Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]
MCQs

1. The graph shows the amount of antibody produced in response to an antigen. From the graph,
which statement is correct?

A It takes 25 days to achieve active immunity.

B Memory cells for this antigen are present in the body within 20 days.
C A second exposure to the antigen occurred on day 20.
D T helper cells are activated on day 12.

2. For a period after its birth, a human baby is immune to most of the diseases to which its mother is
immune. Which form of immunity does this represent?
A artificial active
B artificial passive
C natural active
D natural passive
3. Immune responses may be specific or non-specific. Which response is a specific immune response?
A inflammation
B phagocytosis
C production of antibodies
D release of histamine
4. The graph shows the primary and secondary responses of the immune system to antigens.

What are responses X and Y?

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

5. A persons blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. People have
antibodies in their plasma even if they have never received a blood transfusion. It is these antibodies
in the plasma of the person who receives the blood that make some blood transfusions unsafe.
The table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups.

People with which blood groups can safely receive a transfusion of group A blood?
A A and B
B A and AB
C A, B and AB
D A and O
6. What is the immune systems first line of defence against invading microorganisms?
A ingestion of the microorganisms by B-lymphocytes
B ingestion of the microorganisms by phagocytes
C production of antibodies
D production of antigens
7. Which description is correct for B-lymphocytes?

8. An antiserum to a snake toxin can be obtained by injecting the toxin into a horse. The antiserum is
made from plasma taken from the horse a few weeks later. The antiserum is used to treat a person
who has been bitten by the same species of snake.
What does the persons treatment bring about?
A artificial active immunity
B artificial passive immunity
C natural active immunity
D natural passive immunity
9. The diagram shows different elements concerned with the immune response in humans.

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

What are the parts numbered 1 to 4?

10. The graph shows the level of antibody in serum following vaccination and a challenge with the same
antigen 28 days later.

Which cells account for the difference in antibody concentration at the peaks of the primary and
secondary responses?
A B-lymphocytes
B memory cells
C phagocytes
D T-lymphocytes
11. The diagram shows the relationship between the red bone marrow, the thymus gland and the lymph
nodes.

What does X represent?

A antibodies
B B-lymphocytes

C macrophages

D T-lymphocytes

12. What is the difference between B and T lymphocytes in the immune system?

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

13. Cells which divide and give rise to lymphocytes are called stem cells. Where in the human body do
these stem cells divide?
A bone marrow
B lymph nodes
C spleen
D thymus
14. The numbers on the diagram refer to different types of immunity.

Which term is correct for each of these numbers?

15. What is the function of the plasma cells during an immune response?
A to secrete antibodies
B to engulf bacteria
C to kill cells infected with viruses
D to change into memory cells
16. Which sequence of events correctly describes the action of a phagocyte when a pathogen is
encountered?
A endocytosis digestion by lysosome enzymes phagocytic vacuole formation
exocytosis
B endocytosis phagocytic vacuole formation digestion by lysosome enzymes
exocytosis
C exocytosis phagocytic vacuole formation digestion by lysosome enzymes
phagocytosis
D phagocytosis digestion by lysosome enzymes phagocytic vacuole formation endocytosis
17. Where are antibodies and antigens found?

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

18. The following statements describe some of the stages in phagocytosis.

1 Bacteria become surrounded in a phagocytic vacuole.
2 Bacteria release chemicals that attract neutrophils.
3 Lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vacuole.
4 Receptor proteins on the neutrophil bind to the bacteria.
Which order defines the correct sequence for phagocytosis?

19. Which examples show the different types of immunity?

20. What is the first response by the immune system to a pathogen?

A ingestion of the pathogen by B-lymphocytes
B ingestion of the pathogen by phagocytes
C production of antibodies
D production of antigens

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

Theory:
1. (a) Explain how the virus that causes measles is transmitted.
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........................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Antibodies against measles are produced by plasma cells during an immune response. Fig. 2.1 shows
a diagram of an antibody molecule.

Explain the functions of the parts labelled A, B and C.

(i) A
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) B
...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879

Cambridge AS level Biology

[SECTION: J IMMUNITY]

(iii) C
...............................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
2. One role of the cell surface membrane is to control the entry and exit of substances.
(a) Complete Table 1.1 to show the transport mechanisms across cell surface membranes and examples
of materials transported.

(b) Each transport mechanism across cell surface membranes has a characteristic set of features.
In each of the boxes below, state one example of a transport mechanism that matches

Waleed Ahmad Khan (ECP 2013 2015)

|Phone. 0347-4443879