ions removal.The biosorption of Cd ions from
aqueous solution using two types of dried biomass of Aphanothece sp produced from
previous work, namely AA and AB biosorbents, were investigated. Each biosorbent
was cultivated in 8% and 15% carbon dioxide enrichment in a photo bioreactor
system. Experimental parameter affecting biosorption such as pH, contact time, and
initial Cd ions concentration were studied. The equilibrium data were analyzed using
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental kinetics parameter was
fitted by pseudo first order and pseudo second order model. The efficient condition
for biosorption process using microalgae Aphanothece was found at pH 8 and 60
minutes contact time, while the maximum biosorption capacity of the biosorbent AA
and AB for Cd ions was found to be respectively 35.57 mg/g and 74.54 mg/g.
Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo second order kinetics were suitable in
describing biosorption of Cd ions using biosorbents AA and AB. The calculated
thermodynamic parameters showed that biosorption of Cd ions onto Aphanothece
biomass was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 30oC and 50oC. This result
suggest that both AA and AB biosorbents worked effectively for the Cd ions removal
at low concentration range.
Keyword : Biosorption, Cadmium, Aphanothece sp
63

W10
Application of TMDL Development for River Basin-Based

Water Quality Improvement Program in Citarum River
Basin, Indonesia
Kurniawan*, Safrudin**, Budisusanti***
*Head of Sub-directorate of Inventory and Pollution Load Allocation, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry (MOEF)
**Head of Section of Pollution Load Allocation, Ministry of Environment and Forestry
(MOEF)
***Director of Water Pollution Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF)
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: safrudin23@yahoo.com
Abstract
The combination of untreated domestic sewage, solid waste disposal, industrial
effluents and agricultural generated waste has significantly increased pollution loads
in the Citarum River system which covers 9 districts and 3 cities. Inadequate
sanitation and solid waste management are problems in urban, peri-urban, and rural
communities. These problems degrade not only the environment but also community
health, living standards and social and economic development of the country
particularly in Jabodetabek and Bandung areas.To improve water quality within the
Citarum River Basin (CRB) need strong coordination and colaboration among
sectors, regions and stakeholders across the basin.The Total maximum dally load
(TMDL) of Citarum River was developed by The Directorate of Water Pollution
Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia (MOEF) as a tool to
develop appropriate and effective policies and procedures for water quality
management. This TMDL study utilized field monitoring data and predictive model
to provide quantitative information to assist managers and decision makers in making
effective decisions to protect water quality. To meet the Citarum River specified
standard, the estimation of pollution load, simulation of assimilative capacity and
establishing scenario of pollution load reduction from a various sources applyng
WASP model were performed. The study results indicate that 430,996.09 kg
BOD/day is estimated to be discharged into Citarum river directly and indirectly from
domestic, livestock, industry, aquafarming and landuse based activities. Meanwhile,
the allowable loadings of pollutants for the Citarum river to meet its targeted Water
Quality is only 127,443.79 kg BOD/day, therefore the pollution reduction needed is
303,552.30 kg BOD/day which are redistributed for domestic (62,16%), livestock
(15,52%), industry (11,84%), landuse based activities 6,14% and aquafarming
(4,34%). In addition, the load reduction is allocated as well for related subwatersheds, districts and cities. This sectoral and spatial load allocation system then
64

W10
can be used for the development of water pollution control program and action plan
which should be implemented by multi-level and multi-stakeholders across Citarum
Basin.
Keywords: Citarum River Basin, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia
(MOEF),Total maximum dally load (TMDL), pollution load allocation, predictive
models, WASP model
65

W11
Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor (FOMBR):

More than a Novel Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Process
Guanglei Qiu, Divya Shankari Srinivasa Raghavan, Subhabrata Das and Yen-Peng Ting*
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Corresponding Authors E-mail: chetyp@nus.edu.sg
Abstract
Introduced as a low fouling alternative to traditional membrane bioreactors (MBRs),
forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR) is gaining increasing global
attention. Our research in recent years has led to some insights on this process in
terms of membrane fouling, salt accumulation and control, recovery of nutrients as
well as removal of emerging pollutants during municipal wastewater treatment and
water reclamation. Generally, forward osmosis (FO) membranes show low fouling
tendency and high fouling reversibility due to their smooth and tight surface
properties. However, inorganic scaling was found to be more pronounced, due to
rejection of solutes by the FO membrane and the resultant concentration of scaling
ions within the bioreactor. The high rejection property of the FO membrane also
resulted in salt accumulation in the bioreactor. Evident deterioration of biological
activity and loss of FO water flux was observed with significant adverse effects on
functional bacterial communities. Although the high rejection property of the FO
membranes resulted in salt accumulation, it provided opportunities for the enrichment
and recovery of valuable resources (e.g. phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, etc.)
from municipal wastewater. To solve the salt accumulation problem and to facilitate
nutrients recovery, a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor
(MF-FOMBR) system was further developed. The incorporation of a side-stream MF
unit into a FOMBR effectively removed accumulated salts, and thus significantly
alleviated salinity build-up. Together with the salts, nutrients (e.g. PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+,
etc) rejected by the FO membrane were extracted via the MF unit, thus achieving a
direct nutrient recovery. TOC and NH4+N removal in excess of 98% was
consistently achieved under reduced salt concentration. Around 70% of PO43-P in
the wastewater was recovered as amorphous calcium phosphate with a P2O5 content
up to 30%. Additionally, the performance of the process in the removal of emerging
pollutants was investigated. For 20 kinds of antibiotics (with the average
concentration of 4.1-358.5 ng/L), the FO membrane showed 71.0-95.1% rejection of
these compounds, which resulted in 58.9%-94.0% of their overall removal in the
66

W11
system. In a nutshell, the use of high rejection FO membranes in the FOMBR raised
challenges, but also confer this process unparalleled advantages beyond that of a
novel MBR. Research in these aspects are likely to present new ideas for the
development next generation membrane for biological wastewater treatment
processes.
Keywords: Forward osmosis membrane bioreactor; Municipal wastewater
treatment; Membrane fouling; Phosphorus recovery; Antibiotics removal.
67

W12
Engineering for a Sustainable Future

Ren VAN BERKEL (PhD) a*
a
Centre for Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production Indonesia (CRECPI),

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Bandung 40132 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: r.vanberkel@unido.org
Abstract
The international community agreed in 2015 on an ambitious set of 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG). Their realization is, amongst others, contingent on
widespread and accelerated improvements in the efficiency of use of natural
resources, including: water, energy, materials and food. Waste, effluents and
emissions are to be zeroed out from industrial production through improvements and
innovations in process development, plant design and construction, and ongoing
operations and maintenance. Good practices are known and proven and will be
illustrated here with examples from the categories of cleaner production, green
engineering and green chemistry. The resource, environment and climate challenges
of our time though require that such practices are main-streamed in the theory,
practice and education of chemical engineering.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; Resource Efficiency; Cleaner
Production; Green Engineering; Green Chemistry;
68

W13
Water and Energy Recycling in Commercial Poultry

Processing
David Grant1, Greg Leslie1, and Julian Cox1,2*
1
Chemical Engineering, 2Faculty of Engineering

UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
*
Corresponding Authors E-mail: julian.cox@unsw.edu.au
Abstract
Water is an increasingly scarce and expensive resource in Australia. Water

and wastewater management, and energy consumption impact not only the
economics but also the environmental footprint of food industries. Poultry
processing plants use large quantities of water and energy. With rapidly
increasing consumption of chicken meat, processors are under greater strain
to increase production in order to meet demand, with consequent greater
impacts on economy and environment. This study examined the feasibility
(through triple-bottom-line (TBL) analysis) of water recycling in the
operations of a major Australian poultry producer. Pilot projects were then
undertaken in two unit operations, the scald tank and the spin chiller, to
determine if water (and energy) could be recycled inline, without
compromising food safety and quality. The outcomes of the TBL and pilot
studies were considered together through a life cycle analysis (LCA), which
indicated that water and energy recycling were feasible on a commercial
scale, enhancing sustainability in commercial poultry processing.
68*

O01
Low Temperature Synthesis of Hydrogen Titanate Nanotubes

As a Solid Acid Catalyst
For 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural Formation from Glucose
Misaki Otaa, Yuichiro Hirotaa, Yoshiaki Uchidaa, b, and Norikazu Nishiyamaa*
a
Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science,

Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
b
PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency,
4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
Corresponding Authors E-mail: nisiyama@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Alternative resources of carbohydrate biomass have a potential for sustainable supply
of valuable production through the platform chemicals. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural
(HMF), one of the platform chemicals, can be obtained from glucose or fructose with
acid catalyst. And then, HMF can be converted into a series of derivatives such as
fran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid and levulinic acids, which can be used as raw materials of
fuels, plastics and drugs.
Hydrogen titanate (H2Ti3O7) nanotubes have attracted considerable interest as
adsorbents, electrochemical cells and catalyst supports since Kasuga et al. reported
its synthesis method. However, little has been reported on the catalytic properties of
H2Ti3O7 nanotubes themselves. Moreover, the synthesis process requires severe
conditions with heat treatment at 120C and high pressure.
In this work, H2Ti3O7 nanotubes were synthesized at low temperature via a new
simple method. Firstly a raw material of amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2)
nanoparticles with a high surface area and high reactivity were prepared by using
tetrahydrofuran as a solvent in the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide
at room temperature. The H2Ti3O7 nanotubes were obtained by introducing Na + into
the amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles at room temperature and ion exchange reaction
between Na+ and H+. The H2Ti3O7 nanotubes had nanopores less than 1 nm and a
high surface area of 735 m2/g. The H2Ti3O7 nanotubes acted as an efficient solid acid
catalyst for glucose conversion into HMF.
Keywords: Hydrogen titanate; Nanotube; Solid acid catalyst; 5(Hydroxymethyl)furfural; Biomass
69

O02
Outcome-Based Learning Innovation: Application to

Engineering Economics Course
Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi*, Astri Nur Istyami, and Joanna Nadia Kristiantolo
Chemical Engineering Program
Corresponding Authors E-mail: twsamadhi@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Engineering Economics is a mandatory subject in the Chemical Engineering
undergraduate curriculum at ITB, which is taught in combination with basic Project
Management topics. ABET Student Outcomes learned in this subject, ordered
according to decreasing priorities, are: (a) ability to apply mathematics, science, and
engineering (h) broad knowledge to comprehend the economic impact of engineering
decisions (c) ability to design systems and processes, and (k) ability to implement
modern engineering tools. To ensure that SO learning is effectively facilitated, a
series of innovation has been undertaken within the last year. This involves the overall
redesign of the weekly course structure, assessment objectives and instruments. Due
to the nature of the overall course materials which favors structured hands-on learning
rather than classical lecture approach, a considerable portion of course sections are
delivered by class flipping. Long quizzes substitute several mid-term examination
problems, and team-based mini-projects associated with the students internship host
companies are also assigned. This student-centered learning approach has succeeded
in improving the students confidence in their grasp on the course objectives and
improve the ABET SO attainment.
Keywords: ABET; Engineering; Economics; Outcome; Learning; Innovation
70

O05
Effect of Vacuum and Atmospheric Drying on

Torrefaction of Oil Palm Trunk
Daniel Prasetyo, Hyung W. Lee and Johnner P. Sitompul *
Abstract
This paper concerns on drying and torrefaction of oil palm trunk (OPT), abundant
resources of biomass before replantation of oil palm. The processes are very crucial
in treating of OPT before utilization for energy source due to high level of water
content and volatile matters in the biomass. The drying characteristic during vacuum
and atmosperic condition were studied dynamically for every part of OPT from outer
to inner part of OPT. The study also observed the effect of drying towards torrefaction
results, especially its caloric value (HHV). Caloric value after drying and torrefaction
were oberved and compared for vacuum and atmospheric drying. Experimental
results showed that average caloric value of OPT increasing with higher temperature
of vacuum drying, from 5,383 cal/gr at 145oC to 5,972 cal/gr at 225oC, compared to
atmospheric drying OPT, 5,317 cal/ gr at 110 oC. Further, improvement of caloric
value was resulted for torrefied OPT at 650 oC about 6,947 cal/gr with yield 21.34 %
which is higher than that of OPT after vacuum drying at 225 oC, 5,972 cal/gr with
yield 24.01 % from initial weight of OPT. However, highest calorific values of OPT
in vacuum drying and torrefaction led to lower yield of biomass to 21.34% and
24.01%, respectively, of original weight of OPT, showing more than 76% weight of
OPT water and volatile matter.
Keywords: oil palm trunk, vacuum and atmospheric drying, torrefaction, caloric
value
71

O07
Microcatalytic Converter for CO Oxidation over Pt/-Al2O3

during Cold Start-up Period
Yogi Wibisono Budhi*1, Ryan Adrian Rahardi1, and M. Zaky Yanwar 1
1

Abstract
Catalytic converter is a fixed bed reactor used to reduce harmful exhaust gases vented
from automotive vehicle due to incomplete combustion. One important hot topic in
the field of the catalytic converter is slow reaction during cold start-up, which induces
a lot of unconverted flue gas such CO, hydrocarbon, and NO. This study investigated
the use of microcatalytic converter to overcome the problems of slow reaction in the
beginning of start-up. In this work, the performance of the catalytic fixed bed reactor
and microcatalytic converter was compared. The model reaction taken in this study
was CO oxidation over Pt/-Al2O3 under steady state flow condition of cold start-up.
The reaction temperature during start-up was ramped from 50 oC to 150oC for 5 min.
The reactor models dealing with mass and energy balance were also developed and
validated based on experimental data. The model was numerically solved using a
software package of FlexPDE version 6.32 to calculate the flow distribution in the
microreactor channel and adjusted kinetic parameter. The results showed that the
conversion of CO per catalyst weight carried out in microcatalytic converter was 40
times higher when compared to fixed bed reactor at the same temperature. The flow
distribution in all channels has been determined based on proper design of
microchannel. The fluid flow could achieve laminar condition in microreactor. The
cold start-up period in microcatalytic converter was shorter than the conventional
catalytic converter.
Keywords: Catalytic converter, microreactor, conversion, carbon monoxide,

oxidation, modelling and simulation.
72

O10
Chemical Engineering ITB ABET Reaccreditation: Towards

Continuous Quality Improvement and Innovation in
Education
Winny Wulandari, Johnner P. Sitompul, and IDG Arsa Putrawan
1

Corresponding Authors E-mail: winny@che.itb.ac.id and sitompul@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Chemical Engineering Program ITB has been accredited by Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology (ABET) in 2012. A number of program improvements
have been carried out since then to maintain the quality of chemical engineering
education program in striving for excelence in education. The continuous
improvement in education is focused on conducting both course level assessment and
program level assessment as a tool to evaluate teaching learning in chemical
engineering education. The reaccreditation process is now being underway in 2016,
with ranges of timeline activities, including submission of Self Study Report on July
1st, Program Evaluator site visit to ITB on November 6-7th , Draft Statement report
on January 2017, and finally the issue of Final Statement for reaccreditation award
on July 2017. This paper concerns on a series of activities to prepare and devise Self
Study Report for the reaccreditation process complying with ABET Standard. The
preparation has been carried out since April 2015 by forming an ad-hoc team to assist
and support Chemical Engineering Program Chair. The team also manages
administrative tasks for course and program assessment, as well as provide
recommendation for improvement of chemical engineering program and conduct
cycle assessment on Program Educational Objectives and Student Outcomes. Further,
upgrading and improving safety and facilities is very crucial to ABET Standard. A
number of faculty workshops were also conducted to discuss both course level
assessment and program assessment, as well as to discuss the learning outcomes of
students that have been attained both in Sophomore, Junior, and Senior year. The
impact of these various programs conducted will be discussed. While the primary
goal of this task is to prepare for a successful ABET reaccreditation, many positive
impacts has been recognized by the faculty, students, and Program in general. The
paper shows some best practices, knowledge sharing and innovation in chemical
engineering education valuable for other Program to prepare for cycle assessment in
ABET accreditation or reaccreditation.
Keywords: ABET, Continuous Improvement, engineering education, cycle
assessment
73

O11
Modification of MnOx Based Catalyst on Activated

Carbon Support for Ozone Decomposition in Low
Temperature Effluent Gas Emission
Setijo Bismo, Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar, dan Reynaldi Rachmat
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: setijo.bismo@ui.ac.id
Abstract
This research evaluated performance of MnOx based catalyst with activated carbon
support in the form of granular (GAC) in decomposing unwanted residual ozone in
the exhaust emissions from some industries using ozone as oxidator or disinfectant.
This research uses packed bed reactor which is filled by activated carbon with
diameter of 18-35 mesh, 35-60 mesh, and 60-100 mesh which is yet to be activated
and already activated with MnOx loading MnOx of 1%-w and 2%-w. Preparation to
combine both of the catalysts and the support is by using impregnation and
calcination method. The catalysts have been characterized using SEM-EDX and BET.
Ozone concentration before and after decomposition by the catalyst were calculated
using iodometric method. It can be concluded that GAC which is already activated
with diameter of 35-60 mesh and 60-100 mesh, and with MnOx loading has ozone
conversion value up to 100% with conversion time over more than 24 hours.
74

O12
Scientific approach for low carbon cities and regions

Tsuyoshi Fujita*
a
Director, Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research,

National Institute for Enviromenta Studies,
16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
Alliance Professor of Nagoya University
Corresponding Authors E-mail: fujita77@nies.go.jp
Abstract
The low carbon movements extend in the world particularly in rapidly growing
Asian cities and regions. Wide range of technologies, policy initiatives have been
discussed for their planning and implementation. Since every city and region have
their own characteristic features and different policy decision circumstances and
backgrounds, rather than unanimous policy framework or uniform technology design,
low carbon technologies and policies need to be deliberately selected, evaluated and
diagnosed with objective, transparent, quantitative and scientific manner.
The research project, firstly, focuses on developing integrative simulation models
to design the optimal low carbon targets in the future for cities and regions as well as
identifying efficient roadmaps with optimal combination of technologies and social
systems. Secondly, the model results are applied into the spatial analysis based on
Geographic Information Systems of cities to design suitable location patterns of land
use and urban structures in a long run with designing key demonstration projects for
the low carbon development. Finally, the results would be applied into implementing
for eco-city panning under the interactive collaboration with public-private
stakeholders. Eco-city smart monitoring systems are developed and implemented to
support multi-stakeholder discussion for co-design procedures through quantification,
visualization and comparison for alternative eco-city optional packages.
Demonstration research projects in Fukushima, Japan, and Bogor City, Indonesia, are
provided as case studies. Academic and policy outcome for integrative research
challenges are identified such as strategic technology assessment and coordination
for sustainable low fossil carbon society strategies, innovative monitoring system for
the systematic project design and carbon credit certification are discussed.
Keywords: Low carbon society, integrated model, ICT, smart monitoring
75

O13
Consequence Analysis on Fuel Cell as Power Generation

Hary Deviantoa,*, Mitra Evianib, Pramujo Widiatmokoa, Isdiriayani Nurdin a
b
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
R&D Workgroup for Gas Technology, R&D Center for Oil & Gas Technology,LEMIGAS,
Jakarta, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: hardev@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Conventional power plants using centralized systems require high-voltage
transmission network to distribute the electricity generated. Electrical efficiency of
diesel engines is about 35%, while the turbine is about 29-42%. In addition to the
energy loss during power generation, high voltage transmission and distribution of
electricity also yield in energy loss. In Indonesia, the loss of energy due to the high
voltage transmission and distribution of electricity are 2.37% and 7.52%, respectively.
Gas distribution coupled with fuel cell system in Indonesia is likely to be the
substitution of centralized power generation system into the local generating system.
The efficiency of converting the chemical energy into electricity using fuel cells can
improve the system efficiency up to 55%.
The risk of fire and explosion on operating a fuel cell as a power generation were
identified coming from the use of combustible material such as natural gas and
hydrogen. Based on Government Regulation No. 74 of 2001, natural gas (methane)
and hydrogen gas is classified as a hazardous material that requires special handling.
Natural gas and hydrogen gas can explode on the condition of the mixture of fuel and
air so called Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) at 4-5% v / v of the total fuel mix. The
formation of the mixture of fuel and air leakage is due to trapping of natural gas or
hydrogen gas to the value of the LEL.
To better understand the impact of the risk of fire, calculations / simulations of jet fire
scenarios for natural gas leaks at the inlet reformer and vapor cloud explosion of a
hydrogen leak in the outlet reformer were carried out. Simulation of vapor cloud
explosion due to leakage of hydrogen gas is conducted as a comparison to the case of
explosion. To better understand the impact of the risk of health problems, the
calculations / simulations of scenarios dispersion of H 2S gas leak in the desulfurizer
unit was performed. Simulations were carried out using software ALOHA belong
to United States Environmental Protection Agency. The results from consequence
analysis of fire, explosion, and toxic release of hazardous material in fuel cell system
were considered safe.
Keywords: Fuel Cell; Consequence Analysis; Fire and Explosion; Toxic Release
76

In conjunction with Seminar Soehadi Reksowardojo 2016
ABSTRACTS
POSTER
PRESENTATION

F01
Downstream Processing of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit

Bunch Hydrolysate
MTAP Kresnowati*, Faradiva Dwinta, and Susi Zukriwati
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste contains xylose, that can be utilized as
the raw material for xylitol production. Xylitol belongs to sugar alcohol, it is
relatively as sweet as sucrose, has anti-cariogenic characteristics, and can be safely
consumed by diabetes mellitus patients. Beside containing xylitol, the fermentation
broth using OPEFB hydrolysate as substrate also contains other metabolic products:
ethanol, acetic acid, cell-biomass; left-over substrates: glucose, xylose, inorganic
salts, and residue of OPEFB. Downstream processing of the fermentation broth is
necessary in order to produce xylitol with high purity. This article presents the
evaluation of downstream processing for xylitol production, which comprises of
centrifugation, activated carbon adsorption, evaporation, and crystallization. The
results show that fermentation broth composition as well as xylitol concentration
significantly affect the yield, purity, and whiteness index of the obtained xylitol
crystal.
Keywords: Xylitol, Fermentation, Centrifugation, Adsorption, Crystallization
77

F02
Synthesis of Structured Triglyceride of MLM-Triglyceride

Type Based on Canarium Oil for Functional Food Application
Johnner P Sitompul a*, Tutus Gusdinar b*, Hamidah Rahman b,c and Kusnandar
Anggadiredja b
a

Institute of Techology Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b
School of Pharmacy
Institute of Techology Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
c
Faculty of Public Health
Muhammadiyah University of North Moluccas, Ternate, 97719, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mails: sitompul@che.itb.ac.id and Gusdinar@fa.itb.ac.id
Abstract
This paper concerns on synthesis of structured triglycerides containing different
proportion and position of medium-(M) and long-chain (L) fatty acids on the glycerol
backbone. Structured triglyceride of MLM-TAGs type was synthesized by utilizing
canarium oil, in a way incorporating with caprylic acid (C8:0) as a medium chain (M)
fatty acid source. The synthesis was performed through two-enzymatic reactions,
namely ethanolysis as a first step and followed by esterification as a second step. Both
reactions use an sn1,3 specific lipase as a catalyst which has specific activity at sn-1
and sn-3 positions of triglycerides structure. After performing analysis using highperformance liquid chromatography, synthesized lipid of the stereospecific
distribution of fatty acids in MLM-TAG was obtained 29.520.59 and 44.280.88
mole % of caprylic acid that was incorporated in the positions of sn-1,2,3 and sn-1,3
in MLM-TAG, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of physicochemical properties for
both initial canarium oil and MLM-TAG using independent-samples t-test at p0.05,
showed that two samples was different significantly for saponification value, iodium
value and average molecular weight. The results of this study showed canarium oil
as a source of essential fatty acids for functional foods.
Keywords: MLM-Triglyceride; Canarium oil; sn-1,3 Lipase; Ethanolysis;
Esterification;Caprylic acid
78

F04
Evaluation of Pretreatment Process for Producing XyloseRich Hydrolyzate from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
Budi Mandra Harahap and M.T.A.P Kresnowati*
Departement of Chemical Engineering
Abstract
Xylose, fermentation substrate for xylitol production, can be produced by enzymatic
hydrolysis from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) hemicellulose. The amount
of the xylose released from this hydrolysis highly depends on the performance of
pretreatment process. The type and operation condition of this pretreatment,
moreover, requires to be determined because fermentation inhibitory products can be
formed as the results of delignification or xylose decomposition during pretreatment
which results in low xylose recovery. Therefore, to obtain the high xylose in
hydrolyzate, evaluation of pretreatment process is needed.
In this research, the evaluation of pretreatment involved the effect of catalysts
(autohydrolysis/water, acetic acid, or ammonia) and the corresponding concentration;
pretreatment time, and pressure. Subsequently the process perfomance was evaluated
by enzymatic hydrolysis using Cellic HTec2. This enzymatic hydrolysis was
conducted either simultaneously or separately between liquid and solid fraction
resulted after pretreatment.
The result showed that the glucose contained in liquid fraction after pretreatment was
higher than the xylose. Its hydrolysis yield of hemicellulose, however, was higher
than cellulose for all pretreatments with the highest yield at pretreatment of
autohydrolysis. After the residual solid of those pretreatments was hydrolyzed
enzimatically, pretreatment using ammonia gave the higher yield, compare to
autohydrolysis or acetic acid pretreatment due to the high delignification effect of
ammonia. Consistently, pretreatment using ammonia 5% gave the highest xylose
yield when enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out simultaneously on both liquid and
residual solid after pretreatment. The increasing time (from 15 minutes to 30 minutes)
and pressure (from 1 barg to 1,5 barg), however, had insignificant effect for
pretreatment with ammonia 5%. Further this condition also needs vast amount of acid
for the adjustment of pH for the following enzymatic hydrolysis process. On the
contrary, the yield of xylose from autohydrolysis increased with the increase in
pressure and time. The maximum yield was obtained at pretreatment time of 60
minutes at 1,5 barg, gave xylose yield of 0,085 g/g (39,121%). This xylose yield was
more obtained from hydrolysis of its pretreated solid fraction.
Keyword : OPEFB; Pretreatment; Water; Ammonia; Acetic Acid; Enzymatic
Hydrolysis; Xylose-rich Hydrolyzate
79

F09
Development of Instant Starter for the Production of

Fermented Cassava Flour (fercaf)
Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowatia*, Rickya, and Corwin Rudlya
a
Abstract
Fermented Cassava Flour (Fercaf) is one of cassavas derivative products of cassava
(Mannihot esculenta) that is considerably potential in fulfilling national food demand
in Indonesia. In converting cassava to become Fercaf, a number of factors need to be
taken into account so as to ensure the quality of the Fercaf that it utilmately results
in. One of which is the biological agent used to undertake the fermentation process
or in generic term is called starter. However, fercaf starter is commonly obtained from
stock cultures that consequently require the use of laboratory equipment, which
renders it impractical for local use. It is thereby necessary that instant starter be used
as it offers advantages in terms of capital cost and practicality.
This research aims at evaluating various methods for preparing instant starter for the
production of fercaf, such that the most suitable method can be identified. The
evaluated methods in preparing these starter are including spray-drying, freezedrying, and conventional preservation. The conducted experiments involved the
following microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis ITB B128, Lactobacillus plantarum ITB
B188, dan Aspergillus oryzae ITB L24. The result has conclusively shown that the
best method to prepare instant starter can be performed separately to each of these
cultures as follow: Bacillus subtilis ITB B128 instant starter from conventional
preservation by solid-state fermentation followed by air-drying; Lactobacillus
plantarum ITB B188 instant starter from conventional preservation by cooling lowfat milk liquid culture; Aspergillus oryzae ITBL24 from conventional preservation
by solid-state fermentation followed by air-drying
Keywords: Fercaf; Instant starter; Preservation.
80

F11
Liquid-liquid Equilibria of Fatty Acid-Rice Bran Oil-Aqueous

Alcohols
I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawana*, Menur Widyasih b, and Rani Wulantarib
a
Research Group on Chemical Engineering Product Design and Development

b
Study Program of Chemical Engineering
Corresponding Authors E-mail: idewa@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Rice bran oil has been recognized as a healthy edible oil since it contains vitamins
and antioxidants and has the best balance of saturated, monounsaturated, and
polyunsaturated fats. It can help lower harmful cholesterol and fight free radicals.
Rice bran, however, contains lipase enzymes which hydrolyze triglycerides resulting
in high free fatty acid contents. Saponification is the conventional method for
deacidification of edible oil. However, it results in high neutral oil lost when applied
to edible oils with high free fatty acid content. Liquid-liquid extraction using alcohols
has been considered as an alternative to saponification. The design and operation of
liquid-liquid extraction requires liquid-liquid equilibrium data. This work is aimed to
measure the liquid-liquid equilibria of fatty acid-rice bran oil-alcohols using fatty
acid mixtures. The measurements were carried at 25 oC using aqueous ethanol and
isopropanol as solvents. Fatty acid mixtures were prepared by hydrolyzing rice bran
oil. It was found that ethanol has higher selectivity but has lower distribution
coefficient than isopropanol. For the same solvent, increasing water content resulted
in higher selectivity but lower distribution coefficient. The complete data were
presented in ternary diagrams. Using the obtained diagrams, a graphical calculations
on liquid-liquid extraction have been done. For the fatty acid contents of 20% and 5%
in the feed and raffinate, respectively, the minimum solvent-to-feed ratio was in the
range of 1 to 4. In addition, using solvent-to feed ratio twice the minimum value, the
number of extraction stages required was in the range of 2 to 4.
Keywords: Solvent extraction, Liquid-liquid equilibria, Aqueous alcohols, Fatty
acid, Rice bran oil
81

F12
Development of Mixed Fertilizer Fillers

from Pan Granulation of Waste Animal Bones and Eggshells
I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawana*, Thomas Gunardib, and Dexter Siahaan b
a
Research Group on Chemical Engineering Product Design and Development

b
Study Program of Chemical Engineering
Corresponding Authors E-mail: idewa@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Mixed fertilizers are prepared by physical blending of straight fertilizers in which
granular fillers are utilized to control the contents of nutrients. Granular fillers are
usually made from mined minerals, such as, dolomite, lime, and phosphate rocks.
Waste materials, such as, animal bones and eggshells, can be considered as alternative
materials to mined minerals. This research is aimed to study the granulation of animal
bones and eggshells for producing mixed fertilizer fillers. The granulation
experiments were carried using a pan granulator with a diameter of 50 cm, a slope
angle of 50, and a rotation speed of at 30 rpm. Aqueous solution of molasses was
used as binder. A 2kfactorial experimental design with center points was used to
choose the runs required to investigate the effects molasses concentration in binder
solution (25% to 75%), liquid-to-solid ratio (20% to 30%), bone fraction (20 to 60%),
and granulation time (10 to 20 minutes) on the yields of onsize and compressive
strength of granules. All of these factors had significant effects on the yields of onsize
granules. It was found that the yields of on size granules increased with liquid-solidratio and granulation time but decreased with molasses concentration and bone
fraction. Compressive strength of 1 kg could be achieved at higher molasses
concentration and higher liquid-to-solid ratio.
Keywords: Granulation, Pan granulator, Animal bone, Eggshell, Molasses
82

F15
Preparation and Characterization of Modified Chitosan

by Polyelectrolyte Complexation
Zuhannisaa , Prihati Sih Nugrahenia , Wiratnia,b and Yuni Kusumastutia,b*
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281

Indonesia
b
Engineering
Abstract
The polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of chitosan with various polysaccharide such
as alginate, carrageenan, Arabic gum, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pectin, and
glucomannan were prepared and characterized. The complexation was performed by
addition of polysaccharide solution as crosslinking agent into chitosan solution
(0.01% and 2 %) under magnetic stirring. The size of the obtained modified chitosan
was analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The turbidity and pH were measured
to observe the stability of the modified chitosan during the storage. The stability of
the complexes was investigated at room temperature (37 oC) for 3 weeks. The
existence of glucomannan and Arabic gum resulted PECs when it reacted with the
chitosan solution using ratio 1:1. The changed crosslinker resulted a hydrogel after it
blended. The obtained PECs could be affected by the ratio between chitosan and
polysaccharide and the molecular weight of both polymers. The crosslinker
concentration gave a significantly influenced the obtained particle size at the chitosan
concentration 0.01 % and 2%.
Keywords : Polyelectrolyte complex, chitosan, polysaccharide
83

F18
Synthesis and Characterization of Biocomposites based on

Chitosan and Geothermal Silica
Agung Tri Buwonoa, Radinda Bian Zaqinaa, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrusa,b, and Yuni
Kusumastutia,b*
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281

Indonesia
b
Engineering
Abstract
With the amount of about 3000 ton per year of precipitate silica, Diengs geothermal
power plant possesses potential to utilize the precipitate silica. This material is a result
of silica scaling mitigation that reduces the geothermal power plant productivity to
the point of 40% within a year. In this study, the precipitate silica which is mostly in
the amorphous state has potential uses for bone graft composite. The geothermal
silica was mixed with composition of chitosan/gelatin/geothermal silica (C/G/GS)
and chitosan/pectin/geothermal silica (C/P/GS) bio composites with certain ratio.
Those two biocomposites was characterized and compared in order to determine the
effect of geothermal silica addition into the matrix. In order to obtain best of
geothermal quality, purification was conducted using dry washing method to reach
95.6510% of SiO2 purity. The silica was mixed in gel phase with 17.11% of water
content.
From the observation, it was obtained that the swelling ratio of C/P/GS is higher than
C/G/GS. However, in comparison to the sample without geothermal silica addition,
the swelling ratio of silica added biocomposites is lower. It is a result of less porous
matrix when silica added into the mixtures. In term of Youngs modulus, silica
addition decrease the value on both of the biocomposites. The decrease is affected by
the biomineralization of the silica in the biocomposite matrix. In general Youngs
modulus of C/G/GS is higher than C/P/GS.
The FTIR results showed the chitosan/pectin peak in 1410 cm-1 indicating a
symmetrical vibration of COO-. The amine peak shifting in chitosan at 1556 cm-1
and the stronger peak at 1639 cm-1 than pure chitosan indicate that an amine group
interacts with pectin and an asymmetric stretching of carboxylate. The interaction of
silica in chitosan/pectin biocomposite can be observed from the peak intensity at the
range of 3270-3290 cm-1 and 1634 cm-1, 1557 cm-1 due to the bonding of N-H group
and amide group with silica. The Si-O-Si bonding is specifically shown in the peak
84

F18
of 1080 cm-1. Meanwhile, the Si-O-C bonding is indicated in the peak of 786 cm-1. In
the case of chitosan/gelatin/geothermal silica biocomposite the interaction can be
observed at the peak of 1410 cm-1 indicating the symmetrical vibration of COO- and
the polymerization of chitosan and gelatin. The peak of 1553 cm-1 shows an amine
group that interacts with gelatin.
Keywords:
Biocomposite,
Chitosan/Pectin/Geothermal Silica
Chitosan/Gelatin/Geothermal
Silica,
85

F23
Study of Refined -Carrageenan Production from Eucheuma

cottonii Seaweed
Raymond Adriel, Alexander, Carolus B. Rasrendra, Johnner P. Sitompul
Abstract
One of the widely used seaweed-based product in food industry is carrageenan, a
natural polysaccharide with hydrocolloid properties from red seaweed. Refined
carrageenan producers in Indonesia are scarce because the extraction process is
expensive and the alkaline waste from the alkali modification step is difficult to
handle. This paper concerns on the decolorization of kappa () carrageenan by using
citric acid as an alternative decoloring agent. In general, the purpose of this research
is to compare the parameter values of refined -carrageenan from three types of
decolorization treatments: undecolorized, decolorized with citric acid, and
decolorized with H2O2. Furthermore, this research sought to determine the effect of
citric acid concentration towards the refined -carrageenan. The main raw material is
Eucheuma cottonii, the seaweed that yields -carrageenan. The seaweed was treated
by alkali modification in 0.1 N KOH solution at 85C for 1.5 hours. The resulting carrageenan was precipitated from the alkali solution by using 5% (w/v) KCl solution.
The decolorization treatments used 0 M (undecolorized), 0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1
M citric acid concentration variations and 1% H2O2. Based on the results, citric acid
could be used as an alternative decoloring agent in -carrageenan extraction. The
citric acid concentration affects the final quality of the refined -carrageenan with
inverse proportion to yield, viscosity, pH, and colour intensity. Experiment results
showed that the best citric acid concentration is 0.001 M with the yield of 13.58%,
viscosity of 31.3 cps, pH of 8.5, and 78% whiteness degree.
Keywords: seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, carrageenan, decolorization, citric acid
86

F24
Production of Biocomposite for Food Packaging from PLA

and Empty Fruit Bunch based Cellulose Fiber Using
Triacetine as a Coupling Agent
Nina Juliana R. Turnip, Hyung Woo Lee, Felicia B. Pardede, Carolus B. Rasrendra, Johnner
P. Sitompul,
Instituteof Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung,40132,Indonesia
Abstract
This paper concerns on production biocomposites of polylactic acid (PLA) and
cellulose fiber-based from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Different
characteristics between PLA and cellulose fibers require a coupling agent to form a
good bond. Triacetine will be used as a coupling agent for production of biocomposite
by applying a sonication for solution of Triacetine-PLA-Cellulose. The solution is
then casted on film applicator to make a film from the biocomposite and it will be
tested for its mechanical strength using UTM. The size of OPEFB was initially
reduced to pass 30 mesh sieve and OPEFB was then treated by soaking in 0,5 M
NaOH solution for 15 minutes and fed to a pressurized reactor for about 30 minutes
for conducting chemical and hydrothermal process. The process aims to accelerate
the destruction of the lignocellulose structure using chemical treatmentas well as
hydorthermal process using steam in the reactor. OPEFB lignin content before and
after treatment is 25.65%, and 18.27%, respectively. While cellulose obtained before
and after treatment in a row 38.12% and 52.54%. Then, cellulose fibers sonication at
a frequency of 100 kHz in the solvent for 3 hours, produced better surface fiber.
Addition of triacetine 5%-wt improved good surface adhesion properties of PLA and
cellulose fibers. The experimental results showed that higher ratio of cellulose fibers
increased the tensile strength of biocomposite with 30 %-wt maximum loading
cellulose fibers. Moreover, film of biocomposite was successfully made in a film
applicator.
Keywords: PLA, OPEFB, biocomposite, triacetine, sonication
87

E04
The Effect of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida on

Heavy Metals Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated
Soil
S.R. Juliastuti a,*, Annisa Nur Faridaa , Dalylaa, A. Tuhuloulaa
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology,

Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya - Indonesia
*corresponding authors Email : julizainul@gmail.com
Abstract
Exploration and production of crude oil had the potential to pollute the environment.
One way that could be done to overcome the oil pollution was the bioremediation
method that used microorganisms to remove the heavy metal content in the petroleum
contaminated soil.
The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of metal bioremediation
in petroleum contaminated soil as a function of bacteria concentration added.
The methods used in this research included three main stages, which were preparation
of soil and microbes, bioremediation process, and metal concentrations analysis. This
study used independent variables such as the concentration of microbes in the
bioreactor (10% v/v and 15% v/v) and the ratio of the number of Bacillus cereus and
Pseudomonas putida used (1: 0, 1: 1, 0: 1). Bacterial growth was observed every five
days by hemocytometer and metal concentrations were analyzed by AAS method.
From the research, the variable of 10% B. cereus bacteria resulted in the largest
bioremediation efficiency for Fe, Cu, and Zn as much as 76.67% (Fe), 86.93% (Cu),
and 14.81% (Zn), respectively. The sequence adsorbed metal from the largest was
Cu, Fe and Zn. While at the variable of 15% bacteria, the largest bioremediation
efficiency average was obtained by using a mixture of bacteria B.cereus: P.putida =
1: 1 as 82.78% (Fe), 100% (Cu), and 31.84% (Zn), with the sequence of the largest
absorbed metal average was Cu, Fe and Zn. The overall efficiency of bioremediation
was better used variable of 15% (v/v) concentration of bacteria in the bioreactor than
10% concentration of bacteria.
Keywords: Bacillus cereus ; Pseudomonas putida ; Bioremediation ; Contaminated
Soil
89

E09
Determination of the Optimum Hydraulic Retention Time in

Double Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for Landfill
Leachate Treatment
Eli Prasetyoa, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyoa,b , Wiratni Budhijantoa,b*
a
b
Center for Energy Studies
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a potential resource to produce biogas through continuous
anaerobic digestion. To enhance the efficiency of leachate digestion, two techniques
were applied in this study. Firstly, the anaerobic microbes were immobilized on the
surface of natural zeolite powder. The powder was fluidized in an anaerobic fluidized
bed reactor (AFBR) for more stable biofilm formation. Secondly, the AFBR was
splitted into two stages, with the first stage dominated by acidogenic process and the
second stage dominated by the methanogenic process. The dominating microbes in
each stage was provoked by pH control to maintain the first stage acidic at pH 5-6
and the second stage neutral at pH 7-7.6. Both stages were ran under mesophilic
condition (27oC 30oC).
Each stage was ran at various hydraulic retention time (HRT) to determine the
optimum HRT for each stage. For acidogenic AFBR, two phenomena were observed.
The highest Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) formation was achieved at the HRT of 1 day
(150 % of VFA influent) while the highest COD removal efficiency (75%) was
obtained at the HRT of 10 days. On the other hand, 5 days HRT was the best for
methanogenic AFBR to achieve higher VFA conversion into biogas. The rate of
biogas formation was 680 mL/day which was equivalent to 37.34 mL/g sCOD
removal with the average methane purity between 40.1 58.9 %.
Keywords: landfill leachate; biogas; anaerobic fluidized bed reactor; hydraulic
retention time; immobilization; zeolite
90

E13
Prediction of Ignition Delay Time of Liquefied Gas for

Vehicle
Yuswan Muharam*, Mirza Mahendra, Fabian Mahendra Nur, Thomy D Vollmer
and Nurania Saubryani
Abstract
Ignition delay time of liquefied petroleum for vehicle (LGV) fuel is predicted in this
research. Prediction applies kinetic model of oxidation and combustion of a mixture
of propane and butane developed by combining individual valid kinetic models of
oxidation and combustion of propane and butane. Validation uses experimental data
in shock tubes in a temperature range from 1300 K to 1500 K and a pressure range
from 2.5 bar to 10 bar. Calculated results of the models for propane and butane have
good agreement with corresponding experimental results indicating that these two
models may be combined to construct the kinetic model of LGV fuel. Simulation
results of the model of LGV fuel indicates that the fastest ignition delay time occurs
in the fuel of 0% propane and 100% butane, the initial pressure of 10 bar, the initial
temperature of 1500 K, and a stoichiometric mixture, that is equal to 0,011
milliseconds. The slowest ignition delay time happens in the fuel of 50% propane and
50% butane, the initial pressure of 2 bar, the initial temperature of 1100 K, and the
equivalence ratio of 2, that is equal to 16.1 milliseconds.
Keywords: LGV; kinetic model; ignition delay time; simulation
91

E15
Potassium Recovery from Bamboo Biomass Fuel Ash

Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi*, Febrizca Narcia, and Hendro Amril
Chemical Engineering Program
Corresponding Authors E-mail: twsamadhi@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Bamboo is a promising biomass fuel for tropical regions due to its relatively low
moisture content, high calorific value, and rapid growth. To enhance the
competitiveness of bamboo as biomass fuel, this study is aimed at utilizing the high
potassium content of bamboo ash. Black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolaceae) is first
charred in a simple fixed-bed combustor. The char is then heated at 500 oC in an
electric furnace, producing ash at a yield of 3.3 %-mass (as-received basis) and ash
K2O content of 12.9 %-mass. The ash ground to 100-mesh, and extracted by
deionized water at nominal temperatures of 45-80 oC, and contact periods of 1 to 7
hours. The clear extract is separated by filtration, and the extracted K concentration
is measured by AAS. With an extraction process involving 2-stage countercurrent
batch contactors, extraction temperature of 78 oC and period of 4 hours, an extract
product containing 0.699 equivalent %-mass of K2O is obtained. This concentration
compares favorably with commercial liquid fertilizer products in Indonesia identified
through spot sampling, which contain equivalent K2O in the 0.01 to 2.0 %-mass range.
More rigorous studies to measure the equilibrium correlation, effect of ash production
process, and product value enhancement strategy are needed to fully utilize bamboo
as a biomass fuel.
Keywords:Biomass; Ash; Bamboo; Potassium; Extraction
92

E17
Case Study of Steam Power Plant Energy Conservation

in Gas Processing Plant PT XYZ
Ivan Ruben Darmawan a , Ronggo Ahmad Wikanswastob
a
Undergraduate Student
Chemical Engineering Program ITB, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b
Process Engineer
East Kalimantan 75324,Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: aivenruben@gmail.com
Abstract
PT XYZ which is located in East Kalimantan, operates gas processing plant. Power
generation in this plant mainly comes from Steam Turbine Power Plant which has
high, medium and low pressure steam system. Recently, their operating capacity is
60 MW. The growing concern of energy utilization effectiveness in the world, lead
the efforts to operate the power plant more efficiently. Exergy analysis could be
utilized to analyze and improve of energy systems (Rashad, 2009).
At certain operational condition, their Condensing Turbine is operating on induction
mode and the HP-MP/MP-LP let-down station valve (PRV) is on the open position.
The opening of PRV is inefficient since it will give no work output (Susanto, 2007).
Simultaneous operating condition of induction mode with PRVs on the open position
are potential to be optimized. Induction/extraction mode of operation in Condensing
Turbine could be linked to the operational of PRVs opening/closing (Pelham, 2013).
The energy utilization then will be improved by regulating these Condensing
Turbines induction flow and PRVs opening.
From approximately 2200 ton/hr HP-steam circulation, 14% is directly related to the
exergy efficiency. Power plant steam balance was simulated using Hysys simulator.
From the simulation result, by decreasing 27 ton/hr LP-steam induction flow of
Condensing Turbine, it gave 7 ton/hr HP-steam demand reduction and increase
exergy efficiency of the plant from 89,3% to 89,5% while maintaining constant power
output. The plant test was also conducted during this study. It gave 9 ton/hr HP-steam
demand reduction and 500 Nm3/hr boiler fuel gas reduction (492 MMBTU/day).
Keywords: Power Plant; Condensing Turbine; Let-down station valve;Exergy

efficiency
93

E19
Effect Of The Iron (II) And Manganese (II) Addition For The
Ethanol Production From The Degradation Of Palm Oil Mill
Effluent (Pome) By Anaerobic Processes
Marisa Handajania, Mindriany Syafilab, Andri Gumilar c, David Andriod
a,b,c
Departement of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 40132

Indonesia
d
Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: marisa.handajani@ftsl.itb.ac.id
Abstract
The population growth increase the energy demand in the world. Currently, most the
energy resource derived from the fossil material that can not be refurbished. The
energy crisis prompts us to find an alternative renewable energy sources which is
derived from easily obtainable materials and environmentally friendly. Ethanol is an
alternative fuel that content as a fossil fuels. Wastewater with the high concentration
of the organic can be used for the ethanol production to replace foodstuff as a raw
material. In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the concentration of COD
is 24,500 mg/L has been used as a substrate. Ethanol can be produced in acidogenic
step of organic degradation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the
effect of the metal addition in the substrate metabolic pathways. Circulating bed
reactor (CBR) is used with the flushing N2 1L/min for 24 hours and continued
operates for 72 hours by internal biogas. The additional variation concentration of
Fe(II) ion are 5; 10 and 20 mg/L, and Zn(II) are 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L were added by
combination. The results showed that the combination of Fe(II) 10 mg/L and Zn(II)
1.5 mg/L produced the highest ethanol concentration is 634.5 mg/L and degree of
acidification (DA) 0.380-0.540. Another combination of Fe(II) and Mn(II) provide
results for the ethanol production 349.8-574.4 mg/L with the rate of ethanol
production is 1.0926.5 mg/L/hour.
Keywords : Ethanol; Palm Oil Mill Effluent; Anaerobic process; Metal addition
94

E21
Modelling of Dry Reagent for Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization

Muhammad Arif Susetyo STa*, Prof. Dr. Ir. Herri Susanto b, and David Bachrin MTc
a
Mechanical Engineering Graduate Student
b
Department of Chemical Engineering Professor
c
Chemical Engineering Doctorate Student
Corresponding Authors E-mail: arif_susetyo@yahoo.com
Abstract
Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization is one of the preferred method in Flue Gas
Desulfurization in Power Plant. The limiting factor of Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2) content
in power plant emission is Ministry of Life and Environment regulation no 21 year
2008 that limits the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas approximately 600-1000
mg/Nm3, depending on Power Plant Type and year of Operation. It is common
industrial knowledge that Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP) that burn coal with sulfur
more than 0.35% weight will exceed this limit. This also apply to Diesel power plant
that burn Marine Fuel Oil (2- 4% Weight). While commercially proven Flue Gas
Desulfurization (FGD) method such as Wet Limestone Forced Oxidation (LSFO) is
available, but such method is capitally intensive, complicated, and virtually
impossible for retrofit of Power Plant without FGD. Even though, wet LSFO FGD
is economical in operation cost, with desulfurization cost of less than Rp 10/ kWh for
660
MW
Subcritical
CFPP.
One of the method of FGD that is more suitable for retrofit purposes is Dry Sorbent
FGD, by Duct Sorbent Injection method for CFPP, or by semi fluidized bed absorber
for Diesel Power Plant. This paper studies the SO2 capturing behaviour of Calcium
Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Natrium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in various applicable
parameters. Experiment data shows that NaHCO3 is consistently more effective than
Ca(OH)2 for desulfurization. However, the higher cost of NaHCO3 compared to
Ca(OH)2 and Limestone will result in a much higher desulfurization cost.
Keywords: Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sulfur Dioxide, Power Plant Emission, Coal,
Marine Fuel Oil
95

E23
Simulation of Transient Reverse Flow Operation: Optimizing

Reactor Design for Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene Oxidation
Yogi Wibisono Budhi*,1, Christine Natalia Soekiman1, Stefanus Wijaya1, Neng Tresna1,
Fadhly Mahdy2, Hary Devianto1, and Ferry Iskandar3
1
2
PT. BP Petrochemicals Indonesia
Jl. Raya Merak Km.116, Kel. Rawa Arum, Kec. Grogol, Cilegon
3
Department of Physics
Abstract
Benzene is one of exhaust gas components released from Purified Terephthalic Acid
(PTA) industry. This exhaust gas typically contains around 95 ppm of benzene. Since
benzene is a very harmful component, it requires to be oxidized in order to reduce its
content to maximum 1 ppm. In industry, the catalytic oxidation of benzene over CuMn is usually conducted at temperature of 507 K using extra energy. In this study,
the oxidation of benzene was investigated through modeling and simulation using a
software package FlexPDE version 6.32 with aim to design and develop the dynamic
operation in a reverse flow reactor (RFR). The 1D fixed bed reactor model was
governed involving transient terms for mass and energy balances. The initial and
boundary condition were incorporated in the model as well as heat loss and heat
extraction to maintain the stable operation. To optimize the heat management, it was
considered to determine a proper switching time by varying reactor diameter and
reactor length. The kinetic of benzene oxidation was taken from literature. In the
initial simulation, the residence time of 0.12 s was obtained to convert 98.95%
benzene. This data was then used in the simulation of RFR with varying the reactor
dimentions, switching time, inert length, and insulation width for inlet exhaust gas
0.375 m3/sec. Generally, the reaction temperature and conversion were higher in
larger diameter and declined slowly at longer switching time. However, they became
constant after diameter of 40 cm or higher and rapidly declined for switching time
longer than 15 minutes. The temperature and conversion were higher when longer
inert sections were applied. However too long inert section, more than 45 cm, it
caused the conversion drop. Furthermore, it was also obtained that thicker insulation
rapidly decreased the heat loss and it was slowing down after more than 10 cm thick.
It was also proven that by using RFR, no extra energy was required, which means
that the oxidation of benzene could be autothermally conducted.
96

E23
Keywords: benzene, reactor design, energy saving, optimization, oxidation,

modeling and simulation
97

E24
CO2 Adsorption by Using Wet Anion Exchange Resin

Inside Column for Biogas Purification
Palestine, N. F.a*, Wiratnia, and Mindaryani, A.b
a
ba
Corresponding Authors E-mail: nisapalestine@gmail.com
Abstract
Biogas has been utilized to provide energy. The presence of non combustible gas such
as CO2 in biogas affect engine performance, therefore reducing CO2 will significantly
improve the quality of biogas. In this research, a method for CO 2 removal by
adsorption process is tested by using wet strong base anion exchange resin as
adsorbent in this work is the commercial resin with OH- attached in quartenary
ammonium functional group. Water addition is required to make wet resin to ionize
CO2 from gas phase into the bicarbonate form so that the bicarbonate ion is exchanged
with corresponding ion on the resin.
Biogas was fed from the bottom of the column while factors investigated in this
research were gas flow rate. Variations in gas flow rate used were 1,5 lpm, 1 lpm and
0.5 lpm. The CO2 concentration in the outlet gas stream was recorded as a function
of time and position, and the sample was analyzed using Gas Chromatography.
The batch processes revealed that the data collected match the Langmuir model with
the results for Cmax was 0.0016 gr HCO3-/gr resin and b was 695,034 L/ gr HCO3-.
The packed column experiment revealed that the adsorbent was effective in reacting
with CO2 in the mixed gas. The highest performance was 0.5 lpm gas flow rate and
water-resin ratio 1:3. The value of rate processes parameters k La, kCa, k1 and k2 were
0.1805 1/s; 0.0914 1/s; 0.0073 1/s and 0.0655 1/s respectively.
Keywords: Adsorption; Biogas Purification; CO2 Removal; Ion Exchange; Resin
98

E25
The Development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

with Carbon as Counter Electrode
Syuga Oktavia, Hilham Zamriko Koto, Pramujo Widiatmoko *, Hary Devianto, Isdiriayani
Nurdin
Corresponding Authors E-mail: pramujo@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
The worlds energy consumption which largely from fossil fuels causes various
problems, e.g. carbon dioxide emission. The renewable source of solar energy has
become an environmentally friendly solution because it produces no carbon
emissions. The sunlight can be converted into electricity directly by solar cell. Dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC) is the third generation of solar cells that use dyes to
increase sensitivity of semiconductor in capturing suns irradiance.
The platinum, which is considered as expensive material, is widely used as DSSC
counter electrode. Its necessary to develop cheaper counter electrode from abundant
sources available in Indonesia, i.e carbon. This research studies the effects of carbon
type and roughness applied as counter electrode on the conversion efficiency of solar
to electricity. The carbon size is varied at 80-120 mesh, 120-170 mesh, and 170-230
mesh. Meanwhile natural graphite, commercial activated carbon, and charcoal
activated carbon are utilized.
The carbon-based counter electrode with smaller particles shows better performance,
characterized by greater number of conversion efficiency of solar light. The smaller
particles provides greater surface roughness so that the particles make more contact
with electrolyte solution. Based on type, the charcoal activated carbon provides the
best performance, followed by commercial activated carbon and natural graphite
carbon. The highest and lowest conversion efficiency of solar light is successively
achieved by the cell using 170-230 mesh charcoal activated carbon and 80-120 mesh
natural graphite carbon as counter electrode with value of 2,76% and 0,43%,
consecutively.
Keywords: DSSC; electrode; carbon; performance
99

E32
Freezing Simulation of Compressed Natural Gas Pressure

Regulator
Muhammad Istiqamah Zada, and Antonius Indarto*
Labtek X, Ganesha 10, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: antonius.indarto@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Pressure Reduction Unit (PRU) is provided to reduce the pressure in which the enduser is able to utilize natural gas as fuel gas. The problem is found when the pressure
drops drastically, the phenomenon of freezing occurs in PRU and causes blockage to
the gas flow indicated by the presence of ice. In this study, the pressure regulator has
been simulated and flow characteristics of the regulator have been analyzed
numerically by CFD sofware. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the temperature
and pressure distribution and profile during start-up, steady state, and shut down. The
source of the gas was coming from the compressed natural gas (CNG) tank. For the
temperature profile in regulator, we perform simulations of JouleThomson effect
(isenthalpic temperature drop) depend on pressure profile in regulator. By analyzing
the results of the temperature profile in the regulator against hydrate formation curve,
the simulation could predict the position and time during the hydrate formation.
Moreover, this finding could guide the way to avoid the freezing phenomena.
Keywords: Natural gas; Pressure Reduction Unit; Hydrate; Joule-Thomson effect
100

E33
Hydrodynamic Study on Behaviour of Packed Bed of Zeolite

Particles
Petric Marc Ruya, Joko Waluyo, Yuono, and Herri Susanto*
Corresponding Authors E-mail: herri@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Catalytic tar cracking is one of promising methods for tar reduction in the stream of
synthesis gas produced from biomass gasification. Research on preparation of
modified natural zeolite as a catalyst is being done intensively, and a catalytic tar
cracking reactor is designed to be installed in the down strean of the gasifier. Related
with this aspect, a hydrodynamic study of packed column filled with modified zaolite
particles is reported in this paper. Modified zeolite particles are irregularly shape with
many sharp ends. A mixture of two fractions of particle size are used, i.e: about 4.1
and 2.9 mm. , The average bulk density is about 940 kg/m3 and the average void
fraction is about 0.33. The diameter of the column is about 3.78 cm and the height of
zeolite beds are varied at 9, 19 and 29 cm. The gas flow rates are adjusted at 1.5, 2.0,
2.5 and 3 L/min (measured at 30oC and 700 mmHg). These flow rates correspond to
Reynolds Numbers in the range of 7500 to 28800. Pressure drop and flow pattern in
the bed of particle are studied as these two parameters affect the required energy for
gas flow and the deviation from ideal plug flow reactor. Particle sphericity will be
calculated using Ergun equation. Tracer experiments are conducted using a stream of
air and injection of N2 as disturbance. The respones are the change in N2 concentration
in the outlet of column. Preliminary results indicate that using step function
disturbance the flow pattern are close to ideal plug flow for the zeolite bed height of
9 cm. It slightly deviate at the zeolite bed heights of 19 and 29 cm. Results from this
study will be incorporated in the modelling and simulation of packed bed catalytic tar
cracking reactor.
Keywords: hydrodynamic study, plug flow, zeolite, particle characterisation
101

E36
Effect of Numeral Nutrient Concentration on The Cultivation

of Microalgae Botryococcus braunii with Airlift-Vertigro
Photobioreactor
Monita Pasaribua and Retno Gumilang Dewia
a

Corresponding Authors E-mail: monitapasaribu@gmail.com
Abstract
Microalgae are a potential biomass as a source of biofuels and biofixation CO 2
emissions. From many kind of algae, Botryococcus braunii is a species that contain
relatively high lipid and hydrocarbons. Nutrients are considered to have the potential
effect to cell growth, hydrocarbon content and lipid in the cells are nitrates,
phosphates, and iron. Those concentration was varied in the cultivation medium. In a
small-scale cultivation culture volume of 800 mL, inoculum 10%, room temperature
25-28 C, illumination from fluorescent lamps 7400 lux, air aeration 0.12 L/min,
and CO2 aeration 0.016 L/min. Large-scale cultivation conducted using Airliftvertigro photobioreactor with 80 L of culture volume, inoculum 10%, outdoor
temperature and sunlight depends on the weather conditions, aeration air 12 L/min,
and CO2 aeration of 1.8 L/min. The results of this study indicate that variations of
nutrient concentration has effects on cell growth, as well as lipid and hydrocarbons
in the cell. Higher nutrient concentration increases Botryococcus braunii growth rate,
combinated medium 1 with nitrate concentrations 267 mg/L; iron 13.3 mg/L, and
phosphate 53.3 mg/L gave the highest value of specific growth rate, ie 0.014 hour -1;
but lowest on relative percentage total lipid, ie 17.49% . While nutrient limitation
decreases microalgae growth rate, combinated medium 4 with nitrate concentration
66.7 mg/L; iron 10 mg/L, and phosphate 13.3 mg/L gives the lowest value of specific
growth rate, ie 0.006 hour -1; contrast with it relative percentage total lipid that gave
the highest value, ie 64.25%.
Keywords: Botryococcus braunii; biofuels; CO2 fixation; nutrient; lipid;
hydrocarbon, Airlift-Vertigro Photobioreactor
102

E37
Sulfidation Risk Assessment in Petrochemical Plant

Pramahadi Febriyantoa*, Isdiriayani Nurdin a, Hermawan Judawisastrab and Hary Deviantoa
a
b
Department of Material Engineering
Corresponding Authors E-mail: pramahadi@s.itb.ac.id
Abstract
In process industries, especially petrochemical plant, more and more risk based
decision are employed; for example, risk based inspection (RBI) and risk based
maintenance (RBM). These risk based decisions are initiated by risk assessment
which is derived from the occurred damage mechanisms and represented as damage
factor values. Compared to the existing methodology to determine damage factor for
several damage mechanisms i.e. general corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, fatigue,
methodology to determine damage factor for sulfidation mechanism is not available
yet. Therefore, sulfidation damage factor will be developed, utilizing modified
McConomy curve, to be further incorporated in risk assessment. Risk assessment was
carried out using newly developed software with Microsoft Visual Studio and
Microsoft SQL Database as programming and database language respectively.
Validation of the software result shows that the newly developed software is capable
to predict risk value due to sulfidation.
Keywords: Risk assessment; Damage Factor, Sulfidation; Modified McConomy
curves
103

W04
Application of Adsorbent Coating on Fin system:

Mathematical Formulae
Shazlina Abd Hamid, Suzylawati Ismail*
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: chsuzy@usm.my
Abstract
Treatment of waste dye solution using adsorbent coating on fin system is one of the
new adsorption application techniques that can replace existing conventional
adsorption treatment units that mostly used in industries. Fins act as the media for
adsorbent coating. The main aim of the present study is to develop simple
mathematical equations for fin system by using adsorbent coating formulation coated
on fins surfaces to adsorb Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The coated fins immersed in
the MB solution easily removed up to 90% of MB at the concentration of 100 mg/L
of initial MB dye concentration. The batch equilibrium studies such as effect of dye
concentration, adsorbent thickness, surface area, fin spacing, and mixing rate for the
optimum adsorption of dye have been investigated. The optimal adsorption of dyes
onto adsorbent coating is 277.8 mg/g dependent on initial concentration, thickness of
layer (87 m), surface area of adsorbent (112 cm2) and also mixing rate (300 rpm).
The equilibrium adsorption data was best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating
the adsorption is homogeneous surface and in monolayer state. The mathematical
formula developed from isotherm model of adsorption was revealed to be able to
apply in large scale application for the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial
wastewater since the percentage error between theoretical and experimental value
was less than 15%.
Keywords: Fin system; Adsorbent coating; Mathematical equations; Adsorption;
Methylene blue dye; Dye wastewater treatment
104

W06
Growth Kinetic Modeling of Cyanobacteria Aphanothece sp.

Andhini Nurulfadilah a, Awalinaa,b, Tjandra Setiadia
a

b
Research Center for Limnology-The Indonesian Institute of Sciences, LIPI Cibinong
Science Center, Bogor Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: andhininurul@students.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Cyanobacteria is a prokaryotic photoautotroph organisms that uses light as source of
energy and CO2 as source of inorganic carbon for its growth. This research aims are
to study the effect of CO2 addition variations at two different illumination intensities
(6000 lux and 12000 lux under a light/dark photoperiod of 24:0) on the growth
kinetics and determine suitable mathematical models to quantitively describe
parameters of microalgae growth. The culture of Aphanothece sp. was one of the
isolate collection of Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical
Engineering ITB which originated from the inlet of an urban lake, Rawa Kalong,
Cimanggis, Depok, Jawa Barat. Experiments carried out in three 3 L photobioreactors
which respectively each of them were PBR K (0.04% CO2), PBR A (8% CO2), and
PBR B (15% CO2). Cultivation of Aphanothece sp. were done at room temperature
281 C, aeration rate 3 L/min, for 15 days, and in three running periods. Four models
(Logistic, Logistic with lag, modified Gompertz, and Baranyi-Roberts) were used to
evaluate the growth kinetics of Aphanothece sp. It was observed that Logistic model
was the most fitted to experimental data of growth kinetic resulting R2=0.925-0.952.
The highest final biomass of Aphanothece sp. was achieved at PBR B under light
intensity of 6000 lux (Xmax=1.49 g/L), while max in both of illuminations were not
significantly different. In terms of the maximum biomass productivity (P max) , it were
found 0.123 g/L/day (in 6000 lux) and 0.139 g/L/day (in 12,000 lux). These results
indicated that Aphanothece sp. has prospective potential to be used as agent for CO2
capture efforts and outdoors cultivation mode.
Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Aphanothece sp., photoautotroph, growth kinetic,
modeling
105

W07
Substrate Adsorption Effects of Natural Zeolite as the

Microbial Immobilization Medium in Anaerobic Treatment of
Landfill Leachate
Wijdan Pratiwia, Melly Mellyanawatyb , Chandra Wahyu Purnomoa, and Wiratni
Budhijantoa*
a
b
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya Indonesia
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a serious problem as it currently takes a large area in the landfill
sites for the retention ponds. One of the plausible solutions for the leachate problem
is high rate anaerobic reactor with microbial immobilization. Indonesian natural
zeolite is a potential medium for microbial immobilization to be applied in anaerobic
reactors. The abundant availability of the zeolite in Indonesia makes it promising as
cheap medium for waste treatment application, which always seeks for lowest
possible cost.
The anticipated drawback of zeolite is its hydrophilic characteristic that could
increase the nutrient bonding onto the charged sites. To some extent, the adsorption
capacity is beneficial if it could bind the inhibitors so that the microbes are less
affected by the inhibitors. On the other hand, the excessive binding of required
nutrients could cause microbe starvation.
This study aimed to study substrate adsorption effects of zeolite when it is applied in
anaerobic reactor treating landfill leachate. The adsorption study was conducted in
artificial liquid medium with acetic acid representing the beneficial substrate and
ammonium hydroxide representing the inhibitor in the landfill leachate. Experiments
were run in acetic acid batch, ammonium batch, and mixed acetic acid/ammonium
batch. The adsorption capacity in each run was evaluated by means of adsorption
equilibrium model. The result of this study is complementary to the kinetic study of
the landfill leachate anaerobic process, especially in order to estimate the optimum
amount of zeolite and the frequency of regeneration when it is applied in anaerobic
reactors.
Keywords: zeolite; anaerobic reactor; immobilization medium; leachate;
adsorption
106

O03
Effect of Wetting Agent Ratio in Bitumen Separation Process from

Asbuton by Hot Water Process
Zakijah Irfin a*, Ali Altway a, Susianto a and Suprapto a
a
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember ,Surabaya Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: zirfin@gmail.com
Abstract
Hot Water Process is one of methods used to separate the oil sand. Asbuton including
oil sand which is difficult to separate because of their physical properties and mineral
composition. Hot water Process (HWP) on Asbuton was divided into two processes,
digestion (cooking) and sedimentation. Applications of Hot Water Process on
Asbuton of Kabungka aims to increase the% recovery of bitumen by adding diesel
oil, sodium hydroxida (NaOH) and LAS as surfactant. NaOH and LAS is a wetting
agent which improves wettability of the mineral so as to facilitate bitumen release
from minerals. This study focuses on the effect of adding surfactants LAS-NaOH
solution (Rwa) and LAS concentration against % recovery of bitumen.
The digester consist of a cylindrical tank with diameter of 10,8 cm, height of 20 cm,
and the tank is equipped with agitator of type disc turbine with diameter of 8 m.
Asbuton that has been dissolved in diesel oil with a certain ratio was put in a digester
tank at a temperature of 90C, and the contents was agitated with rotation speed of
250 rpm for 30 minutes. LAS surfactant solution with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%,
1.5%, 2% by weight was added to a solution of NaOH at a concentration of 1% by
weight. LAS surfactant-NaOH solution (Rwa) was heated at a temperature of 90 C
and mixed into the digester tank with a ratio of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% by weight of
the total solution.NaOH is used for pH conditioners, activate natural surfactant
contained in Asbuton thus changing the behavior of the surface, making it easier
release of bitumen-mineral. LAS surfactant helps to lower the interfacial tension
between the bitumen-water so the bitumen can be separated perfectly from the
mineral layer.
Asbuton initial bitumen concentration of Kabungka is 21.145%. The highest %
recovery gained was 97% on variable LAS surfactant concentration of 1.5% and%
Rwa = 25%.
Keywords: wetting agent, HWP, Rwa, % recovery bitumen
109

O04
Synthesis of Water Soluble Copolymers of Acrylamide(2-Acrylamido-2 Methylepropanesulfonic Acid)

for Enhanced Oil Recovery
a
A. Z. Abidin a*, M.A.Elsadika,

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: zainal@che.itb.ac.id and mitraiqro@yahoo.com
Abstract
In this research, AM-AMPS copolymer has been synthesized in aqueous solution
using ammonium persulfite and sodium metabisulfite as redox initiator at 25 oC.The
variables that are varied in this copolymerization reaction are Acrylamide to AMPS
weight ratio in the reaction mixture (90:10, 80: 20, and 70:30 wt%). Characterization
of resulting product is performed using Brookfield Viscometer, ATR-IR and TGADSC. In addition the rheological properties of polymers were carried out to determine
the effect temperature and salinity on the viscosity of the resulting product.The result
of analysis showed that the copolymerization of these monomers using weight ratio
(70:30 wt %) resulting in (AM-AMPS) copolymer with optimum Brookfield
viscosity 162 cp. The IR spectrum confirmed the presence of AM and AMPS in the
synthetic copolymer. The rheological properties results showed that no significant
decrease in viscosity detected in the solution 500 ppm of AM-AMPS copolymers at
30-90 C0, hence the thermal stability of this solution was higher than the other
concentrations. In addition, the thermal stability of AM-AMPS copolymer was also
compared with Commercial Chinese EOR polymer. The viscosity of AM-AMPS
solutions at 500 ppm and 1000 ppm was higher than of the commercial polymer at
temperatures 50-90 C0. This result indicated that this copolymer had a good thermal
stability. The salinity resistance measurements were done by adding salt (NaCL) into
polymer solution, and the result showed that AM-AMPS had a slight resistance to
salinity.
Keywords: Polymer flooding, AM/AMPS copolymers, EOR
110

O06
Removal of Copper (II) ion in Aqueous Solutions by Sorption

onto Fly Ash
Lita Darmayanti1*, Suprihanto Notodarmodjo1, Enri Damanhuri1
1
Environmetal Engineering Department
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*Corresponding Authors E-mail: darmayanti2708@gmail.com
Abstract
Fly ash is the by-product of thermal power station that contains fine particles made
up of metal oxides, carbon and other microelements. The effects of physicochemical
properties of two fly ash on the Cu ion adsorption were investigated. Adsorbents were
characterized on the basis of XRF, XRD, and SEM. The batch experiments were
carried out to investigate the effect of pH, contact time and dose adsorbent. The
optimum conditions for removal of copper ion were found. The optimum pH is 5,
contact time is 30 minutes and 60 minutes for fly ash 1 and fly ash 2 respectively and
dose is 10 g/l. Adsorption data obtained were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm
equation. The adsorption capacity of fly ash 1 ranged from 7.1 to 10.9 mg Cu/g fly
ash while those for fly ash 2 were only 5.0 5.9 mg Cu/g fly ash. The sigificant
difference capacity adsorption between both of fly ash may be due to their carbon
fraction and CaO content. The removal of Cu (II) ion was caused to both adsorption
and/or precipitation. Precipitation increases with a decreasing of carbon fraction and
increasing of CaO content.
Keywords: adsorption, Cu ion, fly ash
111

O08
Preparation of Nano-catalyst Pt with Cellulose Nano Crystals

as Catalyst Support
Arie wibowoa, Rachmad Santosoa, Hermawan Judawisastraa and Yogi Wibisono Budhib,*
a
Department of Material Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132

Indonesia
b
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132
Indonesia
*
Corresponding Author E-mail: Y.Wibisono@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Catalytic converter is one of promising technology to control exhaust gas emission
level by converting toxic gases in exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants. The
performance of this device can be significantly elevated by application of nanocatalyst, which is able to increase the reaction rate even at very lean concentration of
the reactant and get rid-of the mass and heat transfers. However, nanoparticles are not
stable and tend to agglomerate, thus prohibiting the formation of nanoparticles and
decreasing their catalytic activity. One of strategy to reduce particle size of catalyst
is by using cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) as catalyst support since CNCs are able to
prevent the agglomeration process of nano-sized catalyst. Herein, we reported
preparation of nano-catalyst Pt with focus on reducing particle size of Pt by using
CNCs as catalyst support and obtaining the optimum temperature for preparation of
nano-catalyst Pt. The influence of CNCs to reduce particle size of Pt was studied by
comparing formation of Pt with and without CNCs as catalyst support and identified
by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. The optimum temperature
condition for preparation of nano-catalyst Pt was studied by varying temperature of
both deposition and reduction process from 25 40C and characterized by visual
observation and UV-VIS spectra. Particle size of Pt was successfully reduced from
micron-size of Pt (diameter around 12 m) to nano-sized of Pt (diameter around 15
nm) by using CNCs as catalyst support. The highest deposition rate of nano-catalyst
Pt and reduction process was observed at 40C.
Keywords: nano-catalyst Pt, catalytic converter, cellulose nano crystals
112

O09
Optimization of Separator Number in Hydrodesulfurization

Unit
Aprifiana Dwi Jayanti, and Antonius Indarto*
Labtek X, Ganesha 10, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
Corresponding Authors E-mail: antonius.indarto@che.itb.ac.id
Abstract
Removal of acid gases, such as H2S, is required to obtain sales gas specification.
Hydrodesulphurization process (HDS) is widely used to remove H 2S from
hydrocarbons in oil refineries. HDS unit employs separator system that serves to
separate H2S and other volatiles from liquid hydrocarbons at a certain pressure and
temperature. The use of suitable separator can minimize H 2S concentration in the
product in increase the yield of product. Optimization of the number of separator
performed on the system was evaluated based on technical performance and
economics. Based on process simulation data, all separator systems are able to meet
the specifications of H2S in the desired product (>99% of purity) but resulting
different capital and operational costs. Two separator system showed the best
performance in terms of both energy efficiency with the lowest capital and operating
cost.
Keywords: Acid Gas Removal, Natural Gas, Process Simulation,
Hydrodesulphurization, Separator
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