ASSIGNMENT - 1

Manjeet Singh
15CS01045

INSTRUMENT SCREW GAUGE

Screw Gauge consists of U shaped metallic frame. To one side of
this U frame a long hallow cylindrical tube with a nut inside it, the
inner side of cylindrical nut contains a uniform thread cut in it. On
the other side of U frame a fixed stud S1 with a plane face is
attached.

A screw S2 is fitted in the cylindrical nut. One side of the

screw S2 has a plane face similar to that of stud S1. The faces
of S1 and S2 are plane and parallel to one another. The other end
of the screw S2 carries a milled head H attached to a cap C
with a sloping edge. When the head H is rotated, the screw moves
to and fro in the nut. The milled head H is provided with a safety
device D to rotate the head H. When the object is held between
the stud S1 and screw S2 and the head H is rotated using the
safety device (D), it produces crackling sound when optimum
pressure is applied on the object.
The outer surface of long cylindrical nut consists of a thick
horizontal line P parallel to the axis of cylindrical tube. This line

P is called Index line. Along the index line a scale is graduated in

millimeters. This scale is called Pitch Scale. On the sloping edge of
the cap C a circular scale is graduated, which consists of 100
equal divisions, this scale is called Head scale.
PRINCIPLE AND WORKING :
The screw gauge works on the principle of screw.
When we rotate the head H by means of safety device D
through one complete rotation, the distance moved by the screw
for every complete rotation is constant. This constant distance
moved by the screw for one complete rotation of head H is
called Pitch of the screw. If the head scale has 100 equal divisions,
then the distance moved by the screw for even 1/100 of a
complete rotation can be measured accurately, this is called
Least count of screw gauge.
Least Count = Pitch of the Screw/ Number of divisions on
head scale

ZERO ERROR CORRECTION :

To determine the ZERO ERROR, the head H is rotated until the flat
end of the screw S2 touches the plane surface of the stud S1 (do
not apply excess pressure) i.e. we have to rotate the head only
by means of safety device D only.

When S1 and S2 are in contact, the zero of the head scale

perfectly coincides with the index line . In such case there will be
no ZERO ERROR and no correction is required.
When S1 and S2 are in contact, the zero of the head scale is
below the index line , such ZERO ERROR is called positive ZERO
ERROR, and the correction is negative.
When S1 and S2 are in contact, the zero of the head scale is
above the index line , such ZERO ERROR is called negative
ZERO ERROR, and the correction is positive.

USES OF SCREW GAUGE :

1. It can be used to measure the diameter of a very thin wire of
order 0.1 mm.
2. Thickness of sheets and foils can be measured by screw
gauge.
3. A micrometer screw gauge with a calibrated screw can be
used to measure small distances in machining and
mechanical engineering.