BAB II

ENGLISH TENSES
A. Simple Present Tenses
This is the form of the Simple Present of To Be:
Subject Be (is, am, are) + Complement

I Am .

We / You / They Are .

He / She / It Is ....

We use am with I.
We use are with we, you, they, and with all plural subjects
We use is with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third person.

I am a teacher
I am Indonesian
You are a student
She Is Diligent
He Is not a TV repoter
Samsul Is 17 years
They (example : James and
are film starts
Jane)
We are Happy
You and I (= We) are on Holiday
Ice Is Cold
It Is not Sunday
Running every week Is Healthy
To study hard Is Very good
What he wants to buy Is a new car

This is the form of the Simpe Present Tenses of Read, Learn, Stop, Speak, Go, etc :
Subject Present Tenses or Verb-1
I/We/You/They Read Learn Stop speak Go
He/She/It reads Learn Stops speak goe
s s s
We use read, learn, stop, speak and go with I, we, you, they.
 We use reads, learns, stop, speaks and goes with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in
the third person.

The students Speak English on Wednesdays

They Learn Mathematics everday
I Finish My job
They bus Stops At the bus stop
They Earth Revolves The Sun
around
The Sun Rises In the east
Smoking Damages Your lungs
That this food contains poison Surprises All of us
To love him Brings Her to Europe
Example
(+) they play football everyday.
(- )they do not play football everyday
(?)do they play football everyday ?
(-?)do they not play football everyday?

B. Present Continuous /Progressive Tenses

This is the form of the Present Continuous /Progressive Tenses of Practice, Watch,
Discuss, Leave,etc : 1A
Subject Be (is/am/are) +Verb-1+ing
I Am Am Am Am
practising watching discussing leaving
We/You/They Are Are Are Are
practising watching discussing leaving
He/She/It Is practising Is Is Are
watching discussing leaving
We use am practising, am watching, am discussing, am leaving with I.
We use are practising, are watching, are discussing, are leaving with we, you they, and
with all plural subjects.
We use is practising, is watching, is discussing, is leaving with he, she, it and all
singular subjects in the third person.

Examples :

They Are practicing English now

I Am watching TV at the moment
 We Are discussing a problem tomorrow
Anita Is writing a letter now
We Are leaving For Sumatra next week
Example
(+) they are studying english now
(-) they are not studying english now
(?) are they studying english now?
(-?) are they not studying english now?

C. Present Perpect Tense

This is the form of the Present Perpect Tense of read, Returned, Lived, Written, etc:
Subject have/has + Verb Past Participle or Verb3 +.....................................
......
I have read have returned have have
lived written
We/You/The have read have returned have have
y lived written
He/She/It has read has returned has has
lived written

We use have read, have returned, have lived, have written with I, we, you, they, and
with all plural subjects
We use has read, has returned, has lived, has written with he, she, it and all singular
subjects in the third person.
Examples:
Rita has read the letter
I have turned on the letter
Rina have just returned the light
Those people have lived in Java for 25 years
Irwansyah has worked for PT. Astra Internasional In Jakarta
Mr. Simon has written three books this month
That old man has smoked ten cigarettes today
The worker has painted the wall
We have eaten up all apple
Example
(+) they have played football
(-) they have not played football
(?) have they played football?
(-?) have they not played football
D. Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive
This is the form of the Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense of Learn,
Travel, Visit, Do , etc:
Subject have/has + Verb Past Participle or Verb-3 + ....................
I have been have been have have been
learning traveling been doing
visiting
We/You/They have been have been have have been
learning traveling been doing
visiting
He/She/It has been has been has has been
learning traveling been doing
visiting
We use have been learning, have been traveling, have been visiting, have been
doing with I, we, they, and with all plural subjects.
We use has been learning, has been traveling, has been visiting, has been doing
with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third person.
Examples :
She has been learning English since she was in Elementary School
I have been traveling to Australia since 10 oclock
I have been visiting Bogor Palace
They have been doing a TOEFL test preparation
Greg has been playing tennis for five hours
The has been repairing his car
mechanic

E. Simple Past tense

This is the form of the Simple Past tense of TO BE:
Subject was/were +....................................................
I Was ......................................................
We/You/They Were ......................................................
He/She/It Was ......

We use was with I

We use were with we, you, they, and with all plural subjects
We use was with he, she, it, and all singular subjects in the third person.
 Example :
I Was a student at that time
Farida Was a teacher in 1975
He Was a TV reporter
You Were an actor then
We Were there yesterday
Rose Was busy last night
It Was a nice day
Her daughter Was in Japan for 5 years
They Were at the beach last Saturday
Mr. Simon and Mrs. Were in Semarang a week ago
Grace
Example
(+) you went to school yesterday
(-) you did not go to school yesterday
(?) did go to school yesterday?
(-?)did you not go to school yesterday?

This is the form of the Simple Past Tenseof Visit, Meat, Busy, Build, etc:
Subject Verb-2 +.......................................................
I/We/You? visited Met bought built Went
They
He/She/It visited Met bought built Went

We use visited, met, bought, built, went, with: I, we, you, they, and he, she, it, and
all singular and plural subjects.
Examples :
I Visited Bali Last year
Rini Met her old friend
Mr. Hasan Bought a new car two day ago
They Went to China yesterday
Thomas A Edison Invented Electricity
This hotel was build in 1975
Amanda worked for TV7 for ten years

F. Countinuous or Progressive Tense

This is the of the Past Countinuous or Progressive Tense of Watch, Attend, Do,
Ask, etc:
Subject + was/were + Verb-1 + ing Subject + Verb-2
Subject + Verb-2 Subject + was/were + Verb-1 + ing
WHEN or
 WHILE
I was watching was attending was doing was asking
We/You/They ware watching was attending was doing ware asking
He/She/It was watching was attending was doing was asking
We use was wathching, was attending, was doing, was working with I, he, she it,
and all singular subjects in the third person.
We use were watching, were attending, were doing, were asking with we, you,
they, and with all plural subjects.
Examples:
Someone knocked the door When I was watching TV
Adam was talking to the While his wife was crying
policeman
I met Lenny When she was attending a party
She was having lunch While a beggar was asking for money
They were doing their jobs When the bomb exploded

G. Past Perfect Tenses

This is the form of the Past Perfect Tenses of Arrive, Finish, Get, Wait, etc:
Subject + had + verb Past participle or Verb-3 + ..
I Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited
We/You/They Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited
He/She/It Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited
We use had arrived, had finished, had got, had waited with I, we, you, they, and he,
she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
All ministers had arrived at the Before Mr. President came
Presidential Palace

Before Mr. President came All ministers had arrived

at the Presidential Palace

I went to Galeria Mall After I had finished my

homework

Hundreds of passengers had When The plane came

waited for two hours

Tanaka had got his university Before He became a mananger of

degree PT. Suzi.
H. Past Perfect Continuous/Progessive Tense
This is the form of the Past Perfect Continuous/Progessive Tense of Work, Live,
Travel, etc:
Subject + Had + been + Verb-1 + ing Before / after + Subject + past Participle/Verb-3
I Had been working Had been living Had been traveling
We/You/They Had been living Had been living Had been traveling
He/She/It Had been traveling Had been living Had been traveling

We use had been working, had been living, had been traveling with I, we, you, they,
and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
Samson had been working at the PT. before He died
Gobel for twenty years
I had been living in this town for ten before I moved
years
Henny had been traveling to Sumatra for before She went back to
a week Semarang
Example
(+) we shall have been studying english
(-) we shall not have been studying english
(?)shall we have been studying english?
(-?) shall we not have been studying english?

I. Future tense
This is the form of The Future tense of Will take , Will Go, Will Stay, Will Be, etc:
Subject Will + Verb-1
I/We/You/They Wil take Will stay Will reach
He/She/It Wil go Will be Will consider

We use will take, will go, will be, will stay, will reach, will consider with: I, we,
you, they, and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
I Will take An examination tomorrow
They Will go To Aceh next Sunday
The soldiers Will be Home tonight
We Will reach Kintamani soon
The Will consider Your proposal
 government
You Will be Safer when you drive carefully
Mr. Simon Will stay Her ten years from now
Example
(+) she will play tennis tomorrow
(-) she will not play tennis tomorrow
(?) will she play tennis tomorrow?
(-?) will she not play tennis tomorrow?

J. Future Continuous/Progressive Tense

This is the form of The Future Continuous/Progressive Tense of Will be
arriving, Will be shining, Will be coming, etc:
Subject Will be + ing + ..
I/We/You/They Will be coming Wil be arriving Will be shining
He/She/It Will be coming Wil be arriving Will be shining

We use will be coming, will be arriving, Will be shining with: I,We,You,They, and
he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects.
Examples:
I Will be coming Tomorrow
The guests Will be arriving At this time tomorrow
The sun Will be shining brightly

The Future Continuous/Progressive Tense is a verb form that is used to express:

An activity that will be in progress at a time in the future, for example:
I will be coming tomorrow
The guests will be arriving at this tomorrow
The sun will be shining brightly
Time Markers that are usually used:
At this time tomorrow
Next week
Next month
Next year
Until + S + Verb-1
 When, etc.
Example
(+) he will be driving the car this afternoon
(-) he will not be driving the car this afternoon
(?) will he be driving the car this afternoon?
(-?) will he be not driving the car this afternoon?

K. Future perfect Tense

This is the form of the Future perfect Tense of Pass, Marry, and Check, etc:
Subject Will + have + Verb in Past Participle/Verb-3 + .
Will Will have Will By + a phrase
have married have atau
I/We/You/ passed checked Before/when + Subject +
Will Will have Will
They Verb-1
have married have
He/She/It
passed checked
Will Will have Will
have married have
passed checked
We use will have passed, will have married, will have checked, with I, we, you, they,
and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects
Examples:

I Will have passed My examination by the end of this moth

Dessy Will have got married To Robby when you come back
The Mechanic Will have checked The engine before the pilot flies the plane

The Future Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express:

An action that will be completed before another event or a certain time in the future,
for example:
I will have graduated from Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung
Dessy will have left for Jakarta when you come back
The mechanic will have checked the car before I drive it.
L. Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense
This is the form of the Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense of Sleep, Work,
Fight, etc
Subject Will have + been + Verb-1 + ing + .

Will have been Will have Will have

sleeping been working been fighting
Will have been Will have Will have
I/We/You/They For
sleeping been working been fighting
He/She/It ..
Will have been Will have Will have
sleeping been working been fighting
We use will sleeping, Will have been working, Will have been fighting, with I, we,
you, they, and he, she, it, and all singular and plural subjects. Examples:

I Will have been sleeping For two hours before my wife gets home
The Will have been fighting Against the fire for five hours
firefighters
We Will have been working For the supermarket

The Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense is a verb that is used to express:

1) An action that will be in progress before another time or event in the future, for example:

I will have been sleeping for two hours before my wife gets home.
The firefighters will have been putting the fire out for five hours.
We will have been working for the supermarket for two years.

2) An action that emphasizes the continuity of future achievement, for example:

I will have been teaching here for fifteen years this year
My daughters will have been sleeping for three hours by the time I get home

M. Past Future Tense

This tense is also basically the same with simple future tense. It explains an activity
which will happen after the conversation happened. The tense is normally used to describe
 plan or to explain an estimation. Normally Past Future tense is used as a conditional
sentence type 2.

I would come if you invited me

Tom would travel if he had more money

The characteristic of this tense is the use of the word will. Adverbs which are
usually used in future tense are TOMORROW, NEXT etc.

The Pattern of Past Future Tense

A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Tense
Verbal sentence: S + would + Verb1
Nominal sentence: S + would be +

Examples:

Ann would play in the final match tonight if she could recover faster.
Andrea would be at home next week if he finished his exam.

B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Tense

Verbal sentence: S + wouldnt + Verb1
Nominal sentence: S + wouldnt +

Examples:

Joko wouldnt come to the ceremony next Friday if he got sick.

The students would not be absent tomorrow the teacher came to the school.

C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Tense

Verbal sentence: Would + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: Would + S + be + .
 Examples:

Would Emma accompany me to the party tonight if I brought a girlfriend?

Would they be able to come to the class on time if an accident happened?

D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Tense

Verbal sentence: QW + would + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: QW + Would + S + be +

Examples:

What would you wear for the party tonight if you did not have one?
When would the room be available if we did not book one?

N. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous Tense is used to explain an event or activity that will be
happening in the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation takes
place. This tense is almost the same like Present Future Tense but it is commonly used in
conditional sentence. The difference is only in the specification of the time.

Present Future Continuous Tense has more specific time. he adverbs used in this
tense are almost the same with the ones used in Present Future Tense. In Present Future
Continuous Tense, the use of specific time is often found.

The Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense

A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
S + would + be+ Ving

Examples:

I would be studying math tonight at 8 pm if I had no other schedule.

The teachers will be holding an annual teacher meeting at 9 oclock if they
wanted to.
B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense
S + would + not + be + Ving
Examples:
The employees would not be working tomorrow if boss did not pay them.
The national soccer players would be performing a charity match at 22nd of
June if they won the PPD competition.

C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense

Would + S + be + Ving
Examples:
Would Nami be going to Paris next 22nd of July if she graduated now?
Would he be playing for our volley team tomorrow night if we asked him?

D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Continuous Tense

QW + would + S + be + Ving
Examples:
What would you be doing tomorrow at 8 pm at your house if I came?
Where would the teachers be sitting if we occupied all of them?

By using Past Future Continuous Tense Pattern, we can explains an event or activity
that will be happening in the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation
takes place. If you like to find other tenses, you should go to Learn English Category.

O. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Tense is actually similar with Present Perfect Tense in the sense of
time and meaning. This tense is normally used as conditional sentence type 3. It has
contradictory meaning with the conditional sentence which is used.

He would have become a rider if his team had won in the previous race.

The adverbs used in Past Future Perfect tense are almost the same with the ones
used in Present Future Perfect Tense.
 Example:
(+) awi would have done his homework
(-) awi would not have done his homework
(?) would awi have done his homework?
(-?) would awi not have done his homework?

The Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

A. The Positive Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

Verbal sentence: S + Would + have + V3

Nominal sentence: S + Would + have + been +
Examples:
Jim would have finished his job in the next month if he had not watched the
movie.
Mia would have been a good pianist if she had practiced a lot.

B. The Negative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

Verbal sentence: S + Wouldnt + have + V3
Nominal sentence: S + Wouldnt + have + been +
Examples:
Kai wouldnt have passed the exam if he had not studied sincerely.
The students would have not been in the suspension if they did not play in the
class.

C. The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

Verbal sentence: S + Would + have + S + V3
Nominal sentence: Would + have + S + been +
Examples:
Would have Emma accompanied her friends to the party tonight?
Would have they been able to come by the time class starts?

D. The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Perfect Tense

Verbal sentence: QW + Will/shall + have + S + Verb1
Nominal sentence: QW + will/shall have + S + be +
Examples:
What would have you done by the time I arrived there?
 Why would have the room been available if I ask the janitor first?
P. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is basically the same with Present Perfect
Continuous Tense. Similar with Past Future Perfect Tense, this tense is also used in
conditional sentence type 3 normally for its positive and negative pattern.

The race would have been starting since this morning if all riders had come on time.

The adverbs used in this tense are almost the same with the ones used in Present Future
Perfect Continuous Tense.

The Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1) The Positive Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + would + have + been Ving

Examples:

a. Clevany would have been sleeping if she did not drink much coffee.
b. Rose will have been studying for two hours if she did not watch a serial drama.

2) The Negative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + wouldnt + have + been Ving

Examples:

a. Ika wouldnt have been filling the requirement if she had come late.
b. The students would have not been watching a movie if the school had ended faster.

3) The Interrogative Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Would + have + S + been + Ving

Examples:

a. Would have Mina been listening to her favorite song if the electricity had downed?
 b. Would have they been playing soccer if the principle had come?

4) The Question-word Pattern of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

QW + would + have + S + been + Ving

Examples:

a. What would have you been doing if I had fractured your leg?
b. Where would have the students been studying if the teacher had not come?