C2 revision questions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

What is an atoms mass number?
What is an isotope?
Calculate the relative formula mass for carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is meant by the term mole?
Calculate the percentage by mass of carbon in carbon dioxide.
How many molecules of sodium react with 1 molecule of chlorine to make two
sodium chlorides? (2Na + Cl2 2NaCl)
8. What is meant by the term yield?
9. Give reasons to explain why the yield of a reaction may be less than expected.
10.
Draw the arrow to show a reaction is reversible.
11.
What is chromatography used for?
12.
Give an advantage and a disadvantage for using gas chromatography
over paper chromatography.
13.
What is a mass spectrometer used for?
14.
How do you work out the rate of a reaction?
15.
What two things needs to happen for particles to react?
16.
State 4 ways to speed up a chemical reaction.
17.
Why do catalysts not need to be replaced?
18.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
19.
Give a use for exothermic reactions.
20.
In a reversible reaction 500 J of energy is released in the forward reaction.
What happens in the reverse reaction?
21.
What is the pH of an acid?
22.
What are ammonium salts used for?
23.
What does the symbol (aq) stand for?
24.
What salt is made when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
25.
What are the products of the reaction between an acid and a metal?
26.
What are the products of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?
27.
What is a precipitate?
28.
What is the symbol equation for a neutralisation reaction?
29.
What will be the formed at the electrodes in the electrolysis of Magnesium
Chloride solution?
30.
What will be formed at the electrodes in the electrolysis of copper chloride
solution?
31.
Why do ionic compounds need to be molten or in solution to do
electrolysis?
32.
What happens at the negative electrode during electrolysis?
33.
Why do the electrodes need to be replaced in aluminium extraction?
34.
Why is cryolite used in aluminium extraction?
35.
What are the products of the electrolysis of brine and what are there uses?
36.
What is electroplating?

Answers:
1. 1

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

An element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
12+16+16 = 44
The relative formula mass of a substance in grams.
(12/44)x100 = 27.3 %
2.
The amount of useful product obtained from a reaction.

Reaction may be incomplete

Some product is lost
Other unwanted reactions may occur making a different product.
Reaction may be reversible

10.
11.
Separate mixtures)
12.
Advantages = rapid, accurate, sensitive. Disadvantages = expensive.
13.
Identify substances or measure a compounds relative molecular mass.
14.
Rate of reaction = amount of reactant used or product formed / time
15.
Collide with enough energy.
16.
Increase concentration, increase temperature, increase surface area and
use a catalyst.
17.
They are not used up during a chemical reaction.
18.
Exothermic give out heat (temperature increases) endothermic takes in
heat (temperature decreases)
19.
Self heating cans / hand warmers
20.
500 J of energy is absorbed.
21.
pH 1-pH6
22.
Fertilisers
23.
Aqueous (Dissolved in solution)
24.
Magnesium Chloride
25.
Salt and hydrogen
26.
Salt and Water
27.
A insoluble solid formed in a reaction in a solution
28.
H+ + OH- H2O
29.
Hydrogen at the negative electrode and oxygen at the positive
30.
Copper at the negative and chlorine gas at the positive
31.
So the ions are free to move between the electrodes
32.
Positive ions gain an electron (reduction)
33.
Oxygen reacts with the carbon electrode making carbon dioxide and
damaging it,
34.
Lowers temperature require to do electrolysis as aluminium oxide has a
very high melting point.
35.
Chlorine Gas- Bleach and PVC, Hydrogen gas- Food industry- making
margarine and Sodium hydroxide- Bleach and soap
36. The coating an object with a thin layer of metal by electrolysis.