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Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Tribe: Delphinieae
Genus: Aconitum
L.
subgenera[1]
Aconitum subgenus Aconitum
Aconitum subgenus Lycoctonum (DC.) Peterm.
for species see below
Aconitum (/?k?'na?t?m/),[2] also known as aconite, monkshood, wolf's bane, leopar
d's bane, mousebane, women's bane, devil's helmet, Queen of all Poisons, or blue
rocket, is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the fam
ily Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous perennial plants are chiefly native to the m
ountainous parts of the northern hemisphere,[3] growing in the moisture-retentiv
e but well-draining soils of mountain meadows. Most species are extremely poison
ous[4] and must be dealt with carefully.
Contents
1
Description
2
Ecology
3
Uses
4
Cultivation
5
Toxicology
6
Medicinal use
7
Etymology
8
In literature
8.1
As a poison
8.2
Wolf's bane
8.3
In mysticism
9
Gallery
10
Taxonomy
10.1
Species
10.2
Natural hybrids
11
References
12
External links
Description[edit]
The dark green leaves of Aconitum species lack stipules. They are palmate or dee
ply palmately lobed with 5 7 segments. Each segment again is 3-lobed with coarse s
harp teeth. The leaves have a spiral (alternate) arrangement. The lower leaves h
ave long petioles.
Dissected flower of Aconitum vulparia, showing the nectaries
The tall, erect stem is crowned by racemes of large blue, purple, white, yellow
or pink zygomorphic flowers with numerous stamens. They are distinguishable by h
aving one of the five petaloid sepals (the posterior one), called the galea, in
the form of a cylindrical helmet; hence the English name monkshood.[3] There are
2 10 petals. The two upper petals are large and are placed under the hood of the
calyx and are supported on long stalks. They have a hollow spur at their apex, c
ontaining the nectar. The other petals are small and scale-like or non-forming.
The 3 5 carpels are partially fused at the base.
The fruit is an aggregate of follicles, a follicle being a dry many-seeded struc
ture.
Ecology[edit]
Aconitum species have been recorded as food plant of the caterpillars of several
moths. The Yellow Tiger Moth Arctia flavia, and the Purple-shaded Gem Euchalcia
variabilis are at home on A. vulparia.[5] The Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia,
Yellow-tail Euproctis similis, Mouse Moth Amphipyra tragopoginis, Pease Blossom
Aconitum
Aconitum
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m
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Aconitum
charkeviczii
chasmanthum
chinense: Siebold.&Zucc.[34] aka Aconitum carmichaelii var. truppelianu
cochleare
columbianum (Western Monkshood)
confertiflorum
consanguineum
coreanum
crassifolium
cymbulatum
czekanovskyi
decipiens
degenii (syn. A. variegatum ssp. paniculatum)
delphinifolium (Larkspurleaf Monkshood)
desoulavyi
ferox (Indian Aconite)
firmum
fischeri (Fischer Monkshood)
flerovii
gigas
gracile (synonym of A. variegatum ssp. variegatum)
helenae
hemsleyanum (Climbing Monkshood)
henryi (Sparks Variety Monkshood)
hosteanum
infectum: Arizona Monkshood
jacquinii (synonym of A. anthora)
jaluense
jenisseense
karafutense
karakolicum
kirinense
koreanum
krylovii
kunasilense
kurilense
kusnezoffii: Kusnezoff Monkshood
kuzenevae
lamarckii
lasiostomum
leucostomum
longiracemosum
lycoctonum
macrorhynchum
maximum (Kamchatka Aconite)
miyabei
moldavicum
montibaicalense
nanum
napellus (Monkshood; type species)
nasutum
nemorum
neosachalinense
noveboracense (Northern Blue Monkshood)
ochotense
orientale
paniculatum
paradoxum
pascoi
Aconitum pavlovae
Aconitum pilipes
Aconitum plicatum
Aconitum podolicum
Aconitum productum
Aconitum pseudokusnezowii
Aconitum puchonroenicum
Aconitum raddeanum
Aconitum ranunculoides
Aconitum reclinatum (Trailing White Monkshood)
Aconitum rogoviczii
Aconitum romanicum
Aconitum rotundifolium
Aconitum rubicundum
Aconitum sachalinense
Aconitum sajanense
Aconitum saxatile
Aconitum sczukinii
Aconitum septentrionale
Aconitum seravschanicum
Aconitum sichotense
Aconitum smirnovii
Aconitum soongaricum
Aconitum stoloniferum
Aconitum stubendorffii
Aconitum subalpinum
Aconitum subglandulosum
Aconitum subvillosum
Aconitum sukaczevii
Aconitum taigicola
Aconitum talassicum
Aconitum tanguticum
Aconitum tauricum
Aconitum turczaninowii
Aconitum umbrosum
Aconitum uncinatum (Southern Blue Monkshood)
Aconitum variegatum
Aconitum volubile
Aconitum vulparia (Wolfsbane)
Aconitum woroschilovii
Natural hybrids[edit]
Aconitum austriacum
Aconitum cammarum
Aconitum hebegynum
Aconitum oenipontanum (A. variegatum ssp. variegatum ssp. paniculatum)
Aconitum pilosiusculum
Aconitum platanifolium (A. lycoctonum ssp. neapolitanum ssp. vulparia)
Aconitum zahlbruckneri (A. napellus ssp. vulgare A. variegatum ssp. variegatum)
References[edit]
^ a b Jabbour, Florian; Renner, Susanne S. (2012). "A phylogeny of Delphinieae (
Ranunculaceae) shows that Aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that Late Mio
cene transition to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincid
e with bursts in diversification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62: 92
8 942. doi:10.1016/j.ympwv.2011.12.005.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606 607
^ a b c d e f One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a p
ublication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aconite". Ency
clopdia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 151 152.
^ Hay, R. (Consultant Editor) second edition 1978. Reader's Digest Encyclopedia
of Garden Plants and Flowers. The Reader's Digest Association Limited.
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