Best-distributed

rains in 3 years
90 bps surge in private consumption foreseen
Monsoon Granular Review, October 2016
Analytical contacts
Dharmakirti Joshi
Chief Economist, CRISIL
dharmakirti.joshi@crisil.com

Dipti Deshpande
Senior Economist, CRISIL
dipti.deshpande@crisil.com

Sakshi Gupta
Economist, CRISIL
sakshi.gupta@crisil.com
Table of contents

It didnt pour only for groundnut.......................................................................................................... 1

Benedictions from the rain god ........................................................................................................... 2

Farm story intact despite deficiency in a third of districts .................................................................. 3

Rural incomes on the rise ....................................................................................................................6

Key demand indicators roseate........................................................................................................... 7

Sowing on a good footing ...................................................................................................................10

Reservoirs fill up, good augury for rabi season as well........................................................................11

Impact on inflation and growth.......................................................................................................... 12

Measuring the granular impact of rains ............................................................................................ 13

Monsoon and state dynamics of inflation ..........................................................................................15

It didnt pour only for groundnut

The snapshot:

Rainfall in 2016 has been recorded as normal, at just 3% below the long-period average. Whats better is
that for the first time in 3 years, rains were well-distributed only 33% of the districts saw deficient
rains, compared with 49% in 2015 and 46% in 2014. Moreover, more than half of these deficient districts
are well-irrigated and the many that are not are agriculturally less relevant. To be sure, there is some
stress is pockets mainly in Gujarat and Karnataka, where a few districts are witnessing their second or
third consecutive deficiency.
CRISILs state-wise Deficient Rainfall Impact Parameter, or DRIP, scores show all states sans Gujarat,
Tamil Nadu and Odisha are above-trend. Also, among crops, only groundnut has a below-trend DRIP
score.
We expect rural incomes to rise and push rural demand up this fiscal

The despondency of the past two monsoons has given way to sanguinity. After a slow start in June, rains caught
up and, as on September 28, 2016, were just 3% short of the long-period average (LPA). This has boosted
reservoir levels from the lows seen at the beginning of this fiscal, and done the confidence of farmers a world of
good. To wit, the area coverage under all kharif crops is at 1,060 lakh hectare compared with 1,052 lakh hectare
last year. Also, rural demand is starting to show green shoots and is likely to provide the much-needed fillip to
rural consumption this fiscal.

Our DRIP indicator is better for all crops compared with a year ago. Among states, it is upbeat for all except
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Odisha as of September 28, though Karnataka is below trend. Rural demand, as shown
by indicators such as auto sales (especially for two-wheelers, utility vans and tractors), and FMCG BSE index,
reflect some rebound. Further, with rising output, we expect rural incomes to pick up this fiscal.

We expect GDP to grow 7.9% this fiscal (up 30 basis points compared with fiscal 2015), and agriculture to grow
above trend at 4%, while CPI inflation would remain contained at 5% (only 10 basis points up on-year).

Normal monsoons are rarely perfect in in their distribution across time and geography. As of September 28, 33%
of Indias 629 districts for which rainfall data is available, have seen rainfall deficiency of 20% or more. In
contrast, in 2015, about 49% had reported deficient rains and in 2014, 46%.

More than half of the districts seeing deficient rains have adequate irrigation cover (net irrigated area is equal
to, or more than, 50% of cropped area). Plus many rain-deficient districts are agriculturally less relevant,
contributing under 4% to kharif production and having less than 7% of overall sown area, underscoring limited
impact.

There is some stress in pockets, particularly in Gujarat and Karnataka, which are the worst affected this year.
The share of these states in all-India kharif production is less than 7% and that of their distressed districts just
1.7%. From the state perspective, however, the stress to agricultural household incomes could be high as a
quarter of the kharif production in Karnataka and about 33% in Gujarat comes from the distressed districts.
Also, the kharif crop contributes about 66% of the total agriculture production in Karnataka and 55% in Gujarat.

1
Benedictions from the rain god
Two years of sub-normal monsoons had amplified the need for plentiful rains. This year, the rain god obliged.

The southwest monsoon started off weak, with a deficiency of 12% at the end of June, but caught up thereafter
and was just 3% below long period average as of September 28. Out of 36 sub-divisions, as many as 28,
accounting for 86% of the total rainfall area of the country, had received excess/normal rainfall. The 8 sub-
divisions with deficient rainfall are Assam & Meghalaya, Haryana, Chandigarh & Delhi, Punjab and Himachal
Pradesh, Gujarat region, coastal Karnataka, Kerala and Lakshadweep.

In the middle of June, rainfall was deficient in all regions barring the south peninsula. Latest data shows its
been normal or above normal in all regions barring the south peninsula and east and north-east, which account
for 32% of total food grain production in India. Rainfall distribution has varied with Assam (32% below
normal), Gujarat (17% below normal), Haryana (27% below normal) and Himachal Pradesh (24% below normal)
rain-deficient as of September 28, even as Rajasthan was 25% above normal and Madhya Pradesh 19% above
normal.

We compared irrigated area and rainfall across states to gauge the impact on agricultural production. It is
heartening to note is that states such as Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, which have
low irrigation coverage, have received normal or above-normal rainfall. Of the deficient-rainfall states, Gujarat
has 46% of the area irrigated slightly above the all-India average of 43% minimising the impact on
production. However, Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala, where both rainfall and irrigated area are low ( see
chart), are experiencing some stress.

Rainfall deficiency broadly limited to areas with irrigation buffer

Low rainfall, high irrigation

% Irrigated area

120
Low rainfall, low irrigation
High rainfall, low irrigation
100 [CELLRANGE] High rainfall, high irrigation

[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
80

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
60 [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
40 [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]

[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
20 [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Rainfall % normal

Source: AGRICOOP, CRISIL Research

Note: Rainfall up to September 28; irrigation as of 2011

2
Farm story intact despite deficiency in a third of districts
Normal monsoons are rarely perfect in their spatial and temporal distribution. As of September 28, 33% of
Indias 629 districts for which rainfall data is available, have seen rainfall deficiency of 20% or more. This is an
improvement over 2015 and 2014, when the number of districts reporting deficient rains was 49% and 46%,
respectively.

Rainfall distribution across districts, over time

% of districts Excess / normal Deficient / scanty

2006 60 40
2007 73 27
2008 76 24
2009 41 59
2010 69 31
2011 76 24
2012 59 41
2013 72 28
2014 54 46
2015 51 49
2016 67 33
Source: IMD

The deficient districts this year have recorded rainfall 20-91% below the LPA. But, nearly 54% of these districts
also have sufficient irrigation buffer, which reduces their vulnerability to poor rains. A scatter plot reveals that
districts with greater rain deficiency are also the ones with higher irrigation cover.

Rainfall deficiency and irrigation cover

100
Net irrigated area (% of net cropped area)

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
-95 -85 -75 -65 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15

Rainfall (% deviation from normal)

Source: IMD, Ministry of Agriculture, CRISIL Research

3
The balance 87 are the distressed districts which are reeling under the double whammy of poor irrigation cover
(less than 50% irrigated area as a percentage of cropped area) and deficient rains. In some of these, rains have
been deficient for the second or third consecutive year, indicating a higher degree of stress.

However, these distressed districts are less important agriculturally as they contribute less than 4% of all-
India Kharif production and less than 7% of the overall sown area.

This gives us reason to believe the adverse impact on the countrys agricultural output will be contained.
Therefore, although over 30% of Indias districts have seen weak rains, the impact on all-India agriculture from
these pockets will be negligible.

The worst-affected states this year are Gujarat and Karnataka where some districts have received deficient
rainfall for the second or third consecutive year (see DRIP scores table). The share of states in all-India kharif
production is less than 7% and that of the distressed districts just 1.7%. But from the perspective of the
affected states, the stress to agricultural household incomes could be high. Thats because a quarter of the
kharif production in Karnataka and about 33% in Gujarat comes from the distressed districts. Besides, the
kharif crop contributes about 66% of the total agriculture production in Karnataka and 55% in Gujarat.

The 13 distressed districts in Gujarat and Karnataka mainly grow rice, in addition to cotton (in Gujarat) and
maize and ragi (in Karnataka), contributing about a quarter of the states production of these crops. In Gujarat,
about 40% of the states cotton production comes from here.

Similarly, there are a few other states (especially in the east and north-east) where the extent of stress is also
likely to be high. The all-India data therefore, to some extent, masks these stress points.

Identifying the stress in agricultural pockets

Number of
% state Number of distressed Distressed district Distressed district Kharif
Largest kharif producing production share districts with districts with production % share production % share production %
state which recorded in all-India kharif deficient / deficient / scanty in state kharif in all-India kharif share in total
deficient rains production scanty rains* rains production production state production
Uttar Pradesh 36.7 37 1 1.7 0.6 74.6
Maharashtra 28.8 1 0 0 0 94.5
Andhra Pradesh 6.9 1 0 0 0 2.2
Gujarat 4.7 16 8 32.9 1.5 55.2
Punjab 3.2 12 0 0 0 44.6
Haryana 2.9 12 1 0.4 0.0 49.4
Madhya Pradesh 2.7 5 2 3.4 0.1 39.0
West Bengal 2.5 2 0 0 0 23.2
Karnataka 2.2 9 6 24.4 0.5 65.9
Orissa 1.9 5 4 6.7 0.1 90.9
Tamil Nadu 1.9 19 9 7.1 0.1 13.5
Bihar 0.5 11 2 1.6 0.0 9.2
Assam 0.5 13 13 61.8 0.3 19.8
Uttarakhand 0.3 5 4 24.3 0.1 11.7
J&K 0.2 6 1 9.5 0.0 6.4
Nagaland 0.2 2 2 22.1 0.0 88.3
Tripura 0.2 2 1 34.5 0.1 83.7
Manipur 0.1 1 1 17.6 0.0 73.2
Arunachal Pradesh 0.1 6 5 25.0 0.0 79.2
Meghalaya 0.1 5 4 57.6 0.0 39.3
Mizoram 0.0 1 1 16.2 0.0 83.8
Andaman 0.0 1 1 100.0 0.0 55.1
Jharkhand 0.0 5 5 15.6 0.0 1.6
Himachal Pradesh 0.0 4 2 25.7 0.0 12.1
Kerala 0.0 14 13 98.9 0.0 0.0
Note: *also includes those districts where irrigation is adequate
Source: IMD, Ministry of Agriculture, CRISIL Research

4
DRIP scores for districts in the two most-affected states
DRIP
District State score Major crops grown
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
1 Chamarajanagar Karnataka 34 2 1 0 40 21 0 Maize, rice
2 Vadodara Gujarat 29 35 16 0 20 4 2 Cotton (lint)
3 Bharuch Gujarat 28 18 13 0 30 14 0 Cotton (lint)
4 Narmada Gujarat 23 25 25 0 17 5 12 Cotton (lint)
5 Chikamaglur Karnataka 22 11 0 0 15 3 0 Rice, ragi
6 Kutch Gujarat 21 0 15 0 23 0 0 Cotton (lint), groundnut
7 Hassan Karnataka 20 3 0 0 23 16 24 Maize, rice, ragi
8 Ahmedabad Gujarat 19 14 0 0 15 0 0 Cotton (lint), rice
9 Sabarkantha Gujarat 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton (lint), groundnut
10 Surendranagar Gujarat 17 10 0 0 16 0 0 Cotton (lint)
11 Bellary Karnataka 15 0 0 0 20 14 0 Rice, maize
12 Dharwad Karnataka 14 28 0 0 29 5 0 Maize
13 Uttar Kannada Karnataka 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 Rice
Higher the DRIP score, the worse the impact of
deficient rains
Source: IMD, Ministry of Agriculture, CRISIL Research calculations

Still, at an all-India level, stress is lower this year. Key kharif-growing states such as Uttar Pradesh (UP),
Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana which produce nearly half of the countrys kharif output have the most number
of districts with deficient or scanty rainfall. But, the production share of the distressed districts is only 2% of
all-India kharif production. Adequate irrigation cover has come to the aid of all except Gujarat. In UP, less than
2% of the kharif crop production comes from these affected districts. The number for Haryana is even lower at
below 1%.

5
Rural incomes on the rise
We expect the favourable monsoon to revive rural incomes. Larger agricultural output will help boost supply and
rural incomes. It will also exert a downward pressure on prices and farm incomes.
We estimate that on balance, even with a fall in food prices, the output effect will weigh in and raise agricultural
GDP by Rs 1.49 trillion this fiscal. This is assuming an above-trend growth of 4% in agricultural output. In fiscal
2016, the increase in agricultural income was Rs 978 billion.
The imminent fillip

%yr
14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
2015-16
2012-13

2013-14

2015-16

2012-13

2013-14

2012-13

2013-14

2015-16
2014-15

2014-15

2014-15
2016-17 F

2016-17 F

2016-17 F
-2.0

Agri income Agri output Agri price

.

And thats not all. A visible spurt in construction works, especially roads, is likely to raise non-agricultural rural
incomes. The length of roads completed (both new connectivity and upgradation) under the Pradhan Mantri
Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) so far this fiscal is higher compared with the same period last year.

Road construction rising, boosting employment and incomes

6
Key demand indicators roseate
We believe the upturn in rural incomes should push private consumption above 8% in fiscal 2017, compared
with 7.4% in fiscal 2016.

Urban consumption remains healthy and will benefit further from lower inflation, spillovers from robust
agriculture activity in manufacturing and services, greater transmission of past interest rate cuts, and the
Seventh Pay Commission and One Rank One Pension payouts.

Turning to rural markets, which account for 54% of private consumption in India, the indicators reveal green
shoots and the recovery is likely to gain strength in the coming months.

Therefore, we believe the recovery in consumption will be two-legged this time around.

A 90 bps surge on the cards

Private consumption (% year)

8.3
7.4
6.8
6.2
5.3

FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17F

Consumer durables: Over time, rural consumption has shifted from necessities to discretionary goods. Over half
of India's consumer durables stock, such as television sets and electric fans, are consumed in hinterland. Sales
of two-wheelers, motorcycles and multipurpose vans indicate that rural demand has recovered in the past few
months. In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, sales of multipurpose vans rose 5% and two-wheelers and
motorcycles 8%. Durables picked up pace after de-growth in fiscals 2014 and 2015, partly driven by a revival in
urban demand. Now, with a good monsoon expected to push up rural demand, consumer durables sales should
accelerate.

FMCGs: Growth in consumer non-durables production, which includes fast-moving consumer goods such as
food, personal products, cosmetics, cleaning products and fuel that account for 34% of rural demand, appears
to have bottomed out. The BSE FMCG index has risen to 8725 in July 2016 from 7697 in March 2016. We find that
the BSE FMCG index has moved in tandem with rainfall progress in the past four years.

Tractor sales: A bounce-back from the lows of fiscal 2015 signals improving farm activity and income.

Government spend: Higher government expenditure on agriculture and rural development in the first quarter
will provide further support to incomes and demand in rural areas.

7
Auto sales have picked up Non-durables seem to have bottomed out

% %
50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0

-10 -10

-20 -20

-30
-30
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17 YTD

Jul-10

Sep-11
Oct-08

Oct-15
Jun-06

May-09
Dec-09

Jun-13

May-16
Feb-11

Apr-12
Jan-07
Aug-07

Nov-12

Jan-14
Aug-14
Mar-08

Mar-15
Vans Multi purpose
Multi-purpose vans Two wheelers
Two-wheelers
Non-durables Durables
Scooters
Scooters Motorcycles

Tractor sales are recovering

30
(%, 3 months moving average)
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
Oct-14
Aug-14
Apr-13

Apr-14

Jun-14

Apr-15

Apr-16
Feb-15
Dec-12

Feb-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Dec-14

Dec-15

Feb-16
Oct-12

Oct-13

Oct-15
Aug-13
Aug-12

Aug-15
Jun-12

Jun-13

Jun-15

Jun-16

FMCG sales are headed north... tracking monsoon performance

%
9,000 BSE FMCG Index 20

15
8,500
10
8,000
5

7,500 0

7,000 -5

-10
6,500
-15
6,000
-20
Oct-14
Apr-14

Apr-15

Apr-16
Jul-14
Jan-14

Jul-15

Jul-16
Oct-15
Jan-15

Jan-16

FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 YTD

Rainfall
RainfallDef %
deficiency % change
ChangeinisBSE
BSEFMCG
FMCGIndex
Index

8
Farm credit is turning the corner

(%, 3 months moving average)

23

21

19

17

15

13

11

7
Oct-14
Aug-14
Apr-14

Jun-14

Apr-15

Apr-16
Dec-13

Dec-14

Feb-15

Dec-15
Oct-13

Feb-14

Oct-15

Feb-16
Aug-13

Aug-15
Jun-13

Jun-15

Jun-16
Credit
Credittoto
Agriculture
agriculture

Government spend on agriculture and rural development rising

Rs billion, Apr-Jun

1,006

724
644 625

FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Source: CEIC, CRISIL Research

9
Sowing on a good footing
As per the 1st Advance Estimates for this fiscal, area coverage under all kharif crops taken together is 1060.81
lakh hectare at the all-India level, compared with 1052.16 lakh hectare last year. Sowing has improved for most
crops in the past few weeks and is higher than last year, driven by food grains, especially pulses (+30% on-
year).

Sowing better, especially for pulses

As % normal for whole season

127

100 101 100 102

94
87 90

Total Pulses
pulses Rice Total coarse Oilseeds all
All crops
crops cotton
Cotton Sugarcane Total
sugarcane TotalFood
cereals food grain
grains

Source: AGRICOOP, CRISIL Research

Note: Sowing as on September 23, 2016

Sowing was 27% above normal for pulses and 3.6% for groundnut. Sowing for rice was normal, but slightly below
normal for cotton and sugarcane. Cotton saw a slow season this year with total sown area 13% below the
normal.

10
Reservoirs fill up, good augury for rabi season as well
Post-sowing, reservoirs provide electricity for irrigation. Reservoir levels are also important for the rabi season,
which starts in October.

In May 2015, the Central Water Commission showed storage in 91 major reservoirs at merely 17% of their total
capacity, compared with 40% on-year and 18% lower than the past 10-year average. This was because of sub-
normal rainfall in the past two years. About 76 of the 91 have irrigation potential.

With the advent of monsoon and ample rainfall, the reservoir storage situation has improved this season. Data
till September 22 indicates reservoir storage was 17% higher on-year. This should support agricultural
production this season and the next.

11
Impact on inflation and growth
Sub-normal monsoons in the past two fiscals have taken a toll on agricultural production. As per the third
advance estimates for 2015, rice output is down 2%, coarse cereals 12%, pulses 0.5%, sugarcane 4% and
oilseeds 6%, exacerbating rural distress. Agriculture GDP growth averaged 0.4% in the past two fiscals, much
below the long-term trend of 3%. A normal monsoon this time is therefore expected to turn the picture around.

We expect GDP to grow at 7.9% in fiscal 2017, and agriculture at 4%. As rural private consumption revives, it will
spur a rise in capacity utilisation and kickstart the investment cycle by the end of this fiscal. Sectors such as
automobiles, particularly two-wheelers and consumer durables, are expected to gain.

On the inflation front, we expect ample kharif production to boost supply and bring down food inflation,
especially for pulses where inflation has remained in double digits for 14 months on the trot now. On the other
hand, recent data shows global food prices are skyrocketing. Where inflation settles will depend on the interplay
of good monsoons, tending to lower domestic food inflation, and rising global prices exerting an upward
pressure.

Oilseeds is a major agricultural import item for India (62% of total consumption) especially soybean, sunflower
and palm oil. Oils and fats account for 9.1% weight in the inflation food basket. Global vegetable oil prices have
risen 10% on-year since the beginning of this fiscal, owing to inadequate output in Malaysia and rising import
demand from China, India and the European Union. However, this should be offset by domestic sowing, 4%
above normal this season.

Further, global sugar prices have risen 46% on-year since April 2016 in anticipation of significant deficit in
global markets in fiscal 2017 and prospects of reduced inventories in Asia. Sugar and confectionery account for
3.5% weight in the inflation food basket. Sugarcane sowing has been below normal by 0.9% and lower than last
years figure by 7.7%. Sugar and confectionary prices have risen 17.7% on-year since the beginning of fiscal
2017 and this continues to be a stress point for food inflation in the months ahead.

That said, we expect a good monsoon to ease domestic prices of other food categories such as vegetables (15%
weight in CPI food inflation), cereals, fruits and milk and milk products, and help offset the pressure from higher
global prices. On balance, we expect CPI inflation to average 5% this fiscal.

Costlier chow globally

%
100 Food price indices

80

60

40

20

-20

-40

-60
Apr-15

Apr-16
Sep-15
Jul-15

Mar-16

Jul-16
Mar-15

Oct-15

Dec-15
Feb-15

Feb-16
Aug-15

Aug-16
Jun-15

Nov-15

Jun-16
Jan-15

May-15

Jan-16

May-16

Food Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar

12
Measuring the granular impact of rains
The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall is crucial in determining its impact on food production. A weak
and slow start to the monsoons affects sowing, while uneven distribution, the output. We analyse these
dimensions by examining the CRISIL Deficient Rainfall Impact Parameter (DRIP) index at the state and district
levels, and the progress on sowing.

Developed in 2002, the DRIP index, computed as a product of the percentage deviation in rainfall and in
unirrigated area, captures both magnitude of the shock (deficiency of rainfall) and the vulnerability of a region
(percentage of unirrigated area). So the impact of deficient rainfall will be more pronounced for unirrigated
crops and regions -- the higher the DRIP score, the greater the impact of rainfall deficiency. For each crop, the
index is computed for every state and then aggregated, weighting each state by its share in the all-India
production of that crop. The value of the index falls between 0 and 100.

Where, % UNIRRIGATEDij is the proportion of unirrigated area under crop j in state i

%RAINFALL DEFi is the % deviation of rainfall from normal in state i.
If there is excess rainfall, rainfall deficiency is considered to be 0.
Wi is share of state i in overall production of crop j in a normal monsoon year

The DRIP index can also be calculated state-wise to assess granular impact. DRIP scores of a state are arrived
at by aggregating crop-wise scores, where the weight of each crop is its sown area as a share of total sown area
for all crops.

What is DRIP telling us?

As of September 28, the crop-wise DRIP scores were lower (better) than the average of the past six years, except
for groundnut. Coarse cereals, soybean, and pulses such as tur are doing better than last year.

Crop-wise DRIP score

30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 28 SEP Average
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011-2015
Rice 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.8 3.6 2.8 3.0
Jowar 2.1 10.8 0.1 11.2 16.7 5.1 8.2
Bajra 2.5 8.7 1.6 13.9 13.6 5.7 8.1
Soyabean 1.0 4.6 0.0 17.0 15.1 0.3 7.6
Sugarcane 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.0
Tur 2.3 11.2 0.9 14.8 18.6 5.6 9.5
Groundnut 1.8 14.0 0.1 9.0 9.7 9.1 6.9
Maize 2.1 7.0 1.5 10.0 10.3 4.5 6.2
Cotton 2.2 7.4 0.1 10.5 9.8 3.0 6.0
All crops 0.9 2.3 1.03 3.72 3.7 1.5 2.3
Foodgrain DRIP 2.0 4.1 2.6 5.9 6.1 3.4 4.1
Note: Higher the score, worse off the crop
Source: Crisil calculations

13
All states except Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu are better off than the average of the past six
years. Scores for Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Odisha are higher than last year, suggesting they are worse-off this
year. Karnataka, on the other hand, is better placed, though below trend.

State-level differences also mean varying crop impact. In terms of overall state DRIP scores, Gujarat, which
accounts for 11% of Indias bajra production, 9% of tur, 39% of groundnut and 29% of cotton, was the worst-
affected as on September 28. While Gujarat's area under cotton is well-irrigated, that for groundnut is not,
making the crop vulnerable.

State-wise DRIP score

30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 30 SEP 28 SEP
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011-2015 Average
Andhra Pradesh 4.4 0.0 0.0 13.3 4.1 0.0 4.4
Bihar 0.0 7.8 11.1 6.5 10.4 1.5 7.1
Gujarat 0.0 17.9 0.0 5.7 7.9 11.1 6.3
Haryana 2.3 4.8 2.7 6.9 4.5 3.3 4.2
Karnataka 0.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 13.6 9.2 4.7
Madhya Pradesh 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 10.8 0.0 5.9
Maharashtra 2.1 11.2 0.0 15.1 22.1 0.0 10.1
Odisha 2.9 0.2 1.7 0.0 6.8 7.3 2.3
Punjab 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rajasthan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil Nadu 2.0 6.9 0.0 0.2 3.4 7.1 2.5
Uttar Pradesh 2.1 4.7 0.8 13.2 12.8 3.9 6.7
West Bengal 0.0 4.4 3.5 5.9 0.0 0.0 2.8
Note: Higher the score, worse off the crop
Source: IMD, Ministry of Agriculture, CRISIL calculations

14
Monsoons and state dynamics of food inflation
We plot the state level DRIP scores with average food inflation since June to analyse the correlation between
rainfall and inflation. We find that while the correlation between rainfall and food inflation is weak, that between
the DRIP scores and food inflation is stronger. This is because the DRIP scores also take into account irrigation
coverage and production shares along with rainfall patterns.

We find that states such as Gujarat and Odisha, which have had higher rainfall deficiency, are also witnessing
higher food inflation as measured by CPI-Food and beverages. On the other hand, states such as Punjab,
Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, which have lower DRIP scores, also have lower inflation.

DRIP score versus food inflation

12.0
Higher the DRIP score. the worse it is

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

% food inflation

Note: Food inflation is average of June-August 2016

Source: CRISIL calculations, CEIC

15
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